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1
Klemczak, Barbara, Maciej Batog, Zbigniew Giergiczny, and Aneta Żmij. "Complex Effect of Concrete Composition on the Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Mass Concrete." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112207.
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The current work presents the complex investigation of the influence of cement and aggregate type on the thermo-mechanical behavior of mass concrete. Six types of cement with different amounts of non-clinker constituents and four types of aggregates are used in experimental tests. Particular attention was given to the low clinker cements with high amounts of siliceous fly ash and ground blast furnace slag. The experimental research covered the determination of thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of early age concrete with different constituents. Experimental results have been used both to validate the numerical model and analysis of exemplary foundation slab. The results confirm the importance of the concrete mix composition and it has been shown that the early-age volume deformation and possible cracking is the result of the concerted action of thermal and mechanical properties of concrete. The obtained results indicate granite as the best aggregate for mass concrete. Considering the type of cement, much better behaviour of mass concrete has been noted for cements with fly ash and composite cements containing both fly ash and slags than cements only with slag.
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Moskalenko, Oleksandr, and Rayisa Runova. "Ice Formation as an Indicator of Frost-Resistance on the Concrete Containing Slag Cement in Conditions of Freezing and Thawing." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.145.
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The connection with the icing on the frost resistance of concrete containing slag cement and chemical additives «MC Bauchemie» under freezing and thawing.It is shown that freeze concrete samples at (-) 10°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 70 wt.% Of binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 ... 1.9 times compared with the concrete obtained at a slag containing slag cement with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F450 to F400.When freezing of concrete samples at (-) 20°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 50 wt. % Binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 times compared with the concrete obtained on slag cement containing slag with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F400 to F350.The concrete on the slag containing cement with slag 70 wt. % is observed a slight decrease in ice formation. However, its value is 1.4 times higher than ice formation in concretes containing slag in an amount of 10 wt. %. Mark on frost resistance remains at F350.The smallest ice formation, regardless of the content of the slag into the slag containing cement, concrete characterized in that use complex organo-mineral supplement SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) in the amount of 5.6%. According to the degree of influence of additives used to reduce ice formation in the slag in concretes, containing cements can be ranker number: SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) > NC (5%) + SP (0.6%) > SP (0.6%).
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Rubio-Cintas, Maria Dolores, Maria Eugenia Parron-Rubio, Francisca Perez-Garcia, António Bettencourt Ribeiro, and Miguel José Oliveira. "Influence of Steel Slag Type on Concrete Shrinkage." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010214.
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Building construction and building operations have a massive direct and indirect effect on the environment. Cement-based materials will remain essential to supply the growth of our built environment. Without preventive measures, this necessary demand in cement production will imply a substantial increase in CO2 generation. Reductions in global CO2 emissions due to cement consumption may be achieved by improvements on two main areas: increased use of low CO2 supplementary cementitious materials and a more efficient use of Portland cement clinker in mortars and concretes. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete, as cement constituent or as latent hydraulic binder, is a current practice, but information of concrete with ladle furnace slag is more limited. Specific knowledge of the behavior of mixtures with steel slag in relation to certain properties needs to be improved. This paper presents the results of the shrinkage (total and autogenous) of five concrete mixtures, produced with different percentages of two different slags in substitution of cement. The results show that shrinkage of concrete with the two different slags diverges. These different characteristics of the two materials suggest that their use in combination can be useful in optimizing the performance of concrete.
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Lane, D. Stephen. "Performance of Slag Cement in Hydraulic Cement Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2290, no. 1 (2012): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2290-11.
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The Virginia Department of Transportation began to allow the use of slag cement in hydraulic cement concretes in 1985; its use has steadily increased since then. Several years ago a study was conducted to investigate the performance of bridge decks constructed with hydraulic cement concretes containing straight portland cement and portland cement plus slag cement with a specified water–cementitious materials ratio of 0.45. At the time of the field work, these decks were 12 to 16 years old. In addition to general observations of deck condition, cores were extracted from the decks for petrographic examination of internal condition and determination of concrete transport properties by using electrical conductivity and rate of water absorption. Overall, the slag cement concretes performed well with a tendency toward lower transport properties and showed no inherent tendency for scaling. Some evidence of alkali–aggregate reactivity was observed with evident damage in one case, although it was not clear whether an insufficient amount of slag cement was used or slag cement would simply be ineffective in this case. Overall, the performance and experience with slag cement were favorable.
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Camarini, Gladis. "Curing Effects on Air Permeability of Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.602.
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The kinetics of cement hydration can be accelerated by steam curing and this kind of curing can be responsible for increasing concrete porosity, since a greater portion of non hydrated cement particles can be present. The increased porosity results can result in increased permeability. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of curing on concrete quality by air permeability and compressive strength test. It was measured by means of a non steady state air permeameter. Concretes were produced with Portland cements containing 0%, 27% and 53% of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. The amount of slag in cement influenced concrete performance and steam curing increased air permeability of concrete.
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Martauz, Pavel, Vojtěch Václavík, and Branislav Cvopa. "The Properties of Concrete Based on Steel Slag as a By-Product of Metallurgical Production." Key Engineering Materials 838 (April 2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.10.
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This article presents the results of research on the use of unstable steel slag with a fraction of 0/8 mm as a 100% substitute for natural aggregate in concrete production. Two types of cements were used for the production of concrete: Portland cement CEM I 42.5N and hybrid cement H-CEMENT. Both of these cements were produced by the company Považská cementárna, a.s., Ladce. The main objective of this study was to assess the suitable type of binder to be combined with unstable steel slag in the production of concrete composite. The prepared concrete was used to test the properties of a fresh concrete mix, i.e. its consistency and bulk density. Hardened concrete was used to test the strength and deformation properties, including cube strength after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days, as well as prism strength after 28 days. The static modulus of elasticity was determined using prisms after 28 days of age of the test specimens. Our attention was also focused on determining the class of leachability of the concretes based on steel slag with CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT. The durability of concrete prepared on the basis of steel slag was tested in an environment with increased temperature and pressure. The results of the strength characteristics tests show a difference between the 28-day average cube strength of concrete using CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT (34.6 MPa and 29.1 MPa), while after 90 days, the average cube strength value stabilized at about 38 MPa. The average values of the static modulus of elasticity when using CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT are almost identical, achieving values of 32.5 GPa and 32.8 GPa, respectively. Concrete based on steel slag with CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT can be included in leachability class IIb. The results of the durability test of concrete based on steel slag in an environment with increased temperature and pressure confirmed the use of H-CEMENT hybrid cement from the company Považská cementáren, a.s., Ladce, as a suitable binder. .
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Weng, Lu Qian, Hai Lin Cao, Pavel V. Krivenko, et al. "Modeling a Thermo-Stressed State of the Cast-in-Situ Low Carbon Footprint Alkali Activated Slag Cement Concrete Hardened under Hot Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.482.
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Alkali activated slag cement concretes are low carbon footprint building mateirals, which can meet the requirements for sustainable development. The paper covers the results of modeling a thermo-stressed state of the cast-in-situ massive alkali activated slag cement concrete structure hardened under hot environment to meet the requirements for marine engineering application. The results show that alkali activated slag cement concretes have a substantially lower heat release than that of Portland, are suitable for cast-in-situ massive alkali activated slag cement concrete structure even under hot environment.
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Kharchenko, Alexey I., Vyacheslav A. Alekseev, Igor Ya Kharchenko, and Andrey A. Alekseev. "Application of slag-alkali binders in jet cement grouting for soil consolidation." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2019): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.6.680-689.
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Introduction. The study proves actuality of the problem connected with obtaining efficient slag-alkali binders for usage in soil jet cement grouting. Replacement of usual portland cement for a slag-alkali binder in geotechnical underground construction activities allows solving a problem of waste (slag) utilization and increase economic efficiency of the soil jet cement grouting. In view of cement grouting technology features and possibility of usage cementation mixtures with various engineering characteristics for different soil types, a broad nomenclature of slag-alkali compositions can be used for obtaining soil-concrete structures. Materials and methods. Different types of slag were studied as constituents of composite binders. The PTs 500 D0 cement was taken as the basic portland cement. Standard requirements for cementation mixtures of mixing and pump facilities for soil-concrete bodies became the criteria. Investigations of hydration and structure formation during hardening of slag-alkali binders and soil-concretes on their base were conducted using a system of physical and chemical methods. Evaluation of construction and engineering properties of the composite slag-alkali binder was accomplished in accordance with the methods as per GOST 10181-2014 and GOST 5802-86 state standards. Results. Results of analysis how the slag type and amount influence the physical and mechanical properties of the binder used for jet soil cementation are presented. The article shows improvement of physical, mechanical, process and usage properties of the slag-alkali binder. General mechanism of impact of the slag on properties of the cementation mixture were revealed. Conclusions. Efficiency of application of the slag as an active component of the composite binder for jet cementation in geotechnical construction was theoretically substantiated and experimentally demonstrated. General applicability of the obtained concrete mixture based on the slag-alkali binder is stated for usage in cementation methods of improvement of technical parameters of concrete mixture and concretes. A classification of expanding cements possessing various expansion degrees was suggested for solving different construction problems.
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Kovalcikova, Martina, Adriana Eštoková, and Alena Luptáková. "Durability Performance of Cement Composites Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.26.
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The hydraulic properties of granulated blast-furnace slags have been studied for nearly 200 years, and use of slag in mortars and concretes dates back more than a hundred years. The use of ground blast furnace slag, added as a replacement for a portion of the portland cement, has gained increasing acceptance in recent years. The effects of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillusthiooxidans on concrete mixture with addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag compared to mixture without any additives were investigated in laboratory over a period of 91 days. A laboratory study was conducted to comparison the performance of concrete samples in terms of a concrete deterioration influenced by the leaching of calcium compounds from the cement matrix. The changes in the elemental concentrations of calcium ions in leachates were measured by using X – ray fluorescence method. Experimental studies confirmed: bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans caused much intensive calcium release from the concrete matrices into the solution; the higher resistance of concrete mixture with 65 % wt. slag addition was not confirmed.
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Yang, Jian Wei, Qiang Wang, Pei Yu Yan, and Bo Zhang. "Influence of Steel Slag on the Workability of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.235.
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The influences of steel slag on the compatibility of cement-superplasicizer system and workability of concrete were investigated in this study. Results show that there are differences among the effects of different steel slags on the fluidity of paste and workability of concrete. Steel slag is not so good as GGBS in improving the workability of concrete. Some steel slags have negative effects on the compatibility of cement-superplasicizer system by accelerating the fluidity loss of paste, but the negative effects can be weakened by adding superplasiticizer content to the saturation dosage. Concrete containing steel slag can get good workability by adding proper superplasiticizer amount.
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Karim, Md Rezaul, and M. F. M. Zain. "Influence of Slag and Slag Cement on the Strength of Sustainable Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3410.
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Cement is an essential constituent for the production of concrete. Nowadays, the supplementary use of cement such as industrial by-product and agricultural waste material has become an integral part of concrete construction due to their cost effective and sustainable environmental benefits. The industrial (metallurgical) by product-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) contains a non-crystalline silicon dioxide with high specific surface area and high pozzolanic reactivity. The use of GBFS either in cement or concrete has been increased due to its better performance in concrete in terms of strength and durability. In this paper, a critical review on the influence of slag and slag cement on the strength of sustainable concrete has been presented. The researches carried out in the past on the use of GBFS as partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete, basically, the strength development of GBFS blended concrete and cement are reviewed in this study. These test results confirmed that the strength of cement mortar and concrete is varied with percent of slag replacement, fineness of slag and cement used, curing temperature as well as curing method. Based on the information available in literature, slag and slag cement could be a valuable material for the production of sustainable concrete.
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Wang, Xiao-Yong, and Ki-Bong Park. "Modeling of hydration reactions to predict the properties of slag blended concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 5 (2014): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0109.
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The granulated blast furnace slag is commonly blended with Portland cement or clinker to produce slag blended cement after being ground to the fineness comparable to Portland cement. Hydration of slag-blended cement is much more complex than that of ordinary Portland cement because of the mutual interactions between the cement hydration and the slag reaction. In this paper, by considering the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of slag, a numerical procedure is proposed to simulate the hydration of concrete containing slag. The numerical procedure includes two sub components, a cement hydration model and a slag reaction model. The heat evolution rate of slag concrete is determined from the contributions of the cement hydration and the slag reaction. Furthermore, the temperature history in hardening blended concrete is evaluated by combining the proposed numerical procedure with a finite element method. The proposed model is verified through experimental data on concrete with different water–cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios.
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Yang, Hua Shan, Sheng Jin Tu, Yin Long Jin, and Wang Tao. "Performances of Belite-Rich Cement Concrete with Fly Ash and Phosphorous Slag Powder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1502.
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This paper presents the results of laboratory and outdoor exposure site studies on belite-rich cement concrete with phosphorous slag powder and fly ash. The parameters studied included strength, hydration heat, ultimate elongation, Young’s modulus, and adiabatic in temperature. The experimental results showed that belite-rich cement resulted in a higher rate of strength development of mortar and concrete at later ages when compared with that of moderate-heat Portland cement. And the hydration heat of belite-rich cement is lower than that of reference. This is due to the different phase composition of the two cements. Belite-rich cement contains less C3S but more C2S than moderate-heat Portland cement. In addition, belite-rich cement concrete with phosphorous slag powder and fly ash exhibited better performances than those of moderate-heat Portland cement concrete.
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Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, Daria, Mariusz Dąbrowski, Karolina Bogusz, and Michał A. Glinicki. "Influence of Slag Cement on the Permeability of Concrete for Biological Shielding Structures." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174582.
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Durability of concrete designed for radiation shielding structures is an important issue in nuclear power plant safety. An investigation of the permeability of concrete containing heavyweight aggregates and water-bearing aggregates was performed with respect to gaseous and liquid media. Mix design was developed using Portland and slag cement, crushed magnetite and serpentine aggregate. The use of slag cement in concrete containing magnetite and serpentine aggregates resulted in the substantial improvement of the compressive strength in comparison with Portland cement concrete. The application of slag cement was found to reduce the chloride ingress, regardless of the special aggregate use. The coefficient of chloride migration was within the range 5 ÷ 8 × 10−12 m2/s and 17 ÷ 25 × 10−12 m2/s for slag cement concrete and Portland cement concrete, respectively. At the same time, the carbonation depth was increased twice for slag cement concrete in comparison to Portland cement concrete. However, the maximum carbonation depth after one year of exposure to 1% CO2 was only 14 mm for slag cement concrete, and 7 mm for reference concrete. The total pore volume evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry was influenced by the type of special aggregate used. It was shown that concrete with various contents of magnetite aggregate and slag cement achieved the smallest total pore volume. While serpentine coarse aggregate caused an increase in total pore volume in comparison to concrete with magnetite aggregate.
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Feng, Jing Jing, Xiao Qing Wang, and Shan Shan Wang. "The Influence of Super-Fine Steel Slag on the Properties of High-Strength Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.941.
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The properties of the concrete with super-fine steel slag were compared with those of the pure cement concrete. Results show that the concrete with 20% super-fine steel slag has similar compressive strength, elastic modulus, and permeability with the pure cement concrete at the age of 28 and 90 days. The addition of super-fine steel slag tends to decrease the initial slump of concrete, but it has a good ability of prevention of slump loss. The concrete with super-fine steel slag has similar anti-carbonation capacity with the pure cement concrete. The concrete with 30% super-fine steel slag has lower compressive strength, lower elastic modulus, and higher permeability than the pure cement concrete.
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Wang, Shao-Dong, and Anthony S. Read. "Slag Blended Cement and Concrete." HKIE Transactions 3, no. 1 (1996): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.1996.10667693.
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Mazov, Ilya, Bekzod Khaydarov, Tamara Yudintseva, et al. "Metallurgical Slag-Based Concrete Materials Produced by Vortex Electromagnetic Activation." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.221.
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The article presents the results of utilization of blast furnace slags as a source for preparation of clinker-free cement materials for road and civil construction. Simple and high-yield approach for mechanical activation of metallurgical slag with cheap chemical modifiers using Vortex Electromagnetic Activation (VEA) technique was demonstrated to produce cement with high mechanical properties. Such approach may be used for effective and low-energy utilization of industrial scale-produced slags in concrete materials. This paper describes simple high-yield approach to produce clinker-free cement materials based on blast furnace slag (BFS) using new type of Vortex Electromagnetic Activation apparatus and cheap chemical modifiers, such as fly ash and sodium hydroxide. Using of such approach allowed us to produce clinker-free cement materials with compressive strength almost 2 times higher as compared with pure Portland Cement materials.
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Chen, Tie Jun. "Study on Full-Slag Concrete Feasibility." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1682.
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In this paper, of the slag composition, stability and slag particles indicators of concrete performance, demonstrated use of steel slag to do the Complete Works of material, steel slag powder admixture with high wear resistance, water resistance slag cement preparationthe feasibility of high-performance cement concrete.
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Yu, Xin Gang, Shi Song Luo, Yan Na Gao, et al. "Microstructure, Mineral Phases and Strength of the Foam Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.484.
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The relationship among the composition, microstructure and strength of materials is always one of the hotspots for scholars of materials research. The influence of curing time on the compressive strength and flexural strength of the foam concrete with the cement, cement-slag and cement-steel slag as main binder respectively was studied in this paper. The microstructure of these foam concrete was analyzed by SEM and the mineral phases of the foam concrete was analyzed by XRD. The relationship among the binders, microstructure, mineral phases and strength of the foam concrete were explored and the reasons of why the strength of the cement foam concrete and cement-slag foam concrete is much higher than that of the cement-steel slag foam concrete are proposed.
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Liang, Duo Qiang, Feng Qin, Xu Guang Li, and Ji Bo Jiang. "Performance of Concrete Made with Manganese Slag." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.333.
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It is of great importance to innocuity, minimization and reutilization of manganese slag generated in manganese product by electric furnace process. In the paper, ordinary Portland cement was replaced partly by manganese slag to then evaluate manganese slag’ effect on mechanical performances of them. The experimental results obtained show that ordinary Portland cement added less than 30% by manganese slag was improved in mechanical performances and the cement concrete added less than 30% by manganese slag was not changed significantly. To lower economic cost and achieve enhanced mechanical performances, manganese slag can be substituted partly to cement concrete.
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Zhuang, Yi Zhou, Er Bu Tian, and Yue Zong Lian. "Research on the Strength of High-Strength Steel Slag Concrete with Skeleton Coarse Aggregate Gradation." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1918.
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Generally the high density in high-strength concrete results in high strength, and so people often mix superplasticizer and particulate to increase the density of concrete, but ignoring the effect of coarse aggregate gradation on concrete strength. Referring to several Gradation Theories, this paper selects the coarse aggregate gradation with skeleton, uses uniform design method to test the compressive strength of high-strength concrete, and analyses the test results. It can be known from the test results of 7d and 28d concrete specimen that the concrete strength decreases linearly with water-cement ratio and sand ratio; The 7d’s concrete strength has higher variability due to low water-cement ratio with superplasticizer; The coarse aggregate skeleton is interfered by the increase of steel slag and sand rate, and the concrete strength decreases with limited cement paste. Furthermore, the steel slag with less than 30% addition has little effect on concrete strength and it can increase the cement’s possibility of contacting to water, and reduce the amount of cement without lowering the concrete strength. The influential degree on the compressive strength of concrete is followed by ascending sequence of steel slag content, sand ratio and water-cement.
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Parron-Rubio, María Eugenia, Francisca Perez-Garcia, Antonio Gonzalez-Herrera, Miguel José Oliveira, and Maria Dolores Rubio-Cintas. "Slag Substitution as a Cementing Material in Concrete: Mechanical, Physical and Environmental Properties." Materials 12, no. 18 (2019): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182845.
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A circular economy is a current tenet that must be implemented in the field of construction. That would imply the study of the possibilities of the use of waste generated, for obtaining materials the used in construction as replacements for the raw material used. One of these possibilities is the substitution of the cement by slag, which contributes to the reduction of cement consumption, decreasing CO2 emissions, while solving a waste management problem. In the present paper, different types of concrete made by cement substitution with different type of slags have been studied in order to evaluate the properties of these materials. Cement is replaced by slag from different steel mills, both blast furnace and ladle furnace slag. The percentages of slag substitution by cement are 30%, 40% and 50% by weight. Mechanical, physical and environmental properties have been evaluated. Compressive and flexural strength have been analysed as the main mechanical properties. As far as physical properties go, density and porosity tests were be reported and analysed, and from an environmental point of view, a leachate study was performed. It has been found that some kinds of slag (blast furnace slag) are very suitable as substitutes for cement, providing properties above those of the reference concrete, while other types (ladle furnace slag) could be valid for non-structural applications, contributing in both cases to a circular economy.
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Liu, Qun Di, Jia Ying Sun, and Ying Han. "Research on Performance of Steel Slag and Porous Cement Concrete Made by Steel Slag Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.306.
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Porous cement concrete, which has some superiority in environmental protection compared with normal concrete, has been more widely applied. Performance of Steel Slag and influence of the steel slag aggregate on physical and mechanical properties and durability of porous cement concrete were studied in this paper. Based on study of porous cement concrete properties, the paper puts forward several typical pavement structure forms in engineering application of porous cement concrete from finite element analysis method.
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Zhang, Lan Fang, Liu Yang, Bin Hong Fu, and Yu Yue. "Research Progress on Carbonation Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.347.
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The carbonation process in alkali-activated slag cement concrete is more complicated. This paper reviews the research progress of carbonation resistance of alkali-activated slag cement concrete at home and abroad and summarizes the existing research on carbonation. The focus is on the carbonation mechanism, test methods, influencing factors and the effect of carbonation on the performance of alkali-activated slag cement concrete. The problems existing in the current research on the anti-carbonation property of alkali-activated slag cement concrete and the issues for further research are proposed.
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Wang, Jun, and Zi Jian Zhang. "Experimental Investigation Properties on Resistance of Slag Cement Concrete to Sulfate Attack." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1049.
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The water-cement ratio and cement content are key factors which reflect the anti-penetration of the concrete. To study the slag cement concrete against sulfate attack, make two types of the slag cement concrete test blocks of which one type has the same concrete content and different water-cement ratio, while the other type has the same water-cement ratio and different concrete contents; then test the concrete test blocks on compressive strength, folding strength and weight changing after dipping them into sulfate solution and drying them for thirty and sixty times .At the same time non-damage ultrasonic test was carried out. The results show the durability of the slag cement concrete is improved with the decrease of water-cement ratio; in concrete design, there is optimum cement content which theslagcement concrete has the best resistance sulfate erosion.
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Liang, Duo Qiang, Feng Qin, Xu Guang Li, and Ji Bo Jiang. "Mechanical Performances of Concrete Made with Manganese Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1185.
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It is of great importance to innocuity, minimization and reutilization of manganese slag generated in manganese product by electric furnace process. In the paper, ordinary Portland cement was replaced partly by manganese slag to then evaluate manganese slag’ effect on mechanical performances of them. The experimental results obtained show that ordinary Portland cement added less than 30% by manganese slag was improved in mechanical performances and the cement concrete added less than 30% by manganese slag was not changed significantly. To lower economic cost and achieve enhanced mechanical performances, manganese slag can be substituted partly to cement concrete.
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Kovalcikova, Martina, Adriana Eštoková, Alena Luptáková, and Julius Strigac. "The Ability of Slag-Portland Cement Composites to Withstand Aggressive Environment." Solid State Phenomena 244 (October 2015): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.88.
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The use of separately ground blast-furnace slag, added at the mixer as a replacement for a portion of the Portland cement, has gained increasing acceptance in recent years. The effects of partial replacement of Portland cement with ground slag on the properties of hardened concrete have been extensively investigated and reported. Both laboratory testing and field experience have shown that properly proportioned slag-Portland cement concretes have the improved resistance to sulfates and seawater compared to regular Portland mixes. The paper is focused on the effects of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans on concrete mixtures with addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag compared to mixture without any additives. The concrete specimens with 65 and 75 % wt. addition of antimicrobial activated granulated blast furnace slag as durability increasing factor as well as without any addition were investigated in laboratory during the nine 7-day cycles. A laboratory study was conducted to comparison the performance of concrete samples in terms of a concrete deterioration influenced by the leaching of calcium and silicon compounds from the cement matrix. The changes in the elemental concentrations of calcium and silicon ions in leachates were measured by using X – ray fluorescence method. The pH values were measured and evaluated after each cycle. The concrete specimen with 65 % wt. addition of antimicrobial activated granulated blast furnace slag was found to have the best leaching performance of calcium ions than other samples. The final concentration of Si ions in leachate of concrete specimen with 75 % wt. addition of antimicrobial activated granulated blast furnace slag affected with bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (4.614 mg/g of concrete sample) was observed to be 1.263 times lower than reference sample without any additives. The higher resistance of concrete samples with the addition of antimicrobial activated granulated blast furnace slag to the aggressive environment was confirmed.
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Król, Anna. "Mechanisms Accompanying Chromium Release from Concrete." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081891.
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The use of mineral additives from the power and metallurgy industries in the production of building materials still raises questions about the ecological safety of such materials. These questions are particularly associated with the release of heavy metals. The article presents research related to the leaching of chromium from concretes made of Portland cement CEM I and slag cement CEM III/B (containing 75% of granulated blast furnace slag). Concrete was evaluated for leaching mechanisms that may appear during tank test over the long term (64 days). It has been presented that the dominating process associated with the leaching of chromium from both types of concrete is surface wash-off. Between the 9th and 64th day of the test, leaching of Portland cement concrete can be diffusion controlled. It has been proven that the participation of slag in the composition of concrete does not affect the level of leaching of chromium into the environment from concrete.
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Zhang, Li-Na, Wang Xiao-Yong, and Kyung-Taek Koh. "A Microstructure Based Strength Model for Slag Blended Concrete with Various Curing Temperatures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1738417.
Full textAbstract:
Ground granulated blast furnace slag, which is a byproduct obtained during steel manufacture, has been widely used for concrete structures in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve durability. This paper presents a numerical model to evaluate compressive strength development of slag blended concrete at isothermal curing temperatures and time varying curing temperatures. First, the numerical model starts with a cement-slag blended hydration model which simulates both cement hydration and slag reaction. The accelerations of cement hydration and slag reaction at elevated temperatures are modeled by Arrhenius law. Second, the gel-space ratios of hardening concrete are calculated using reaction degrees of cement and slag. Using a modified Powers’ gel-space ratio strength theory, the strength of slag blended concrete is evaluated considering both strengthening factors and weakening factors involved in strength development process. The proposed model is verified using experimental results of strength development of slag blended concrete with different slag contents and different curing temperatures.
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Noor Azline, M. N., Farah Nora Aznieta Abd Aziz, and Arafa Suleiman Juma. "Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Compressive Strength of POFA Blended Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.142.
Full textAbstract:
The article reports a laboratory experimental programme that investigated effect of ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) on compressive strength of POFA ternary concrete. Compressive strength tests were performed at a range of cements combinations, including 100%PC, two POFA levels for binary concrete, 35% and 45%, and 15%GGBS inclusion for POFA ternary concrete. The compressive strength results were examined in comparison to PC only and equivalent POFA binary concretes for up to 28 days. Results show that the reduction in compressive strength is greater with the higher cement replacement level for all concretes particularly for POFA binary concretes. However, 15%GGBS in POFA blended concrete has a comparable compressive strength compared to PC concrete at both, 35% and 45%, cement replacement levels except for ternary concrete at 0.65 w/c. In addition, the compressive strength of ternary concrete is slightly higher compared to binary concrete for all concrete combinations. Although there is no significant noticeable influence on strength development, the presence of GGBS did not adverse the strength development of POFA blended concrete. Thus, it can be concluded that GGBS compensates the adverse effect of POFA at early strength development.
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Zhu, Jian Ping, Qi Lei Guo, Xiang Gao, and Dong Xu Li. "Influence of Steel Slag on Compressive Strength and Durability of Concrete." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1051.
Full textAbstract:
The present research study investigates the compressive and durable properties of concretes with steel slag, a by-product of the conversion process of iron to steel. For this purpose, a reference sample and twenty-four concretes containing steel slag were tested. The steel slag fraction used was “5–20 mm”, and the surface area of steel slag powder was 450m2/kg. Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, and chloride penetration properties were measured. It is concluded that steel slag can be used in the production of concrete. In addition, the steel slag concretes present satisfactory physical properties. When proper amount of steel slag powder and steel slag fraction were used the concrete properties can be better than the blank one. Keywords: Steel slag, cement, coarse aggregate, concrete, durability
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Rivera, Rosa Abnelia, Miguel Ángel Sanjuán, Domingo Alfonso Martín, and Jorge Luis Costafreda. "Performance of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Coal Fly Ash Ternary Portland Cements Exposed to Natural Carbonation." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123239.
Full textAbstract:
Ternary Portland cements are new cementitious materials that contain different amounts of cement replacements. Ternary Portland cements composed of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), coal fly ash (CFA), and clinker (K) can afford some environmental advantages by lowering the Portland cement clinker use. Accordingly, this is an opportunity to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Furthermore, GBFS and CFA possess pozzolanic properties and enhance the mechanical strength and durability at later ages. Compressive strength and natural carbonation tests were performed in mortar and concrete. Cement-based materials made with GBFS and/or CFA presented a delay in the compressive strength development. In addition, they exhibited lower carbonation resistance than that of mortar and concrete made with plain Portland cements. Concrete reinforcement remains passive in common conditions; however, it could be corroded if the concrete pore solution pH drops due to the carbonation process. Service life estimation was performed for the ternary cements regarding the carbonation process. This information can be useful to material and civil engineers in designing concretes made with these ternary cements.
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Liang, Duo Qiang, Feng Qin, and Ji Bo Jiang. "Road Performance of Concrete Incorporating Manganese Slag." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.457.
Full textAbstract:
It’s of great importance to innocuity, minimization and reutilization of manganese slag generated in manganese product by electric furnace process. In the paper, ordinary Portland cement was incorporated by manganese slag, and then mechanical tests were performed to obtain the fundamental properties of the cement stabilized material in order to analyze the road performance of cement stabilized layer. The obtained experimental results showed that the manganese slag cement replaced by 2~6%( wt) manganese slag has better road performance such as mechanical properties, hydro-abrasive erosion and chemical corrosion resistance.
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Wang, Hai Long, Xiao Yan Sun, Qi Wen Peng, and Feng Xue. "Durability and Mechanical Behaviors of Steel Slag Powder Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.58.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete containing steel slag powder (SSP), silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were presented in this study. The fresh concrete properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength, elastic modulus, stress-stain curve, chloride permeability as well as carbonation of concretes mixed with different SSP contents or concretes containing compound mineral admixture were tested. The experimental results reveal that the mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete with 10% SSP replacing cement are both improved than that of the reference concrete. Mechanical behaviors and durability of concrete with 20% SSP replacing cement are similar to the reference concrete. Concrete with compound mineral admixture of SSP and SF obtain the highest enhancement in both strength and chloride resistance.
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Chen, Qi Zhi, and Duo Qiang Liang. "Performances of Manganese Slag Cement." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.450.
Full textAbstract:
It is of great importance to innocuity, minimization and reutilization of manganese slag generated in manganese products by electric furnace process. In the paper, ordinary Portland cement is replaced by manganese slag part then to evaluate manganese slag's influence on the mechanical properties. The experimental results obtained show that ordinary Portland cement added less than 20% by manganese slag was improved in mechanical performances and the cement concrete added less than 20% by manganese slag was not changed significantly. To reduce the economic costs, enhance mechanical properties, manganese slag can replace part of cement concrete.
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Lee, Mi Hwa, Bae Su Khil, and Hyun Do Yun. "Thermal Analysis of Hydration Heat in Mass Concrete with Different Cement Binder Proportions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.199.
Full textAbstract:
This study is conducted to evaluate analytically the effect of cement binder proportions (ordinary Portland cement, blast-furnace slag and fly ash) on the hydration heat of mass concrete with specific compressive strength of 30 MPa. Two types of blended concretes were mixed; binder of PSLB_352 consists of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) : blast-furnace slag (BFS) : fly ash (FA) = 3 : 5 : 2 and binder of PSLB_442 comprise OPC : BSF : FA = 4 : 4 : 2. For comparison, a control concrete mixture was mixed with commercial low-heat cement. To measure temperature characteristics due to hydration heat of each mixture, large concrete blocks were cast and temperature within concrete blocks was measured until the equilibrium temperature was reached. Finite element model was developed for predicting hydration heat of mass concrete based on thermal characteristics of mass concrete derived from large concrete blocks. The effect of cement binder proportions on the hydration heat of mat foundation was evaluated by developed finite element model.
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Bazhenova, Olga, Sofia Bazhenova, V. Nemirova, and Dmitriy Bazhenov. "The clays after heat treatment as the concrete active mineral additive." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003021.
Full textAbstract:
Active mineral additives are one of the most common components of cement systems now. They are entered cements of increase in extent of hydration, the directed formation of structure of a cement stone from more stable hydrate phases of the lowered basicity, for the purpose of improvement of construction and technical properties of cements, by cutting of costs of fuel raw material resources for their production, giving to cements of some specific properties. In work the possibility of use as active mineral additives not only the granulated slags, but also local clays which industrially can give certain puzzolan properties are considered. It is proved that heat treatment of clay breeds significantly increases their puzzolan activity that does them suitable for use as active mineral additive instead of the domain granulated slag by production of the portland cement.
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Li, Yun Feng. "Microstructure and Properties of High Performance Concrete with Steel Slag Powder." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.503.
Full textAbstract:
As an active admixture, super fine steel slag powder can be mixed into concrete to produce high performance concrete. The microstructures between cement paste mixed with steel slag powder and plain cement paste are experimentally studied. The SEM of the microstructures shows that microstructure of cement paste are changed by active mineral admixture, the internal structure of the cement paste are improved. Drying shrinkage of cement mortar with different steel slag kinds and different dosage of admixtures are measured. Experiments results show the effect of steel slag powder on drying shrinkage of cement mortar.
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Martauz, Pavel, Vojtěch Václavík, and Branislav Cvopa. "The Influence of the Environment on the Properties of Hybrid Cement-Based Concrete with Steel and Air-Cooled Slags." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091087.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents the results of research that dealt with the development of non-traditional concrete using a hybrid alkali-activated cement. It is concrete based on by-products from a metallurgical plant that replaced 100% of the natural aggregates. Steel slag (CSS, fraction: 0/8 mm) was used as a filler in combination with air-cooled slag (ACBFS, fraction: 8/16 mm and 16/32 mm). Portland blended cement (CEM II/B-S 42.5N) and H-CEMENT were used as binding components in the development of the concrete mixture designs. Both of these cements were produced by Považská cementáreň, a.s., Ladce. Attention was focused on testing the physical and mechanical properties of the developed concretes in various environments. An aqueous environment was selected as the first environment for the placement of test specimens (cubes with 150 mm edges and prisms with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 400 mm3) according to the ČSN EN 206-1 standard and the outdoor environment (August to October). The determination of the cube strength was made after 7, 28, and 90 days, the determination of the flexural and compressive strength was made at the end of the prisms, and the determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity was made after 28 days on the prisms. The test results of the test specimens, which were placed in two environments, were compared and it was found that, after 90 days, the outdoor environment caused a decrease in the concrete’s strength characteristics when using Portland blended cement (CEM II/ B-S 42.5N) of about 8%; in contrast, when using H-CEMENT, the concrete’s strength increased by about 14%. The use of H-CEMENT and the addition of PUZZOLANIT in the amount of 30% in combination with CEM II/B-S 42.5N in the amount of 70% reduced the decrease in the strength of the concrete after 90 days by about 3%. The research results confirm the suitability of using H-CEMENT and the addition of PUZZOLANIT for the production of concrete based on steel slag (CSS) and air-cooled slag (ACBFS).
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Zhong, Wen Huan, Tung Hsuan Lu, and Wei Hsing Huang. "Alkali-Activated EAF Reducing Slag as Binder for Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.580.
Full textAbstract:
Electric arc furnace (EAF) reducing slag is the by-product of EAF steel-making. Currently, reducing slag is considered a waste material by the industry in Taiwan. Since the chemical content of reducing slag is similar to blast furnace slag (BFS), it is expected that reducing slag exhibits a similar pozzolanic effect as the BFS. This study used alkaline activator consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to improve the activity of reductive slag so as to replace Portland cement as binder in concrete. Some BFS was used to blend with the reducing slag to enhance the binding quality of alkali-activated mixes. The results show that a blend of 50% BFS and 50% reducing slag can be activated successively with alkali. Also, the sulfate resistance of concrete made with alkali-activated EAF reducing slag is found to be better than that of concrete made with portland cement, while the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated EAF reducing slag concrete is greater than that of portland cement concrete.
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Parniani, Sasan, Mohd Warid Hussin, and Farnoud Rahimi Mansour. "Compressive Strength of High Volume Slag Cement Concrete in High Temperature Curing." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.793.
Full textAbstract:
Recent consideration has been given to use of GGBFS as separate cementitious material mixed along with Portland cement in production of concrete. Problems are frequently encountered in producing good-quality concrete specially slag cement concrete in hot climates.Curing problems are exaggerated when concreting in hot weather, as a result of both higher concrete temperatures and increased rate of evaporation from the fresh mix. The disadvantage of GGBFS concretes is that they proved to be more sensitive to poor curing than OPC Therefore, special care must be taken when using this type of concrete, especially on site, where the working conditions and the application of curing are not as easy to control as in the laboratory concrete. The purpose of this paper is investigation and evaluation strength loss in slag cement concrete in poor curing situation. To carry out this aim, 72 cube specimens with three different proportion of slag are made and cured in two different conditions. And result of compressive tests compared together to determine susceptibility of GGBFS concrete in hot-dry condition.
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Król, Anna, Zbigniew Giergiczny, and Justyna Kuterasińska-Warwas. "Properties of Concrete Made with Low-Emission Cements CEM II/C-M and CEM VI." Materials 13, no. 10 (2020): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102257.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the composition and properties of low-emission ternary cements: Portland multicomponent cement CEM II/C-M and multicomponent cement CEM VI. In the ternary cements, Portland clinker was replaced at the levels of 40% and 55% with a mixture of the main components such as limestone (LL), granulated blast furnace slag (S) and siliceous fly ash (V). Portland multicomponent cements CEM II/C-M and CEM VI are low-emission binders with CO2 emissions ranging from 340 (CEM VI) kg to 453 (CEM II/C-M) kg per Mg of cement. The results obtained indicate the possibility of a wider use of ground limestone (LL) in cement composition. This is important in the case of limited market availability of fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag. The tests conducted on concrete have shown that the necessary condition for obtaining a high strength class and durability of concrete from CEM II/C-M and CEM VI ternary cements is low water–cement ratio. Durability characteristics of concrete (carbonation susceptibility, chloride ion permeation, frost resistance) made of CEM II/C-M and CEM VI cements were determined after 90 days of hardening. This period of curing reflects the performance properties of the concrete in a more effective way.
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Malhotra, V. M. "Mechanical properties and freezing and thawing durability of concrete incorporating a ground granulated blast-furnace slag." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 2 (1989): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-029.
Full textAbstract:
This paper gives the results of laboratory invstigations to determine the mechanical properties and freezing and thawing durability of concrete incorporating a granulated blast-furnace slag from a Canadian source. A series of fifteen 0.06 m3 concrete mixtures were made with water-to-(cement + slag) ratios (W/(C + S)) ranging from 0.70 to 0.45. The percentage of slag used as a partial replacement for normal portland cement ranged from 0 to 100% by weight. All mixtures were air entrained. A number of test cylinders and prisms were cast for determining the mechanical properties and freezing and thawing resistance of concrete.The test results indicate that the ground granulated blast-furnace slag can be used with advantage as a partial replacement for portland cement in concrete at 50% or lower replacement levels, especially at W/(C + S) of the order of 0.55 or lower. At 28 days, irrespective of the W/(C + S) and regardless of the percentage replacement of the cement by the slag investigated, the compressive strength of the concrete incorporating slag is comparable with that of the concrete made with normal portland cement. At all W/(C + S) and at all percentages of replacement, the flexural strength of the slag concrete is comparable with or greater than the corresponding strength of the control concrete. Durability of air-entrained slag concrete exposed to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing is satisfactory as evidenced by the high durability factors achieved. Key words: granulated slag, bleeding, time of setting, concrete, strength, freezing and thawing, shrinkage, creep, abrasion.
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Qin, Yi. "Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Non-Clinker Slag Cement Concretes." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1566.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of non-clinker slag cement concretes depends on the alkalinity of water quench blast furnace slag, the chemical composition, the rate of vitrification and the type and quantity of excitant. Non-clinker slag cement concretes was prepared with phosphorus gypsum as the excitant. by using the method compare with ordinary cement concrete（OPC）,We test strength and the bond strength of reinforced. The result showing, the Workability of NSC is better than OPC, the early strength lies in the ettringite and Approaching OPC. The long-term intensity lies in the C-S-H and Far more than OPC.
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Zhu, G., Y. Hao, C. Xia, Y. Zhang, T. Hu, and S. Sun. "Study on cementitious properties of steel slag." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120810006z.
Full textAbstract:
The converter steel slag chemical and mineral components in China?s main steel plants have been analysed in the present paper. The electronic microscope, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the main mineral compositions in the converter slag. Converter slag of different components were grounded to obtain a powder with specific surface area over 400m2/kg, making them to take place some part of the cement in the concrete as the admixture and carry out the standard tests. The results indicate that the converter slag can be used as cementitious materials for construction. Furthermore, physical mechanic and durability tests on the concrete that certain amount of cement be substituted by converter steel slag powder from different steel plants are carried out, the results show that the concrete with partial substitution of steel slag powder has the advantages of higher later period strength, better frost resistance, good wear resistance and lower hydration heat, etc. This study can be used as the technical basis for ?Steel Slag Powder Used For Cement And Concrete?, ?Steel Slag Portland Cement?, ?Low Heat Portland Steel Slag Cement?, ?Steel Slag Road Cement? in China, as well as a driving force to the works of steel slag utilization with high-value addition, circular economy, energy conservation and discharge reduction in the iron and steel industry.
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Gilyazidinova, Natalya, Evgeniy Shabanov, and Xuesheng Liu. "Use of Slag Concrete in Construction of Underground Structures and Mines." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910501039.
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The paper considers the possibility of using slag concrete in underground construction. Technological parameters for production of slag concrete with the set properties are defined. The influence of the composition of slag concrete used in the conditions of mine construction on the change of physical and mechanical characteristics, durability and stability is determined. The limits of technological parameters of slag concrete preparation are established. The possibilities of combined use of blast-furnace slags and clinkers for concrete in mine construction are substantiated. The chemical composition of blast furnace slag and the possibility of its application in the composition of concrete is described, the interaction of an aggregate - Portland cement with blast furnace slag is studied. The technique for conducting experiments to determine the rate of strength gain of different types of concrete is described. The rate of strength gains of heavy concrete and the rate of strength gain of slag concrete with additives and without additives have been compared. The possibility of application of this slag concrete in the process of concreting with the use of sliding formwork has been studied.
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Thomas, Michael, Laurent Barcelo, Bruce Blair, Kevin Cail, Anik Delagrave, and Ken Kazanis. "Lowering the Carbon Footprint of Concrete by Reducing Clinker Content of Cement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2290, no. 1 (2012): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2290-13.
Full textAbstract:
Significant efforts have been made to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with the manufacture of portland cement, primarily by making the process more energy efficient and increasing the use of alternative fuels. Further reductions in CO2 can be achieved by lowering the clinker component of the cement because the pyroprocessing used to manufacture clinker produces approximately 1 tonne of CO2 for every tonne of clinker. Traditionally reductions in the clinker content of cement have been achieved by producing blended cement consisting of portland cement combined with a supplementary cementing material (SCM). In Canada, it is now permitted to intergrind up to 15% limestone with cement clinker to produce portland limestone cement or blended portland limestone cement. Recent trials were conducted at the Brookfield cement plant in Nova Scotia to evaluate the performance of a blended cement containing 15% ground, granulated blast furnace slag (an SCM) with that of a blended portland limestone cement containing the same amount of slag plus 12% interground limestone. Performance was evaluated by the construction of a section of concrete pavement using concrete mixtures produced with the two cements and various amounts of fly ash (another SCM). A wide range of laboratory tests were performed on the concrete specimens cast on site during the placement of the concrete pavement. The results indicated that the cements were of equivalent performance.
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Yang, Jun, Qiang Wang, and Yuqi Zhou. "Influence of Curing Time on the Drying Shrinkage of Concretes with Different Binders and Water-to-Binder Ratios." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2695435.
Full textAbstract:
Plain cement concrete, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) concrete, and fly ash concrete were designed. Three wet curing periods were employed, which were 2, 5, and 8 days. The drying shrinkage values of the concretes were measured within 1 year after wet curing. The results show that the increasing rate of the drying shrinkage of concrete containing a mineral admixture at late age is higher than that of plain cement concrete regardless of the wet curing time. With the reduction of wet curing time, the increment of total drying shrinkage of concrete decreases with the decrease of the W/B ratio. The negative effects on the drying shrinkage of fly ash concrete due to the reduction of the wet curing time are much more obvious than those of GGBS concrete and plain cement concrete. Superfine ground granulated blast furnace slag (SGGBS) can reduce the drying shrinkage of GGBS concrete and fly ash concrete when the wet curing time is insufficient.
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Sun, Jia Ying, and Fu Dan Chen. "Experimental Study of the Soundness and Compatibility of Baosteel Steel-Slag Powder Applied in Cement Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.679.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce the cost and improve concrete performance, massive admixtures were needed to be added to the concrete. With the research going, the high quality mixture is increasingly becoming the indispensable concrete component. The steel slag powder is the steel-slag comprehensive utilization technical commanding point compared with the level of the steel slag application nowadays in the world. In order to develop the application of the steel slag fine powder in cement concrete domain, this article analyzes autoclaved soundness of the Baosteel steel-slag fine powder as well as the compatibility of it with the cement and the concrete admixtures.
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Szcześniak, Anna, Jacek Zychowicz, and Adam Stolarski. "Influence of Fly Ash Additive on the Properties of Concrete with Slag Cement." Materials 13, no. 15 (2020): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153265.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents research on the impact of fly ash addition on selected physical and mechanical parameters of concrete made with slag cement. Experimental tests were carried out to measure the migration of chloride ions in concrete, the tightness of concrete exposed to water under pressure, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete during splitting. Six series of concrete mixes made with CEM IIIA 42.5 and 32.5 cement were tested. The base concrete mix was modified by adding fly ash as a partial cement substitute in the amounts of 25% and 33%. A comparative analysis of the obtained results indicates a significant improvement in tightness, especially in concrete based on CEM IIIA 32.5 cement and resistance to chloride ion penetration for the concretes containing fly ash additive. In the concretes containing fly ash additive, a slower rate of initial strength increase and high strength over a long period of maturation are shown. In accordance with the presented research results, it is suggested that changes to the European standardization system be considered, to allow the use of fly ash additive in concrete made with CEM IIIA 42.5 or 32.5 cement classes. Such a solution is not currently acceptable in standards in some European Countries.