Academic literature on the topic 'Concrete without cement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concrete without cement"
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Kapelko, Aleksander. "POSSIBILITIES OF CEMENT CONTENT REDUCTION IN CONCRETES WITH ADMIXTURE OF SUPERPLASTICISER SNF." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 2 (2006): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636383.
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The problem of the possibility of cement saving in concretes with admixture of sodium salt of formaldehydic polycondensates of sulphonic‐napthalene acids (SNF) is presented. Executed investigations show a strong plastifying performance of this admixture as well as an elongation of setting time of Portland cements. On adding 1,5 % of admixture it is possible to obtain a substantial saving of cement with simultaneous reduction of water amount (constant W/C ratio), without a change of consistency of concrete mixture apparent density, compressive strength, absorption and water penetration of concrete. For the estimation of economic effectiveness of superplasticiser SNF it is proposed to introduce an index of cement saving Sc and an index of cement utilisation in concretes Iec .
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Xing, Zhen Xian, and Yi Xing. "Experimental Study on Application Properties of Macroporous Ecological Concrete without Sand." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.901.
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This paper suggests that deposition paste area is one of those leading control indicators of mix proportion design for the macroporous ecological concrete without sand. By analyzing the effect of water-cement ratio, amount of cement, and type of coarse aggregates on application properties of concrete, it puts forward that when carrying out the mix proportion design of the concrete, setting the water-cement ratio as 0.4 can help the macroporous ecological concrete without sand acquire satisfying application properties. Based on this idea, experiments to the later period strengths and the erosion resistance property of concretes are tried out. Finally, the result of this series of experiments shows that the macroporous ecological concrete without sand possesses necessary conditions for plants to survive and grow up.
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Kubissa, Wojciech, Barbara Pacewska, and Iwona Wilińska. "Comparative Investigations of some Properties Related to Durability of Cement Concretes Containing Different Fly Ashes." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.154.
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The results of research of mechanical properties and selected other characteristics influencing durability of cement concretes containing cement substitutes were presented. Cement concretes performed with conventional fly ash, fluidised fly ash and their mixture were investigated. The obtained results were compared with findings registered for two types of concrete performed without cement replacements and with cement concrete containing silica fume. The results have shown that cement concrete with predetermined 28-day compressive strength of about 50 MPa and good workability may be obtained using different cement replacements. Generally, these cement concretes exhibited also favorable properties related to concrete durability, i.e. low permeability and sorptivity, and significant reduction of chloride migration coefficient. Favourable results were obtained for cement concrete containing mix of conventional and fluidised fly ashes: good workability, compressive strength after 28th day exceeding 50 MPa, low permeability of water, and low sorptivity, as well as low coefficient of chloride migration. These features were similar as for cement concrete containing silica fume.
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Ogrodnik, Paweł, and Jacek Szulej. "Structural steel bond to concrete with waste aggregate." SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185702007.
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The article presents the results of bond tests of B500SP structural steel to concretes subjected to thermal stress. Concretes were designed purely on the basis on waste aggregate made of soft clay pottery with using two types of cements: Portland CEM 32.5R and aluminous cement Górkal 70. In the research was used the method of direct pulling the steel rod out of the concrete cover (Pullout Test). For the tests were prepared four types of concretes: two bases of aluminous cement and two on Portland cement without additions. In the remaining mixtures containing the additive in the form of clinoptilolite, the method of simple weight replacement of the selected type of cement with clinoptilolite in the amount of 10% was used. Mineral puzzolana additives are intended to modify the phase composition of hardened cement slurry towards reducing the portlandite and changing the CaO/SiO2 ratio in the C-S-H phase. The results of the tests confirmed that the bond of the selected steel type to concrete on the recycle aggregate does not differ from the results achieved with natural aggregate. It was also confirmed that addition of clinoptilolite to concrete with Portland cement has beneficial effect when it is subjected to thermal stress.
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Sedlmajer, Martin, Adam Hubáček, and Pavla Rovnaníková. "Properties of Concretes with Admixture of Natural Zeolite." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.106.
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Natural zeolite is one of the raw materials whose application can reduce the content of cement in concrete. The reasons for the constant reduction of the amount of cement are not only its economical demands but also a strain on the environment. The paper describes basic characteristics of concretes with increasing substitution of cement with zeolite. The designed concretes with natural zeolite are being compared with a reference concrete without zeolite.
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Mansour, Sabria Malika. "Use of Natural Pyrophyllite as Cement Substitution in Ultra Performance Polypropylene Fiber Concrete." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 56 (October 4, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.56.123.
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The present work investigates the use of an alumino-silicate material, the pyrophyllite as cement substitution, synthetic polypropylene fibers and binder to create an unusual ultra-performance fiber concrete; new composite, which offers a wide field of possible use in construction industry. Effect of pyrophyllite on the physical-mechanical properties is analyzed. One reference fiber concrete without pyrophyllite and three fiber concretes containing 10%, 20%, 30% of pyrophyllite were elaborated. Results show that the pyrophyllite affects the characteristics of the concrete. Indeed, in the hardened state, the density of fiber concrete decreased with pyrophyllite rate increasing. Moreover, the use of pyrophyllite slows down the hardening process of concrete, consequently producing at early ages, compressive, flexural and tensile strengths and elastic modulus of concretes approaching without exceeding those of the reference fiber concrete. The fiber concretes are also considered to be of good quality. It seems that the rate of 10 % of pyrophyllite generates the best physical-mechanical performances that approach those of the reference fiber concrete. The use of pyrophyllite as a cement substitution is beneficial since it can help to decrease the production of cement; the amount of CO2 released and protects the environment.
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Tan, Kiang Hwee, and Hongjian Du. "Towards a sustainable concrete: “sandless” concrete." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 18, no. 1-2 (2011): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm.2011.013.
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AbstractAs a step towards ensuring the sustainability of concrete as a construction material, an investigation was carried out on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete made without natural sand, termed “sandless” concrete, and with cement partially replaced by fly ash. Four groups of concrete mixes, with water-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55, respectively, were studied. For each w/c ratio, there were six mixes with 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement content replaced by fly ash by mass, and one normal concrete mix containing natural sand. The difference in mechanical properties between normal and “sandless” concrete was not significant. “Sandless” concrete mixes with cement replaced by fly ash by <30% showed comparable compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths as those without fly ash. However, the elastic modulus was reduced with the incorporation of fly ash. In addition, use of fly ash led to reduced drying shrinkage of “sandless” concrete, and significantly improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration. The resistance to sulfate attack, on the other hand, seemed to decrease with higher fly ash content. From the study, it appears that “sandless” concrete with cement replaced by fly ash up to 30% could be considered for structural applications.
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Askar Zhambulovich, Aimenov, Khudyakova Tatyana Mikhailovna, Sarsenbayev Bakytzhan Kudaibergenovich, Dzhakipbekova Nagima Ormanovna, Ali Khalid Abdul Khalim Kheidar, and Alvein Yaser Mukhamed Ali. "Studying the Mineral Additives Effect on a Composition and Properties of a Composite Binding Agent." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 1945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404031.
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A Portland cement is a basic initial component for concrete and reinforced concrete manufacture, which defines their technical-economic and operational properties. One of a perspective ways of increase in the efficiency of cement production without essential change of its technology is inclusion of various mineral additives influencing on a structure and properties of a cement stone. As power inputs make the most part of the costs necessary for cement manufacture, the cement industry is interested in decrease in fuel and electric power expenditures per 1 tonne of cement. To reach the decrease in power inputs and at the same time to raise the environmental safety of cement production the cement industry is recently focused on increase in output of composite cements. Composite cements not only promote optimization of the production in terms of ecology, but also can provide such technical advantages as lower hydration heat, higher chemical resistance and placeability.
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Ostrowski, Mikołaj, Paweł Pichniarczyk, and Grzegorz Kądzielawski. "Ecological and technological effects of using concretes with low Portland clinker." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201021.
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Concrete with a low Portland clinker content involves the use of mineral additives as a cement component or as a additive in a concrete mix. The main factors influencing the increasing use of mineral additives in concrete technology are the advantageous development of the functional properties of the concrete mix, hardened concrete and a large impact on the ecological effects, including reduction of CO2 emissions. The use of concrete with a low Portland clinker content is part of the strategy for sustainable development of the economy. This paper describes the technological and ecological effects of using silica fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag additives in concretes with a low Portland clinker content. The cement and concrete additives used were mechanically activated, which allowed to reduce the content of Portland clinker in concrete. A new generation superplasticizer was used in the research, enabling a low water-cement ratio to be obtained. The mechanical properties and ecological effects of the production and use of concretes with a low content of Portland clinker were determined, including the reduction of CO2 emissions. Test results confirmed the very good mechanical properties of concrete with a high content of mechanically activated mineral additives. The research also showed an average of 3 times lower CO2 emissions compared to reference concretes made of CEM I Portland cement without additives.
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Letelier, Viviana, José Ortega, Ester Tarela, Pedro Muñoz, Bastián Henríquez-Jara, and Giacomo Moriconi. "Mechanical Performance of Eco-Friendly Concretes with Volcanic Powder and Recycled Concrete Aggregates." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093036.
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At present, reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry is a major subject of study. In terms of the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), most recently conducted studies have shown that the use of a limited percentage of those aggregates does not significantly affect the properties of concretes. This work analysed the mechanical properties of medium-strength concretes with a high contribution to sustainability, where cement and natural coarse aggregates (NCA) were partially replaced by volcanic powder (VP) and RCA, respectively. Three mixing ratios of VP replacement were tested in concretes without RCA and concretes with 30% RCA replacing NCA. Results show that when VP is used without RCA, up to 10% of the cement can be replaced by VP without a significant loss in the mechanical properties. When a combination of 5% VP and 30% RCA is used, the weakness of the recycled concrete is strengthened, obtaining stronger concretes than a control concrete with no recycled materials. Finally, the greenhouse gas assessment showed that the simultaneous incorporation of VP and RCA reduces CO2 emissions produced in the manufacture of concrete by up to 13.6%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concrete without cement"
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Slabbert, Michael Charles. "Utilising waste products from Kwinana industries to manufacture low specification geopolymer concrete." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/606.
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One technology that makes concrete without cement and does not have the associated carbon footprint is geopolymer concrete. This technology utilizes waste fly ash from power stations and mixes it with activating chemicals to form a binder with similar or better properties than cement. Not only does this technology directly reduce carbon emissions by replacing cement it also utilizes the waste bi-product from power stations and prevents it from going to landfill. Concrete is composed of coarse aggregates, sand and cementitious paste. It seemed possible to make geopolymer concrete from 100% waste. The aggregates would come from recycled concrete and hard brittle bottom ash from power stations, the sand would come from foundries and the fly ash binder would also come from the same power station as the bottom ash. All of these materials are waste and would all be dumped in landfill. Where would one find all these waste materials in one place? The industrial suburb of Kwinana outside Perth is home to a large number of industries producing all these wastes. To find products that have a specification that these materials would suit was a material with a relatively low specification, one such specification is the concrete masonry units’ specification. For this to be adopted the mix design would then have to be altered to a drier type mix without any slump. As recycling facilities do not make a range of products it was decided to crush the aggregates in the laboratory specifically for this research and to blend all the waste materials. Numerous combinations were blended, analysed and assessed to establish which blends would best suit the aims and scope of this research. Eventually three blends were selected that encompassed all the waste products.To find the right mix design proved challenging as these masonry products generally require a mix to have zero slump. It was decided to test across all the known and analysed water to geopolymer solids ratios for each of the mixes and establish the best mix based on compressive strength, workability and slump A known mix design based on research into low calcium Class F geopolymer concrete, developed at Curtin University using natural aggregates, was applied to these selected recycled waste mix designs. The benefit was to be able to compare the results of this research to a known result. Flash setting, an unknown phenomenon in geopolymer concrete, did occur in the low water mixes, but in spite of this, geopolymer concrete was successfully manufactured. The compressive strengths were substantially lower than those of the design mix and more research is required in this regard, however an indirect relationship was observed between the amount of bottom ash and the compressive strength. The high degree of LOI (loss of ignition) in both ashes, porosity of recycled aggregates, angularity, degree of fineness of the fines and flash setting are all possible factors influencing the properties of the geopolymer concrete. More research is recommended in a number of these areas to be able to understand and develop this technology further in order to make this a practical and robust technology in the quest to find solutions to our warming planet and our changing climate.
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Slabbert, Michael Charles. "Utilising waste products from Kwinana industries to manufacture low specification geopolymer concrete." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117996.
Full textAbstract:
One technology that makes concrete without cement and does not have the associated carbon footprint is geopolymer concrete. This technology utilizes waste fly ash from power stations and mixes it with activating chemicals to form a binder with similar or better properties than cement. Not only does this technology directly reduce carbon emissions by replacing cement it also utilizes the waste bi-product from power stations and prevents it from going to landfill. Concrete is composed of coarse aggregates, sand and cementitious paste. It seemed possible to make geopolymer concrete from 100% waste. The aggregates would come from recycled concrete and hard brittle bottom ash from power stations, the sand would come from foundries and the fly ash binder would also come from the same power station as the bottom ash. All of these materials are waste and would all be dumped in landfill. Where would one find all these waste materials in one place? The industrial suburb of Kwinana outside Perth is home to a large number of industries producing all these wastes. To find products that have a specification that these materials would suit was a material with a relatively low specification, one such specification is the concrete masonry units’ specification. For this to be adopted the mix design would then have to be altered to a drier type mix without any slump. As recycling facilities do not make a range of products it was decided to crush the aggregates in the laboratory specifically for this research and to blend all the waste materials. Numerous combinations were blended, analysed and assessed to establish which blends would best suit the aims and scope of this research. Eventually three blends were selected that encompassed all the waste products.<br>To find the right mix design proved challenging as these masonry products generally require a mix to have zero slump. It was decided to test across all the known and analysed water to geopolymer solids ratios for each of the mixes and establish the best mix based on compressive strength, workability and slump A known mix design based on research into low calcium Class F geopolymer concrete, developed at Curtin University using natural aggregates, was applied to these selected recycled waste mix designs. The benefit was to be able to compare the results of this research to a known result. Flash setting, an unknown phenomenon in geopolymer concrete, did occur in the low water mixes, but in spite of this, geopolymer concrete was successfully manufactured. The compressive strengths were substantially lower than those of the design mix and more research is required in this regard, however an indirect relationship was observed between the amount of bottom ash and the compressive strength. The high degree of LOI (loss of ignition) in both ashes, porosity of recycled aggregates, angularity, degree of fineness of the fines and flash setting are all possible factors influencing the properties of the geopolymer concrete. More research is recommended in a number of these areas to be able to understand and develop this technology further in order to make this a practical and robust technology in the quest to find solutions to our warming planet and our changing climate.
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Liu, Ts''ang Hao, and 劉倉豪. "Shear Behavior of Low cement High-Performance Concrete Beams Without Stirrups." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03513843958235526845.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>土木工程學系<br>86<br>The purpose of the study is to investigate the shear
behavior of high performance concrete (HPC) beam and the low
cement high performance concrete (LcHPC) beam with a cement
content of 250 kg/cm3. Fourteen full scale specimens without
stirrups were made for testing. The considered parameters
include the shear-span to effective depth ratio (a/d), the
percentage of longitudinal steel content (ρ) and the different
amount of cement. The results show that the shear strength at
cracking increase as a/d decrease and as ρ increase for both
HPC beams and LcHPC beams. It happens to the shear strength at
failure, too. And there is no obvious differences of shear
behavior between HPC beams and LcHPC beams when a/d equals to
3.0. When the a/d equals to 1.5, LcHPC beams will have larger
shear strength than that of HPC beams at failure. Moreover, the
LcHPC beams also show better crack control than the HPC beams.
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Tan, Siao-Cih, and 譚筱慈. "The Proportion of Defulsurization/Granulated Slag Recovery on the Concrete Without Portland Cement." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34382375966220541653.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>97<br>Desulfurization slag in the Chinese Steel Company has high pH value and can offer the alkaline environment, promote the hydration rate of slag. It makes concrete without portland cement it in order to use the desulphurization slag to apply to civil construction in a large amount.This research makes cement with slag and desulphurization slag, attempt to add super plasticizer, fly ash and natural coarse aggregate in order to promote the intensity of concrete.Carry on different material tests specifically with powder and aggregate while studying. The powder tests include the specific gravity, specific surface area, micro-structure and properties analyses. Part of the aggregate carries on specific gravity and sieve analyzing. The concrete is by making the volume of the required slump up to 150 mm and also the required compressive strength up to 140kg/cm2. The relationship between component, microstructure and performance was also investigated.
Result of study show, add super plasticizer can improve concrete work degree greatly, add super plasticizer to 0.8% is it adjust water consumption is it collapse degree is it between 150~550 mm, and improve the intensity of concrete indirectly to fall to make to need. super plasticizer is the weight of 0.8% and granulated slag is that 550 kg/m3 makes can be higher than 140 kg/cm2, the low intensity concrete while belonging to.
It is still quite limited to the effect which improves the intensity of concrete to add fly ash and natural coarse aggregate, but have sizable influence to mix nature on the concrete newly.
Book chapters on the topic "Concrete without cement"
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Mohammedameen, Alaa, Khaleel H. Younis, Radhwan Alzeebaree, Mohamed Moafak Arbili, and Talib K. Ibrahim. "Performance of Self-compacting Geopolymer Concrete with and Without Portland Cement at Ambient Temperature." In Geotechnical Engineering and Sustainable Construction. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6277-5_52.
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Azizian, Mohammad F., Peter O. Nelson, Pugazhendhi Thayumanavan, and Kenneth J. Williamson. "Environmental Impacts of Leachate from Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) with and Without Plasticizer in Highway Construction." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b11432.
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Afroughsabet, V., S. Cattaneo, G. L. Guerrini, and S. Tortelli. "The Effect of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement on the Engineering Properties of High Performance Concretes with and Without Fibers." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23748-6_25.
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Carmichael Milton, Jemimah, and Prince Arulraj Gnanaraj. "Compressive Strength of Concrete with Nano Cement." In Cement Industry - Optimization, Characterization and Sustainable Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93881.
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Nano technology plays a very vital role in all the areas of research. The incorporation of nano materials in concrete offers many advantages and improves the workability, the strength and durability properties of concrete. In this study an attempt has been made to carry out an experimental investigation on concrete in which cement was replaced with nano sized cement. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was ground in a ball grinding mill to produce nano cement. The characterization of nano cement was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett–Teller (BET), Energy Dispersive X ray microanalysis (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). From the characterization studies, it was confirmed that particles were converted to nano size, the specific surface area increased and the chemical composition remained almost the same. The properties of cement paste with and without nano cement were found. For the experimental study, cement was replaced with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of nano cement. Cement mortar of ratio 1:3 and concrete of grades M20, M30, M40 and M50 were used. Compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete with different percentages of nano cement was found. The cement mortar was also subjected to micro structural study. It was found that the strength increased even up to the replacement level of 50%. Further increase in the replacement is not possible since the addition of nano cement reduces the initial and final setting time of cement paste. At 50% replacement level, the initial setting time got reduced to 30 minutes which the least permitted value as per IS 12269: 2013. The increase in strength was due to the fact that nano cement acts not only as a filler material but also the reactivity increased due to the higher specific surface area. The SEM image shows the formation of additional C-S-H gel. The percentage increase in compressive strength was found to increase up to 32%. The workability of concrete with nano cement was found to be significantly more than that of the normal cement concrete.
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"Influence of cement type on resistance against freezing and thawing, with or without deicing chemicals, of cement mortar." In Frost Resistance of Concrete. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482271980-19.
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Mustapha Karkarna, Yakubu, Ali Bahadori-Jahromi, Hamid Zolghadr Jahromi, and Emily Halliwell. "Reinforced Concrete Design with Stainless Steel." In Advanced Cement-Based Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106327.
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In the design of reinforced concrete structures, the bond property is crucial. This is important for achieving the composite action between the two materials constituents, allowing loads to be efficiently transmitted. The higher strain hardening and ductility capacity of stainless steel over mild steel are one of its major benefits. International design codes, such as Eurocode 2, do not provide a separate design model for concrete structures with stainless reinforcing bars. The background paper to Eurocode 2 highlighted that there is no technical reason of why the Eurocode 2 design model cannot be used in conjunction with other types of reinforcement, provided allowance is made for their properties and behaviour. While this notion is valid when using a mild steel reinforcing bar, it produces erroneous results when a stainless reinforcing bar with a lap splice is used in a reinforced concrete section. Even though there has been a large number of studies on the behaviour of structure with stainless steel in recent years, most of it has been on plain stainless-steel members rather than reinforced concrete or stainless-steel reinforced concrete with lap splice. As a result, the purpose of this chapter is to evaluate and compare the behaviour of stainless and mild steel reinforced concrete with and without lap splices.
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mahmoud Ziada, Yosra Tammam, and Savaş Erdem. "Research of Alternative Ecological Waste Materials Used in Geopolymers for Sustainable Built Environments." In Urban Sustainability and Energy Management of Cities for Improved Health and Well-Being. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4030-8.ch009.
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Infrastructure and industrial projects continue to expand, resulting in a steady rise in demand for cement. However, it is claimed that nature and the environment suffer significant harm throughout the cement manufacturing process due to the cement factory's greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, economic difficulties have emerged as a result of energy usage during manufacturing. As a result, waste materials have begun to be utilized in geopolymer concrete in place of cement. Therefore, environmentally friendly materials with a low carbon footprint have been in high demand across the world's building sector. Activators are used with waste materials as binders of geopolymers without using cement. Thus, geopolymers have gained importance due to their environmental compatibility, sustainability, and durability. This chapter comprehensively reviews the environmental suitability of geopolymers produced using waste materials. In addition, the authors tried to collect most geopolymer physical, mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties.
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REKNES, KÅRE. "SETTING OF CONCRETE WITH AND WITHOUT LIGNOSULPHONATE ADMIXTURE: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON SETTING TIME AND ON MATURITY AT INITIAL SETTING." In Blended Cements in Construction. CRC Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482296631-15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Concrete without cement"
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"Combined Effect of Superplasticizer and Acrylic Latex in Cement Mortars With and Without Silica Fume." In SP-119: Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2546.
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Reiterman, Pavel, and Martin Keppert. "Application of concrete slurry waste in cement screeds." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.072.
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Sedimented concrete slurry waste (CSW), containing cement, mineral additives, fine fillers, admixtures and water, is currently a waste without an additional use and has to be fully landfilled. Current CSW management is very expensive and introduces number of environmental risks due to its high pH, exceeding 11.5. This paper deals with the application of two types of CSW as cement replacement in cement screed. The evaluation was carried out in terms of workability and basic mechanical performance of the obtained composites. The applied cement replacement was up to 10 wt.% due to the negative impact on the rheology of fresh mixtures. Reduced workability consequently caused higher content of air in the fresh mixture. It was reflected by lower values of bulk density in hardened state for both studied CSW. These aspects were the reasons of decreased mechanical performance by approximately 15% per 5 wt.% of replacement. Conducted experimental program declared significant limits of CSW application in cement based composites, however additional processing of CSW could significantly modify its properties.
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Parvini, Mehdi. "Application of Internal Curing in Slab Replacement using Rapid Strength Concrete." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/v04v57ig.
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The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) uses rapid strength concrete (also known as high early strength concrete) to repair or rehabilitate concrete pavements. Failed concrete slabs are removed and replaced with rapid strength concrete (RSC) that is often volumetrically proportioned in the field. Both Type III Portland cement concrete and specialty cements are used to prepare RSC. The performance of slab replacement strategy using RSC has been questionable based on past experience. A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of RSC made with the two different cement types. Due to relatively short performance data and variability of the influencing performance factors, no definite conclusions were derived from this study. One consideration in potential short service life of slabs constructed with RSC is the limitation of proper concrete curing. Internal Curing (IC) with lightweight aggregate is employed to compensate for the lack of external/surface curing of the concrete. A pilot slab replacement project on route 680 in Bay Area was identified and slabs were placed side by side with and without lightweight aggregate to monitor and compare the performance of the RSC using internal curing (RSC-IC). The steps that are taken to initiate, design and construct this pilot project is discussed in this paper. Caltrans plans to monitor, test and report the expected improvement in the performance of internal Cured rapid strength concrete in the future.
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Khan, Imran, Daniel White, and Jenelle Mieux. "A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF COASTAL FACILITIES THROUGH THE INCORPORATION OF BEACH SAND & BRACKISH WATER IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/ohyp1809.
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Advances in reinforcement technology has facilitated the transition from traditional steel rebar to non-metallic rebar in reinforced concretes. Consequently, chloride content can be dramatically increased without worry for the deterioration of the encased reinforcement in reinforced concretes that utilizes composite rebar and polymeric/ceramic fibres. The production of one tonne of concrete releases 900 kg of CO2 emissions. Reductions in CO2 emissions from concrete production can be achieved through the production of ‘greener’ cements, and utilization of localized aggregate sources. Construction of structures along the coastline provides a unique opportunity for the utilization of beach-sand and brackish water that together can improve the sustainability prospects for construction in these environments. The incorporation into concrete of beach-sand that has been previously excavated is a simple means of reducing reliance on traditional sources of fine aggregate for concrete production. Additionally, the use of brackish water from a nearby estuary has the added benefit of reducing the requirement for potable water. Compressive strength tests were conducted on twenty-two (22) groups of specimens at 7-days, 28-days and 42-days. Water-to-cement ratios (w:c) of 0.37, 0.39, 0.43 and 0.45 were employed. Analysis showed that at 0.37 w:c, batches that utilized beach-sand and brackish water, beach-sand and potable water, concreting-sand and brackish water were comparable to those produced with concreting-sand and potable water at about 40MPa.
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Bäuml, Martin, Jakob Melchior, and Felicia Constandopoulos. "Over-night Renewals of the Concrete Runway at Sabiha Gökcen International Airport Istanbul." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/nj0oxhb0.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last couple of years, new rapid-hardening concretes were developed. They do not only stand out by their high early strength, in excess of 20 MPa already 90 minutes after setting, but are also adjustable to the needs of the construction site in regards to fresh concrete properties and setting behavior. This allows the rapid-hardening concrete to be placed using traditional means and the construction program to be optimized in order to perform the renewals during very short closure windows. After many years of usage, the single runway at Sabiha Gökcen International Airport Istanbul was in need of large-scale renewals due to severe damages in the high wear areas around the centerline. But, with it being the only runway at the airport, closing it for multiple weeks to perform the renewal was not an option. The nightly closure of only 5 hours, due to late-evening and early-morning flights, placed additional demands on the rapid-hardening concrete, the logistics of the construction site and the concrete's long-term durability for a permanent solution. This article presents the step-by-step over-night renewals at Sabiha Gökcen Airport, which is the largest project ever performed involving rapid-hardening concrete. Each night up to 5 slabs (94 m2) of the runway were replaced for a total area of 8700 m2 over 117 nights between March and September 2018. Such large area applications without affecting regular airport operations are possible thanks to the latest generation of rapid-hardening cement and this article shows these possibilities to project owners, design engineers, and contractors.
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Cerković, Sonja, and Nina Štirmer. "Sustainable precast concrete products with wood biomass ash – kerbs and drainage channels." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1396.
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Construction materials need to be observed through a lifetime carbon footprint. Due to the high greenhouse gas emissions from cement production, the lack of natural raw materials such as sand, a significant increase of WBA and the problem of its disposal, there has been a serious disturbance of the ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the use of production processes that consume less materials and energy, use waste-free resources, and include full recycling at the end of the product’s life. One of the possible solutions is the use of locally available wood biomass ash as a substitute for cement or sand in concrete mixes for non-structural precast concrete products. To achieve this goal, the relevant mechanical and durability properties of concrete products - kerbs and drainage channels, were investigated by replacing cement or fine aggregate with 15% of WBA and comparing it to a reference mixture without WBA. For this study, 5 different types of WBAs were collected from biomass power plants in the Republic of Croatia. This paper presents the effects of WBAs on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete products, which represents a possible more environmentally friendly alternative for industrial waste recycling compared to existing waste management options.
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Chandrasiri, Janith, and Janaka Perera. "The Properties of Lime/Soil Concrete." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/bjwt7503.
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The investigation of materials for replacing cement in concrete manufacturing has garnered steady interest from experts in recent years. However, the majority of past researches have only focused on the use of lime as a cement substitute in producing Lime Concrete. The reason for this is that lime concrete can be made easily and cheaply while still providing a durable material that can minimize negative environmental impacts. Even though lime is used as an alternative material the integration of a new material as a replacement for conventional aggregates has been limited. As a result, this study will attempt to examine the various compositions of hydraulic lime as a partial replacement of cement while completely replacing the coarse and fine aggregate with a soil to find the influence on the physical characteristics of Lime/Soil concrete. This will also help in decreasing the ecological imbalance caused due to the excess use of conventional aggregates. Locally available reddish-brown laterite soil was used in this study without any modifications. C30 concrete mixes containing 0%, 10%, 15% of hydraulic lime replaced with OPC and complete replacement of aggregate with laterite soil were casted before subjected to water curing. Workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption test were conducted in accordance with the existing standard. Based on the results obtained from the study it has shown that even with complete replacement of aggregate with laterite soil it was able to produce workable concrete with satisfactory strength that can be employed for ground improvements in pavement design and to manufacture economical non-load bearing concrete blocks. The targeted strength still can be achieved with replacement of 15% hydraulic lime for a lower cost. With the accomplishment from the composition, future studies will be able to better assess the long-term effects of construction operations on the environment. KEYWORDS: Compressive strength, lime concrete, physical properties, hydraulic lime, laterite soil.
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"High Strength and Concrete Binders Part A: Reactivity and Composition of Cement Pastes With and Without Condensed Silica Fume." In "SP-132: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete - Proceedings Fourth Interna". American Concrete Institute, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2304.
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Islam, Md Mashfiqul, Ahmed A. Gheni, and Mohamed A. ElGawady. "Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Zero-Cement One-Part Geopolymer Mortar and Concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2795.
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<p>The era of research on fly ash based Zero-Cement (ZC) containing alkali activated geopolymer mortar and concrete has already begun. By replacing 100% of cement which is the higher carbon footprint material and also by maintaining a steady level on eco-system without causing severe environmental damage or exhausting natural resources, geopolymer technology is on the way to be the most popular sustainable construction material. However, the mixing mechanism of geopolymer is very difficult using the liquid alkaline activators which are hazardous as well as difficult to handle in large construction works at sites. As a result, the development of producing one-part geopolymer or “just add water” process similar to ordinary</p><p>Portland cement (OPC) construction, is necessary for the promotion of this green and sustainable</p><p>construction material to the society. To this end, two different sources of Class C fly ash (FA) from Missouri State, USA are used in this study to investigate the mechanical as well as the fresh properties of ZC mortar and concrete. In this study, the dry sodium hydroxide (SH) pellets and sodium silicate (SS) powder are used as solid alkaline activators. Three different curing systems, e.g. ambient, oven and steam curing are employed in this study and corresponding strength gains are evaluated. A significant enhancement of the compressive strength was achieved by the addition of 1.9 mass% of sucrose (sugar) with respect to FA in the mix after curing at the elevated temperature.</p>
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""High-Strength Concrete Binders Part B: Nonevaporable Water, Self-Dessication and Porosity of Cement Pastes With and Without Silica Fume"." In "SP-132: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete - Proceedings Fourth Interna". American Concrete Institute, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2316.
Full textReports on the topic "Concrete without cement"
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Adams, Caitlin J., Baishakhi Bose, Ethan Mann, et al. Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317366.
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Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, et al. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.
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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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Burroughs, Jedadiah, Jason Weiss, and John Haddock. Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41288.
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Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high-performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.
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Deb, Robin, Paramita Mondal, and Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Materials Solution (Phase III). Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-023.
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Type K cement offers a lower slump than conventional concrete, even at a higher water-to-cement ratio. Therefore, a suitable chemical admixture should be added to the Type K concrete mix design at a feasible dosage to achieve and retain target slump. In this project, a compatibility study was performed for Type K concrete with commercially available water-reducing and air-entraining admixtures. Slump and air content losses were measured over a period of 60 minutes after mixing and a particular mid-range water-reducing admixture was found to retain slump effectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in admixture interaction between conventional and Type K concrete was observed. Another concern regarding the use of Type K concrete is that its higher water-to-cement ratio can potentially lead to higher permeability and durability issues. This study also explored the effectiveness of presoaked lightweight aggregates in providing extra water for Type K hydration without increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Permeability of concrete was measured to validate that the use of presoaked lightweight aggregates can lower water adsorption in Type K concrete, enhancing its durability. Extensive data analysis was performed to link the small-scale material test results with a structural test performed at Saint Louis University. A consistent relation was established in most cases, validating the effectiveness of both testing methods in understanding the performance of proposed shrinkage-mitigation strategies. Stress analysis was performed to rank the mitigation strategies. Type K incorporation is reported to be the most effective method for shrinkage-related crack mitigation among the mixes tested in this study. The second-best choice is the use of Type K in combination with either presoaked lightweight aggregates or shrinkage-reducing admixtures. All mitigation strategies tested in this work were proved to be significantly better than using no mitigation strategy.
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He, Rui, Na (Luna) Lu, and Jan Olek. Development of In-Situ Sensing Method for the Monitoring of Water-Cement (w/c) Values and the Effectiveness of Curing Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317377.
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As the most widely used construction material, concrete is very durable and can provide long service life without extensive maintenance. The strength and durability of concrete are primarily influenced by the initial water-cement ratio value (w/c), and the curing condition during the hardening process also influences its performance. The w/c value is defined as the total mass of free water that can be consumed by hydration divided by the total mass of cement and any additional pozzolanic material such as fly ash, slag, silica fume. Once placed, field concrete pavements are routinely cured with liquid membrane-forming compounds. For laboratory study, concrete samples are usually cured in saturated lime water or a curing room with a relative humidity (RH) value higher than 95%. Thus, the effectiveness of curing compounds for field concrete needs to be studied. In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for w/c determination of plastic concrete and curing effectiveness evaluation method for hardened concrete.