Relevant bibliographies by topics / Condensers (Steam) Heat

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Condensers (Steam) Heat'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Condensers (Steam) Heat"

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Lv, Yi, Hui Zhang, Yu Jin Yue, Li Jun Yang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Deviation Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Model of Large Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Unit." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.656.

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Many power plants adopt air-cooled condensers (ACC) with finned tubes, using ambient air to condense turbine exhaust steam. Each condenser unit is mainly composed of two heat transfer surfaces like A and large diameter axial flow fans driving air. In the study of environmental wind effects, etc, due to the condenser unit size is bigger, it is necessary to simplify the condenser unit internal flow and heat transfer calculation, but the deviations introduced by these simplifies failed to get enough attention. In view of one condenser unit, three kinds of flow and heat tansfer combinated model were respectively investigated. A computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) is used to solve the problem.Research priority is analyzing the deviations of internal flow and heat transfer features in the condenser unit according to the extracted datum. The study gives some useful informatin to the design of a thermal power plant with an ACC system.
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Zhang, C., A. C. M. Sousa, and J. E. S. Venart. "Numerical Simulation of Different Types of Steam Surface Condensers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905788.

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A numerical procedure is developed to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer processes in the shell-side of steam surface condensers. The governing equations are solved in primitive variable form using a semi-implicit consistent control-volume formulation in which a segregated pressure correction linked algorithm is employed. The procedure is applied to three different types of surface condenser. The numerical predictions are critically assessed by comparison to available experimental data for condensers, and in general, the solutions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Zhang, C., and Y. Zhang. "A Quasi-Three-Dimensional Approach to Predict the Performance of Steam Surface Condensers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905996.

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A quasi-three-dimensional numerical procedure is proposed to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell-side of steam surface condensers. The proposed procedure is applied to an experimental steam surface condenser to evaluate its predictive capability. The predicted results give good general agreement with the experimental data. The governing equations are solved in primitive variable form using a semi-implicit consistent control-volume formulation in which a segregated pressure correction linked algorithm is employed. The modeling of the geometries of condensers, including tube bundles and baffle plates, is carried out based on porous media concepts using flow, heat and mass transfer resistances.
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Wang, Si Ping, Li Zhang, and Jian Li. "The Numerical Simulation of the Shell Side Flow and Heat Transfer for 600MW Steam Turbine Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.265.

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Detailed prediction of steam flow field and heat transfer process is significant for the condensers. The flow and heat transfer performance of the condenser of 600MW power unit is numerical simulated. A model of porous media with distributed resistance and mass sink is used to simulate the function of the tube bundle. The equations including the continuous, momentum and air concentration are numerically solved using the finite control-volume integration method and SIMPLE algorithm. The distribution of steam velocity, pressure, heat transfer coefficient and air concentration are obtained and analyzed. On the basis of results, the condenser is evaluated.
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Kals, W. "Condensing the Dumped Steam During a Turbine Bypass." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906635.

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The reaction of water-cooled and wet-surface air-cooled condensers to a bypass of the steam turbine is analyzed by the introduction of an indicant. Gas dynamics considerations for designing the breakdown of the steam pressure are included. SI metric units are compared with gravitational metric units in order to clarify the fundamental difference between these two systems of measure. Conditioning the steam before admission to the condenser involves desuperheating, which is analyzed on the basis of a heat balance.
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Papini, Davide, and Antonio Cammi. "Modelling of Heat Transfer Phenomena for Vertical and Horizontal Configurations of In-Pool Condensers and Comparison with Experimental Findings." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2010 (2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/815754.

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Decay Heat Removal (DHR) is a fundamental safety function which is often accomplished in the advanced LWRs relying on natural phenomena. A typical passive DHR system is the two-phase flow, natural circulation, closed loop system, where heat is removed by means of a steam generator or heat exchanger, a condenser, and a pool. Different condenser tube arrangements have been developed for applications to the next generation NPPs. The two most used configurations, namely, horizontal and vertical tube condensers, are thoroughly investigated in this paper. Several thermal-hydraulic features were explored, being the analysis mainly devoted to the description of the best-estimate correlations and models for heat transfer coefficient prediction. In spite of a more critical behaviour concerning thermal expansion issues, vertical tube condensers offer remarkably better thermal-hydraulic performances. An experimental validation of the vertical tube correlations is provided by PERSEO facility (SIET labs, Piacenza), showing a fairly good agreement.
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Ni, Weiming, Zhihua Ge, Lijun Yang, and Xiaoze Du. "Piping-Main Scheme for Condensers against the Adverse Impact of Environmental Conditions on Air-Cooled Thermal Power Units." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010170.

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To improve the adaptability of direct air-cooled power generating units to the variations of both meteorological condition and power load, a piping-main arrangement of air-cooled condensers was proposed. The heat and mass transfer models of the air-side were established for the air cooling system of 2 × 600 MW thermal power generating units. The coupled model for both flow resistance loss and condensate flow rate distributions of exhaust steam inside air-cooled condensers were developed based on the temperature fields through numerical simulation. Calculation results, including the condensate flow rate, back pressure, and coal consumption rate, were acquired under different ambient temperatures and wind velocities. The results show that the proposed piping-main arrangement can weaken the ambient wind impacts and reduce the backpressure significantly in summer by adjusting the number of air-cooled condenser cells in operation. The steam flow rate can be uniformed effectively by adjusting the number of operating air-cooled condenser cells during winter. It can also avoid the freezing accident in winter while cooling the exhaust steam of two turbines by part air-cooled condenser cells.
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Feng, Huijun, Wei Tang, Lingen Chen, Junchao Shi, and Zhixiang Wu. "Multi-Objective Constructal Optimization for Marine Condensers." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 5545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175545.

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A marine condenser with exhausted steam as the working fluid is researched in this paper. Constructal designs of the condenser are numerically conducted based on single and multi-objective optimizations, respectively. In the single objective optimization, there is an optimal dimensionless tube diameter leading to the minimum total pumping power required by the condenser. After constructal optimization, the total pumping power is decreased by 42.3%. In addition, with the increase in mass flow rate of the steam and heat transfer area and the decrease in total heat transfer rate, the minimum total pumping power required by the condenser decreases. In the multi-objective optimization, the Pareto optimal set of the entropy generation rate and total pumping power is gained. The optimal results gained by three decision methods in the Pareto optimal set and single objective optimizations are compared by the deviation index. The optimal construct gained by the TOPSIS decision method corresponding to the smallest deviation index is recommended in the optimal design of the condenser. These research ideas can also be used to design other heat transfer devices.
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Davies, William A., Yu Kang, Pega Hrnjak, and Anthony M. Jacobi. "Heat transfer and flow regimes in large flattened-tube steam condensers." Applied Thermal Engineering 148 (February 2019): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.079.

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Valentinovich Kurshakov, Alexander, Artem Vyacheslavovich Ryzhenkov, Valerij Dmitrievich Burov, Oleg Vyacheslavovich Ryzhenkov, and Marat Ravilevich Dasaev. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Condensers in Steam Turbine Based Combined Heat and Power Plants." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 12, Special-Edn2 (September 25, 2015): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2241.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Condensers (Steam) Heat"

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Pearce, Richard E. Becker Bryan R. "A computational model of steam surface condenser performance." Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering and Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in engineering and mathematics." Advisor: Bryan R. Becker. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-220). Online version of the print edition.
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Wedding, Scott B. "Static Mixing Spacers for Heat Transfer ImprovementApplication in Air Cooled Steam Condensers." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1429047134.

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Smith, Alan. "The effects of inlet water temperature on condensing film coefficients /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11923.

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Smit, Leslie van Zyl. "Inlet manifold tests and performance evaluation of dephlegmators in air-cooled steam condensers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51800.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Measurements on air-cooled reflux steam condensers or dephlegmators at different power plants have shown that sections of these units do not transfer heat effectively over a range of operating conditions. The ineffective sections may be due to flooding in the finned tubes although entrainment of condensate in certain steam inlet manifolds is usually the main reason for the poor performance. In this dissertation factors that limit effective dephlegmator operation are discussed and the influence of two inlet manifold designs on dephlegmator operation is investigated. Laboratory experiments are conducted to show under which conditions liquid entrainment occurs and to visualize the flow distribution within the respective manifolds. An alternative, essentially horizontal arrangement of the dephlegmator is proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of such a system, the heat transfer and pressure drop on the steam-side is determined experimentally in an air-cooled finned tube. No flooding was observed during tests conducted at zero and negative tube angles to the horizontal.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toetse op lugverkoelde stoom terugvloeikondensors, of deflegmators, by verskeie kragstasies het getoon dat sekere dele van hierdie eenhede onder verskeie werkstoestande nie warmte effektief oordra nie. Hierdie oneffektiewe dele kan deur vloeding van die vinbuise veroorsaak word alhoewel die meesleur van kondensaat in sekere stoom inlaatspruitstukke gewoonlik die hoof oorsaak is. In hierdie dissertasie word faktore wat effektiewe deflegmator werksverrigting beinvloed bespreek en die invloed van twee inlaatspruitstukontwerpe op deflegmator werksverrigting ondersoek. Eksperimente is in 'n laboratorium uitgevoer om aan te toon onder watter werkstoestande vloeistof samesleping voorkom en om vloeiverdeling binne die onderskeie inlaatspruitstukke te visualiseer. 'n Altematiewe, wesenlike horisontale deflegmator opstelling word voorgestel. Die werksverrigting van hierdie voorstelling is ondersoek deur die warmteoordrag en stoorn-kant drukval eksperimenteel te bepaal in 'n lugverkoelde vinbuis. Geen vloeding is opgemerk vir toetsgevalle waar klein negatiewe of zero hoeke tot die horisontaal ondersoek is nie.
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Bredell, J. R. (Johann Richard). "Numerical investigation of fan performance in a forced draft air-cooled steam condenser." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21201.

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Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Forced draft air-cooled steam condensers (ACSCs) consisting of multiple fan units are used in direct cooled power plants to condense steam in a closed steam cycle. Axial flow fans located below an A-frame configuration of finned tube heat exchanger bundles, force ambient air through the system. In so doing, heat from the condensing steam is rejected to the environment via the finned tubes. The performance of an air-cooled system is proportional to the air mass flow rate and the temperature difference between the finned tubes and the ambient air. A variation in either will directly affect the efficiency of the steam turbines. Air flow distortions at the fan inlet caused by structures, wind and other fans may result in a significant reduction in flow rate as well as fan blade vibration. This phenomenon has an adverse affect on the cooling capacity of an ACSC, and consequently turbine performance, due to a decrease in air mass flow rate. In this study the effect of inlet flow distortions on fan performance (i.e. flow rate and fan shaft power) in an ACSC is numerically investigated by modelling a section (or sector) of such a system using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. Fan performance at different platform heights, and corresponding different degrees of inlet flow distortions, is investigated. The performance of two types of axial flow fans are also compared. The two fans have the same diameter, number of blades and rotational speed, but feature different blade designs, and hub-tip-ratios of respectively 0.153 and 0.4. A fan model based on blade element theory, better known as an actuator disc model, is used to numerically model the fans. Previous experimental studies have shown that a solid walkway installed along the edge or periphery of an ACSC platform can significantly increase the flow rate through the fans situated along the platform edge. The effects of such a walkway, and other windscreens on fan performance, are numerically investigated. Numerical predictions correlate with earlier experimental results: the flow rate and fan shaft power are decreased by inlet flow distortions. It was found that the fan with a hub-tip-ratio of 0.4 was less affected by these flow distortions. The addition of a walkway increased the flow rate through the edge fan by up to 48 %. It is furthermore shown that wind effects can only be accurately modelled if the entire ACSC is considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geforseerde-trek lugverkoelde kondensators wat bestaan uit ʼn aantal waaier-eenhede, word in direk-verkoelde kragstasies gebruik om stoom in ʼn geslote stoomkringloop te kondenseer. Aksiaalvloei-waaiers wat onder ʼn A-raam-konfigurasie van vinbuisbundels geïnstalleer is, forseer omgewingslug deur die stelsel. Sodoende word die hitte van die kondenserende stoom aan die omgewing oorgedra deur middel van die vinbuise. Die warmteoordragkapasiteit van ʼn lugverkoelde kondensator is eweredig aan die massavloei-tempo van die lug, asook die temperatuurverskil tussen die vinbuise en die lug. ʼn Verandering in enige van dié faktore sal die benuttingsgraad van die stoomturbines direk beïnvloed. Lugvloeiversteurings by die waaier-inlate wat veroorsaak word deur geboue, wind en ander waaiers kan lei tot aansienlike verlagings in vloeitempo deur die waaiers. Sekondêre effekte soos waaierlemvibrasie kan ook veroorsaak word. In hierdie studie word die effek van inlaatvloeiversteurings op waaierwerkverrigting (dws vloeitempo en waaierdrywing) ondersoek deur ʼn seksie (of sektor) van ʼn lugverkoelde kondensator te modelleer deur gebruik te maak van die kommersiële numeriese vloeidinamika-pakket, FLUENT. Waaierwerkverrigting word by verkillende platformhoogtes, en gevolglik verskillende grade van inlaatvloeiversteurings, ondersoek. Twee verskillende waaiers word ook vergelyk. Die waaiers het dieselfde diameter, aantal lemme en rotasiespoed, maar het verkillende lem ontwerpe, en naaf-lempunt-verhoudings van onderskeidelik 0.153 en 0.4. ʼn Waaiermodel wat gebaseer is op lem-element-teorie, beter bekend as ʼn aksie-skyf-model, word gebruik om die waaiers numeries te modelleer. Vorige eksperimentele studies het bewys dat ʼn loopvlak om die rand van lugverkoelde kondensators die vloeitempo deur waaiers aansienlik kan verhoog. Die effek van so ʼn loopvlak, en ander windskerms word numeries ondersoek. Numeriese voorspellings stem ooreen met eksperimentele resultate: die vloeitempo en waaierdrywing word verlaag deur inlaat-vloeiversteurings. Dit is bevind dat die waaier met ʼn naaf-lempunt-verhouding van 0.4, minder beïnvloed word deur vloeiversteurings. ʼn Loopvlak het die vloeitempo deur die randwaaier met tot 48 % verhoog. Dit is ook bewys dat windeffekte alleenlik gemodelleer kan word deur die hele lugverkoelde kondensator in ag te neem.
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Louw, Francois G. "Performance trends of a large air-cooled steam condenser during windy conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6593.

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Tubman, Ian McCrea. "An analysis of water for water-side fouling potential inside smooth and augmented copper alloy condenser tubes in cooling tower water applications." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-12122002-092733.

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Angula, Ester. "Numerical performance evaluation of a delugeable flat bare tube air-cooled steam condenser bundle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97151.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, one and two-dimensional models are developed for the evaluation of the thermal performance of a delugeable flat tube bundle to be incorporated in the second stage of an induced draft hybrid (dry/wet) dephlegmator (HDWD) of a direct air-cooled steam condenser (ACSC). Both models are presented by a set of differential equations. The one-dimensional model is analysed analytically by using three methods of analysis which are: Poppe, Merkel, and heat and mass transfer analogy. The two-dimensional model is analysed numerically by means of heat and mass transfer analogy method of analysis whereby, the governing differential equations are discretised into algebraic equations using linear upwind differencing scheme. The two-dimensional model’s accuracy is verified through a comparison of the two dimensional solutions to one dimensional solutions. Satisfactory correlation between the one and two-dimensional results is reached. However, there is a slight discrepancy in the solutions, which is mainly due to the assumptions made in one-dimensional model. The effect of tube height, tube pitch, tube width, deluge water mass flow rate, frontal air velocity, steam, and air operating conditions on the heat transfer rate and air-side pressure drop for both wet and dry operating modes are investigated. The long tube height, large tube width, small tube pitch, and high frontal air velocity are found to increase the tube bundle’s performance. However, this performance is associated with a high airside pressure drop. The performance of the deluged flat tube bundle is found to be less sensitive to the changes in the deluge water mass flow rate and air operating conditions. Furthermore, the best configuration of a delugeable flat tube bundle is identified through a comparison to round tube bundle presented by Anderson (2014). The performance of the round tube bundle is found to be around 2 times, and 1.5 times of that of flat tube bundle, when both bundles operate as an evaporative and dry air-cooled condenser respectively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is een en twee-dimensionele modelle ontwikkel vir die evaluering van die termiese prestasie van 'n benatbare plat buis bundel in die tweede stadium van 'n geïnduseerde ontwerp hibriede (droë / nat ) deflegmator van 'n direkte lugverkoelde stoom kondensator. Beide modelle is aangebied deur 'n stel van differensiaalvergelykings. Die een-dimensionele model is analities ontleed deur die gebruik van drie metodes van analise wat: Poppe, Merkel, en die hitte en massa-oordrag analogie. Die twee-dimensionele model is numeries ontleed deur middel van hitte en massa-oordrag analogie metode van analise waardeur , die regerende differensiaalvergelykings gediskretiseer in algebraïese vergelykings met behulp van lineêre windop differensievorming skema. Die tweedimensionele model se akkuraatheid is geverifieer deur 'n vergelyking van die twee dimensionele oplossings te een dimensionele oplossings. Bevredigende korrelasie tussen die een en twee-dimensionele resultate bereik word. Maar daar is 'n effense verskil in die oplossings, wat is hoofsaaklik te wyte aan die aannames wat gemaak in een-dimensional model. Die effek van buis hoogte, buis toonhoogte, buis breedte, vloed water massa-vloeitempo, frontale lug snelheid, stoom, en in die lug werktoestande op die hitte oordrag snelheid en lug - kant drukval vir beide nat en droë maatskappy modi word ondersoek. Die lang buis hoogte, groot buis breedte, klein buisie toonhoogte, en 'n hoë frontale lug snelheid gevind die buis bundel se prestasie te verhoog. Tog is hierdie prestasie wat verband hou met 'n hoë lug - kant drukval. Die prestasie van die oorstroom plat buis bundel gevind word minder sensitief vir die veranderinge in die vloed water massa-vloeitempo en lug werktoestande. Verder is die beste opset van 'n benatbare plat buis bundel geïdentifiseer deur 'n vergelyking met ronde buis bundel aangebied deur Anderson (2014). Die prestasie van die ronde buis bundel gevind word om 2 keer, en 1.5 keer van daardie plat buis bundel , wanneer beide bundels funksioneer as 'n damp en droë lugverkoelde kondensor onderskeidelik.
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Karve, Madhura Shreeram. "Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Drop Reduction for an A-frame Air Cooled Steam Condenser." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307440507.

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Szöcs, Ladislav. "Povrchový kondenzátor pro parní turbinu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230193.

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The aim of this thesis is to design a surface condenser with lateral exhaust. A research in the field of surface condensers with lateral exhaust takes place before the design. Core of the thesis is a thermodynamic design of the heat exchanger, calculation of pressure losses on the side of coolant water, check of the tube bundles from standpoint of oscillation and a design of air removal pipeline. Finally a design of the condenser is supported with a drawing attached in the supplement.
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Books on the topic "Condensers (Steam) Heat"

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(Firm), Packaged Facts, ed. The bread market. New York, N.Y. (625 Avenue of the Americas, New York 10011): Packaged Facts, 1996.

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Specialists in Business Information, inc., ed. SBI market profile. New York, NY: Specialists in Business Information, 1996.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Fabricated Heat Exchangers and Steam Condensers Excluding for Nuclear Applications. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Fabricated Heat Exchangers and Steam Condensers Excluding for Nuclear Applications. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Nuclear Reactor Steam Supply Systems, Heat Exchangers and Condensers, Pressurizers, Components, and Auxiliary Equipment. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Nuclear Reactor Steam Supply Systems, Heat Exchangers and Condensers, Pressurizers, Components, and Auxiliary Equipment. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Condensers (Steam) Heat"

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Jang, J. Y., and J. S. Leu. "The Computer Aided Design of Steam Surface Condensers." In Design and Operation of Heat Exchangers, 362–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84450-8_32.

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Markley, Robert. "“How to Go Forward”: Catastrophe and Comedy in the Science in the Capital Trilogy." In Kim Stanley Robinson, 112–34. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042751.003.0005.

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Robinson’s Science in the Capital trilogy (condensed in 2015 to the one-volume Green Earth) dramatizes how climate change unsettles traditional understandings of ecology and politics. By treating science as an integral part of an ethical and spiritual solution to environmental crisis, Forty Signs of Rain, Fifty Degrees Below, and Sixty Days and Counting depict an ongoing project of national, as well as spiritual, renewal. Drawing on work in climatology, bioinformatics, and neuroscience, as well as Buddhist and Transcendentalist thought, Robinson sets large-scale efforts to restart the stalled Gulf Stream against intersecting narratives of romance and political intrigue in twenty-first- century Washington, D.C. In Frank Vanderwal, a scientist at the heart of efforts to deal with the consequences of abrupt climate change, the novelist dramatizes the tensions—between mind and body, love and work, and frustration and activism—that define the means and the obstacles to an eco-cultural transformation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Condensers (Steam) Heat"

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Kim, Nae-Hyun, M. G. Go, and H. S. Han. "CONDENSATION AND TUBE-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER OF CORRUGATED TUBES FOR STEAM CONDENSERS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 16. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc16.cod.022824.

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Zhao, Qi, J. J. Liu, Tao Bai, Jifang Lin, B. Y. Cui, J. L. Shen, and N. T. Fang. "DROPWISE CONDENSATION OF STEAM ON VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL U-TYPE TUBE CONDENSERS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 10. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc10.2710.

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Hu, J. S., and Christopher Y. H. Chao. "Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Slug Bubbly Flow in Micro Condensers." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21102.

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Experiments were carried out to study the condensation flow pattern in silicon micro condenser using water as medium. Five flow patterns were identified under our experimental conditions. Slug-bubbly flow and droplet/liquid slug flow were found to be the two dominant flows in the micro condenser. These two flow patterns subsequently determined the heat transfer and pressure drop properties of the fluid. It was observed that only slug-bubbly flow existed in low steam mass flow and high heat flux conditions. When the steam mass flow rate increased or the heat flux dropped, mixed flow pattern occurred. An empirical correlation was obtained to predict when the transition of the flow pattern from slug-bubbly flow to mixed flow could appear. In the slug-bubbly flow regime, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in the micro condensers were studied. It was found that micro condensers with smaller channels could exhibit higher heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. At constant heat flux, increasing the steam mass flow rate resulted in a higher heat transfer coefficient and also the pressure drop.
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Hecker, Simon, Andreas Auge, Tobias Ellsel, Johan Flegler, Christian Musch, and Arne Graßmann. "Performance Increase of Steam Turbine Condensers by CFD Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25812.

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An effective measure to increase the performance of turbine power plants is to minimize flow losses in the condenser resulting in a smaller terminal temperature difference (TTD) — the more the TTD of the condenser can be reduced in an optimization process of a given power plant configuration, the more the exhaust pressure will decrease. With an optimized condenser tube bundle design the TTD can be improved. This study presents the modification of a commercial CFD code to simulate the three-dimensional flow field around and within tube bundles. Additionally the temperature distribution of the cooling water is part of the numerical solution without modeling each individual condenser tube. To show the accuracy of the CFD code the flow in a large scale power plant condenser is simulated and compared to measurements of local heat transfer coefficients in the bundles. The comparison shows that the presented CFD tool is valid to predict the performance of such condensers. Based on the results of the study, areas with low cooling performance are identified and suggestions are made for the increase of the overall condenser efficiency.
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Maulbetsch, John S., Michael N. DiFilippo, Michael Owen, and Detlev G. Kroger. "Wind Effects on Air-Cooled Condensers for Power Plant Cooling." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23250.

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The use of large, air-cooled condensers (ACC’s) for the cooling of turbine exhaust steam at steam/electric power plants is chosen more frequently as concerns over water conservation and water-related environmental issues become more prevalent. While dry cooling achieves significant reductions in plant water consumption, it does so at increased cost and reduced plant efficiency and output when compared to the more commonly used closed-cycle wet cooling systems. Maintaining full cooling capability under all operating conditions is crucial to the efficiency and economic viability of the plant. The effect of wind on ACC performance is the most significant challenge associated with ACC specification, design and performance. Extensive field measurements have been made on five utility-scale ACC’s to determine their operation and performance under varying wind conditions. The primary wind-related effects are shown to be hot air recirculation and degraded fan performance. The total effect on performance plus the relative importance of the two mechanisms are related to wind conditions and ACC configurations. Brief comparisons of field data to the results of CFD modeling are discussed.
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Davies, William A., Yu Kang, Pega Hrnjak, and Anthony M. Jacobi. "Effect of Inclination on Heat Transfer in Large Flattened-Tube Steam Condensers." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70332.

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An experimental study of convective steam condensation inside a large, inclined, flattened-tube air-cooled condenser for power plants is presented. This is the second of a two-part study. The first part presents pressure drop and visualization results, while this study presents the experimental method along with heat transfer results. The condenser in this study is steel with brazed aluminum fins. The condenser measures 10.72m in length, with a cross section of 214 mm × 18 mm. The condenser tube was cut in half lengthwise and covered with a polycarbonate viewing window in order to provide visualization access simultaneously with the heat transfer measurements. Inlet steam mass flux ranged from 6.2–9.5 kg m−2 s−1, and condenser capacity varied from 25–31 kW. The angle of inclination was varied from horizontal to 75° downward. The experiments were performed with a uniform fin-face velocity of crossflowing air at 2.2 m/s. Condenser capacity was found to increase linearly with increasing downward inclination angle of the condenser, at a rate of 0.048% per degree of inclination below horizontal. This improvement was found to be the result of improved drainage and increased void fraction near the condenser outlet.
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Nadig, Ranga. "Design of Fast and Reliable Steam Surface Condensers." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16680.

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Abstract Power plants operating in cyclic mode, standby mode or as back up to solar and wind generating assets are required to come on line on short notice. Simple cycle power plants employing gas turbines are being designed to come on line within 10–15 minutes. Combined cycle plants with heat recovery steam generators and steam turbines take longer to come on line. The components of a combined cycle plant, such as the HRSG, steam turbine, steam surface condenser, cooling tower, circulating water pumps and condensate pumps, are being designed to operate in unison and come on line expeditiously. Major components, such as the HRSG, steam turbine and associated steam piping, dictate how fast the combined cycle plant can come on line. The temperature ramp rates are the prime drivers that govern the startup time. Steam surface condenser and associated auxiliaries impact the startup time to a lesser extent. This paper discusses the design features that could be included in the steam surface condenser and associated auxiliaries to permit quick startup and reliable operation. Additional design features that could be implemented to withstand the demanding needs of cyclic operation are highlighted.
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Karg, Dale C., John M. Burns, and Michael C. Catapano. "Application of the New ASME Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers PTC 12.2-1998." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40107.

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The Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers underwent a major revision in 1998 with the release of ASME PTC 12.2 - 1998, “Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers”. One of the improvements over the previous code revisions was the development of a new method for determining or estimating tube bundle fouling. Instrumentation has been developed to apply the new methods and was used in a test program on a recently retubed condenser. This paper describes the testing program initiated by Santee Cooper at the Winyah Generating Station where a successful attempt to utilize the guidelines established by the new Code were carried out. The objectives of our testing program were to: • Evaluate the data collected from the instrumentation developed to determine tube bundle fouling. • Propose methods for utilizing the new instrumentation to evaluate tube bundle fouling over time. • Compare the results of the test to design based on the Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surface Condensers (HEI) [2]. The initial results of the program demonstrate a good correlation between the actual versus projected condenser performance and tube bundle fouling by employing the methodology outlined in ASME PTC 12.2 - 1998. Santee Copper’s retubed condenser provided an excellent opportunity for the application of the new test code since the condition of the replacement heat transfer surface was known as “virtually clean”. The purpose of the testing was solely for investigative and information purposes as there was no performance “acceptance” criteria placed on the retubing project.
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Sunder Raj, Komandur S. "Steam Jet Air Ejector Performance Evaluation for Nuclear Plants." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40003.

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Improper design, operation and maintenance of the steam jet air ejector (SJAE) system result in elevated condenser pressures with attendant loss in plant capacity. Conversely, problems associated with the condenser and circulating water system may be incorrectly attributed to the SJAE system. This paper provides an overview of SJAE systems for nuclear plants. It discusses sizing of venting equipment, examines the interface of the SJAE system with the condenser, explores performance issues encountered with the SJAE system and shows how to evaluate its performance. The Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Surface Condensers and Steam Jet Vacuum Systems are also discussed. The paper provides conclusions and recommendations for troubleshooting and monitoring the performance of the SJAE system and for ensuring optimum performance.
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Ono, Kosuke, Yasunori Yamamoto, Masayoshi Mori, and Tetsuya Takada. "Experiment and Analysis on Isolation Condenser Simulator Using Pressurized Steam." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16842.

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Abstract Isolation condensers (ICs) are important passive cooling systems in BWRs. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, concerns if the IC was able to restart with the inflow of hydrogen were arose. Because ICs lose heat removal ability when non-condensable gas inflow occurs, accurate evaluation of the effect is necessary. To develop analysis methods, as an initial stage, experiments and analyses considering only high-pressure steam and water were conducted. The experiment was done by an isolation condenser simulator which contains an accumulator with heaters inside, and a heat transfer tube. From the experiment, all steam was condensed at the heat transfer tube and the approximate position of complete condensation was confirmed from the temperature distribution and the observation. The experiment provided data such as temperature distribution, natural circulation flow rate, and pressure to compare with the analysis. The analyses were conducted for 4 cases of void fraction values at the heat transfer tube inlet and found that it has a high sensitivity to condensation. The reason is estimated to be the difference in inflow velocity that strongly depends on the void fraction even if the mass flow rate is constant. And the initial condition of the liquid film also affected condensation process. Heat removal at the section before the heat transfer tube should be considered to adjust void fraction at the inlet of heat transfer tube.
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