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Journal articles on the topic 'Condition of structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Umanets, I., and V. Basarab. "Monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures under operational conditions." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 51 (2023): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2023.51(1).194-205.

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The article is devoted to monitoring the technical condition of buildings and structures in operational conditions. Monitoring the technical condition of buildings and structures helps to understand the real condition and get recommendations for eliminating defects. Assessment of the technical condition of buildings and structures is necessary to ensure their operational suitability. Usually, monitoring includes a number of different methods that allow to assess the technical condition of the object in dynamics based on periodic (monthly, weekly) observations. The relevance of research was emphasized, which was determined by the practical need to assess the technical condition of the load-bearing structures of buildings and structures under the influence of natural and climatic factors and human activity, which would allow predicting the occurrence and development of emergency situations with high reliability. The purpose of the work is established, which consists in the development of a theoretical-experimental methodology for assessing the technical condition of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures during monitoring using modern information technologies for data acquisition and processing. An analysis of modern natural (experimental) methods of assessing the technical condition of buildings and structures, as well as computer modeling methods, was carried out. The expediency of conducting the survey, which consists in establishing the real bearing capacity and operational suitability of the building (structure), is indicated. The purpose of the survey is to obtain data to determine the reliability of the building, the need for strengthening, repair, reconstruction, modernization and development of the necessary project documentation. The principles of building a system for monitoring the technical condition of buildings (buildings), the basic structure, and engineering solutions were described. An analysis of the main theoretical methods of modeling the technical condition of the building was carried out. The method of building an information system for obtaining data from sensors of physical parameters, as well as recording, processing, comparing with theoretical models and making management decisions in case of deviation of operational parameters from permissible values was given. It is proposed to solve the inverse problem using predictive mathematical models, namely: designing a building (structure) with predetermined (according to the project) parameters of technical condition and operational reliability.

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Qu, Hua, and Wei Dong Liu. "Analysis of Structural Condition and Thermodynamics Condition of Graphite Heterogeneity Nucleation in Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.576.

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Based on the empirical electron theory of solid and molecule, the valence electron structures(VESs) of graphite, CaS and MnS in cast iron are calculated, their bond-forming energy F of the structure unit and bond-forming energyEof the crystal plane are defined and calculated. Combined with the nucleation theory of the liquid metal,Fand E are applied to analyze the thermodynamics condition of graphite heterogeneity nucleation in undercooling liquid of case iron, i.e.,GL-FG>GL-FH,>. According to the coincidence lattice model of large-angle grain boundary used commonly in modern times, the corresponding structural condition is analyzed, i.e., the crystal structure of graphite should have the better lattice contract ratio with the crystal structure of its annexed heterogeneous particles.

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Ren, Jian, and Q. Liu. "Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Structure under Thermal Condition." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.973.

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A nonlinear thermal vibration characteristic of the laminate composite thin shell structures under linear temperature field is investigated by finite element method (FEM). The natural frequencies of the composite laminated thin shell structures with different boundary conditions and stacking sequence are calculated and analyzed. Numerical results show that the natural frequencies of the structure are affected by the temperature, boundary conditions and the stacking sequence; the proper stacking angle can change the natural frequencies; the effect degree on the natural frequencies of symmetric composite structures is different from that of the antisymmetric one. These conclusions can provide some guidance to structure design and heat-resistant design of composite structures.

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Agarwal, Shivangi. "A Study on Tax Structure and Economic Condition of BRICS Countries." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 14, no. 1 (2025): 813–17. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr25115185047.

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Keith, Heather, Bálint Czúcz, Bethanna Jackson, Amanda Driver, Emily Nicholson, and Joachim Maes. "A conceptual framework and practical structure for implementing ecosystem condition accounts." One Ecosystem 5 (November 9, 2020): e58216. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e58216.

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Ecosystem condition is a fundamental component in the ecosystem accounting framework as part of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA). Here, we develop a conceptual framework and present a practical structure for implementing ecosystem condition accounts to contribute to the revision process of the SEEA EEA, focussing on six core elements: (1) developing a common definition of ecosystem condition, (2) establishing a conceptual framing for ecosystem condition, (3) portraying the role of condition within the SEEA EEA accounting system, (4) deriving an inclusive multi-purpose approach, (5) describing the components of condition accounts and (6) developing a three-stage structure for reporting accounts. We develop a conceptual framework for an inclusive condition account, building on an ecological understanding of ecosystems upon which definitions, concepts, classifications and reporting structures were based. The framework encompasses the dual perspectives of first, the interdependencies of ecosystem composition, structure and function in maintaining ecosystem integrity and second, the capacity of ecosystems to supply services as benefits for humans. The following components of ecosystem condition accounts are recommended to provide comprehensive, consistent, repeatable and transparent accounts: (1) intrinsic and instrumental values, together with ecocentric and anthropocentric worldviews; (2) a formal typology or classification of characteristics, variables and indicators, based on selection criteria; (3) a reference condition used both to compare past, current and future levels of indicators of condition and as a basis for aggregation of indicators; and (4) a three-stage approach to compiling accounts with increasing levels of information and complexity that are appropriate for different purposes and applications. The recommended broad and inclusive scope of ecosystem condition and the demonstrated practical methods for implementation of accounts will enhance the ecosystem accounting framework and thus support a wider range of current and potential applications and users.

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Svenonius, Peter. "Extending the extension condition to discontinuous idioms." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2005 5 (December 31, 2005): 227–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.5.08sve.

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This paper makes a specific proposal regarding the structure of idioms as they are listed in the lexicon, which has important ramifications. Specifically, I suggest that first Merge as well as internal Merge can target subconstituents of structures already built by Merge. This creates structures which I call Banyan trees, in which there is more than one undominated node. I suggest that this model, together with certain assumptions about phases and about the functional sequence of syntactic heads, derive important facts about the structure of idioms.

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KELLEHER, DANIEL J., BENJAMIN A. STEINHURST, and CHUEN-MING M. WONG. "FROM SELF-SIMILAR STRUCTURES TO SELF-SIMILAR GROUPS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 22, no. 07 (2012): 1250056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196712500567.

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We explore the relationship between the limit spaces of contracting self-similar groups and self-similar structures. We give the condition on a contracting group such that its limit space admits a self-similar structure, and also the condition such that this self-similar structure is post-critically finite (p.c.f.). We then give necessary and sufficient conditions for a p.c.f. self-similar structure to be the limit space of a contracting self-similar group. When these conditions hold we give a construction of the contracting group. Finally, we illustrate our results with several examples.

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Orlova, Svetlana Sergeevna, Tatiana Anatolievna Pankova, Olga Valentinovna Mikheeva, and Elena Nikolaevna Mirkina. "Monitoring condition of hydrotechnical structures." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 28, 2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i9pp98-103.

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Monitoring condition of hydrotechnical structures conducted to ensure the management of the rational and safe operation of the waterworks. Based on the results of regular interconnected control observations of the state of the GTS, a database of observations is compiled. On its basis, analysis and evaluation of the forecast of the development of negative processes at the facility and development of recommendations for their overcoming and elimination of identified violations are carried out; prevention of emergency situations; creation of conditions for safe operation. Monitoring safety GTS carried out on the example of hydrotechnical structures of the blocking regulatory structure of the Aleksandrovogai reservoir in the Saratov region. The main quantitative and qualitative indicators and their criteria values are given. It is recommended that during operation, visual observations be carried out daily, instrumental observations - at least 1 time in 3 years, in addition to this, at least once every two weeks to inspect the hydraulic structures with the results recorded in the appropriate journal. Systematic visual observations should be supplemented by pre-flood and post-flood inspections of structures, as well as unscheduled inspections carried out after extreme events accompanied by damage to structures. Particular attention should be paid to observing the filtration regime in the body and base of the dam, the state of fastening of the inlet and outlet heads, closures and pipelines of the outlet structure.

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Quang Cuong, Dinh, and Vu Dan Chinh. "Estimation of Overall Fatigue Life of Jack-up Leg Structure." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 3 (2022): 488–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-03-06.

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Jack-up platforms are designed to work in three conditions: Transit, Preloading and Operating. The fatigue life of the jack-up platforms in operating condition will be determined to be similar to that of offshore fixed steel structures. In preloading conditions, fatigue damage is usually ignored. Up to now, the fatigue damage of the jack-up leg structure in transit conditions has been calculated at approximately 20% of the total fatigue damage of the jack-up leg structure in two conditions (transit and operating). The approximate calculation method is usually accepted by consultants and register agencies. If the approximation is used, the fatigue life of the jack-up leg structure will be calculated only as for the jacket structure of the fixed offshore structure, with 80% of the allowable fatigue life based on standards. The approximation proved to have many disadvantages: the different travel times of each jack-up rig cannot be mentioned; hot spots that need to be maintained during the transit condition have not been pointed out; it is difficult to guarantee the safety of the jack-up leg structures in the transit condition. In order to overcome the limitations of the approximation method, this paper will propose a method to predict the overall fatigue life of the jack-up leg structure in three main problems. Firstly, we use the analysis method of fatigue of fixed steel offshore structures for jack-up leg structures in operating conditions. Secondly, we suggest a method to analyze the fatigue of the structures in transit conditions. Herein, motion analysis and determination of inertia forces on the leg structure are performed by the Boundary Element Model (BEM) in SACS software. Then the inertia forces are assigned to a Finite Element Model (FEM) in SACS to decide the internal forces of the structures. Hotspot stresses are determined by combining nominal stress from FE analysis results with a concentrated stress factor from the analysis of joint local models in the ANSYS program. Then, fatigue damage and fatigue life of hotspots of the structure are determined in the transit condition. Finally, a formula is suggested to determine total fatigue damage in operating conditions and transit conditions with different cases in relation to different fraction factors. These results are used to predict fatigue life corresponding to the most dangerous cases of structural joints. These new suggestions are applied to fatigue analysis for jack-up Tam Dao 05. Currently, the Tam Dao 05 platform has been operating in the Vietnam East Sea. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-06 Full Text: PDF

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Peña, Jorge, Bin Wu, and Arne Traulsen. "Ordering structured populations in multiplayer cooperation games." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 114 (2016): 20150881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0881.

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Spatial structure greatly affects the evolution of cooperation. While in two-player games the condition for cooperation to evolve depends on a single structure coefficient, in multiplayer games the condition might depend on several structure coefficients, making it difficult to compare different population structures. We propose a solution to this issue by introducing two simple ways of ordering population structures: the containment order and the volume order. If population structure is greater than population structure in the containment or the volume order, then can be considered a stronger promoter of cooperation. We provide conditions for establishing the containment order, give general results on the volume order, and illustrate our theory by comparing different models of spatial games and associated update rules. Our results hold for a large class of population structures and can be easily applied to specific cases once the structure coefficients have been calculated or estimated.

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Sazonova, Svetlana, Sergey Nikolenko, Olga Kutsygina, et al. "Natural resource management in the engineering protection of puppet theater structures from external impacts." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337105005.

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The paper considers the management of natural resources with their negative impact on the public building structure. Recommendations for the engineering protection of the object under consideration from atmospheric precipitation that damages the building structure have been developed. The paper considers the test report of the load-bearing structures of the puppet theater building. Based on the performed surveys of the technical condition, it was found that the operational safety and durability of the building structure do not meet the current regulatory documents requirements. Based on the instrumental survey of the load-bearing structure of the building, conclusions about the required conditions for ensuring the safety of operation were made. Also the proposals for the further normal operation of the building were made. Measures to improve the technical condition of the tested elements of building structures have been developed. The following is recommended: to ensure the fulfillment of technical conditions for water-bearing communications; make a waterproof coating of sidewalks; maintain the required temperature and humidity conditions necessary for the maintenance of premises, basements and technical undergrounds; modernize the wastewater collection system from the recovering of the open gallery; perform weather protection of the joints of steel beams of the gallery ceiling with columns; perform corrosion protection of steel structures; perform a number of works to protect the outer walls of the building structure and the technical base from moisture; to constantly monitor the condition of the building.

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Chen, Wenjing, Juan Sun, Xianyu Su, and Xintian Bian. "Discuss the structure condition and sampling condition of wavelet transform profilometry." Journal of Modern Optics 54, no. 18 (2007): 2747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340701219426.

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Yan, Yang, Sheng Li, and Xiao Long Jin. "Application of Independent Component Analysis in Structural Condition Identification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4061.

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One kind of structure condition identification method based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is proposed in this paper. The change of structure condition is identified by the feature index extracted from structure vibration signals. It is effectual to identify the structure condition by transforming the test signals into the statistic characteristic space. The correlation coefficient is introduced to measure the correlative degree between the statistical characteristic of two structure conditions and the damage characteristic extraction index based on ICA is constructed. Considering the structure actual situation, assume the undamaged condition or small damaged condition as the benchmark condition. The analysis of structure vibration experiment indicate that the ICA characteristic index can identify the difference between damaged and benchmark condition and this method of ICA is practicable.

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Han, Fang, Dong Wang Zhong, and Ji Yun Mo. "Discriminant Condition of Influencing Dynamic Response for Structure-Equipment System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1477.

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In structure-equipment system, there are complex dynamic interactions between structures and equipments. A fast discriminant condition whether the interaction will increase or decrease dynamic response of the structure is achieved in this paper. When the load frequency lies between the basic frequencies of the combined system, it decreases the absolute response of the structure and vice versa. In engineering project, the seismic load can be expanded based on ground characteristic frequency by Fourier transform, so our conclusion can be extended to seismic design for combined systems. Finite element method simulation for a chemical workshop further verifies the discriminant condition.

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Usov, V. V., M. D. Rabkina, N. M. Shkatulyak, N. I. Rybak, and O. O. Stofel. "Application of fractal analysis in diagnostics of technical condition of metal structure elements." Paton Welding Journal 2022, no. 4 (2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2022.04.08.

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Zhao, Xiaoyang, Xingzhe Zhu, Xin Xiao, Junmin Nan, Meng Xu, and Chen Wu. "Molecular structures of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid for removing calcium sulfate scale under different pH conditions." RSC Advances 13, no. 28 (2023): 19058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra03052k.

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Bui, Son Truong. "Evaluation of earth pressure on buried pipes and stability of surroundings according to construction condition." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 1 (2015): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i1.942.

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Earth pressure on buried pipes structure depends not only on soil type, shape and dimension of structure but also on depth, shape and dimension of excavated holes and other factors such as structure load, underground water level. Based on the selected and modified computational scheme with self-established program, the earth pressure on pipe structures according to the construction condition is evaluated and analysed. It is recommended to choose the buried depth for structure in “cut and cover” excavation method so that the influence of earth pressure is reasonably steady from the buried point downward. The replacement of backfill material to cohesive material partially can help to reduce significantly the earth pressure on the buried structure. In addition, evaluation of the the degree of approaching to limit state in surroundings in bored tunnelling excavation allows for analysing the stability in various geological conditions according to the appearance of plastic zone. The research results are useful for calculating and arranging underground structures reasonably in actual condition

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Omidi Bidgoli, Mostafa, Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, Michal Petrů, and Nima Amiri. "Optimum Design of Sunken Reinforced Enclosures under Buckling Condition." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238449.

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Increasing the lifetime and improving the performance of structures through redesign and optimization are important, especially in marine structures. In general, there are two main groups of marine structures: onshore and offshore structures. Most marine structures are offshore, and these are divided into two categories: floating or sunken. One of the important parameters in the design of sunken structures is the critical load resulting from the buckling of walls, which can cause damage to the structure. In the present paper, three rectangular aluminum and steel compartments of different conditions and sizes were modeled using design analysis methods. Then, different finite element analyses were performed, and the compartments were optimized to reduce the weight of the structure. Finally, the buckling results of three types of rectangular reinforced compartments were calculated and were compared with each other. The results show that the stresses calculated using the analytical method are in good agreement with the results of the finite element analyses. In addition, the weight of the compartment is reduced by utilizing the reinforced conductors in accordance with the design principles and considering the minimum thickness.

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Köhncke, Martin, and Sylvia Keβler. "Condition Information Models in the context of Structural Health Monitoring." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (2023): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2069.

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AbstractThe realistic modelling of condition of structures with building information modelling (BIM) is beneficial for the assessment of structures. Condition survey in form of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and testing is one important source of data to support this task. However, the interpretation of data is even more reliable if the condition – or in the worst case – the damage of the particular structure is known. Therefore, the condition information should be easily available and preferably machine interpretable. Currently, standards for the integration and processing of condition/ damage information in BIM are missing. The integration of condition/ damage information in the BIM method is necessary for a more realistic representation of the structure. Going beyond the as‐build information towards the as‐is condition of the structure it requires information from Non‐Destructive‐Testing (NDT) and inspections in the BIM model. For that purpose, besides the information itself, it is crucial to define the interfaces between NDT and BIM for an automated transfer of data. The accuracy and reliability of the NDT methods is of importance to enable condition assessment. Consequently, this contribution provides a comprehensive approach for the integration of SHM and NDT data in BIM.

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Hu, Guoce, Jun Wang, Huaxia Deng, Mengchao Ma, and Xiang Zhong. "Non-Contact Global Measurement of the Engine in Working Condition." Photonics 10, no. 7 (2023): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070801.

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Vibration measurements are essential for studying the dynamic properties of structures, as they can better capture the global characteristics of the structure. This paper proposes a three-dimensional measurement method based on projected structured light to address the challenge of measuring the vibration information of engine pipes during operation. By using the data obtained from this method and applying the time domain analysis method for modal analysis, the modal parameters of the engine under operating conditions can be obtained. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by comparing it with different measurement methods, and it provides an effective solution for modal identification of engines under operating conditions.

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Deonna, Julien. "The Structure of Empathy." Journal of Moral Philosophy 4, no. 1 (2007): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468107077385.

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AbstractIf Sam empathizes with Maria, then it is true of Sam that (1) Sam is aware of Maria's emotion, and (2) Sam ‘feels in tune’ with Maria. On what I call thetransparency conception of how they interact when instantiated, I argue that these two conditions are collectively necessary and sufficient for empathy. I first clarify the ‘awareness’ and ‘feeling in tune’ conditions, and go on to examine different candidate models that explain the manner in which these two conditions might come to be concomitantly instantiated in a subject. I dismiss what I call theparallel and oscillation models for not satisfying the transparency condition, i.e. for failing to capture that, if Sam empathizes with Maria, then Sam's own emotional experience towards the object of Maria's emotion has to be mediated by Maria's own emotional experience. I conclude in favour the fusion model as the only model capable of satisfying the transparency condition, and I argue that the suggested proposal illuminates the difference between it and other ways in which we understand the emotions of others. Finally, I expand and clarify the conception of empathy as transparency through responses to obvious objections that the view raises.

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Greenberg, B. A., M. A. Ivanov, A. V. Inozemtsev, M. S. Pushkin, A. M. Patselov, and Y. R. Besshaposhnikov. "Structure and properties of the deformed condition." Deformation and Fracture of Materials, no. 8 (2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1814-4632-2020-8-11-15.

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Petrichenko, Mikhail, Darya Tarasova, and Darya Nemova. "Unsteady Temperature Condition of the Enclosure Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.57.

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In this article the influence of external temperature fluctuations on temperature of the enclosure structures are defined, a selection of optimum heating system for thermal energy saving are offered, thickness of penetration layer of a temperature wave are defined. Fourier's differential equation of heat conductivity process in a solid body is solved and analysed.

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Lin, Xue Hui, Zhao Lu, and Ren Yu Zuo. "Costal Structure Design with Wave Condition Prediction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1243.

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This paper introduces a coastal structure design to protect a reclamation site, which will be fixed at a level of +8 m above the chart datum. A jetty will be also used for loading and unloading of materials from the plant that will be developed on the nearby reclamation site. From the given site contours and water depth data, the bottom slope of the sandy foreshore can be determined. In order to design the coastal structure, the wave climate must be considered and analyzed in priority. For the vertical breakwater to be located on the other side of the berth jetty, the required base and height was determined. In addition, the seawalls for the reclamation platform were analyzed at different water depths.

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Chang, David C. Y. "The Breakover Condition for the PNPN Structure." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 2, No. 2 (1989): L169—L172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.l169.

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Yang, Q., X. Chen, and W. Y. Zhou. "Relationship between normality structure and orthogonality condition." Mechanics Research Communications 32, no. 5 (2005): 582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.01.010.

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Choulli, Tahir, and Jun Deng. "Structure condition under initial enlargement of filtration." Science China Mathematics 60, no. 2 (2016): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11425-015-0695-4.

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Ashley, Jeff, and L. E. Holloway. "An equivalent LTL/Kripke structure for the condition sequence/condition system model." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 18 (2004): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30722-x.

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Janardan, Ankita. "Assessment of RC Frame Structure under Different Seismic Condition." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 1852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61930.

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Abstract: Structures in seismic zones are especially prone to collapse during significant ground motion occurrences. This susceptibility is sometimes linked to flaws in seismic design principles, notably in the selection of suitable structural systems. Equivalent static analysis, which is often employed in seismic design, may not accurately account for the structure's strength and stiffness. As a result, ground floor columns may become highly reinforced, thereby lowering ductility, and causing poor performance. This thesis offers a parametric study of an RC frame structure developed for various seismic zones. The finite element software is used to model the structure to investigate performance levels. Pushover analysis was performed to determine the structure's seismic capacity and behavior under various seismic conditions. Parametric research employing RC Frames with demand variation was done to investigate the structure's behavior in different seismicity zones across the country

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Jackson, Angus, Rodger Tomlinson, Bobbie Corbett, and Darrell Strauss. "LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OF A SUBMERGED COASTAL CONTROL STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF THE NARROWNECK MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ARTIFICIAL REEF." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.54.

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In response to the increasing occurrences of beach erosion along Surfers Paradise and Main Beaches - Gold Coast, Australia, the Northern Gold Coast Beach Protection Strategy [NGCBPS] was developed to widen the beach by 20-30m as well as improving surfing conditions as a secondary objective. The strategy, implemented in 1999- 2000, involved large-scale beach nourishment and construction of a submerged breakwater “reef” to act as a control point at Narrowneck. Construction of the reef involved innovative filling and placement methods using very large sand filled geotextile containers coupled with significant advances with regards to design of the geotextile material and containers. In the 11 years since construction, there has been substantial monitoring of the project since its completion in late 2000 including: - video imaging using webcams; hydrographic and beach surveys; aerial and oblique photography; surf and surf safety observations and GPS surfing track plots; and geotextile container condition and stability. This paper presents an update on the performance of the reef over the last four years. In particular, the response of the structure and the shoreline to a series of major storm events in 2009 has been examined. The results have shown that the erosion caused by these major events was accommodated within the wider beach created in 1999. Over the next 2 years there was a gradual recovery in the lee of the reef with a subtle groyne effect resulting in an even larger increase in the width of the updrift beach. A detailed underwater condition survey was also undertaken in 2011, to determine changes in the condition of the geotextile containers. This revealed a number of containers missing or damaged, and that seaward containers were covered by sand. The marine habitat which has been a feature of the reef has been impacted by the increased coverage of sand, but still shows high abundance and biodiversity.

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Soo Lon Wah, William, and Yung-Tsang Chen. "A new approach toward damage localization and quantification of structures under changing temperature condition." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 3 (2018): 572–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418793079.

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Most damage detection methods developed in the literature cannot give the locations and extent of damages under the presence of varying temperature condition. This is because temperature condition changes the vibration properties of a structure, which are commonly analyzed for damage detection, and temperature gradient throughout the structure makes it difficult to create a baseline for the undamaged structure, as the baseline is generally constructed using features obtained under a wide range of temperature conditions. In this paper, a new insight on how to approach damage detection using only a single temperature condition to create the baseline is proposed. This approach solves the damage detection under changing temperature problem in two stages by first quantifying the change of stiffness of all the elements in a structure due to temperature and damage effects, followed by removing the temperature effect, a global effect, to give the actual damage locations and extent. Using single temperature condition allows new measurements to be compared to a benchmark so that local deviation can be obtained, thus making the damaged elements identifiable. The proposed approach is tested using a beam structure model and a shear building under different gradient temperature conditions, and the results demonstrate that the method successfully eliminates the change in elemental stiffness due to temperature effect and gives correct damage locations and extent. The approach can be implemented with other existing damage detection methods that did not consider the effect of temperature so that structures under varying temperature condition can be analyzed.

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Wei, Zhuo Bin, and Ke Liu. "Structural Damage Identification Method and Program Designing Based on Statistical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.283.

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In order to realize the monitoring for the large-scale structures and find the change of its condition, a new damage feature factor is put forward. The damage feature factor is based on the PCA (principle component analysis) theory, analyzing the object of AR (Auto-regressive) model coefficient by the constant load, utilizing the theory of ellipse control figure. Then a program is designed combining the damage identification method with LabVIEW. Finally, an experiment is conducted on a steel frame model under different conditions. The results show that the first two principle components contain the main information of the structure condition, and the method can identify the changes of the structure condition correctly. Besides, the program works well and gives sound and light alarm under the damage condition.

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Huang, Yang Feng, Ye Bin Cai, and Hao Liu. "Preparation of Chrysotile Nanotubes under Hydrothermal Condition." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.688.

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In a neutral environment, Chrysotile nanotubes have been synthesized by hydrothermal method, with MgO and SiO2powder as the starting materials. X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) are used to characterize the crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared samples. We found that the diameter of Chrysotile is uniform. Their outer diameter is about 30~50 nm and the inner diameter is about 6~8 nm. The length of them is a few hundred nanometers. The XRD analysis indicates that the as-prepared Chrysotile is a Rhombohedral structures. The results of HRTEM and SAED showed that the {006} planes of serpentine roll up along the [600] direction to form the tubular structure. In addition, the curves of temperature and pressure with time showed that the water might participate in the reaction.

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Zhang, Chen, Zhi Gang Yang, and Yin Zhi He. "Analysis of Structure Dynamic Characteristics of a Metal Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1075.

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Modal analysis is a modern method to study structure dynamic characteristics. In this paper, computational modal analysis with Finite Element Method is applied to simulate an aluminum plate with the dimension of 160mm*240mm*1.5mm under different boundary conditions (Including free boundary condition and fixed boundary condition). The results of structure natural frequencies and mode shapes of this plate show obvious difference between the two boundary conditions.

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SINHA, B. B., and R. N. YADAV. "UNIFIED CONTACT STRUCTURE." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 22, no. 2 (1991): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.22.1991.4584.

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A necessary and sufficient condition that a $C^\infty$ manifold to admits anunified contad structure is established. A condition is obtained so that it becomes P-Sasakian. A linear connection in it is defined so its distributions are parallel.

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Nannan, Wu, Sakai Yasuhiko, Nagata Kouji, Suzuki Hiroki, Terashima Osamu, and Hayase Toshiyuki. "1010 EFFECTS OF INITIAL CONDITION ON COHERENT STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF TURBULENT PLANE JETS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1010–1_—_1010–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1010-1_.

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Khasanov, B. B., A. E. Adilkhuzhaev, R. K. Choriev, B. M. Azizova, I. Umarov, and T. A. Mirzaev. "Study of the hygrometric condition of cement stone and concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 410 (2023): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341003037.

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Cement systems are thermodynamically non-equilibrium, non-linear systems. Since it is far from equilibrium, it must be characterised by structure formation processes. Here it is necessary to consider the definition of ‘structure formation’. This term is used in two meanings. The first is generally accepted in concrete science -the formation of mechanical bonds between the dispersed particles of a solidifying system as a result of ongoing chemical and physicochemical processes, culminating in the formation of a solid body -the cement stone and concrete. The second meaning of the term describes the emergence of dissipative structures, i.e. the destruction of the initial homogeneity of the system due to the emergence of streams, concentration gradients, chemical waves, etc. By measuring the parameters of the resulting dissipative structures of different formation methods, it is possible to assess the degree of disequilibrium in the solidifying system and hence the directed methods of structure formation and structure optimisation. It should also be noted that a non-linear, non-equilibrium hydration process leading to a concentration potential difference proceeds with equal probability in all directions. Applying a gradient of a high-intensity physical field to the disperse system, one should expect a synchronisation of the fluctuations of the concentration potential of local areas of the disperse system, which will result in a sharp increase of the physical and mechanical properties of the hydration products of the binder and of the concrete in general.

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Zhang, Qian, Xinyu Wang, Jianguo Cai, Jingyao Zhang, and Jian Feng. "Closed-Form Solutions for the Form-Finding of Regular Tensegrity Structures by Group Elements." Symmetry 12, no. 3 (2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030374.

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An analytical form-finding method for regular tensegrity structures based on the concept of force density is presented. The self-equilibrated state can be deduced linearly in terms of force densities, and then we apply eigenvalue decomposition to the force density matrix to calculate its eigenvalues. The eigenvalues are enforced to satisfy the non-degeneracy condition to fulfill the self-equilibrium condition. So the relationship between force densities can also be obtained, which is followed by the super-stability examination. The method has been developed to deal with planar tensegrity structure, prismatic tensegrity structure (triangular prism, quadrangular prism, and pentagonal prism) and star-shaped tensegrity structure by group elements to get closed-form solutions in terms of force densities, which satisfies the super stable conditions.

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Arslan, Bahar, Samuel D. Relton, and Marcel Schweitzer. "Structured level-2 condition numbers of matrix functions." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 40 (January 12, 2024): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2024.7905.

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Matrix functions play an increasingly important role in many areas of scientific computing and engineering disciplines. In such real-world applications, algorithms working in floating-point arithmetic are used for computing matrix functions and additionally input data might be unreliable, e.g., due to measurement errors. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the sensitivity of matrix functions to perturbations, which is measured by condition numbers. However, the condition number itself might not be computed exactly as well due to round-off and errors in the input. The sensitivity of the condition number is measured by the so-called level-2 condition number. For the usual (level-1) condition number, it is well known that structured condition numbers (i.e., where only perturbations are taken into account that preserve the structure of the input matrix) might be much smaller than unstructured ones, which, e.g., suggests that structure-preserving algorithms for matrix functions might yield much more accurate results than general-purpose algorithms. In this work, we present a novel upper bound on the structured level-2 condition number, focusing on perturbation matrices within an automorphism group, a Lie or Jordan algebra, or the space of quasi-triangular matrices. In numerical experiments, we then compare the unstructured level-2 condition number with the structured one for some specific matrix functions such as the matrix logarithm, matrix square root, and matrix exponential.

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Liu, Dong Hai, Jiang Zheng, and Zi Long Li. "Reliability Analysis of Hydraulic Tunnel Lining Structure with Stochastic Finite Elements Method." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3267.

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Many uncertain factors, e.g. surrounding rock physical and mechanical characteristics, are important influence effecting on lining structure safety. By comprehensively considering uncertainties of surrounding rock conditions (lining structure and initial stress), we put forward a new method used to quantitative analysis on the lining structure safety. Analyzing the uncertainties and their distribution characteristics of hydraulic tunnels, we adopted stochastic finite elements method to calculate failure probability of lining structures corresponding to various geological conditions, and then the reliability and sensitivity were achieved. Applying the presented method to a practical project, we got the failure probability of the tunnel lining structure under the construction condition, which provided great support for structure optimal design and tunnel construction safety protection.

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Wiyanto, Henny, Chaidir Anwar Makarim, Onnyxiforus Gondokusumo, et al. "Determining Concrete Structure Condition Rating Based on Concrete Compressive Strength." Buildings 12, no. 6 (2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060776.

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The need for concrete condition assessment for existing buildings increases because of high disaster vulnerability levels, as well as a large number of buildings that have reached their age of use. Currently, there is not any standard reference for assessing concrete condition rating yet, so a concrete condition assessment method that can be measured quantitatively needs to be developed. The developed concrete condition assessment method combines concrete condition assessment based on visual inspection and testing. Assessment measures start with an assessment of visual inspection results, which is continued with concrete compressive strength testing. This article contains a concrete condition assessment based on concrete compressive strength testing. This method determines the concrete condition rating scale using five condition ratings as a reference for building condition assessment. The limit value of each condition rating is taken from concrete compressive strength values that are structurally sufficient, according to the structural concrete requirement code for buildings. Concrete compressive strength values have resulted from non-destructive tests and destructive or loading tests. Building condition rating (BCR) value determination factors in the effect of structure element damage towards building structure and concrete testing result accuracy rating, and also can decrease inaccuracy towards concrete quality condition rating determination on scale limit values, and minimize error risks in determining damage condition rating. The resulting method has the advantage of assessing structure element condition rating and building condition rating (BCR) that can be measured quantitatively, has five assessment scale ratings that can portray building conditions having to be demolished, and calculates structure element critical weight.

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Zhangabay, N., S. Bakhbergen, Zh Aldiyarov, T. Tursunkululy, and A. Kolesnikov. "Analysis of thermal efficiency of external fencing made of innovative ceramic blocks." Construction materials and products 7, no. 3 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-3-1.

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The paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study of the external fencing structure made of innovative Porortherm 38 ceramic blocks in comparison with traditional structures made of solid ceramic brick, hollow ceramic brick and gas block. The study was conducted in the climatic conditions of Shymkent city, South Kazakhstan. The middle temperature values of the frostiest 5 days with a provision of 0,92 were adopted as the external temperature. The results of the study of the actual resistance (Rf) of the structures under study showed that all adopted structures meet the condition Rf˃Rreq, while the actual resistance of the new structure is 1.3 times more efficient than traditional ones. The analysis of temperature fields showed that the new structure is 2% more efficient than traditional ones. Moreover, no additional insulation costs are required. The obtained results were also confirmed by computer modeling in the ELCUT software package. The results of calculating the humidity regime showed that a condensation area appears in almost all the structures under consideration. The results of calculating the amount of moisture evaporated from the multicoat structure of the external fencing during the torrefaction period showed that all the accumulated moisture will evaporate during the specified period, the calculation of the condition of inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the structures of external fencings for an annual period and for the period of moisture accumulation showed that all the considered structures meet the requirement . The results of calculating the air regime of multicoat structures of external fencings also showed that all structures including the new one meet the condition . The result of calculating the value of thermal inertia (D) in the proposed structure is up to three times more efficient than traditional structures, which applies to structures with high inertia (7˂D). The obtained results of the study indicate that the new proposal of a structure made of ceramics is cost-effective, innovative blocks can be proposed as a supplement to the register of materials of existing standards.

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Zozulák, Marek, and Dušan Katunský. "Numerical and experimental determination of in-structure temperature profiles." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 10, no. 1 (2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2015-0007.

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Abstract When building physics simulations are done initial conditions express the actual hygrothermal state of building envelope. For the temperature field simulations initial condition is represented by the initial temperature in the body profile at the start of heat transfer. In-structure temperature varies quickly so temperature initial conditions are often neglected. Nevertheless in specific cases initial conditions have to be taken into an account even when simple temperature field simulations are done. The contribution shows various temperature initial conditions determination for insulated construction of outdoor test cell. Comparison of measured and calculated temperature profiles in structure shows correctness of start-up pre-calculation initial condition consideration

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Hou, Guoqiang, Hua Su, Guoding Chen, and Yuhai Tian. "Performance analysis of compliant cylindrical intershaft seal." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (2020): 003685042094195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420941957.

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To improve the intershaft seal performance of the dual-rotor turbofan engine and extend the life of the intershaft seal, a compliant cylindrical aerodynamic intershaft seal structure is proposed, which avoids the problem of leakage increase after tooth wear of intershaft labyrinth seal. According to the proposed seal structure, the force condition of the floating seal ring is analyzed, and an aeroelastic coupling method for the floating seal ring eccentricity is presented. And the leakage characteristics, with different seal structures and operating conditions are calculated and compared when the two rotors are under homodromy/counter-rotating condition. The results show that, for the dual-rotor cylindrical hydrodynamic gas film seal, the hydrodynamic effect under homodromy condition is enhanced greatly while the hydrodynamic effect is significantly weakened under counter-rotating condition; the rotational direction of rotors, seal width, rotor circular precession eccentricity, rotational speed and rotor radius all have pronounced influence on the seal performance. For the application of hydrodynamic form of compliant cylindrical intershaft seal, the seal performance under homodromy condition is better than that under counter-rotating condition.

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Alampalli, Sreenivas. "Significance of Operating Environment in Condition Monitoring of Large Civil Structures." Shock and Vibration 6, no. 5-6 (1999): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/135201.

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Success of remote long-term condition monitoring of large civil structures and developing calibrated analytical models for damage detection, depend significantly on establishing accurate baseline signatures and their sensitivity. Most studies reported in the literature concentrated on the effect of structural damage on modal parameters without emphasis on reliability of modal parameters. Thus, a field bridge structure was studied for the significance of operating conditions in relation to baseline signatures. Results indicate that in practice, civil structures should be monitored for at least one full cycle of in-service environmental changes before establishing baselines for condition monitoring or calibrating finite-element models. Boundary conditions deserve special attention.

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Liu, Jun, Li Li, Yue Yang Liu, Wen Yu Gao, Rui Jin, and Kun Shan Yu. "Simulation Research of Tapered Sidewall Trench Superjunction MOSFETs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1196.

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This paper studied the relationship of breakdown voltage and charge imbalance of 600V tapered sidewall trench superjunction MOSFETs. Simulation structures including three types of structures: 600V vertical sidewall trench superjunction MOSFET (Type1) and 600V tapered sidewall trench superjunction MOSFET (Type2 and Type3). Under the condition of P-column and N-column uniform doping, Type1 structure has the highest peak breakdown voltage. Type2 structure has the lowest peak breakdown voltage under the condition of P-column doping concentration slightly lower than N-column doping concentration. The peak breakdown voltage of structure Type3 is higher than Type2, but the sensitivity of breakdown voltage in the charge imbalance state is the highest. The Gaussian dopant profile in P-column can make the peak breakdown voltage of the tapered sidewall trench superjunction MOSFET achieved the same level of the peak breakdown voltage of the vertical sidewall trench superjunction MOSFET. It is concluded that the sensitivity of breakdown voltage in the charge imbalance state is related to the structure: Type2 structure under the condition of P-column undercompensation and Type3 structure under the condition of P-column overcompensation are both beneficial to the process control.

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Arafat, Rehman, and M.P. Verma Dr. "The building structure construction in a period of last 25 years is become enlarge and become more important in development of India and to built infrastructure." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 5 (2022): 1291–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6690858.

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The building structure construction in a period of last 25 years is become enlarge and become more important in development of India and to built infrastructure. Concrete structures construction taken place very rapidly due to the shifting of rural populations to urban areas is mainly due to urban biases in terms of development and economic opportunities. It has been observed in developing countries that urban residents have a better standard of living. In this study we focus on old structure which is constructed before, need special attention for maintenance, repair rehabilitation. The purpose of this Research to understand the important of monitoring the condition of old concrete building, durability and reliability of concrete structures. Therefore, effective methods for evaluating the dilapidated level are required to proposed repair technique. This leads to use combined development of several non destructive test methods. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test over any concrete structure reflects its conditions. Several physical and chemical properties of concrete structures significantly influence the density condition. Rebound hammer test provide compressive strength. Cover meter test provide cover details as well as reinforcements details and all this test combine will determine the present condition of reinforced concrete structures and by optimization and analysis of all these tests jointly would be significant for planning maintenances and replacement of old buildings.

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김병로. "A Path to Reconciliation : Condition, Process and Structure." Journal of Peace and Unification Studies 11, no. 2 (2019): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35369/jpus.11.2.201912.39.

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Métivier, Guy. "The Block Structure Condition for Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 32, no. 6 (2000): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024609300007517.

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Asante, Molefi Kete, and Deborah F. Atwater. "The rhetorical condition as symbolic structure in discourse." Communication Quarterly 34, no. 2 (1986): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463378609369631.

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