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Journal articles on the topic 'Conditional strategy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Langford, Peter E. "Obligation Conditionals in a Nonstandard Conditional Selection Task: General versus Specific Reasoning Strategies as a False Dichotomy." Psychological Reports 87, no. 3_suppl (December 2000): 1203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3f.1203.

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The paper reports a study comparing performance on obligation and causal conditionals in the explicit standard order conditional selection task. Analysis indicated that both general and specific reasoning strategies are used when a request is given to disprove obligation conditionals, contradicting the prevalent view that only one of the two kinds of strategy is used and confirming the 1993 suggestions of Evans and later ones by Evans and Over. The incidence of general reasoning strategies in this situation is reduced, compared to that for other kinds of conditional in a disproof task probably because a specific reasoning strategy is available that is easier to use.

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2

HAZEL, WADE, and RICHARD SMOCK. "Inheritance in the Conditional Strategy Revisited." Journal of Theoretical Biology 204, no. 2 (May 2000): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2013.

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3

Jamali, M. A., D. Ait‐Kadi, R. Cléroux, and A. Artiba. "Joint optimal periodic and conditional maintenance strategy." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 11, no. 2 (June 2005): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552510510601311.

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4

Gross, Mart R., and Joe Repka. "Stability with Inheritance in the Conditional Strategy." Journal of Theoretical Biology 192, no. 4 (June 1998): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0665.

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5

Sonnweber, Ruth S., Jorg J. M. Massen, and W. Tecumseh Fitch. "Post-copulatory grooming: a conditional mating strategy?" Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69, no. 11 (August 13, 2015): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1987-9.

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6

Hoffmann, Ary A., and Zena Cacoyianni. "Territoriality in Drosophila melanogaster as a conditional strategy." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 3 (September 1990): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80533-0.

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7

Nguyen, Q., H. D. Pham, D. Cassi, and M. Bellingeri. "Conditional attack strategy for real-world complex networks." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 530 (September 2019): 121561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121561.

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8

Tomkins, Joseph L., and Wade Hazel. "The status of the conditional evolutionarily stable strategy." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.002.

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9

Chen, Liangliang, Ying Ye, Hongxia Dai, Heyao Zhang, Xue Zhang, Qiang Wu, Zhexin Zhu, Rapolas Spalinskas, Wenyan Ren, and Wensheng Zhang. "User-Friendly Genetic Conditional Knockout Strategies by CRISPR/Cas9." Stem Cells International 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9576959.

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Loss-of-function studies are critically important in gene functional analysis of model organisms and cells. However, conditional gene inactivation in diploid cells is difficult to achieve, as it involves laborious vector construction, multifold electroporation, and complicated genotyping. Here, a strategy is presented for generating biallelic conditional gene and DNA regulatory region knockouts in mouse embryonic stem cells by codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 and short-homology-arm targeting vectors sequentially or simultaneously. Collectively, a simple and rapid method was presented to knock out any DNA element conditionally. This approach will facilitate the functional studies of essential genes and regulatory regions during development.

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Rowe, David C., Alexander T. Vazsonyi, and Aurelio Jose Figueredo. "Mating-effort in adolescence: A conditional or alternative strategy." Personality and Individual Differences 23, no. 1 (July 1997): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00005-6.

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Vélez-Espino, Luis A., Robert L. McLaughlin, and Melissa Robillard. "Ecological advantages of partial migration as a conditional strategy." Theoretical Population Biology 85 (May 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2013.01.004.

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12

REDBO-TORSTENSSON, PETER, and HENRIK BERG. "Seasonal cleistogamy: a conditional strategy to provide reproductive assurance." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44, no. 3 (September 1995): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00783.x.

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13

Karimpouli, Sadegh, and Pejman Tahmasebi. "Conditional reconstruction: An alternative strategy in digital rock physics." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 4 (July 2016): D465—D477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0260.1.

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Digital rock physics (DRP) is a newly developed method based on imaging and digitizing of 3D pore and mineral structure of actual rock and numerically computing rock physical properties, such as permeability, elastic moduli, and formation factor. Modern high-resolution microcomputed tomography scanners are used for imaging, but these devices are not widely available, and 3D imaging is also costly and it is a time-consuming procedure. However, recent improvements of 3D reconstruction algorithms such as crosscorrelation-based simulation and, on the other side, the concept of rock physical trends have provided some new avenues in DRP. We have developed a modified work flow using higher order statistical methods. First, a high-resolution 2D image is divided into smaller subimages. Then, different stochastic subsamples are generated based on the provided 2D subimages. Eventually, various rock physical parameters are calculated. Using several subsamples allows extracting rock physical trends and better capturing the heterogeneity and variability. We implemented our work flow on two DRP benchmark data (Berea sandstone and Grosmont carbonate) and a thin-section image from the Grosmont carbonate formation. Results of realization models, pore network modeling, and autocorrelation functions for the real and reconstructed subsamples reveal the validity of the reconstructed models. Furthermore, the agreement between static and dynamic methods indicates that subsamples are representative volume elements. Average values of the subsamples’ properties follow the reference trends of the rock sample. Permeability trends pass the actual results of the benchmark samples; however, elastic moduli trends find higher values. The latter can be due to image resolution and voxel size, which are generated by imaging tools and reconstruction algorithms. According to the obtained results, this strategy can be introduced as a valid and accurate method where an alternative method for standard DRP is needed.

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14

Marcotte, D., and D. Allard. "Half-tapering strategy for conditional simulation with large datasets." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 32, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1386-z.

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15

ROZHENKO, Oleksandra. "Forming the enterprises strategy of focusing as a method of achieving its competitive advantages." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4/3 (April 30, 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.4(3).3.

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The article deepens the theoretical and methodological foundations of strategic management of determining and achieving competitive advantages of the enterprise. To objectify the evaluation parameters of competitive advantages, a technique of competitive advantage analysis is proposed, which includes the following sequence of stages: determination of the basic strategy of enterprise development by the Thompson-Strickland model, determination of the competitive strategy of enterprise development by the Porter model, analysis of the competitive forces of the enterprise by the Porter model, systematization of components strategic potential of the enterprise according to the Borden-McCarry model; and determination of sustainable competitive advantage of the enterprise. According to the proposed method of analysis of competitive advantages of the enterprise, the following components of strategic potential are attributed to the directions of its strategic focus: product, price, promotion, place, people, process, physical environment. Most focus is on sustainable competitive advantage. According to the results of strategic analysis of a subsidiary's enterprise, its stable competitive advantage is formed. The method of analysis of competitive advantages of the enterprise is described. The essence of forming a focus strategy as a way of achieving competitive advantages of the enterprise is revealed. The disclosure of formation of competitive advantages of the investigated enterprise is improved. The technique of the analysis of competitive advantages of the enterprise through the mechanism of focusing on them is offered. The strategy of focusing the enterprise as a way to achieve its competitive advantages has been formed. The strategy of focusing of the conditional enterprise as a way of achieving its competitive advantages is formed. It is determined that the conditional enterprise has a strong competitive position and slow market growth. A competitive product focus strategy means leading the niche in the services provided, focusing all of the conditional enterprise's efforts on the quality of the services provided.

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16

Richardson, Juliet, and Thomas C. Ormerod. "Rephrasing between Disjunctives and Conditionals: Mental Models and the Effects of Thematic Content." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 358–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755713.

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Two experiments are reported that investigate whether the logical equivalence of conditionals and disjunctives is paralleled by a psychological equivalence. In these experiments, subjects rephrased from one form into the other. Experiment 1 demonstrated strong effects of familiarity and causality of rule content. Similar findings were found in Experiment 2 with a different conditional rule syntax. An account of the experiments is given in terms of mental models theory: In this account, task performance can be seen to depend upon the extent to which the model sets used by subjects to generate rephrasings are complete, task content being the most important factor affecting model set completion. A “Minimal Completion” strategy is proposed to operate in the absence of thematic content. The experiments also falsify the long-held assumption that conditionals with negative antecedents are always interpreted as their disjunctive equivalents. This raises doubts about the mental models explanation for matching bias in conditional reasoning.

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17

Tan, Xiao Yu, Jin Li, and Wen Deng. "Signal Strategy of Conditional Transit Priority Based on Transit Schedule." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.298.

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Combined with the actual situation of China, drawing on foreign models based on the quantitative methods, this paper gets a model based on conditional bus priority for signal timing design which is combined with the traditional model through the application of conditional bus priority. The model considers more about the actual situation of the intersection, as well as a variety of other general vehicles which also need to pass through the intersection; it is a more moderate, harmonious, and better public transport priority method which does not use at the expense of other general vehicles.

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18

Thibault, I., JJ Dodson, F. Caron, W. Tzeng, Y. Iizuka, and J. Shiao. "Facultative catadromy in American eels: testing the conditional strategy hypothesis." Marine Ecology Progress Series 344 (August 23, 2007): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps06944.

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19

Trollet, Capucine, Magdalena Ibañez-Ruiz, Carole Bloquel, Gabrielle Valin, Daniel Scherman, and Pascal Bigey. "Regulation of Gene Expression Using a Conditional RNA Antisense Strategy." Journal of Genome Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/gl.2004.036.

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20

PENDLEBURY, MICHAEL. "The Projection Strategy and the Truth: Conditions of Conditional Statements." Mind XCVIII, no. 390 (1989): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xcviii.390.179.

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21

Yamamoto, Yuichi. "Characterizing belief-free review-strategy equilibrium payoffs under conditional independence." Journal of Economic Theory 147, no. 5 (September 2012): 1998–2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2012.05.016.

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22

Conroy, Lauren P., and David A. Gray. "Forced copulation as a conditional alternative strategy in camel crickets." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 68, no. 9 (June 1, 2014): 1431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1750-7.

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23

Brzakala, Wlodzimierz, and Aneta Herbut. "A CONDITIONAL STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD APPLIED TO A PARAMETRIC VIBRATIONS PROBLEM." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 6 (July 4, 2014): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914105.

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Parametric vibrations can be observed in cable-stayed bridges due to periodic excitations caused by a deck or a pylon. The vibrations are described by an ordinary differential equation with periodic coefficients. The paper focuses on random excitations, i.e. on the excitation amplitude and the excitation frequency which are two random variables. The excitation frequency ωL is discretized to a finite sequence of representative points, ωL,i Therefore, the problem is (conditionally) formulated and solved as a one-dimensional polynomial chaos expansion generated by the random excitation amplitude. The presented numerical analysis is focused on a real situation for which the problem of parametric resonance was observed (a cable of the Ben-Ahin bridge). The results obtained by the use of the conditional polynomial chaos approximations are compared with the ones based on the Monte Carlo simulation (truly two-dimensional, not conditional one). The convergence of both methods is discussed. It is found that the conditional polynomial chaos can yield a better convergence then the Monte Carlo simulation, especially if resonant vibrations are probable.

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24

Myerson, Roger B., and Philip J. Reny. "Perfect Conditional ε‐Equilibria of Multi‐Stage Games With Infinite Sets of Signals and Actions." Econometrica 88, no. 2 (2020): 495–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta13426.

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We extend Kreps and Wilson's concept of sequential equilibrium to games with infinite sets of signals and actions. A strategy profile is a conditional ε‐equilibrium if, for any of a player's positive probability signal events, his conditional expected utility is within ε of the best that he can achieve by deviating. With topologies on action sets, a conditional ε‐equilibrium is full if strategies give every open set of actions positive probability. Such full conditional ε‐equilibria need not be subgame perfect, so we consider a non‐topological approach. Perfect conditional ε‐equilibria are defined by testing conditional ε‐rationality along nets of small perturbations of the players' strategies and of nature's probability function that, for any action and for almost any state, make this action and state eventually (in the net) always have positive probability. Every perfect conditional ε‐equilibrium is a subgame perfect ε‐equilibrium, and, in finite games, limits of perfect conditional ε‐equilibria as ε → 0 are sequential equilibrium strategy profiles. But limit strategies need not exist in infinite games so we consider instead the limit distributions over outcomes. We call such outcome distributions perfect conditional equilibrium distributions and establish their existence for a large class of regular projective games. Nature's perturbations can produce equilibria that seem unintuitive and so we augment the game with a net of permissible perturbations.

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25

Shalit, Haim, and Shlomo Yitzhaki. "Marginal Conditional Stochastic Dominance." Management Science 40, no. 5 (May 1994): 670–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.40.5.670.

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26

Mijic, Jelena. "The advantages of neomoorean antiskeptical strategy." Filozofija i drustvo 31, no. 4 (2020): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2004615m.

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This paper aims to argue in support of the neo-Moorean attempt(s) to solve a skeptical paradox. It defends the thesis that neo-Mooreans retain advantages and avoid disadvantages of rival anti-skeptical strategies - namely epistemic contextualism. The puzzle that a radical skeptic poses is exemplified by Nozick?s famous Brain in a Vat thought experiment, which enables construing valid arguments consisting of jointly inconsistent but independently plausible premises. The first and the second part of the paper are devoted to Nozick?s conditional analysis of knowledge and De Rose?s epistemic contextualism, both based on the sensitivity principle. Referring to De Roses? contextualist theory, we demonstrate that the failure of Nozick?s conditional analysis of knowledge to provide a satisfactory answer to a skeptical paradox does not concern the sensitivity principle but rather closure denial and embracing the so-called ?abominable conjunction?. In the third part, we point out the weaknesses of the presumably most successful, contextualist response to the paradox. We explain that even though DeRose?s anti-skeptical strategy is built upon Nozick?s theory, he successfully surmounts its difficulties. Yet it seems that as a contextualist, he necessarily makes some concessions to a radical skeptic. Eventually, the article introduces Black?s neo-Moorean anti-skeptical theory based on the sensitivity principle as a strategy that makes neither concessions, nor counterintuitive proposals.

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27

Jansen, Benjamin. "Conditional violation of weak-form market efficiency." Managerial Finance 46, no. 7 (March 12, 2020): 935–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2019-0306.

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PurposeMany prior tests of market efficiency, which occurred decades ago, were limited by data and did not employ methodology to correct for leptokurtosis in the stock return distribution. Furthermore, these studies did not test many aspects of conditional market efficiency. One aspect of a potential conditional violation of market efficiency is whether stock markets are efficient conditional on the level of stock return.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses quantile regressions to control for leptokurtosis in the stock return distribution and simultaneous quantile regressions to test whether markets are efficient conditional on the level of the market return. This paper uses market-level stock return data to bias against finding significant results in the efficiency tests. Furthermore, the author uses data from 1926 through 2018, providing the longest time period to date under which market efficiency is tested.FindingsThis paper presents evidence that the autoregressive coefficient decreases across return levels in stock market indices. The autoregressive coefficient is positive around highly negative returns and negative or insignificant around highly positive returns, which suggests that when stock returns are low they are more likely to continue lower, and when stock returns are high they are more likely to reverse. Results additionally suggest that market efficiency is not time-invariant and that stock markets have become more efficient over the sample period.Originality/valueThis paper extends the literature by finding evidence of a violation of weak-form market efficiency conditional on the level of stock returns. It further extends the literature by finding evidence that the stock market has become more efficient between 1926 and 2018.

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28

Koutmos, Gregory, and Panayiotis Theodossiou. "APT With Observed Factors and Conditional Heteroskedasticity." Managerial Finance 19, no. 3/4 (March 1993): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013716.

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29

Kovacheva, Marineta, Michael Zepp, Muriel Schraad, Stefan Berger, and Martin R. Berger. "Conditional Knockdown of Osteopontin Inhibits Breast Cancer Skeletal Metastasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194918.

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High osteopontin (OPN) expression is linked to breast cancer bone metastasis. In this study we modulated osteopontin levels conditionally and investigated any related antineoplastic effects. Therefore, we established cell clones from human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of OPN is regulated by the Tet-Off tet-off system. These cells, which conditionally express a specific miRNA targeting OPN, were used for in vitro studies as well as for a bone metastasis model in nude rats. Changes in whole-genome expression elicited by conditional OPN knockdown and vesicle formation were also analyzed. The alkylphosphocholine erufosine was used for combination therapy. Conditional OPN knockdown caused mild anti-proliferative, but more intensive anti-migratory and anti clonogenic effects, as well as partial and complete remissions of soft tissue and osteolytic lesions. These effects were associated with specific gene and protein expression modulations following miRNA-mediated OPN knockdown. Furthermore, high levels of OPN were detected in vesicles derived from rats harboring breast cancer skeletal metastases. Finally, the combination of OPN inhibition and erufosine treatment caused an additive reduction of OPN levels in the investigated breast cancer cells. Thus, knockdown of OPN alone or in combination with erufosine is a promising strategy in breast cancer skeletal metastasis treatment.

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30

Kazakova, Nataliya, and I. Shestakovskiy. "Improving Analytical Tools for Auditing Reports on the Implementation of Key Indicators of the Development Strategy of Companies in the Information Technology Sector." Auditor 7, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-4-28-36.

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The article proposes a methodological toolkit for assessing the strategy of companies in the digital economy, based on improved conceptual approaches to formalizing the strategy, and auditing the reliability of reports on the implementation of key indicators of the strategy as an integrated system of value-oriented information about the business and its environment. The proposed strategy audit methodology consists of four stages, considered on the example of a conditional information technology company. Its application makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the strategy, in accordance with which the company has developed, to identify possible shortcomings in the process of developing and implementing strategic decisions.

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31

Srivastaval, Jaya, and Twinkle Dwivedi. "Software Testing Strategy Approach on Source Code Applying Conditional Coverage Method." International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications 6, no. 3 (May 31, 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2015.6303.

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32

Luksaite-Lukste, Raminta, Ruta Kliokyte, and Tomas Poskus. "Su2067 ROLE OF CONDITIONAL CT STRATEGY IN REDUCING NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMY RATE." Gastroenterology 158, no. 6 (May 2020): S—1569—S—1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(20)34604-7.

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33

Lin, Chao, Xueju Shen, and Ming Lei. "Generation of plaintext-independent private key based on conditional decomposition strategy." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 86 (November 2016): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.06.023.

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34

Ducourthial, B., Y. Khaled, and M. Shawky. "Conditional Transmissions: Performance Study of a New Communication Strategy in VANET." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56, no. 6 (November 2007): 3348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.907235.

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35

Park, E. C., D. Finley, and J. W. Szostak. "A strategy for the generation of conditional mutations by protein destabilization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89, no. 4 (February 15, 1992): 1249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.4.1249.

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36

YABUUCHI, MINORU. "METAGAME THEORY AND EXTENSION OF CONDITIONAL STRATEGY IN PRISONER'S DILEMMA GAME." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 26, no. 1 (1986): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.26.57.

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37

Petturiti, Davide, and Barbara Vantaggi. "Envelopes of conditional probabilities extending a strategy and a prior probability." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 81 (February 2017): 160–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2016.11.014.

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38

Goranko, Valentin, and Paolo Turrini. "Two-Player Preplay Negotiation Games with Conditional Offers." International Game Theory Review 18, no. 01 (March 2016): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198915500176.

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We consider an extension of strategic normal form games with a phase before the actual play of the game, where players can make binding offers for transfer of utilities to other players after the play of the game, contingent on the recipient playing the strategy indicated in the offer. Such offers transform the payoff matrix of the original game but preserve its noncooperative nature. The type of offers we focus on here are conditional on a suggested matching offer of the same kind made in return by the receiver. Players can exchange a series of such offers, thus engaging in a bargaining process before a strategic normal form game is played. In this paper, we study and analyze solution concepts for two-player normal form games with such preplay negotiation phase, under several assumptions for the bargaining power of the players, as well as the value of time for the players in such negotiations. We obtain results describing the possible solutions of such bargaining games and analyze the degrees of efficiency and fairness that can be achieved in such negotiation process. We show the similarities and the differences with a variety of frameworks in the literature of bargaining games and games with a preplay phase.

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LAIRD, ROBERT A. "EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY DYNAMICS FOR TAG-BASED COOPERATION AND DEFECTION IN THE SPATIAL AND ASPATIAL SNOWDRIFT GAME." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 11 (November 2012): 1230039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741230039x.

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Cooperation is a costly behavior undertaken by one individual which benefits another individual. Since cooperators are easily exploited by defectors (those who receive the benefits of cooperation but do not cooperate themselves), the evolution and maintenance of cooperation rely on mechanisms that allow cooperators to interact with one another more frequently than would be predicted based on their relative abundance in a population. One simple mechanism is based on the recognition of "tags" — arbitrary, yet identifiable phenotypic traits. Tags allow for the existence of conditionally cooperative strategies; e.g. individuals could adopt a strategy whereby they cooperate with tag-mates but defect against non-tag-mates. Previous research has considered the tag and strategy dynamics of unconditional and conditional strategies engaged in the Prisoner's Dilemma game, the paradigmatic framework for studying the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation, in which defection against a cooperator yields the greatest fitness payoff, followed by mutual cooperation, mutual defection, and cooperation with a defector. Here, using complementary spatial and aspatial lattice models, an alternative payoff structure is considered, based on the Snowdrift game, in which the rankings of the payoffs associated with mutual defection and cooperation with a defector are reversed relative to the Prisoner's Dilemma. In the absence of mutation, it is demonstrated that the aspatial two-tag game tends to collapse into the traditional, non-tag-based Snowdrift game, with the frequency of cooperators and defectors predicted precisely by evolutionary dynamics analysis. The spatial two-tag game, on the other hand, produces a richer variety of outcomes, whose occurrence depends on the cost-benefit ratio of mutual cooperation; these outcomes include the dominance of conditional cooperators, the dominance of unconditional defectors, and the cyclic (or noncyclic) coexistence of the two. These outcomes are then shown to be modified by mutation (which softens the transition boundaries between outcomes), and by the presence of more than two tags (which promotes nepotistic conditional cooperation).

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40

Lee, Hye Seung (Grace), and Logan B. Steele. "Debt Structure and Conditional Conservatism." Journal of Financial Reporting 4, no. 2 (September 2019): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfir-52558.

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We investigate whether characteristics of firms' debt structure, beyond leverage and debt covenants, are associated with predictable variation in conditional conservatism. The contracting theory of conservatism holds that conditional conservatism is an efficient mechanism employed by an organization to address agency conflict arising from contracts with various parties. For firms with contracts that are associated with more agency conflict, the potential benefit of a conservative reporting strategy should increase. We examine the following debt contract characteristics: (1) convertibility, (2) securitization, (3) seniority, and (4) placement. We find that debt types thought to be associated with a downward shift in agency conflict (convertible, secured, senior, and private debt) are associated with less conservative reporting. Our evidence supports contracting theory as being descriptive of the link between debt and conservatism. Also, our evidence corroborates the assertion that debt contract modifications do not fully resolve lenders' demands for conservative reporting. JEL Classifications: M41; D21; D82; G14.

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41

Chabi-Yo, Fousseni, and Johnathan Loudis. "The conditional expected market return." Journal of Financial Economics 137, no. 3 (September 2020): 752–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.009.

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42

Li, Minqiang, Neil D. Pearson, and Allen M. Poteshman. "Conditional estimation of diffusion processes." Journal of Financial Economics 74, no. 1 (October 2004): 31–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.03.001.

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43

Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen, and C. T. James Huang. "Revisiting donkey anaphora in Mandarin Chinese." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.19020.che.

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Abstract In their article published in this journal, Pan and Jiang (2015) challenge the claims and proposals made in Cheng and Huang (1996) concerning both the distributional patterns and interpretive strategies for donkey anaphora in Mandarin conditional. They claim that all three types of conditionals (rúguǒ-, dōu- and bare conditionals) allow either a wh-phrase or a pronoun in the consequent clause, and that both the wh-phrase and the pronoun may be either unselectively bound or interpreted by the E-type strategy. We show that, except for an observation already mentioned and accommodated in Cheng and Huang’s (1996) analysis of rúguǒ-conditionals, their distributional claims are incorrect. It is also shown that the interpretative flexibility they propose is untenable, as it leaves a number of otherwise well-predicted properties unaccounted for.

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Pan, Haihua, and Yan Jiang. "The Bound Variable Hierarchy and Donkey Anaphora in Mandarin Chinese." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.2.2.01pan.

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Cheng and Huang (1996) argue that both unselective binding and E-type pronoun strategies are necessary for the interpretation of natural language sentences and claim that there exists a correspondence between two sentence types in Chinese and the two strategies, namely that the interpretation of the “wh … wh” construction (which they call “bare conditional”) employs the unselective binding strategy, while the ruguo ‘if’ and dou ‘all’ conditionals use the E-type pronoun strategy. They also suggest that there is a complementary distribution between bare conditionals and ruguo/dou conditionals in the sense that the latter allows all the NP forms, e.g. (empty) pronouns and definite NPs, except for wh-phrases in their consequent clauses, and can even have a consequent clause with no anaphoric NP in it, while the former permits only the same wh-phrase appearing in both the antecedent clause and the consequent clause. Although we agree with Cheng and Huang on the necessity of the two strategies in natural language interpretation, we see apparent exceptions to the correspondence between sentence types and interpretation strategies and the complementary distribution between wh-phrases and other NPs in bare conditionals and ruguo/dou conditionals. We think that the claimed correspondence and complementary distribution are the default or preferred patterns, or a special case of a more general picture, namely that (i) bare conditionals prefer the unselective binding strategy and the ruguo ‘if’ and dou ‘all’ conditionals, the E-type pronoun strategy; and (ii) wh-phrases are more suitable for being a bound variable, and pronouns are more suitable for being the E-type pronoun. This paper proposes a Bound Variable Hierarchy to help account for the distribution of wh-phrases and pronouns in Chinese conditionals and claims that any deviation from the preferred patterns will require additional contexts or accommodation.

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Kristina, Wilna, Albert Rufinus, and Masfa Maiza. "ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES." JOEEL: Journal of English Education and Literature 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38114/joeel.v1i1.35.

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Making mistakes when using conditional sentences is common for foreign language learners. Errors in this study are in accordance with the error classification surface strategy taxonomy, namely omission, addition, misform ation and misordering. The purposes of this study are to identify and to classify the types of error and to find the factors causing errors in the use of conditional sentences. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method that is a case study with taxonomic analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out using test and interview. The research subject was third semester students of the English Language Education Study Program 2018/2019 of Pamane Talino College of Education in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. The results show that 30.27% of students make omission errors, 21.11% addition errors, 34.86% misformation errors and 13.76% misordering errors. The factors that cause errors are found from the system's own target language (intralingual). The main error factors classified as intralingual errors in this study are: incomplete knowledge in verb forms, incomplete application of rules and false concept hypothesis.

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Waluya Jati, Ahmad, Mohammad Naufal, Ike Arisanti, and Dhaniel Syam. "Asset Specificity On Conditional Conservatism." Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v11i1.15560.

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Asset specificity, an asset creates company’s distinctive competency that tough to be imitated by competitor. Howere asset specificity features a direct impact on a firm’s in progress truthful price determination, bankruptcy risk, liquidation value, and abandonment option. On alternative hand, the ownerhip of this quality specificity has serious consequences on finance strategy. Bank faces serious issue to create a correct valuation of specific and opaque asset so bank charges higher value of debt. we discover no distinction within the extent to that good news is delayed in earnings for corporations conditional on asset specificity. This study use 280 non finance service and non agriculture type listed in IDX on 2018. However The information assortment used documentation technique and also the data analysis utilized was multiple correlation analysis. we have a tendency to document a significant negative association between quality specificity and conditional conservatism especially in Mining, Miscellaneous industry, and good consumer Industry But we notice new findings within the infrastructure sector there's a significant positive impact of specificity Asset specificity on conservatism.

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Cui, Jing, and Patrik Haslum. "Dynamic Controllability of Controllable Conditional Temporal Problems with Uncertainty." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 64 (February 28, 2019): 445–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11375.

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Dynamic Controllability (DC) of a Simple Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (STPU) uses a dynamic decision strategy, rather than a fixed schedule, to tackle temporal uncertainty. We extend this concept to the Controllable Conditional Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (CCTPU), which extends the STPU by conditioning temporal constraints on the assignment of controllable discrete variables. We define dynamic controllability of a CCTPU as the existence of a strategy that decides on both the values of discrete choice variables and the scheduling of controllable time points dynamically. This contrasts with previous work, which made a static assignment of choice variables and dynamic decisions over time points only. We propose an algorithm to find such a fully dynamic strategy. The algorithm computes the "envelope" of outcomes of temporal uncertainty in which a particular assignment of discrete variables is feasible, and aggregates these over all choices. When an aggregated envelope covers all uncertain situations of the CCTPU, the problem is dynamically controllable. However, the algorithm is complete only under certain assumptions. Experiments on an existing set of CCTPU benchmarks show that there are cases in which making both discrete and temporal decisions dynamically it is feasible to satisfy the problem constraints while assigning the discrete variables statically it is not.

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Steuer, Gabriele, Tobias Engelschalk, Nicole Eckerlein, and Markus Dresel. "Assessment and Relationships of Conditional Motivational Regulation Strategy Knowledge as an Aspect of Undergraduates' Self-regulated Learning Competencies." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 33, no. 2 (August 2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000237.

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Abstract. For learners, motivational regulation represents a daily challenge in terms of initiating, increasing and maintaining motivation. Crucial here is conditional knowledge about which motivational regulation strategies are appropriate for which specific motivational problems. This paper addresses the relationships between this type of strategy knowledge and regulatory effectiveness and characteristics of learning behavior. In a sample of 188 undergraduates, this strategy knowledge – assessed with a newly developed Situational Judgement Test – showed moderately positive correlations with motivational regulation on the behavioral level. Moreover, it was positively related to the effectiveness of motivational regulation and effort. Hence, conditional motivational regulation strategy knowledge is relevant and contributes to an extended understanding of motivational regulation in the higher education context.

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Mancini, Francesco, and Amella Gangemi. "Role of Responsibility in Conditional Reasoning." Psychological Reports 91, no. 1 (August 2002): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.275.

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A series of recent studies showed that facilitation on the Wason Selection Task could be produced by perceived utilities. The present work was aimed at testing whether a similar factor could also be involved in human reasoning performance in the context of responsibility. We supposed that the motivation of the subject assuming responsibility is affected by normative goals. These goals prescribe the actions and the results to be achieved, also considering the different social roles. In this experiment the responses of different groups of subjects ( N = 270) to a selection task were compared in two different conditions involving different responsibility contexts. The results show that the subjects' strategies in searching for possible violators depended on the condition (responsibility vs no responsibility). In particular, only in the context of responsibility were the performances elicited by conditional rules characterised by a falsification strategy.

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Cai, Dunbo, Sheng Xu, Tongzhou Zhao, and Yanduo Zhang. "On the Completeness of Pruning Techniques for Planning with Conditional Effects." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/398245.

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Pruning techniques and heuristics are two keys to the heuristic search-based planning. Thehelpful actionspruning (HAP) strategy andrelaxed-plan-based heuristicsare two representatives among those methods and are still popular in the state-of-the-art planners. Here, we present new analyses on the properties of HAP. Specifically, we show new reasons for which HAP can cause incompleteness of a search procedure. We prove that, in general, HAP is incomplete for planning with conditional effects if factored expansions of actions are used. To preserve completeness, we propose a pruning strategy that is based onrelevance analysisandconfrontation. We will show that bothrelevance analysisandconfrontationare necessary. We call it theconfrontation and goal relevant actionspruning (CGRAP) strategy. However, CGRAP is computationally hard to be exactly computed. Therefore, we suggest practical approximations from the literature.

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