Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conditional sum

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Conditional sum'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Nagar, Daya K., Edwin Zarrazola, and Alejandro Roldán-Correa. "Conditionally Specified Bivariate Kummer-Gamma Distribution." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS 20 (April 29, 2021): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23206.2021.20.21.

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The Kummer-gamma distribution is an extension of gamma distribution and for certain values of parameters slides to a bimodal distribution. In this article, we introduce a bivariate distribution with Kummer-gamma conditionals and call it the conditionally specified bivariate Kummer-gamma distribution/bivariate Kummer-gamma conditionals distribution. Various representations are derived for its product moments, marginal densities, marginal moments, conditional densities, and conditional moments. We also discuss several important properties including, entropies, distributions of sum, and quotient. Most of these representations involve special functions such as the Gauss and the confluent hypergeometric functions. The bivariate Kummer-gamma conditionals distribution studied in this article may serve as an alternative to many existing bivariate models with support on (0, ∞) × (0, ∞).
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Bae, Taehan, and Ian Iscoe. "Sum of Bernoulli Mixtures: Beyond Conditional Independence." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/838625.

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We consider the distribution of the sum of Bernoulli mixtures under a general dependence structure. The level of dependence is measured in terms of a limiting conditional correlation between two of the Bernoulli random variables. The conditioning event is that the mixing random variable is larger than a threshold and the limit is with respect to the threshold tending to one. The large-sample distribution of the empirical frequency and its use in approximating the risk measures, value at risk and conditional tail expectation, are presented for a new class of models which we calldouble mixtures. Several illustrative examples with a Beta mixing distribution, are given. As well, some data from the area of credit risk are fit with the models, and comparisons are made between the new models and also the classical Beta-binomial model.
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Klein, Thierry, Agnés Lagnoux, and Pierre Petit. "A conditional Berry–Esseen inequality." Journal of Applied Probability 56, no. 01 (March 2019): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2019.7.

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AbstractAs an extension of a central limit theorem established by Svante Janson, we prove a Berry–Esseen inequality for a sum of independent and identically distributed random variables conditioned by a sum of independent and identically distributed integer-valued random variables.
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Janson, Svante. "Moment convergence in conditional limit theorems." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 2 (June 2001): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/996986753.

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Consider a sum ∑1NYi of random variables conditioned on a given value of the sum ∑1NXi of some other variables, where Xi and Yi are dependent but the pairs (Xi,Yi) form an i.i.d. sequence. We consider here the case when each Xi is discrete. We prove, for a triangular array ((Xni,Yni)) of such pairs satisfying certain conditions, both convergence of the distribution of the conditioned sum (after suitable normalization) to a normal distribution, and convergence of its moments. The results are motivated by an application to hashing with linear probing; we give also some other applications to occupancy problems, random forests, and branching processes.
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Janson, Svante. "Moment convergence in conditional limit theorems." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 02 (June 2001): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020001994x.

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Consider a sum ∑1 N Y i of random variables conditioned on a given value of the sum ∑1 N X i of some other variables, where X i and Y i are dependent but the pairs (X i ,Y i ) form an i.i.d. sequence. We consider here the case when each X i is discrete. We prove, for a triangular array ((X ni ,Y ni )) of such pairs satisfying certain conditions, both convergence of the distribution of the conditioned sum (after suitable normalization) to a normal distribution, and convergence of its moments. The results are motivated by an application to hashing with linear probing; we give also some other applications to occupancy problems, random forests, and branching processes.
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Arrenberg, Jutta. "Natural ranks in the conditional Wilcoxon rank sum test." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 17, no. 2 (February 1994): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9473(92)00067-2.

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Zabell, S. L. "A limit theorem for expectations conditional on a sum." Journal of Theoretical Probability 6, no. 2 (April 1993): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01047574.

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Cho, Keol, and Ki-Seok Chung. "Conditional termination check min-sum algorithm for efficient LDPC decoders." IEICE Electronics Express 12, no. 24 (2015): 20150738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.12.20150738.

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Koenker, Roger, and Kevin F. Hallock. "Quantile Regression." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.143.

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Quantile regression, as introduced by Koenker and Bassett (1978), may be viewed as an extension of classical least squares estimation of conditional mean models to the estimation of an ensemble of models for several conditional quantile functions. The central special case is the median regression estimator which minimizes a sum of absolute errors. Other conditional quantile functions are estimated by minimizing an asymmetrically weighted sum of absolute errors. Quantile regression methods are illustrated with applications to models for CEO pay, food expenditure, and infant birthweight.
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Stanghellini, Elena, and Marco Doretti. "On marginal and conditional parameters in logistic regression models." Biometrika 106, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asz019.

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Summary We derive the exact formula linking the parameters of marginal and conditional logistic regression models with binary mediators when no conditional independence assumptions can be made. The formula has the appealing property of being the sum of terms that vanish whenever parameters of the conditional models vanish, thereby recovering well-known results as particular cases. It also permits the disentangling of direct and indirect effects as well as quantifying the distortion induced by the omission of relevant covariates, opening the way to sensitivity analysis. As the parameters of the conditional models are multiplied by terms that are always bounded, the derivations may also be used to construct reasonable bounds on the parameters of interest when relevant intermediate variables are unobserved. We assume that, conditionally on a set of covariates, the data-generating process can be represented by a directed acyclic graph. We also show how the results presented here lead to the extension of path analysis to a system of binary random variables.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Mohamedsadakathulla, Sanof. "Minimization of Sum-of-Conditional-Decoders Structures with Applications in Finite Machine EPLD Design and Machine Learning." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5158.

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In order to achieve superior speed in sequencer designs over competing PLD devices, Cypress brought to market an innovative architecture, CY7C361. This architecture introduced a new kind of universal logic gate, the CONDITION DECODER (CDEC). Because there are only 32 macrocells in the chip, saving only one CDEC gate can be quite important (the well-known "fit/no-fit problem"). A problem that is related to the fitting problem of the Cypress CY7C361 chip is the SOC Minimization. Due to the limited low number of macrocells in CY7C361, a high quality logic minimization to reduce the number of macrocells is very important. The goal of this thesis is, however, more general, since we believe that CDEC can be used as a generalpurpose gate for standard cell structures with few levels, and also for new PLD structures. We depart, therefore, from the Cypress chip as a sole motivation of our work, and we present a generic logic synthesis problem of SOC minimization. In this thesis, we formulate the SOC minimization problem and present a new kind of approach using graph coloring to solve it. A Cube Splitting algorithm is also presented, whereby the input cubes are split in such a way, that the generated cubes are lower in number than the minterms, and when these cubes are used as nodes in graph coloring algorithm, gives near exact solutions. The algorithms used in the SOC minimization program, SOCMIN, have been designed for Strongly Unspecified functions, defined by ON and OFF sets, and hence finds important applications for Machine Learning and Pattern theory, where there is a high percent of don't cares. The approach to solving the covering problem, the Conditional Graph Coloring, can be used in other similar problems such as PLA minimization, or Column Minimization Problem in Curtis-like decomposition of Multi-valued Relations. We found also the Muller method very efficient for ON,OFF data representation: it can be used to extend any other single-output minimizer for incomplete functions to a multi-output one.
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Zeytun, Serkan. "Risk Measurement, Management And Option Pricing Via A New Log-normal Sum Approximation Method." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615148/index.pdf.

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In this thesis we mainly focused on the usage of the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) in risk management and on the pricing of the arithmetic average basket and Asian options in the Black-Scholes framework via a new log-normal sum approximation method. Firstly, we worked on the linearization procedure of the CVaR proposed by Rockafellar and Uryasev. We constructed an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the expected return under a CVaR constraint. Due to possible intermediate payments we assumed, we had to deal with a re-investment problem which turned the originally one-period problem into a multiperiod one. For solving this multi-period problem, we used the linearization procedure of CVaR and developed an iterative scheme based on linear optimization. Our numerical results obtained from the solution of this problem uncovered some surprising weaknesses of the use of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and CVaR as a risk measure. In the next step, we extended the problem by including the liabilities and the quantile hedging to obtain a reasonable problem construction for managing the liquidity risk. In this problem construction the objective of the investor was assumed to be the maximization of the probability of liquid assets minus liabilities bigger than a threshold level, which is a type of quantile hedging. Since the quantile hedging is not a perfect hedge, a non-zero probability of having a liability value higher than the asset value exists. To control the amount of the probable deficient amount we used a CVaR constraint. In the Black-Scholes framework, the solution of this problem necessitates to deal with the sum of the log-normal distributions. It is known that sum of the log-normal distributions has no closed-form representation. We introduced a new, simple and highly efficient method to approximate the sum of the log-normal distributions using shifted log-normal distributions. The method is based on a limiting approximation of the arithmetic mean by the geometric mean. Using our new approximation method we reduced the quantile hedging problem to a simpler optimization problem. Our new log-normal sum approximation method could also be used to price some options in the Black-Scholes model. With the help of our approximation method we derived closed-form approximation formulas for the prices of the basket and Asian options based on the arithmetic averages. Using our approximation methodology combined with the new analytical pricing formulas for the arithmetic average options, we obtained a very efficient performance for Monte Carlo pricing in a control variate setting. Our numerical results show that our control variate method outperforms the well-known methods from the literature in some cases.
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Åslund, Anders. "Power Estimation of High Speed Bit-Parallel Adders." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2390.

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Fast addition is essential in many DSP algorithms. Various structures have been introduced to speed up the time critical carry propagation. For high throughput applications, however, it may be necessary to introduce pipelining. In this report the power consumption of four different adder structures, with varying word length and different number of pipeline cuts, is compared.

Out of the four adder structures compared, the Kogge-Stone parallel prefix adder proves to be the best choice most of the time. The Brent-Kung parallel prefix adder is also a good choice, but the maximal throughput does not reach as high as the maximal throughput of the Kogge-Stone parallel prefix adder.

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Zlatos, Andrej Simon Barry. "Sum rules and the Szego condition for Jacobi matrices /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05222003-114151.

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Nacci, Dominique, and n/a. "Video ergo sum : the legitimisation of the post-colonial condition." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060824.092736.

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Anchang, Julius. "Locally Optimized Mapping of Slum Conditions in a Sub-Saharan Context: A Case Study of Bamenda, Cameroon." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6447.

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Despite being an indicator of modernization and macro-economic growth, urbanization in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is tightly interwoven with poverty and deprivation. This has manifested physically as slums, which represent the worst residential urban areas, marked by lack of access to good quality housing and basic services. To effectively combat the slum phenomenon, local slum conditions must be captured in quantitative and spatial terms. However, there are significant hurdles to this. Slum detection and mapping requires readily available and reliable data, as well as a proper conceptualization of measurement and scale. Using Bamenda, Cameroon, as a test case, this dissertation research was designed as a three-pronged attack on the slum mapping problematic. The overall goal was to investigate locally optimized slum mapping strategies and methods that utilize high resolution satellite image data, household survey data, simple machine learning and regionalization theory. The first major objective of the study was to tackle a "measurement" problem. The aim was to explore a multi-index approach to measure and map local slum conditions. The rationale behind this was that prior sub-Saharan slum research too often used simplified measurement techniques such as a single unweighted composite index to represent diverse local slum conditions. In this study six household indicators relevant to the United Nations criteria for defining slums were extracted from a 2013 Bamenda household survey data set and aggregated for 63 local statistical areas. The extracted variables were the percent of households having the following attributes: more than two residents per room, non-owner, occupying a single room or studio, having no flush toilet, having no piped water, having no drainage. Hierarchical variable clustering was used as a surrogate for exploratory factor analysis to determine fewer latent slum factors from these six variables. Variable groups were classified such that the most correlated variables fell in the same group while non-correlated variables fell in separate groups. Each group membership was then examined to see if the group suggested a conceptually meaningful slum factor which could quantified as a stand-alone "high" and "low" binary slum index. Results showed that the slum indicators in the study area could be replaced by at least two meaningful and statistically uncorrelated latent factors. One factor reflected the home occupancy conditions (tenancy status, overcrowded and living space conditions) and was quantified using K-means clustering of units as an ‘occupancy disadvantage index’ (Occ_D). The other reflected the state of utilities access (piped water and flush toilet) and was quantified as utilities disadvantage index (UT_D). Location attributes were used to examine/validate both indices. Independent t-tests showed that units with high Occ_D were on average closer to nearest town markets and major roads when compared with units of low Occ_D. This was consistent with theory as it is expected that typical slum residents (in this case overcrowded and non-owner households) will favor accessibility to areas of high economic activity. However, this situation was not the same with UT_D as shown by lack of such as a strong pattern. The second major objective was to tackle a "learning" problem. The purpose was to explore the potential of unsupervised machine learning to detect or "learn" slum conditions from image data. The rationale was that such an approach would be efficient, less reliant on prior knowledge and expertise. A 2012 GeoEye image scene of the study area was subjected to image classification from which the following physical settlement attributes were quantified for each of the 63 statistical areas: per cent roof area, percent open space area, per cent bare soil, per cent paved road surface, per cent dirt road surface, building shadow-roof area ratio. The shadow-roof ratio was an innovative measure used to capture the size and density attributes of buildings. In addition to the 6 image derived variables, the mean slope of each area was calculated from a digital elevation dataset. All 7 attributes were subject to principal component analysis from which the first 2 components were extracted and used for hierarchical clustering of statistical areas to derive physical types. Results show that area units could be optimally classified into 4 physical types labelled generically as Categories 1 – 4, each with at least one defining physical characteristic. Kruskal Wallis tests comparing physical types in terms of household and locations attributes showed that at least two physical types were different in terms of aggregated household slum conditions and location attributes. Category 4 areas, located on steep slopes and having high shadow-to-roof ratio, had the highest distribution of non-owner households. They were also located close to nearest town markets. They were thus the most likely candidates of slums in the city. Category 1 units on other hand located at the outskirts and having abundant open space were least likely to have slum conditions. The third major objective was to tackle the problem of "spatial scale". Neighborhoods, by their very nature of contiguity and homogeneity, represent an ideal scale for urban spatial analysis and mapping. Unfortunately, in most areas, neighborhoods are not objectively defined and slum mapping often relies in the use of arbitrary spatial units which do not capture the true extent of the phenomenon. The objective was thus to explore the use of analytic regionalization to quantitatively derive the neighborhood unit for mapping slums. Analytic neighborhoods were created by spatially constrained clustering of statistical areas using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. Unlike previous studies that relied on socio-economic and/or demographic information, this study innovatively used multiple land cover and terrain attributes as neighborhood homogenizing factors. Five analytic neighborhoods (labeled Regions 1-5) were created this way and compared using Kruskal Wallis tests for differences in household slum attributes. This was to determine largest possible contiguous areas that could be labeled as slum or non-slum neighborhoods. The results revealed that at least two analytic regions were significantly different in terms of aggregated household indicators. Region 1 stood apart as having significantly higher distributions of overcrowded and non-owner households. It could thus be viewed as the largest potential slum neighborhood in the city. In contrast, regions 3 (located at higher elevation and separated from rest of city by a steep escarpment) was generally associated with low distribution of household slum attributes and could be considered the strongest model of a non-slum or formal neighborhood. Both Regions 1 and 3 were also qualitatively correlated with two locally recognized (vernacular) neighborhoods. These neighborhoods, "Sisia" (for Region 1) and "Up Station" (for Region 3), are commonly perceived by local folk as occupying opposite ends of the socio-economic spectrum. The results obtained by successfully carrying the three major objectives have major implication for future research and policy. In the case of multi-index analysis of slum conditions, it affirms the notion the that slum phenomenon is diverse in the local context and that remediation efforts must be compartmentalized to be effective. The results of image based unsupervised mapping of slums from imagery show that it is a tool with high potential for rapid slum assessment even when there is no supporting field data. Finally, the results of analytic regionalization showed that the true extent of contiguous slum neighborhoods can be delineated objectively using land cover and terrain attributes. It thus presents an opportunity for local planning and policy actors to consider redesigning the city neighborhood districts as analytic units. Quantitively derived neighborhoods are likely to be more useful in the long term, be it for spatial sampling, mapping or planning purposes.
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Thanopoulos, Sotirios. "Condition Monitoring of MV Remotely Controlled Distributed Disconnectors." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215947.

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During the last decades, the power grid is getting rapidly digitalised in order to contribute to theestablishment of Smart Grids and evaluate efficiently the extracted bidirectional data from the powersystem infrastructure. This thesis focuses on the MV grid, since its design and operation have changedmainly because of distributed generation installations and the increased demand of information fromstakeholders. Thus, asset management constitutes a significant tool that can increase the reliability ofthe MV network’s operation and its level of control. Studies have shown that a maintenance planbased on condition monitoring of power system apparatuses would be more effective compared to theimplemented time-based scheduled maintenance.This project focuses on MV remotely controlled disconnectors since studies have shown that theirnumber of failures is double compared to manually operated ones. Since maneuverability andsecondary function are the causes of a major failure with the highest occurrence rate, motor currentmonitoring is studied in this thesis. Some devices that have the capability to monitor disconnectors’motor current, are presented. Additionally, the obtained max motor current measurements areevaluated through a parametric and a non-parametric statistical test. The main challenge of this thesisis to show whether the behaviour of motor current can be an indicator regarding to the disconnector’scondition status.Hence, the impact of different factors on the behaviour of motor current is investigated. It is concludedthat disconnectors without a failure during the studied period are more likely to have max motorcurrent measurements higher than 8A and especially in the interval [10-12]A. The difference in motorcurrent of disconnectors with a work order and without failure is more significant in 2015/2016. Itseems that under the aforementioned values of max motor current, a disconnector is more probable tohave the capability to operate properly. It is also concluded that in case of malfunction “Mellanläge”,the value of max motor current is lower than 8A with higher probability and it maybe indicates aproblem of the studied disconnector.Through the comparison in pairs, it could be concluded that the effect of the external environmentalconditions is not so high on the behaviour of disconnectors’ max motor current measurements. Incontrast, it seems that the implementation of a work order, the number of operations and if adisconnector is installed more northerly in Zone 3 play a more significant role on the behaviour of thisdisconnector’s max motor current measurements. Consequently, based on the aforementioned results itis shown that some of the investigated factors could constitute an indicator whether a disconnector ismore or less probable to have the capability to operate properly.Finally, it is calculated the reduction in the interruption cost that could be achieved in case ofimplementation of motor current monitoring on Vattenfall’s remotely controlled distributeddisconnectors.
Under de senaste årtiondena har kraftnät blivit snabbt digitaliserad För att bidra till upprättandet hosSmart Grids och effektivt utvärdera de extraherade dubbelriktade data från kraftsystemetsinfrastruktur. Denna exjobbsrapport fokuserar på MV-nätet, eftersom dess design och drift harförändrats främst på grund av distribuerade produktionsanläggningar och ökad efterfrågan påinformation från intressenter. Därför utgör ”asset management’’ ett viktigt verktyg som kan öka elnätstillförlitligheten och styrning. Studier har visat att elnäts underhåll baserad på tillståndsövervakningpå kraftsystemkomponenter skulle kunna vara effektivare jämfört med tidsbaserade schemalagdaunderhåll.Detta exjobb fokuserar på MV-fjärrstyrda frånskiljare eftersom studier har visat att deras felfrekvensär dubbelt högre jämfört med manuella. Eftersom problem i manövrerbarhet och sekundär funktionkan orsaka allvarliga fel med hög frekvens, har studien fokuserats på motorströmövervakningen idetta exjobb. Vissa produkter som har förmåga att övervaka frånskiljares motorström, presenteras.Dessutom utvärderas de maximala motorströmsmätningarna genom både parametriskt och ickeparametrisktstatistiskt test. Huvudutmaningen i denna avhandling är att utreda om motors strömmarkan vara en indikator för frånskiljares tillstånd.Olika faktorer hos motorströmmar har också undersökts. Det dras slutsatsen att frånskiljare utanmisslyckande manövern under den studerade perioden är mer benägna att ha maximalamotorströmmar högre än 8A och speciellt i intervallet [10-12] A. Skillnaden i motors strömmar hosfrånskiljare med arbetsorder och utan fel är mer signifikant under åren 2015/2016. Det verkar som attenligt ovan nämnda värden på max motorström, är en frånskiljare mer sannolikt att fungera korrekt.Det kommer också fram till att i händelse av "Mellanläge" är värdet av max motorströmmar lägre än8A med högre sannolikhet, detta kan kanske indikera ett problem hos frånskiljaren.Genom jämförelsen kan man dra slutsatsen att effekten av de yttre miljöförhållandena inte är så högpå maximala motorströmmar hos frånskiljare. Däremot verkar det som om genomförandet av enarbetsorder, antalet operationer och om en frånskiljare är installerad i zon 3 spelar en viktig roll föruppförandet av denna frånskiljares maximala motors strömmen. På grundval av det ovan nämndaresultatet framgår det att några av de undersökta faktorerna kan utgöra en indikator på att om enfrånskiljare är mer eller mindre sannolikt att ha förmågan att fungera korrekt.Slutligen visar beräkningar att minskningen av avbrottskostnaden kan uppnås vid genomförande avmotorströmövervakning på Vattenfalls fjärrstyrda distribuerade frånskiljare.
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Chen, Jiangtao. "La pauvreté rurale dans le montagnes karstiques de la Chine du sud-ouest : diagnostic, causes et tendances actuelles : (exemples de deux villages de la province de Guizhou)." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30018.

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Depuis la Grande réforme de la campagne chinoise, il y a presque 30 ans, qui a coïncidé avec l’ouverture du pays, le monde rural chinois a connu de profonds changements ; une région pauvre et montagneuse comme le Sud-ouest du pays s’est elle aussi transformée, même si le rythme de son développement a été nettement moins soutenu que celui des régions de l’Est. La présente recherche porte sur deux communes de la province du Guizhou, dans le dit Sud-ouest, Raolan et Pojiao ; elle s’intéresse, au travers de l’analyse des paramètres économiques et sociaux qui leurs sont propres, au sens à donner aux directions antagonistes que leur développement a pris. Raolan illustre la situation des communes qui ont su sortir de la pauvreté : la plupart de ses jeunes actifs sont partis travailler en ville, une concentration de ses terres s’est opérée et des secteurs d’activité non-agricoles sont apparus ; au contraire, Pojiao illustre l’absence de stratégie soutenue pour sortir de la pauvreté de certaines campagnes : la mise en place des politiques démographiques n’a pas été encouragée, la forte croissance d’une population peu éduquée a inscrit cette commune dans le cercle vicieux de la misère car la surpopulation a non seulement empêché un développement durable mais a aussi accru la pression sur les faibles ressources dont disposaient ses habitants. Cette recherche a identifié le contrôle des naissances et le développement de l’éducation publique comme les deux facteurs les plus déterminants pour pouvoir mettre en œuvre la modernisation d’une région rurale pauvre. La nécessité de créer une forme de sécurité sociale dans les campagnes chinoises semble, par ailleurs, aujourd’hui, une condition de la pérennité et de la qualité du développement rural. En tenant compte des déséquilibres entre villes et campagnes, entre les régions de l’Ouest et celles de l’Est, ainsi que du soutien que l’État apporte aux campagnes, et plus particulièrement à celles des régions de l’Ouest, le chercheur offre aussi une perspective générale de la poursuite de la modernisation du monde rural chinois
China’s economic reform and opening up has given Chinese villages drastic changes in past decades. These changes are especially noticeable in eastern China with significant improvements in economy. Compared to the eastern regions, the Karst mountainous areas in southwestern China, which are still under less development, have undergone revolutionary changes. This study has closely analyzed economical and societal aspects about two villages in Guizhou Province, Raolan Village and Pojiao Village, and has revealed the gradual evolution of the poor villages in China under the effect of China’s economic booming. Financial growth has helped Raolan Village overcome economical hardships. The financial and community status in Raolan Village represents most of the situations of the villages in Guizhou Province. Almost all of the agricultural labor has gone to cities, especially in the East, to find jobs. Under this circumstance, farming lands have to be rented to other villagers, who stay in the village, for farming, but later, most of the lands are combined and circulated to only a few villagers for forming. Agricultural production system is being adjusted. Non-agricultural enterprises also started to spring up and their production chain has gradually become matured. However, Pojiao village did not abide by the family planning policy. Population augment dramatically. As a result, less people became educated due to the poor financial situations. Therefore, the village gradually fell into an economic depression through an unfortunate cycle: less educated people tend to have more children who will likely get less educated due to financial problems and in turn, these new generations will are highly likely under poor situations simply because of their less educated. Limited farming lands became more divided among the increased populations with less per capital occupation. Consequently, some families can hardly feed themselves. This study proposes that the restrictions on population growth and developments in public education are the top priorities for villages to get rid of poverty and improve financial conditions. Taking into account the difference between urban and rural areas as well as between western and eastern regions, the author has provided the future perspectives for Chinese rural regions
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Isoardi, Delphine. "Les populations protohistoriques du Sud-Est de la France : essai d'approche démographique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01413079.

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Modéliser le niveau des populations protohistoriques du Sud-Est de la France : entreprise séduisante, inédite, mais ardue. Quatre étapes l'ont structurée. D'abord une démarche historiographique, nécessaire sur le plan méthodologique comme pour réfléchir aux apports spécifiques d'une telle approche. Ensuite, les nouveaux protocoles se sont appliqués à réduire la distance entre données archéologiques et démographie des vivants, tout en testant les limites. L'analyse qui a suivi s'est basée sur de nouvelles grilles de lecture, pour travailler avec des concepts manipulés par les géographes et démographes. Enfin, les résultats obtenus ont été confrontés au contexte historique et économique tels que les supports matériels et textuels le restituent. Les enseignements de ces différentes voies de connaissance ont pu être discutés, via un éclairage réciproque. L'approche démoraphique et de l'intensité du peuplement a été l'occasion de renouveler notre connaissance sur ces sociétés.
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Bordas, Lise. "Mondialisation et modernité en Inde du Sud : l'exemple de Coimbatore." Bordeaux 3, 2008. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2008BOR30067.

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En Inde, les villes participent fortement à la prospérité du pays, contribuant presque au ¾ du produit intérieur brut. Pour qu’elles restent attractives, les autorités aspirent désormais à contrôler leur développement. La valorisation du potentiel des villes dites secondaires,s’accélère, leur émergence comme nouveaux pôles régionaux devant assurer une meilleure répartition des richesses et prévenir le risque de saturation du marché des capitales d’Etat. Dans ce contexte, Coimbatore seconde plus grande ville duTamil Nadu, fait l’objet d’une attention renouvelée. Carrefour économique de plus en plus actif, elle détient une longue tradition industrielle et la diversité de ses activités est gage de dynamisme. Soumise comme ailleurs, à l’avancée de la modernité, l’agglomération traverse une phase d’ascension décisive. La question se pose quant à savoir si ses atouts permettront la mise en place d’une stratégie efficace de développement à long terme. Cette thèse propose un coup de projecteur sur cette ville provinciale qui démontre, en ces temps de mondialisation, une habileté rare pour renforcer sa position de centre urbain progressiste. Au coeur du sujet, l’étude de ses recompositions socioéconomiques et culturelles, fournit des indices révélateurs des principauxdéfis que le pays va devoir surmonter
In India,cities contribute vigorously to their country’s prosperity. In order to remain attractive, authorities tend to control their development. Thus, they speed up valorization of secondary cities’ potential, their emergence as new regional urban centres should initiate abetter wealth’s distribution and prevent metropolis’ market from reaching saturation point. In this regard, Coimbatore second biggest city of Tamil Nadu, is the subject of renewed attention. More and more active economic city, Coimbatore holds a long industrial tradition and the variety of its activities is guaranteeing its dynamism. As anywhere in India, the town is entering into a decisive phase, subdued by the impact of the modernity. The question arises to know if its assets will allow the implementation of an effective strategy to achieve longterm development. This thesis enlightens a conservative city which is demonstrating in this era of globalization, an exceptional skill to strengthen its position as a progressive urban city. Study its cultural and social and economic changes, supplies revealing indications about main challenges which the country is going to have to surmount
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Books on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Vasilev, Nikolaĭ. Sum ergo sum. Sofii︠a︡: Universitetsko izd-vo "Sv. Kliment Okhridski", 2004.

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Tribunal, Joint Contracts. Nominated sub-contract conditions (NSC/C). Birmingham: Construction Industry Publications Limited, 1998.

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Tribunal, Joint Contracts. Nominated sub-contract conditions (NSC/C). London: Building Employers Confederation for JCT, 1991.

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Carr-Hill, Roy. Social conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.

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Carr-Hill, R. A. Social conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990.

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Carr-Hill, Roy A. Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172.

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Linhares, Temístocles. Paraná vivo: Sua vida, sua gente, sua cultura. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: J.O. Editora em convênio com o Instituto Nacional do Livro, Fundação Nacional Pró-Memória, 1985.

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Svegliati Sud! Bari: Palomar, 2004.

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Guilhon, Albuquerque J. A., ed. Brasil sem milagres. São Paulo, SP: Editora Klaxon, 1986.

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Colonna, Fanny. Récits de la province égyptienne: Une ethnographie sud-sud. [Paris]: Sindbad, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Mukherjee, Atin, and Anindya Sundar Dhar. "Design of a Fault-Tolerant Conditional Sum Adder." In Progress in VLSI Design and Test, 217–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31494-0_25.

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Robinson, P. M. "Conditional-sum-of-squares estimation of models for stationary time series with long memory." In Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lecture Notes - Monograph Series, 130–37. Beachwood, Ohio, USA: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000996.

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Chung, Ching-Fan, and Richard T. Baillie. "Small Sample Bias in Conditional Sum-of-Squares Estimators of Fractionally Integrated ARMA Models." In New Developments in Time Series Econometrics, 235–50. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48742-2_12.

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Song, Minkyu. "Design of a Low Power 108-bit Conditional Sum Adder Using Energy Economized Pass-transistor Logic (EEPL)." In VLSI: Integrated Systems on Silicon, 227–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35311-1_19.

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Çapan, Gökhan, Semih Akbayrak, Taha Yusuf Ceritli, and Ali Taylan Cemgil. "Sum Conditioned Poisson Factorization." In Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation, 24–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93764-9_3.

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Gallego, Ángel J., and Juan Uriagereka. "Conditions on sub-extraction." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 45–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.111.04gal.

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Witoś, Mirosław, Mariusz Zieja, Mariusz Żokowski, Jarosław Kozdra, and Daniel Pawłowski. "Expert SHM and CM of Turbojet Engine FCU Using Instantaneous Angular Speed Signal." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 320–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11220-2_33.

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Augustyn, Dariusz Rafał. "The Method of Query Selectivity Estimation for Selection Conditions Based on Sum of Sub-Independent Attributes." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 601–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02309-0_65.

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Elsner, Carsten. "On Error Sum Functions for Approximations with Arithmetic Conditions." In From Arithmetic to Zeta-Functions, 121–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28203-9_9.

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Bartkowiak, Anna M., and Radosław Zimroz. "Complementary View on Multivariate Data Structure Based on Kohonen’s SOM, Parallel Coordinates and t-SNE Methods." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 255–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61927-9_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Phaneendra, P. Sai, Sreehari Veeramachaneni, N. Moorthy Muthukrishnan, and M. B. Srinivas. "Conditional sum block for high sparse adders." In Electronics (PrimeAsia). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/primeasia.2011.6075083.

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Delabarre, Bertrand, and Eric Marchand. "Visual servoing using the sum of conditional variance." In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6385540.

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Richa, Rogerio, Raphael Sznitman, Russell Taylor, and Gregory Hager. "Visual tracking using the sum of conditional variance." In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2011.6048295.

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Richa, R., R. Sznitman, R. Taylor, and G. Hager. "Visual tracking using the sum of conditional variance." In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2011.6094650.

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Rothermel, Albrecht, Bedrich Hosticka, Gerhard Troster, and Jurgen Arndt. "Realization of Conditional-Sum Adders With Low Latency Time." In Fourteenth European Solid-State Circuits Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.1988.5468258.

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Haixia, Wu, Zhong Shunan, Qu Xiaonan, Xia Qianbin, and Cheng Yueyang. "Design of a conditional sum adder based on multiple-valued logic." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6066590.

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Heumpil Cho and E. E. Swartzlander. "Modular Design of Conditional Sum Adders Using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata." In 2006 Sixth IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2006.247652.

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Decai, Yang, Chen Guangju, and Xie Yongle. "Path Delay Fault Design For Test and Testability Analysis of Conditional Sum Adders." In 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2007.4350925.

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Richa, Rogerio, Mateus Souza, Glauco Scandaroli, Eros Comunello, and Aldo von Wangenheim. "Direct visual tracking under extreme illumination variations using the sum of conditional variance." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025074.

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Aktar, Nargis, Md Jahangir Alam, Andrew J. Lambert, and Mark R. Pickering. "Robust 3D Multi-Modal Registration of MRI Volumes Using the Sum of Conditional Variance." In 2013 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2013.6691520.

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Reports on the topic "Conditional sum"

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Mohamedsadakathulla, Sanof. Minimization of Sum-of-Conditional-Decoders Structures with Applications in Finite Machine EPLD Design and Machine Learning. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7034.

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Gamble, Kyle Allan Lawrence, Jason Dean Hales, Tommaso Barani, Davide Pizzocri, and Giovanni Pastore. Behavior of U3Si2 Fuel and FeCrAl Cladding under Normal Operating and Accident Reactor Conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1364507.

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Rachele, Henry, and Arnold Tunick. Estimating C2 sub n, C2 sub t, C sub tq, and C2 sub q during Unstable Atmospheric Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242296.

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Wang, Yifeng. Fundamental understanding of methane-carbon dioxide-water (CH4-CO2-H2O) interactions in shale nanopores under reservoir conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222455.

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Wang, Yifeng. Fundamental Understanding of Methane-Carbon Dioxide-Water (CH4-CO2-H2O) Interactions in Shale Nanopores under Reservoir Conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431290.

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Nitsche, H. Solubility of AmOHCO sub 3 in aqueous solution under atmospheric conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6998551.

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Nitsche, H. Solubility of AmOHCO{sub 3} in aqueous solution under atmospheric conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179284.

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Wang, Yifeng. Fundamental Understanding of Methane-Carbon Dioxide-Water (CH4-CO2-H2O) Interactions in Shale Nanopores under Reservoir Conditions. Quarterly Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225848.

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Jordan, W. C. Estimated Critical Conditions for UO(Sub 2)F(Sub 2)-H(Sub 2)O Systems in Fully Water-Reflected Spherical Geometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861705.

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Jordan, W. C., and J. C. Turner. Estimated critical conditions for UO[sub 2]F[sub 2]--H[sub 2]O systems in fully water-reflected spherical geometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6667638.

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