Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conditional syllogism

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Academic literature on the topic 'Conditional syllogism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 20 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Conditional syllogism"

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Martin, Christopher. "Denying Conditionals: Abaelard and the Failure of Boethius' Account of the Hypothetical Syllogism." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217696.

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AbstractBoethius' treatise De Hypotheticis Syllogismis provided twelfth-century philosophers with an introduction to the logic of conditional and disjunctive sentences but this work is the only part of the logica vetus which is no longer studied in the twelfth century. In this paper I investigate why interest in Boethius acount of hypothetical syllogisms fell off so quickly. I argue that Boethius' account of compound sentences is not an account of propositions and once a proper notion of propositionality is available the argument forms accepted by Boethius are seen to be incoherent. It was Pet
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Martin, Christopher J. "‘They had added not a single tiny proposition’: The Reception of the Prior Analytics in the First Half of the Twelfth Century." Vivarium 48, no. 1-2 (2010): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853410x489754.

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AbstractA study of the reception of Aristotle’s Prior Analytics in the first half of the twelfth century. It is shown that Peter Abaelard was perhaps acquainted with as much as the first seven chapters of Book I of the Prior Analytics but with no more. The appearance at the beginning of the twelfth century of a short list of dialectical loci which has puzzled earlier commentators is explained by noting that this list formalises the classification of extensional relations between general terms and that this classification had already be put forward by Boethius in his de Syllogismo Categorico an
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Mahmmoud, Yagoubi, and Moussa Fatahine. "The Status of Conditional Syllogism in Syllogistics." Studia Humana 9, no. 1 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe form of the conditional syllogism resembles that of the categorical syllogism, while its subject matter is at least a conditional premise, but its conclusion is always conditional conjunctive or disjunctive. This mixed structure to which we apply the rules of the categorical syllogism, is a structure of which Aristotle did not have an idea, and which the Stoics did not conceive, and which the non-Arabian logicians did not know until in modern times. But what we have to notice here is the putting of a conditional matter in the form of the categorical syllogism, and it is this kind o
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Nakagaki, Akira, and Tomoko Itoh. "Reality of cognitive pregnance in conditional syllogism problem." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 1PM—1–098–1PM—1–098. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_1pm-1-098.

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Schamberger, Christoph. "Der Kettenschluss – eine Verteidigung." Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 74, no. 4 (2020): 532–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/004433020830955941.

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Proponents of conditional logics such as David Lewis and Robert Stalnaker reject inferences containing counterfactuals from "if A, B" and "if B, C" to "if A, C" due to ordinary language counterexamples. Contextualists defend this inference rule called "hypothetical syllogism" or "transitivity" on the basis of a possible word semantics, which, however, assigns implausible truth values to certain counterfactuals. My defence of hypothetical syllogism avoids this problem, as it rests on Nelson Goodman's uncontroversial, metaphysically parsimonious assumption that we accept counterfactuals as true
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Blanco, Jose Miguel, Sandra M. Lopez, and Marcos M. Recio. "The class of all 3-valued natural conditional variants of RM3 that are Plumwood Algebras." Australasian Journal of Logic 20, no. 2 (2023): 188–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/ajl.v29i2.8285.

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Valerie Plumwood introduced in "Some false laws of logic" a series of arguments on how the rules Exported Syllogism, Disjunctive Syllogism, Commutation, and Exportation are not acceptable. Based on this we define the class of Plumwood algebras - logical matrices that do not verify any of these theses. Afterwards we provide conditional variants of the characteristic matrix of the logic RM3 that are also Plumwood algebras. These matrices are given an axiomatization based on First Degree Entailment and are endowed with Belnap-Dunn Semantics. Finally we provide results of Soundness and Completenes
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Hale, Bob. "Basic Logical Knowledge." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 51 (March 2002): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008171.

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At least some of us, at least some of the time—when not in the grip of radical sceptical doubt—are inclined to believe that we know, for example, that if we infer a conclusion from two true premises, one a conditional whose consequent is that conclusion and the other the antecedent of that conditional, then our conclusion must be true, or that we know similar things about other simple patterns of inference. If we do indeed have knowledge of this sort, it is what I mean by logical knowledge. Logical knowledge is, roughly speaking, knowledge about logic—such as knowledge that a certain principle
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Tennant, Neil. "Natural deduction and sequent calculus for intuitionistic relevant logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 52, no. 3 (1987): 665–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022481200029674.

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Relevance logic began in an attempt to avoid the so-called fallacies of relevance. These fallacies can be in implicational form or in deductive form. For example, Lewis's first paradox can beset a system in implicational form, in that the system contains as a theorem the formula (A & ∼A) → B; or it can beset it in deductive form, in that the system allows one to deduce B from the premisses A, ∼A.Relevance logic in the tradition of Anderson and Belnap has been almost exclusively concerned with characterizing a relevant conditional. Thus it has attacked the problem of relevance in its implic
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Rahayu, Dwi Ayu Puji, and Ali Nina Liche Seniati. "Psychometric Properties of The General Sequential Reasoning Verbal Test (GSR-V): Deductive Reasoning Ability Test." Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi 13, no. 2 (2024): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v13i2.15117.

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Deductive reasoning is at the core of rationality and is one of the main components that describe the level of intelligence. However, instruments for measuring deductive reasoning in Indonesia have limited accessibility, with unpublished psychometric properties. This study aims to develop an instrument for measuring deductive reasoning ability, namely the General Sequential Reasoning-Verbal (GSR-V), and examine its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, factor structure). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 students in grades 10, 11, and 12 from several senior high schools
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Bobzien, Susanne. "A GREEK PARALLEL TO BOETHIUS' DE HYPOTHETICIS SYLLOGISMIS." Mnemosyne 55, no. 3 (2002): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852502760185270.

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AbstractIn this paper I present the text, a translation, and a commentary of a long anonymous scholium to Aristotle's Analytics which is a Greek parallel to Boethius' De Hypotheticis Syllogismis, but has so far not been recognized as such. The scholium discusses hypothetical syllogisms of the types modus ponens and modus tollens and hypothetical syllogisms constructed from three conditionals ('wholly hypothetical syllogisms'). It is Peripatetic, and not Stoic, in its theoretical approach as well as its terminology. There are several elements of early Peripatetic hypothetical syllogistic preser
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conditional syllogism"

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Serpell, Sylvia Mary Parnell. "Necessity, possibility and the search for counterexamples in human reasoning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/560.

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This thesis presents a series of experiments where endorsement rates, latencies and measures of cognitive ability were collected, to investigate the extent to which people search for counterexamples under necessity instructions, and alternative models under possibility instructions. The research was motivated by a syllogistic reasoning study carried out by Evans, Handley, Harper, and Johnson-Laird (1999), and predictions were derived from mental model theory (Johnson-Laird, 1983; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991). With regard to the endorsement rate data: Experiment 1 failed to find evidence th
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Solcz, Stephanie. "Not all syllogisms are created equal: Varying premise believability reveals differences between conditional and categorical syllogisms." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6070.

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Deductive reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, and consequently has been the focus of much research over the past several decades. In the realm of syllogistic reasoning—judging the validity of a conclusion given two premises—a robust finding is the belief bias effect: broadly, the tendency for reasoners to judge as valid more believable than unbelievable conclusions. How the content believability of conclusions influences syllogistic reasoning has been the subject of hundreds of experiments and has informed several theories of deductive reasoning; however, how the content of premises in
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Books on the topic "Conditional syllogism"

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Ergasia kai ergatiko kinēma stē Thessalonikē, 1908-1936: Ēthikē oikonomia kai syllogikē drasē sto Mesopolemo. Ekdoseis Nephelē, 2005.

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Tennant, Neil. The Relevance Properties of Core Logic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777892.003.0010.

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Ironically Anderson and Belnap argue for the rejection of Disjunctive Syllogism by means of an argument that appears to employ it. We aim to establish a ‘variable-sharing’ result for Classical Core Logic that is stronger than any such result for any other system. We define an exigent relevance condition R(X,A) on the premise-set X and the conclusion A of any proof, exploiting positive and negative occurrences of subformulae. This treatment includes first-order proofs. Our main result on relevance is that for every proof of A from X in Classical Core Logic, we have R(X,A). R(X,A) is a best poss
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Angioni, Lucas. Causality and Coextensiveness in Aristotle’S Posterior Analytics 1. 13. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825128.003.0005.

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I discuss an important feature of the notion of cause in Post. An. 1. 13, 78b13–28, which has been either neglected or misunderstood. Some have treated it as if Aristotle were introducing a false principle about explanation; others have understood the point in terms of coextensiveness of cause and effect. However, none offers a full exegesis of Aristotle's tangled argument or accounts for all of the text's peculiarities. My aim is to disentangle Aristotle's steps to show that he is arguing in favour of a logical requirement for a middle term's being the appropriate cause of its explanandum. Co
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Book chapters on the topic "Conditional syllogism"

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Manekin, Charles H. "On the Conditions of the Syllogism." In The Logic of Gersonides. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2614-4_13.

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Manekin, Charles H. "On the Conditions of Syllogisms with Modes, Particles, and Retracted Terms." In The Logic of Gersonides. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2614-4_20.

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Gottwald, Siegfried. "Toward Adequacy Conditions for Inference Schemata in Approximate Reasoning: The Case of the Rule of Syllogism." In Applied Logic Series. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1652-9_13.

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Ando, Risako, Kentaro Ozeki, Takanobu Morishita, Hirohiko Abe, Koji Mineshima, and Mitsuhiro Okada. "Can Euler Diagrams Improve Syllogistic Reasoning in Large Language Models?" In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71291-3_19.

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AbstractIn recent years, research on large language models (LLMs) has been advancing rapidly, making the evaluation of their reasoning abilities a crucial issue. Within cognitive science, there has been extensive research on human reasoning biases. It is widely observed that humans often use graphical representations as auxiliary tools during inference processes to avoid reasoning biases. However, currently, the evaluation of LLMs’ reasoning abilities has largely focused on linguistic inferences, with insufficient attention given to inferences using diagrams. In this study, we concentrate on syllogisms, a basic form of logical reasoning, and evaluate the reasoning abilities of LLMs supplemented by Euler diagrams. We systematically investigate how accurately LLMs can perform logical reasoning when using diagrams as auxiliary input and whether they exhibit similar reasoning biases to those of humans. Our findings indicate that, overall, providing diagrams as auxiliary input tends to improve models’ performance, including in problems that show reasoning biases, but the effect varies depending on the conditions, and the improvement in accuracy is not as high as that seen in humans. We present results from experiments conducted under multiple conditions, including a Chain-of-Thought setting, to highlight where there is room to improve logical diagrammatic reasoning abilities of LLMs.
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"Capitulum Tertium." In The Medieval Text Consortium Series, translated by Barbara Bartocci and Stephen Read. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0359.03.

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In the third chapter, Segrave discusses two types of solution to the insolubles which identify the fallacy as one of form: that is, the paralogism has true premises, but the conclusion does not follow since the inference is invalid. The first type are various solutions which identify the inference as an example of Aristotle’s fallacy of secundum quid et simpliciter, in which the conclusion does follow partially or conditionally from the premises but not unconditionally. The second type covers Segrave’s own preferred solution, which claims that the insolubles exhibit a fallacy of accident, turning on a fallacious variation of supposition of one of the terms in the syllogism. He argues that the paralogisms solved by Aristotle by the fallacy of the conditional and the unconditional are not really insolubles, while those which Aristotle solves by the fallacy of accident are the real insolubles.
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"Introduction." In The Medieval Text Consortium Series, translated by Barbara Bartocci and Stephen Read. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0359.00.

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Walter Segrave was at Merton College, Oxford from 1321 until at least 1338. His treatise on insolubles (logical paradoxes) is his only known work. It appears to have been composed at Oxford in the late 1320s or early 1330s, and is clearly a response to Thomas Bradwardine's ‘Insolubles’, composed there in 1321-23. The dominant solution to the insolubles at the time Bradwardine was writing was restrictivism, the claim that a part cannot supposit for the whole of which it is part (and consequently, for its contradictory or anything convertible with it), at least in the presence of a privative term such as ‘false’ and ‘unknown’. Segrave's treatise is an extensive and detailed response to Bradwardine’s attacks. Segrave defends restrictivism by presenting a well-thought out reason for the restriction of supposition necessary to avoid contradiction. Where Burley and Bradwardine both attributed the fallacy in insolubles to what Aristotle described as the fallacy of the conditional and the unconditional (secundum quid et simpliciter), Segrave attributed it to the fallacy of accident, turning on a variation in the supposition of the middle term and the extremes in what appears to be a sound syllogism.
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Malink, Marko. "Hypothetical Syllogisms and Infinite Regress." In Epistemology After Sextus Empiricus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946302.003.0007.

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In his commentary on Aristotle’s De interpretatione, Ammonius puts forward an argument for the priority of categorical over hypothetical syllogisms. The argument relies on two of the Five Modes of Agrippa, the modes from infinite regress and from hypothesis. Much of the argument, however, remains unclear and open to doubt. The present chapter sheds new light on the argument by considering it against the backdrop of two related arguments given by Pseudo-Ammonius and Alexander of Aphrodisias in their commentaries on the Prior Analytics. The chapter argues that all three arguments originate in Theophrastus’ discussion of Aristotle’s treatment of syllogisms from a hypothesis. They rely on the view that stating a hypothetical proposition If P, then Q does not amount to the unqualified assertion of a conditional proposition, but rather to a conditional assertion of Q on the supposition that P.
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Crivelli, Paolo. "Stoic Logic." In The Oxford Handbook of Hellenistic Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695170.013.15.

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Abstract This chapter surveys the comprehensive logical system developed by the Stoic Chrysippus and his circle, a system that anticipates basic elements of modern propositional logic. It considers the Stoic classification of “statables” and the truth-conditions of each kind of statable, paying special attention to the Hellenistic debate about the truth-conditions of “if-then” statables, as well as to the Stoic conceptions of conflict, modality, and validity. It concludes with a survey of Stoic syllogistic, which resembles the modern calculus of sequents: all syllogisms are arguments; some syllogisms are regarded as basic (they are called “indemonstrables”); the others are derived by means of certain rules of inference (which are called “posits”); both indemonstrables and posits are described in a purely syntactic fashion.
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Sturgeon, Scott. "The Bayesian Transition Theory." In The Rational Mind. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845799.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 discusses the Bayesian transition theory. The distinction is drawn between dynamics and kinematics, and it’s argued that the theory of rational inference belongs to the former rather than the latter. It’s shown that Jeffrey’s rule is thus not a rule of rational inference. Credence lent to a conditional is explained and compared to conditional credence. Two problems for Bayesian kinematics then come into focus: conditional credence is never changing in the model, nor is it ever the contact-point of rational shift-in-view. A natural conception of conditional commitment is then put forward and used to solve both these problems. Along the way it’s argued that modus-ponens-style arguments do not function in thought as logical syllogisms, since modus-ponens-style arguments specify obligatory paths forward in thought.
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"Denying Conditionals: Abaelard and the Failure of Boethius’ Account of the Hypothetical Syllogism." In The Many Roots of Medieval Logic. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047422945_004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conditional syllogism"

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Dakić, Dragan. "MEĐUNARODNOPRAVNI MATERIJALNI ELEMENTI VLADAVINE PRAVA I OBIM REPRODUKTIVNIH USLUGA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.629d.

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Starting from the position that the basic purpose of the concept of rule of law is the protection of the individuals from the power of the State, the aim of this research is to examine if the principle of rule of law contains an element that could legitimize the restrictions of the scope of services in the field of reproductive medicine by the State. In particular, the object of this research is the question whether the right to life, as a substantive element of the rule of law encompassing negative as well as positive guarantees, can be used as an excuse for restrictive regulation of medical
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