Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conditionnel (linguistique) – Français (langue) – Conjugaison'
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Dodig, Milana. "Le conditionnel dans la langue française et ses équivalents sémantiques dans la langue serbe : étude comparatvie entre le conditionnel français et le potentiel serbe." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30039/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to show the various usages of the French conditional and the Serbian potential connected with the meaning in language of each verbal form. This is a contrastive approach between Serbian and French. In the first part, we explore the notions and theories that underlie every research on verbal form in order to define the potential and the conditional and to point out the convergences and the divergences between these two forms. In the second part, we aim to identify and analyze modal and temporal usages of the potential and the conditional in the theoretical frameworks defining the meaning in language of these forms and to propose a new approach to the treatment of the forms in question. In the third and last part, we focus on determining and explaining the semantic equivalents of the conditional in Serbian and the potential in French in order to highlight the possible comprehension problems of these two forms and thus to participate in the development of Didactics of languages (French and Serbian)
Azzopardi, Sophie. "Le Futur et le Conditionnel : valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours. Analyse contrastive espagnol / français." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718652.
Full textRocq-Migette, Christiane. "L'expression de la condition en anglais contemporain : comparaison avec quelques formes du français." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131020.
Full textBoloh, Yves. "Valeurs modales et références temporelles des temps grammaticaux employés dans un contexte conditionnel." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0324.
Full textThe acquisition of conditional sentences show developmental gaps between the various sets of tenses appearing in the main and the subordinate clauses. Neither the notional development, nor the morphosyntactic complexity, nor the role of the extralinguistic context seem to be able to account for such a delayed acquisition. On the basis of three examples - the range of referents related to simple conditional sentences, the temporal bifunctionality of tenses and the modal complexity of the past conditional tense - it is argued that problem children are faced with at a semantic level is the main factor accounting for the order and the delayed acquisition of conditionals
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle. "Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain : à la croisée du passé simple et de l’imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts «± potentiel » et « ± défini »." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141/fr/.
Full textA formal analysis of the verbal endings in the indicative mode draws special attention to the combination of two morphemes, [Ø/(±R)] and [Ø/(ai/a)]. Thus, the conditional and future tenses differ from the other indicative tenses in that they share the +R morpheme – and it can be postulated that it is also shared by the infinitive. Furthermore, they differ from one another in the opposition between ai and a, which also differentiates the imperfect tense from the past historic when it is combined with the morpheme –R. This statement sheds light on the relationship between the various indicative “tenses”. Indeed, taking into account a further opposition allows the predominance of temporality in analyses of “tenses” in the indicative to be questioned while focusing on the deconstruction of the value combinations. Thus, the analysis allows the diversity of meanings to be accounted for and at the same time avoids a too large panel of temporal, modal or aspectual explanations according to the context. The first part of the doctoral thesis turns on the relationship between the morphological analysis and the various formal studies that have been undertaken on the future and the conditional tenses. In a second part, in a confrontation with the already existing conceptual studies on the infinitive, the past historic, the imperfect tense, the future and the conditional, we will explore the semantic side of the hypothesis that states that there is a combination of a ±R morpheme with an ai/a morpheme. Such a hypothesis compels us to characterize the semantic value of the ±R morpheme on the one hand – the ± potential concept will be associated with it – and on the other hand, to redefine the opposition between the imperfect tense and the past historic, since it is this very opposition that can be found in the future/conditional pair – the ± definite concept will then be suggested. Taking into account the combination of the two semantic features enables us to undermine complexity in utterances whose richness is only equalled by their diversity
Patard, Adeline. "L' un et le multiple. L'imparfait de l'indicatif en français : valeur en langue et usages en discours." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30074.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the French imparfait of the indicative mood. It studies the signified of the imparfait and its functioning in its various usages. The aim is to connect the meaning of the imparfait to the multiplicity of its uses en speech. To do so, we examine, in a first part, the theoretic tools developed by linguistic analysis to describe verbal tenses and the principal current approaches to the imparfait. From this discussion, we will suggest a signified for the imparfait and a theoretical device to account for meaning production in speech. In a second part, we put into practice our approach by applying it to a corpus of first-hand collected data from literary, journalistic and interactional texts. We then focus on the study of “temporal” and “modal” uses of the imparfait and on the temporal relations which may be associated with it
Karabétian, Étienne. "Les grammaires de 1910 à 1970." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100004.
Full textFrom 1910 to 1970, school grammar books repeat the old division between prescriptive grammar and figurative grammar whereas theoretical syntax is gaining grown. Neither the development of sentence analysis nor the transition from the clause sentence pair to simple sentence complex sentence pair enable school grammar to progress in the way of didactic transposition of the works on theoretical syntax. The only advancement is the importation of the notion of recursivity operated through the question about the noun group. We shall have to wait till the seventies with what is called la grammaire d'operations in French (mainly the addition, the subtraction, the shifting and replacing of the constituent) to notice an important progress. The most important transformation sees what Galichet calls affective grammar or psychological grammar through style changing into stylistic superimposing itself on the remains of logical grammar. This development of the figurative part of grammar allows the rebirth of the grammar rhetoric pair which has become the grammar stylistic pair. Thus the mental character of school grammar is being reinforced with its metalanguage putting on the same level different criteria: on one hand formal and functional criteria and, on the other hand, notional criteria which are at the same time logical and psychological. As a conclusion, school grammar is still tied up to the mechanic of analysis and works as a subject we learn. To make up for this weakness, it is going to develop psychological and affective elements used to paraphrase literary texts in reading. It is still tied up to the link between thought and language before progressing later in the direction of productive language precisely where sentence analysis failed. The word traditional grammar deserved to be explained by these two essential components: logical grammar and psychological grammar
Alzahrani, Mohammed. "Théorie systémique et microsystèmes linguistiques : vers une modélisation de règles en vue d'applications au français et à l'arabe." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1014.
Full textThis study is a new adaption of the systemic linguistic theory, created in 1987 by Sylviane CARDEY, where we propose a system of rules based on the linguistic facts and definitions and presented in the form of model that takes into account the principles of mathematical modelling. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate to foreign language learners the mechanism of the language's operation, including its grammar, by appropriate methods and computer programs carefully formulated to provide a coherent teaching style. In this study, we propose a specific and detailed analysis for the rules of grammar, which allows us to obtain clear and comprehensive teaching material with which the learner can study the subject in its entirety, identifying its various rules and the correlation between them and between its domains. This work is also intended for teachers wishing to enrich their teaching methods by inviting them to develop and facilitate the assimilation of language in their teaching programmes. In the first chapter, we present the theory as a conceptual framework in which we explain the stages of the theory with examples from French grammar using tables and schemes. These items will subsequently be used in a practical framework which is the teaching of grammar. We have also the aim of building a web site accessible to teachers who might use it for their courses. In the second chapter, after having treated the theoretical part, we apply the theory to the conjugation of the Arabic verb. The corpus that we have chosen for this purpose consists of the 127 verbs of the ¨Bescherelle arabe¨. In this chapter, we use our system of rules to describe the Arabic conjugation system. The application of our theory has also highlighted some faults that we have found in various linguistic or other grammar manuals
Al, Salahi Najla. "L' apprentissage des temps verbaux du passé en français au Yémen confronté à la diversité des approches théoriques." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30019.
Full textThe richness of the past tense in the French verbal system is a pitfall for foreign students and one of the greatest difficulties in a language professor’s tasks. Many FSL teachers testify to the difficulties students encounter in learning the expression of temporality, the past tense in particular. Our principal problem is found in temporality and more precisely in the theoretical description of this temporality, so as to furnish a base for teaching French verbal tenses in the past to an adult public, beginners in French university studies. We underline that the difficulty is not morphological but semantic, especially when different tenses are used in the same sentence or in two juxtaposed sentences. In other words, the problem is that in discourse the past tense presents varied contextual values as opposed to their unique value in the language. Because of this, we are studying the different values of these verbal past tenses, founding ourselves on the different existing approaches; approaches which we have first categorized. This work is organized into two parts: the linguistic chapters (1 through 5) and the didactic chapters (6 through 7). Chapter 5 deals with the theoretical position which we have been able to construct through our research. Chapter 6 hinges on the presentation of the analysis of the body, while chapter 7 is consecrated to the didactic propositions as well as to the remediation of the problems encountered by our public. Our work shows forth the supremacy of the “Guillaumienne” approach for our problem
Le, Ninan Claude. "Les temps du passé en français : analyse théorique et propositions didactiques pour leur enseignement au niveau secondaire en Thailande." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA1020.
Full textLee, Seung-Mok. "Étude sur les problèmes de l'aspect verbal et des temps du passé en français standard et en coréen moderne et leur application à l'enseignement du F. L. E dans un milieu coréen." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA1014.
Full textDuval, Marc. "Le problème de l'interrogation indirecte totale d'après ses marques (en français, anglais et coréen) : étude contrastive et typologique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040213.
Full textThis thesis deals mainly with morphemes involved in French, English and Korean yes-no indirect questions. The perspective adopted here links the study of grammatical morphemes with that of other linguistic marks, such as prosodic features, the absence or presence of this or that lexical material and its sub-categorization, and the rhetorical/pragmatic competence displayed in the syntax of interrogation. In order to go beyond the purely syntactic problematic of clause embedding, I refer to works of pragmatic and enunciative obedience, dealing with speech acts and reformulation of what are claimed to be actual quotations. Truth is considered to be a core issue. It is proposed that morphemes used in indirect questions are modal operators staging truth and its guarantors in a way similar to the way predicates stage an action and its participants. Hence, I develop the notion of véridicteur, defined as every "actor responsible for the truth of a given proposition". Emphasis will be laid on the diversity of such actors, and on some common characteristics they share with thematic roles alloted by a predicate to its arguments. In particular, véridicteurs are supposed to be hierarchically ordered, and may be subject to promotion or demotion
Wang, Lin-Yu. "Acquisition de l'imparfait et du passé composé en français par les apprenants sinophones à Taïwan." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL026.
Full textRepiso, Isabel. "Parlons de l'irréel : L’expression de la contrefactualité en français, en espagnol et en italien et par des apprenants hispanophones et italophones de français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3126/document.
Full textCounterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is compared to an imagined view of what might have been (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). The expression of counterfactuality has been traditionally analyzed from conditional sentences if P (then) Q (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). The present study aims to describe the whole constructions and grammatical devices used when speaking about counterfactual worlds by native-French, Spanish and Italian speakers and by Spanish-speakers learners and Italian learners of French.The study analyzes how 30 Spanish-instructed learners and 30 Italian-instructed learners express counterfactuality in spoken French as an L2 and by what grammatical devices counterfactuality is encoded by one native-French control group, one native Spanish-speakers control group and one native-Italian control group. Guided interviews were conducted in both L2 and L1, in random order. Participants were presented with a story that led to a particular outcome and were asked to provide alternative scenarios that prevented such an outcome to happen (mutation task). The same method was used with the control groups.The more frequent construction in the mutation cores in French is a combination of a past marker and a modal verb (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; she could have chosen her own dish). The semantic implications of this type of construction make difficult its acquisition in French L2, since the learner must construct alternative scenarios which denote, in addition, his own subjectivity. The native use of this modalized conditional merges in the most experimented Learners Varieties in terms of immersion and time of studies in French L2.Conditional constructions are not the most frequent way of encoding counterfactuality, neither for the native-French speakers nor for the Spanish and Italian speakers. The non-predominance of the if- clauses to speak about what might have been should hence a delimitation of conditionality as a conceptualization process within irreality
El razonamiento contrafactual es un proceso cognitivo en el que la realidad es comparada con lo que podría haber pasado (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). La expresión de la contrafactualidad se basa tradicionalmente en un análisis de las proposiciones condicionales si A (entonces) B (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la totalidad de construcciones y elementos gramaticales mediante los que los locutores nativos expresan la contrafactualidad en francés, español e italiano y en francés lengua extranjera (FLE).El presente estudio se basa en datos conversacionales obtenidos de dos grupos de aprendices FLE -30 hablantes de español y 30 hablantes de italiano- y de tres grupos de control: francés, español e italiano. Como estímulo hemos utilizado un texto que presenta una cadena causal que desemboca en un final desafortunado (Wells & Gavanski 1989). Tras la lectura del estímulo, hemos pedido a los participantes que propongan varias alternativas para evitar el desenlace desafortunado (tarea mutacional).Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la tendencia del francés de marcar los núcleos mutacionales mediante la combinación de una marca de pasado y de un verbo modal (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; habría podido elegir su plato ella misma). Las implicaciones semánticas de este tipo de construcción dificultan su adquisición en FLE, ya que el aprendiz debe producir un escenario alternativo que signifique su propia subjetividad. El uso de este condicional modalizado emerge en las variedades de aprendiz más experimentadas en términos de inmersión y de estudios FLE.Nuestros resultados prueban que las proposiciones condicionales no son la construcción más frecuente para hablar de lo que podría haber pasado ni en francés, ni en italiano ni en español. La no preeminencia de las condicionales introducidas por si- en la construcción de escenarios alternativos debería acarrear una reflexión sobre los límites de la condicionalidad en tanto que proceso de conceptualización de la irrealidad
Osman, Abdallah Sirine. "Les temps verbaux narratifs à l'écrit en français et en arabe : Étude linguistique comparative et propositions didactiques." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30011.
Full textThis thesis is about the analysis of tenses, and more precisely about narrative tenses that we define and determine in the light of two concepts: temporal junction (sociolinguistic pragmatic) and “ascendance” (praxematics). We study the way in which grammars present these tenses. After having identified the value in language of each one, we analyze the various meaning effects with which they are associated, as well as textual operations which enable them to tell or report an event. The followed methodology takes support on a literary and journalistic written corpus. Complementarily, we realize a contrastive study of narrative tenses, starting from a bilingual corpus French-Arabic and Arabic-French. Moreover, by taking account of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (the Council of Europe, 2000), and the development of technologies of information and communication (TIC), we propose various activities, facilitating teaching / learning of French narrative tenses for Arabic-speaking learners
Công, Huyên Tôn Nu Anh Chi. "L'utilisation du passé composé et de l'imparfait dans les productions écrites d'étudiants vietnamiens." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26311.
Full textCe mémoire de maîtrise en linguistique porte sur l'étude des difficultés que des étudiants vietnamiens rencontrent dans l’utilisation du passé composé (PC) et de l’imparfait (lmp) dans des productions écrites. Nous avons analysé le phénomène à partir de textes narratifs produits par des étudiants de l’École Supérieure de Langues Étrangères - Université de Hué. Les questions suivantes ont orienté l’analyse : 1) Quels problèmes les étudiants vietnamiens rencontrent-ils quand ils utilisent le PC et l’Imp? 2) Quelles peuvent-être les causes des difficultés dans l’utilisation du PC et de l’Imp? 3) Quelles peuvent être les mesures efficaces pour résoudre ces problèmes, pour une meilleure utilisation des temps verbaux chez les étudiants vietnamiens? Notre corpus d’analyse est constitué de 44 productions écrites réalisées par des étudiants de niveaux intermédiaire et débutant. La desccription linguistique s’est effectuée sous trois dimensions : a) description morphologique et grammaticale, b) description textuelle et énonciative, c) description contrastive entre le français et le vietnamien. Après le travail de description linguistique pour déceler les difficultés et ensuite expliquer les raisons, nous avons utilisé la « taxonomie des objectifs » de Benjamin Bloom (1956), pour proposer quelques activités d’enseignement en vue d'améliorer la maîtrise de l’utilisation du PC et de l’Imp par les étudiants vietnamiens. Nous espérons que nos résultats ainsi que nos propositions pédagogiques contribueront à l’amélioration de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage de la langue française au Vietnam.
Guiga, Ahlem. "Étude comparative, diachronique et synchronique du futur en italien, napolitain et français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3117.
Full textOur research focuses on the deep understanding of the Italian chronogenesis, and within it, of the expression of future, based on the theoretical and methodological principles of G. Guillaume. Our comparative study combines diachronic and synchronic approaches. We study the evolution of the expression of future from former Italian to contemporary Italian literature through a first corpus built from the original text of the Decameron of G. Boccaccio, its contemporary translation proposed by A. Busi and its French translation by J. Bourciez. We compare the expression of future in three Italian (by authors from the Veneto and Sicily) and French graphic novels, with a second series of corpus extrapolated from the transcripts of these comics. We observe, on one hand, the differences between French and Italian contemporary standards, and on the other hand, the achievements of the Italian standard according to its substrates' regional influence. With a third corpus, we study the expression of future by comparing Neapolitan songs texts from the XIXth to the XXth century, with their translations in Italian and French. Our comparison of the various solutions for future covers, from West to East, the western Romania (standard French, Veneto regional Italian), and the central position of the Italian literary standard from Florentine, Eastern Romania (Sicilian regional Italian, Neapolitan). We study the distribution of future's morphological forms (synthetic, analytic), uses (temporal, modal) and alternative expression of future (other times, adverbial phrase of time). We discuss the concepts of aspect, accomplished and unaccomplished, perfective and imperfective and study their distribution in the morphosyntactic forms of future's expression
Liao, Min. "Acquisition des expressions de temps en chinois par des adultes francophones en formation continue." Paris, INALCO, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INAL0004.
Full textThis thesis focused on the acquisition of expressions of time in Chinese with French-speaking learners in continuing education. By analyzing and comparing verbal productions collected from sinophones and French, we have identified how French-speaking learners express temporality in Chinese through complex verbal tasks, their linguistic features on aspect particle and temporal lexicon in Chinese, and the causes of misuse. Teaching methodology has been improoved based on the results of our comparative research. Due to the requirements of European Language Framework, the exploitation of new teaching materials remains our long-term goals
Olivier, Agnès. "Le conditionnel en français et ses équivalents en allemand : le concept de référentiel temporel et l’analyse aspecto-temporelle et énonciative." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040059/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of the French conditional based on enunciative and aspecto-temporal concepts, where the most important concept for this grammatical tense is shown to be that of “temporal reference framework”. Having expounded the theoretical framework of J.-P. Desclés and Z. Guentchéva, we will first present an application of this model to verb tenses in the indicative (present, imperfect and future), after which we will take up the problematics of reported speech and si utterances which both the indicative tenses mentioned and the conditional are concerned with. We will then move on to the analysis of the conditional itself which is underlain by a semantic invariant: this grammatical tense places the aspectualized predicative relation (the process) in a reference framework other than the Enunciative Reference Framework. The actualization of this process in another reference framework different from the Enunciative Reference Framework is realized in different ways according to the three classes of usage of the conditional which we have singled out (“future in the past”, hypothetical value, disengagement). Each class is studied in detail and divided into sub-classes. In a third part we study the equivalents of the conditional in German. This language makes use of some verb forms of Indikativ and Konjunktiv I and II moods as well as the form würde + infinitive, to express the values of the conditional. Finally, a comparison of this last form with the conditional will reveal the pertinence of the concept of temporal reference framework since it explains the semantic connection between two morphologically different verb forms
Borel, Marine. "Les formes verbales surcomposées en français." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0066.
Full textMy research consists in a semantic and morphological analysis of the so-called “surcomposé” verbal forms in French (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). The most frequently used and best-represented form is called “passé surcomposé”, such as j’ai eu fait. However, all the forms of the paradigm are attested to some degree.The passé surcomposé displays two distinct uses. The first one, known as the “standard use”, is attested throughout the French-speaking world. This type can be described as a resultative past. Indeed, through its “perfect” aspect, it points to the phase, in the past, following the process. Used in association with the passé composé with an aoristic value, which points to the on-going process, it creates anteriority effects (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).The second use, referred to as “regional”, is only attested in the areas with an Occitan and a Franco-Provencal substrate. This second passé surcomposé can be described as an experiential perfect because it always has an “experiential” value that indicates that a given situation has occurred at least once within a certain temporal interval. Speakers who use these forms understand an utterance like j’ai eu mangé du requin as I have eaten shark at least once.The “standard” and “regional” forms do not only differ in terms of semantics. They are also different at the morphological level: whereas the former are constructed by auxiliary composition (avoir eu + fait), the latter are constructed by the insertion of the morpheme eu, which is an experiential marker, in the composed verbal phrase: avoir (+eu) fait. Of course this difference is not “visible” for forms constructed with the auxiliary “avoir”. It is however revealed with verbs requiring the auxiliary “être”: resultative forms are constructed on the model avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), while experiential forms are constructed on the model être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie).As the form-meaning correspondence is absolute, the present work proposes a view according to which these forms correspond to different verbal forms and not only distinct uses
El, amer Amani. "Les temps du passé de l’indicatif en français : approche en langue et en discours." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20067.
Full textOur work has for object the times of the past in French (in particular the simple past, the imperfect and the present perfect). The approaches at the time are multiple and they use varied concepts which try to explain the functioning of these forms through of many paradigms. So, the grammar contents with stipulating that the times of the past have for role to place the events in the past time. But, if we confront the traditional theories with the more recent linguistic approaches on semantics of the tenses of the verb, we observe that the use of these times implies at the same time a temporal reference, an aim illocutoire and discursive as well as a psychological and pragmatic attitude. We study in this work the uses in speech of the past time from their values in language by trying to show, first of all, how temporal, aspectual and modal contents interfere and complement each other in the verbal expression of past. We highlight the fact that the choice of the past times is motivated by the way of representing itself the events and by the type of information that the speaker wants to introduce to his interlocutor. The employment of the past times also characterizes particular types of speech and participates in the informative coherence of the text. The treatment of aspectuo-temporal, textual and pragmatic approcaches leads us to adopt the model primarily praxematic for a study of the use of the past times in language and speech in a literary text, Thérèse Desqueyroux of François Mauriac