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Journal articles on the topic 'Conditions de charge variables'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Wisawapipat, W., I. Kheoruenromne, A. Suddhiprakarn, and R. J. Gilkes. "Surface charge characteristics of variable charge soils in Thailand." Soil Research 48, no. 4 (2010): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09151.

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Surface charge characteristics were investigated using a charge fingerprinting procedure for 90 samples from 32 profiles of highly weathered Oxisols and Ultisols derived from shale/limestone, basalt, granite, local alluvium, sedimentary, and metasedimentary rocks under tropical savanna and tropical monsoonal climates in Thailand. The charge fingerprints of 5 whole soils, after removal of organic matter and of kaolin and ion oxides from these soils, were also measured to clarify factors contributing to the variable charge behaviour. Phosphate sorption was determined and related to charge proper
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2

Juban, Rusty, and Lara Gardner. "To File or Not to File? How EEOC Claims Change with the Economy." Labor Studies Journal 45, no. 3 (2020): 296–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x19897403.

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Discrimination and sexual harassment are pervasive problems in today’s organizations. Traditionally, individual variables such as justice and power are used to study an employee’s response to discrimination or sexual harassment. In this study, we propose the use of economic variables (unemployment and economic health) to explain when an individual is more likely to make a discrimination or sexual harassment charge. Using monthly data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on discrimination charges, we find there is strong evidence that U.S. economic conditions play an important
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3

Shingne, Prasad S., Jeff Sterniak, Dennis N. Assanis, Claus Borgnakke, and Jason B. Martz. "Thermodynamic model for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with recompression valve events and direct injection: Part II—Combustion model and evaluation against transient experiments." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 7 (2016): 677–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416665052.

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This two-part article presents a combustion model for boosted and moderately stratified homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion for use in thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. The model consists of two parts: one an ignition model for the prediction of auto-ignition onset and the other an empirical combustion rate model. This article focuses on the development of the combustion model which is algebraic in form and is based on the key physical variables affecting the combustion process. The model is fit with experimental data collected from 290 discrete automotive homogeneous char
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4

Wohaib, Ameer Zuhair, and Nidhal Khazaal Maraie. "Variables affecting sulfasalazine - ion exchange resin complexation." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 4 (2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i4.645.

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The aim of this work is studying the effect of different variables on the loading of sulfasalazine on DEAE sephadex A 25 ion exchange resin as a carrier for systemic action. Different drug: resin complexes (resinate) of different ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6) were prepared, dionized distilled
 water used to prepare sulfasalazine solution, and their entrapment efficiency was estimated through changing variable conditions including temperature of stirring, stirring time, stirring speed, pH. The best complex was formed using 1:6 drug: resin ratio prepared at 50 ºC, stirring speed 400 rpm
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5

Edström, K., and S. T. Glad. "Algorithmic, physically based mode initialization when simulating hybrid systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 216, no. 1 (2002): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651021541435.

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In the simulation of hybrid systems, discontinuities can appear at mode changes. An algorithm is presented that gives initial values for the continuous state variables in a new mode. The algorithm is based on a switched bond graph representation of the system, and it handles discontinuities introduced by a changed number of state variables at a mode change. The algorithm is obtained by integrating the bond graph relations over the mode change and assuming that the physical variables are bounded. This gives a relation between the variables before and after the mode change. It is proved here tha
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Marchi, Giuliano, Cesar Crispim Vilar, George O’Connor, and Marx Leandro Naves Silva. "Surface Complexation Modeling in Variable Charge Soils: Charge Characterization by Potentiometric Titration." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 5 (2015): 1387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140528.

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ABSTRACT Intrinsic equilibrium constants of 17 representative Brazilian Oxisols were estimated from potentiometric titration measuring the adsorption of H+ and OH− on amphoteric surfaces in suspensions of varying ionic strength. Equilibrium constants were fitted to two surface complexation models: diffuse layer and constant capacitance. The former was fitted by calculating total site concentration from curve fitting estimates and pH-extrapolation of the intrinsic equilibrium constants to the PZNPC (hand calculation), considering one and two reactive sites, and by the FITEQL software. The latte
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7

Liu, Wei, Zhirun Yuan, Changbin Mao, Qingxi Hou, and Kecheng Li. "Removal of hemicelluloses by NaOH pre-extraction from aspen chips prior to mechanical pulping." BioResources 6, no. 3 (2011): 3469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.3469-3480.

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chips prior to mechanical pulping, which would offer new feedstocks for the production of chemicals and fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-extraction to maximize pre-extraction yield, while minimizing negative impacts on wood chips. The effects of three independent process variables (NaOH charge, pre-extraction temperature, and time) on three dependent variables (pre-extraction yield, xylan extraction yield, and cellulose content based on original wood) were studied using a Box-Behnken experimental design. The mathematical models were obtained and validated well. It was found tha
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8

Robertson, Kevin, Raynald Gauvin, and James Finch. "Charge Contrast Imaging of Gibbsite Using the Variable Pressure SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. 6 (2004): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604040590.

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The variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM) allows imaging of insulators without the need for a conductive coating, due to charge neutralization at the surface from recombination of positive ions and surface electrons. Varying certain parameters such as pressure, bias, and working distance creates incomplete neutralization, and localized charging develops called charge contrast. Although the exact mechanism creating charge contrast imaging (CCI) is unknown, it is agreed that it is related to an optimum charge compensation. The behavior of the CCI is still vague, which presents
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9

Suárez-Carreño, Franyelit, and Luis Rosales-Romero. "Anisotropy Induced by Electric Charge: A Computational Analytical Approach." Physics 6, no. 2 (2024): 780–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics6020048.

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This paper presents a novel class of interior solutions for anisotropic stars under the imposition of a self-similar symmetry. This means proposing exact solutions to the Einstein field equations to describe charged matter distribution with radiation flow. The Einstein–Maxwell system by employing specific choices of mass function is formulated to describe the gravitational collapse of charged, anisotropic, spherically symmetric distributions using the Schwarzschild metric. Two ordinary differential equations governing the dynamics are derived by matching a straightforward solution of the symme
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10

Osmolovskii, Nikolai P., Meizhi Qian, and Jan Sokołowski. "Network optimality conditions." Control and Cybernetics 52, no. 2 (2023): 129–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/candc-2023-0035.

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Abstract Optimality conditions for optimal control problems arising in network modeling are discussed. We confine ourselves to the steady state network models. Therefore, we consider only control systems described by ordinary differential equations. First, we derive optimality conditions for the nonlinear problem for a single beam. These conditions are formulated in terms of the local Pontryagin maximum principle and the matrix Riccati equation. Then, the optimality conditions for the control problem for networks posed on an arbitrary planar graph are discussed. This problem has a set of indep
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11

Feng, X. H., P. L. Dubin, H. W. Zhang, G. F. Kirton, P. Bahadur, and J. Parotte. "Critical Conditions for Binding of Dimethyldodecylamine Oxide Micelles to Polyanions of Variable Charge Density." Macromolecules 34, no. 18 (2001): 6373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma010304l.

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12

Liutsko, Liudmila, Jose Maria Tous, and Sergi Segura. "The Effects of dual task (fine motor precision + cognitive charge) on proprioception." Journal of Education Culture and Society 5, no. 1 (2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20141.79.86.

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The aim of the given preliminary study was to check whether any changes in fi ne motor behaviour exist in switching from single to double task (with cognition charge) in proprioceptive sensory graphomotor test conditions. Ten students (fi ve males and fi ve females), aged from 20 to 30 years old, took part in the experiment - precision of tracking of the models in both experimental test conditions: without and with cognitive task (counting numbers back). The variables for assessment were obtained with use of the digitalized proprioceptive diagnostics (Tous, 2008; Tous, J.M., Muiños, Tous, O.,
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13

Liu, Shan Shan, Gui Gan Fang, Yong Jun Deng, and Qiang Wang. "Sulfonated Chemi-Mechanical Pulp of Cotton Stalk and Bleaching." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1887.

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The influence of operational variables in the Sulfonated Chemi-mechanical pulp (SCMP) of cotton stalk was studied, and the hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence was carried out. The major factors, such as sulfite sodium charge (calculated as Na2SO33%, 6%, 9%or 12%on oven-dry cotton stalk), active alkali charge (calculated as NaOH 2%, 4%, 6%or 8%on oven-dry cotton stalk) and the maximum temperature (110°C, 130°C or 150°C) was investigated. The result shows that: the pulp physical property was influenced significantly by sulfite sodium and active alkali charge, at an increasing tendency with abov
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14

Li, Zilong, Yaoyuan Zhang, Guan Huang, et al. "Control of intake boundary conditions for enabling clean combustion in variable engine conditions under intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode." Applied Energy 274 (September 2020): 115297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115297.

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15

Trubitsyn, K. V., T. E. Gavrilova, E. V. Kotova, K. V. Kolotilkina, S. V. Zaitsev, and V. A. Kudinov. "Additional boundary conditions in heat conduction problems with coordinate variable initial condition." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (December 28, 2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.6.088-094.

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It is exceedingly difficult to obtain mathematically accurate analytical solutions of heat conduction problems with a variable initial condition. Known solutions of these problems are expressed by cumbersome functional series that converge poorly in the range of small values of time and space variables. Thus, to obtain simpler and more effective solutions of these problems is an urgent issue. The authors have used an additional required function and additional boundary conditions to obtain solutions of the problem. Application of the additional required function allows us to reduce the origina
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16

Miličević, Ante. "Estimating flavonoid oxidation potentials: mechanisms and charge-related regression models." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 74, no. 2 (2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3721.

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Abstract In this paper, I tested our quadratic regression models for the estimation of flavonoid oxidation potentials based on spin populations, the differences in the net atomic charges between a cation and a neutral flavonoid, between a radical and an anion of a flavonoid, and between a radical and a neutral flavonoid on a larger set of flavonoids (N = 35). By including six new flavonoids (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, 3,3’,4’,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone, 4’,7-dihydroxyflavone, 4’,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone, and 6-hydroxyflavone), we created a respectable calibration set of 35 flavo
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17

Mahmoud, Tariq Y., Sarmad B. Dikran, and Alaa K. Mohammed. "Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole Based on Charge-Transfer Complexation with Sodium Nitroprusside." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 30, no. 3 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/30.3.1606.

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A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The method involves a direct charge transfer complexation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alkaline medium and the presence of hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Variables affecting the formation of the formed orange colored complex were optimized following two approaches univariate and central composite experimental design (CCD) multivariate. Under optimum recommended conditions, the formed complex exhibits λ
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18

Zarnoch, S. J., W. A. Bechtold, and K. W. Stolte. "Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 5 (2004): 1057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-277.

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Indicators of forest health used in previous studies have focused on crown variables analyzed individually at the tree level by summarizing over all species. This approach has the virtue of simplicity but does not account for the three-dimensional attributes of a tree crown, the multivariate nature of the crown variables, or variability among species. To alleviate these difficulties, we define composite crown indicators based on geometric principles to better quantify the entire tree crown. These include crown volume, crown surface area, and crown production efficiency. These indicators were t
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19

Donnelly, Thomas W. "High-Energy Lepton Scattering and Nuclear Structure Issues." Universe 9, no. 4 (2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9040196.

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High-energy lepton scattering constitutes the focus of this study. Developments are provided to motivate the basic choices of kinematic variables for the particular case of semi-inclusive electron scattering where these variables are devised to match well with the underlying dynamics to be expected for the general “nuclear landscape”. Various nuclear structure issues and other issues related to the nature of the electroweak currents at high energies are then discussed, as are some of the issues related to the different conditions occurring for electron scattering versus what is typically the c
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20

Sahoo, Satyabrata, and M. Ramgopal. "Theoretical performance of an adsorbed natural gas storage system subjected to variable charge–discharge conditions." International Journal of Ambient Energy 37, no. 4 (2014): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2014.977495.

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21

Gomes, Tânia P., Vera L. D. Costa, Álvaro F. C. Vaz, and Rogério M. S. Simões. "Fractionation of broom (Cytisus striatus) biomass components via mild sulfite pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis." BioResources 16, no. 1 (2020): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.118-140.

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The potential of broom biomass to produce oligo- and monosaccharides was investigated using mild sulfite pretreatment conditions followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Both treatments were analyzed via response surface methodology using an experimental central composite rotatable design 24 + star, which explored the following variables: sulfuric acid charge (0% to 3%), sodium sulfite charge (0% to 4%, maximum temperature (150 °C to 190 °C), and time at maximum temperature (0 min to 30 min). Oligo- and monosaccharides in the pretreatment hydrolysates were determined using high performance liquid chr
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22

Bukala, Julia, Prabhusrinivas Yavvari, Jacek Walkowiak, Matthias Ballauff, and Marie Weinhart. "Interaction of Linear Polyelectrolytes with Proteins: Role of Specific Charge–Charge Interaction and Ionic Strength." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091377.

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We present a thermodynamic study of the interaction of synthetic, linear polyelectrolytes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). All polyelectrolytes are based on poly(allyl glycidyl ether) which has been modified by polymer-analogous reaction with anionic (-SO3Na), cationic (-NH3Cl or -NHMe2Cl) or zwitterionic groups (-NMe2(CH2)3SO3). While the anionic polymer shows a very weak interaction, the zwitterionic polymer exhibits no interaction with BSA (pI = 4.7) under the applied pH = 7.4, ionic strength (I = 23–80 mM) and temperature conditions (T = 20–37 °C). A strong binding, however, was observed f
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23

Mahmoud, Basant Salah, and Christopher McConville. "Box–Behnken Design of Experiments of Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Loaded with Irinotecan Hydrochloride." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (2023): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041271.

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Background: The Box–Behnken design of experiments (BBD) is a statistical modelling technique that allows the determination of the significant factors in developing nanoparticles (NPs) using a limited number of runs. It also allows the prediction of the best levels of variables to obtain the desired characteristics (size, charge, and encapsulation efficiency) of the NPs. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the independent variables (amount of polymer and drug, and surfactant concentration) and their interaction on the characteristics of the irinotecan hydrochloride (IRH)-loaded p
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24

Iumsrivun, Chonthicha, Kazuki Matsuda, Shunsaku Ohkubo, and Yuya Ishii. "Variable Direct Electromechanical Properties of As-Electrospun Polystyrene Microfiber Mats with Different Electrospinning Conditions." Polymers 14, no. 9 (2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091840.

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As-electrospun microfiber mats comprising atactic polystyrene (aPS), a low-cost commodity polymer, have demonstrated beneficial electromechanical properties. However, the variability of the electromechanical properties of fiber mats produced using different electrospinning conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, herein, the direct electromechanical properties of aPS fiber mats produced using different deposition times (tdep) and electrospinning voltages (VES) are investigated. The resulting apparent piezoelectric d constant (dapp) of the fiber mats demonstrates a specific peak value f
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25

Salem, Hesham. "Analytical Study for the Charge-Transfer Complexes of Pregabalin." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/194653.

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Studies were carried out, for the first time, to investigate the charge-transfer reactions of Pregabalin (PRE) asn-electron donor with various π-acceptors: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid,pCA), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranil). Different colored charge-transfer complexes and radical anions were obtained. Different variables affecting the reactions were studied and optimized. The formations of the colored complexes were utilized in
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26

Valencia, Fausto, and Hugo Arcos. "Method of Images for a Charge inside a Three-Layer Medium and Implementation of a Dirichlet Border Condition." Revista Politécnica 44, no. 2 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol44n2.01.

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A process to apply the method of images for a charge located in a three-layer medium is presented. The images are found according to the boundary conditions between the layers for the electric field. The characteristics of the electric potential are also considered, thus the number of unknown variables becomesa guide to set the image charges needed to solve the problem. The results are compared with finite element simulations through the use of the software FEMM 4.2, showing good agreement. The found limitations of the process are also noted, mainly in regards to the dependence of the images o
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27

Bodian, Ansoumana, Lamine Diop, Geremy Panthou, et al. "Recent Trend in Hydroclimatic Conditions in the Senegal River Basin." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020436.

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Analyzing trends of annual rainfall and assessing the impacts of these trends on the hydrological regime are crucial in the context of climate change and increasing water use. This research investigates the recent trend of hydroclimatic variables in the Senegal River basin based on 36 rain gauge stations and three hydrometric stations not influenced by hydraulic structures. The Man Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were applied for the annual rainfall time series from 1940 to 2013 to detect the shift and the general trend of the annual rainfall. In addition, trends of average annual flow rate (AAFR)
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28

Ayoub, Bassam M., Ramzia I. El-Bagary, and Ehab F. Elkady. "Spectrophotometric Methods Based on Charge Transfer ComplexationReactions for the Determination of Saxagliptin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparation." International Journal of Biomedical Science 8, no. 3 (2012): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2012.8204.

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Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of saxagliptin in bulk and dosage forms.The proposed methods are based on the charge transfer complexes of saxagliptin with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). All the variables were studied to optimize the reactions' conditions. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 50-300 μg/ml and 10- 110 μg/ml with DDQ and TCNQ, respectively.The developed methods werevalidated and proved to be precise and accurate for the quality control of
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29

Lozito, Gabriele Maria, Valentina Lucaferri, Francesco Riganti Fulginei, and Alessandro Salvini. "Improvement of an Equivalent Circuit Model for Li-Ion Batteries Operating at Variable Discharge Conditions." Electronics 9, no. 1 (2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010078.

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A real time simulation of battery conditions is an essential step in the development of energy harvesting devices. Since it is not possible to have a direct measurement, the battery information, such as the remaining charge, need to be estimated by means of model-based estimation algorithms. Most of the existing models describing battery behaviour, are suitable only for a constant discharge current. This paper proposes a study of the dependence of the equivalent circuit model parameters on different discharge conditions. The model presented provides a powerful tool to represent the batteries’
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30

Sparks, Darrell. "A Climatic Model for Pecan Production under Humid Conditions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 5 (1996): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.5.908.

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A multiple regression model was developed from historical data, 1945-92, to predict pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] production in a humid climate. Variables were production trend (year of production), previous year's production, and climatic indices for the previous and current year. Production trend was used to measure change in production with time. Previous year's production was the index of alternate bearing. Variables for previous year's climate were heating degree-days for April-October and cumulative rainfall during May-July and 1-15 Sept. Variables for current year's clima
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31

Satrapová, J., T. Hyvönen, V. Venclová, and J. Soukup. "Growth and reproductive characteristics of C4 weeds under climatic conditions of the Czech Republic  ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 7 (2013): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2013-pse.

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Climate change could promote the altitudinal spread of C4 weed species since they can benefit from warmer climate. The effects of altitude and climatic conditions (the sum of temperatures above 5°C and precipitation) on the biomass and seed production of two annual C4 weeds – Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.<br />Beauv. – were studied in the Czech Republic. We included both temperature and precipitation variables in the study since they both serve as basic indicators of climate change and thus they have the greatest impact on plant
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32

Gilbert, Yan, Yann Le Bihan, Gerardo Buelna, and Paul Lessard. "Application de la respirométrie pour le suivi de l'activité de la biomasse d'un biofiltre sur lit organique traitant du lisier de porc." Water Quality Research Journal 40, no. 2 (2005): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.018.

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Abstract L'opération de systèmes de biofiltration à support organique nécessite le développement de méthodes de suivi simples et rapides La respirométrie de type LSS a donc été adaptée afin d'évaluer l'activité potentielle des organismes hétérotrophes présents dans le biofiltre. Des essais respirométriques ont été réalisés à différentes concentrations de milieu filtrant afin d'adapter la méthode à cette biomasse, fixée sur le support. Des colonnes de biofiltration de laboratoire ont été montées et alimentées à des charges hydrauliques et massiques variables et à des durées de fonctionnement di
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Lozano Avilés, Ana Belén, Francisco del Cerro Velázquez, and Mercedes Llorens Pascual del Riquelme. "Methodology for Energy Optimization in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Phase I: Control of the Best Operating Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143919.

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Most purification systems work correctly from the point of view of water quality; purification, like any industrial process, must also be carried out efficiently with a minimization of costs. The overall project examined the potential benefits of using a recommended methodology for process evaluation and energy optimization in the aeration stage of activated sludge in the biological reactor at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which accounts for more than 44% of total operating costs. This energy control methodology encompasses the process, the installation and the control system. These thre
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34

Hambrouck, Micheline, Georges Thinès, and Michel Michiels. "Modal Completion: Critical Variables in Apparent Transparency." Perception 16, no. 6 (1987): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160719.

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Conditions for perceptual modal completion are investigated using a stimulation pattern consisting of a figure moving behind a black opaque strip. This configuration leads, depending on conditions, either to the amodal Michotte tunnel effect, or to modal completion, ie the apparent transparency phenomenon. Four experiments are reported in which an attempt was made to define the critical variables of this latter effect. The results show that modal completion is not typically related to luminance interactions, ie to assimilation, but depends on the figural dominance of the filled-in object, this
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35

Marchi, Giuliano, Cesar Crispim Vilar, George O’Connor, Letuzia Maria de Oliveira, Adriana Reatto, and Thomaz Adolph Rein. "Surface Complexation Modeling in Variable Charge Soils: Prediction of Cadmium Adsorption." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 5 (2015): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140529.

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ABSTRACT Intrinsic equilibrium constants for 22 representative Brazilian Oxisols were estimated from a cadmium adsorption experiment. Equilibrium constants were fitted to two surface complexation models: diffuse layer and constant capacitance. Intrinsic equilibrium constants were optimized by FITEQL and by hand calculation using Visual MINTEQ in sweep mode, and Excel spreadsheets. Data from both models were incorporated into Visual MINTEQ. Constants estimated by FITEQL and incorporated in Visual MINTEQ software failed to predict observed data accurately. However, FITEQL raw output data rendere
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Hu, Chunsheng, Fangjuan Cheng, Liang Ma, and Bohao Li. "State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on TCN-LSTM Neural Networks." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (2022): 030544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5cf2.

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Accurately estimating the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is critical for developing more reliable and efficient operation of electric vehicles. However, the commonly used models cannot simultaneously extract effective spatial and temporal features from the original data, leading to an inefficient SOC estimation. This paper proposes a novel neural network method for accurate and robust battery SOC estimation, which incorporates the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and the long short-term memory (LSTM), namely TCN-LSTM model. Specifically, the TCN is employed to extract more
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37

Abella, Scott R., and Charles W. Denton. "Spatial variation in reference conditions: historical tree density and pattern on a Pinus ponderosa landscape." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 12 (2009): 2391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-146.

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The reference conditions of historical tree density and pattern underpin ecological restoration and management of Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C.Lawson forests in western North America, yet the potential spatial variation in these variables across the landscape remains unclear. We reconstructed historical (1880) tree density and spatial pattern on 1 ha plots at 53 sites within a 110 000 ha P. ponderosa landscape in northern Arizona, compared these variables among US Forest Service ecosystem classification units, and modeled spatial variation with environmental variables. Mean tree d
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Trencia, J. "Identification de descripteurs morphométriques sensibles aux conditions générales de croissance des semis de chêne rouge [Quercusrubra) en milieu naturel." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 1 (1995): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-018.

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Red oak (Quertusrubra L.) seedlings measuring less than 1 m in height were collected from seven sites in the Québec City region. The sites were grouped according to pedology, dendrometry, and phytosociology. The object of this study was to select morphometric characteristics that are most sensitive to global differences in growth conditions. Most of the variables studied are frequently used to assess seedling performance in greenhouse or laboratory experiments. The characteristics measured included total stem height; mean annual increment of the biomass; number, mass, and length of the roots;
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39

Shurygin, Vladimir A. "Nonlinear Problems of Equilibrium Charge State Transport in Hot Plasmas." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020324.

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The general coupling between particle transport and ionization-recombination processes in hot plasma is considered on the key concept of equilibrium charge state (CS) transport. A theoretical interpretation of particle and CS transport is gained in terms of a two-dimensional (2D) Markovian stochastic (random) processes, a discrete 2D Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov equation (in charge and space variables) and generalized 2D coronal equilibrium between atomic processes and particle transport. The basic tool for analysis of CS equilibrium and transport is the equilibrium cell (EC) (two states on charge
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40

Kumar, Nilesh, Zhiqiang Liu, Carol Flinchbaugh, Md Yahin Hossain, and Md Nahin Hossain. "Impact of emotional labour on taking charge to predict employee’s creative and task performance: The moderation of performance-based pay from the lens of self-determination theory." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0269196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269196.

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The importance of emotional labouring and performance of frontline service employees, who in their boundary-spanning positions significantly affect service-rendering organisations’ efficiency by their direct communications with customers, continues to increase. However, it is still important to ascertain an efficient understanding of the comprehensive process including behavioural mechanism and a common perception of the rewards’ impacts on motivation and creativity. Therefore, guided by self-determination theory, this study examined the mechanism and boundary conditions between emotional labo
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41

Rothman, Laura, Robert Miller, Richard Wang, Tim Baechle, Steve Silverman, and Douglas Cooper. "SEMATECH Minienvironment Benchmarking Project." Journal of the IEST 38, no. 3 (1995): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.38.3.f727t147k603p560.

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A thin films fabrication facility using minienvironments and product-handling automation was benchmarked to determine the extent to which isolating products from the cleanroom avoids contamination. Data were collected from tests that simulated production conditions while controlling random variables. The study found that isolation factors of at least 1000 were demonstrated by settling wafer data, and 10,000 by aerosol data. In general, lowered room airflow did not significantly degrade minienvironment cleanliness. In addition, the study investigated reliability, electrostatic charge and electr
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KARLTUN, E. "Modelling SO42- surface complexation on variable charge minerals: I. H+ and SO42- exchange under different solution conditions." European Journal of Soil Science 48, no. 3 (1997): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1997.00091.x.

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43

Seregina, E. V., M. A. Stepovich, and M. N. Filippov. "On a Mathematical Model of the Diffusion of Excitons in a Semiconductor Taking into Account Their Variable Lifetime." Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1028096023030159.

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The time dependence of the concentration of nonequilibrium minority charge carriers generated in a homogeneous semiconductor material by a sharply focused electron beam, an electron probe, after the target irradiation is described. A mathematical model is constructed for the nonstationary diffusion of charged particles generated by a low-energy electron probe in a semiconductor target in the presence of two independent recombination channels of generated charge carriers in the target material. The use of a low-energy electron probe made it possible to use a two-dimensional mathematical model o
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44

Bonatesta, F., and P. J. Shayler. "Factors influencing the burn rate characteristics of a spark ignition engine with variable valve timing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 11 (2008): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto873.

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The charge burn characteristics of a four-cylinder port-fuel-injected spark ignition engine fitted with a dual independent variable-valve-timing system have been investigated experimentally. The influence of valve timings on the flame development angle and the rapid burn angle is primarily associated with valve overlap values and internal gas recirculation. Conditions examined cover light to medium loads and engine speeds up to 3500r/min. As engine loads and speeds exceeded about 6bar net indicated mean effective pressure and 3000r/min respectively, combustion duration was virtually independen
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Antun, Jozinović, Ačkar Đurđica, Jokić Stela, et al. "Optimisation of extrusion variables for the production of corn snack products enriched with defatted hemp cake." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 6 (2017): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/83/2017-cjfs.

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The effects of defatted hemp cake added to corn grits (at ratios of 0, 5, and 10% DM), the moisture content of the mixtures (15, 20, and 25%) and the temperature in the extruder ejection zone (150, 165, and 180°C) on the physical properties of extruded products have been investigated. Statistical optimization of investigated extrusion conditions using the response surface methodology was performed. The hemp cake was completely defatted by means of a supercritical CO2 extraction. The extrusion was performed on a laboratory single screw extruder and regulated by the following parameters: tempera
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Harning, David J., Áslaug Geirsdóttir, and Gifford H. Miller. "Punctuated Holocene climate of Vestfirðir, Iceland, linked to internal/external variables and oceanographic conditions." Quaternary Science Reviews 189 (June 2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.04.009.

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47

Li, Kai, Feng Yuan, Yinghui Hu, Yongbin Du, Wei Chen, and Chunyun Lan. "Least-Square-Method-Based Optimal Laser Spots Acquisition and Position in Cooperative Target Measurement." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145110.

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The relative positioning precisions of coordinate points is an important indicator that affects the final accuracy in the visual measurement system of space cooperative targets. Many factors, such as measurement methods, environmental conditions, data processing principles and equipment parameters, are supposed to influence the cooperative target’s acquisition and determine the precision of the cooperative target’s position in a ground simulation experiment with laser projected spots on parallel screens. To overcome the precision insufficiencies of cooperative target measurement, the factors o
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48

Marques, N. C. S., L. Rattis, and F. Nomura. "Local environmental conditions affecting anuran tadpoles' microhabitat choice and morphological adaptation." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 3 (2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18106.

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In this study, we investigated the environmental variables that best explained tadpole occurrence, as well as associations between environmental variables and the morphological traits of tadpoles. We modelled the occurrence of tadpoles to evaluate the significance of trait–environment relationships by sampling in 86 ponds, measuring a set of environmental descriptors of these ponds, determining the tadpoles’ external-morphology changes and using a generalised linear mixed model approach. The best fitting model predicting tadpole occurrence included all the environmental variables measured (pon
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Wang, Xin, Wenke Wang, and Bing Yan. "Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change Prediction Based on Surrounding Environmental Conditions with Deep Learning." Water 12, no. 10 (2020): 2685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102685.

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Tropical cyclone (TC) motion has an important impact on both human lives and infrastructure. Predicting TC intensity is crucial, especially within the 24 h warning time. TC intensity change prediction can be regarded as a problem of both regression and classification. Statistical forecasting methods based on empirical relationships and traditional numerical prediction methods based on dynamical equations still have difficulty in accurately predicting TC intensity. In this study, a prediction algorithm for TC intensity changes based on deep learning is proposed by exploring the joint spatial fe
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50

Sarafanov, G. F., and A. A. Utkin. "MODEL OF FORMATION AND PROPAGATION OF SLIP BANDS IN METALS." Problems of Strength and Plasticity 85, no. 1 (2023): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2023-85-1-5-13.

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A theoretical study of the processes of localization of plastic deformation in metals has been carried out. Within the framework of the system of evolutionary equations for dislocation density, taking into account the multiplication and annihilation of dislocations, the possibility of a running solution for the slip strip is established. It is shown that the initial system has two equilibrium states. For the total dislocation density and dislocation charge normalized to a stationary homogeneous solution for dislocation density, these are the states (0,0) and (1,0) on the phase plane of the abo
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