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Academic literature on the topic 'Conditions économiques – Marne (France) – 18e siècle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conditions économiques – Marne (France) – 18e siècle"
Perron, Fabrice. "L'économie du département de la Marne sous le Directoire, crise ou mutations? : l'exemple des cantons des anciens districts de Reims, Châlons et Epernay." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIML001.
Full textThe object of this work consists of discussing the founding of the use of the term “crisis” in assessing the economic situation of a micro-region – namely, the ancient districts of Reims, Châlons, and Epernay. It focuses on a research question of studying ways of improving economic activity. It starts by questioning the demographic reality of this period and, with a social contrast approach, distinguishes problematic actors and elites likely to count on gaining advantage during this period. We insist, then, on two axes: on one hand, the factors of improving economic activity without ignoring potential obstacles, and on the other hand, the combination of indicators of recovery and signs of change. Several positive indicators for improvement can be distinguished, including intentions and achievements. Not forgotten are the persistence of difficulties for certain categories of the population. It appears, however, that the Directory, in spite of the difficulties that are generally attributed to it, opens the way in this micro-region to a progress-driven economic situation under the Consulate at the beginning of the Empire
Lambert, Etienne. "Nobles du bocage, nobles de la plaine : au centre de la Normandie (1700-1790)." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1608.
Full textMarlier, Jean-Noël. "Les approvisionnements et les fournisseurs de la Marine sous le second Empire (Brest, Cherbourg et Toulon)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1023.
Full textThanks to and through more 4 000 procurement contracts and 1 400 suppliers collected in Brest, Cherbourg and Toulon Navy's files, the author is looking for an accurate view of day-by-day life of a modernizing fleet. Woodened et sailed ships are always operating beside steam powered ones. So, French Navy seems more as an armoured fleet than ironed one. Iron makers, as Schneider or de Wendel, or engines builders, as Mazeline or Calla, are well known and supply the Navy in the forefront of technology. In the same time, west archaic weaving plants struggle for life thanks to the procurement contracts. And in the harbours where the naval bases are settled, shopkeepers and merchants representing major firms wait for the right moment to become also a supplier and, above all, notables
Ghoul, Fayçal El. "La police parisienne dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle (1760-1785)." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20020.
Full textThe Paris police-force in the second half of the eighteenth century had been deeply marked by the actions of two successive super-intendants, namely Sartine and Lenoir. These succeeded in imparting to their office an optimal efficiency at a time when economic and social unrest heralded the crisis that was to bear on the Ancient regime and bring about its down fall. In order to carry out their missions, Sartine and Lenoir initiated a complete re-organization of the police apparatus and endeavoured to grapple with the issues then weighing on the capital. I. E. Filth, transportation difficulties, the supply and distribution of corn and other foodstuffs, the control of the working classes security, the "disciplining of morals" the framing of public opinion, etc. Concrete examples taken from public records (archives) illustrate both the efficiency and the limitations of police action a body that various national and foreign observers considered as a "well-lubricated machinery" which set a model to be followed
Maillard, Brigitte. "Les campagnes de Touraine au XVIIIe siècle : étude d'histoire économique et sociale." Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20012.
Full textDuring the 18th century, Touraine was part of the "generalite de Tours and part of the "pays d'elections". Agriculture was its main economic activity. More than 80% of the families lived in the countryside and most of them were conjugal family units. Communal organisation was not very strong and society was not very diversified. Most lords of manor belonged to the nobility and the clergy; they still exercised their rights and dispensed justice but in moderation. At the end of Louis HIV’s reign, the population decreased until 1719-1725; the following increase in population remained limited and irregular. The birth rate started decreasing before the beginning of the revolution; the increases of the death rate were mainly due to the epidemics and could not be stopped by the relief granted by the "intendant". The agricultural production included cereals and wine, part of which was exported. Touraine produced just enough fot its needs. Farmers did not own enough land and cattle; as prices went up fast as from 1765 there was a hard and fast increase in the rents. Whenever prices reached high levels there were social disturbances such as wheat looting, etc. .
Cailly, Claude. "Mutations d'un espace proto-industriel : le Perche aux XVIIIe-XIXe siècles." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010628.
Full textMinovez, Jean-Michel. "Dynamisme et atonie des prépyrénées centrales et de leur avant-pays : de la protoindustrialisation à la pastoralisation dans le haut-bassin de la Garonne vers 1661-vers 1914." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20083.
Full textThe central fore-pyrenees and their tectonic fore are a geographical zone with numerous populations who had few resources at their disposal in the xviith century. By 1720 the population increased whereas the landed property concentration went on. As the peasant's lot was becoming more and more precarious, a part of the century folk looked for complementary means of support in the seasonal activity of cloth manufacturing. So they took part in the protoindustrial growth which developed according to divergent chronologies in accordance with the concerned places (early in "comminges" and "nebouzan", late in "volvestre", non existent in the "pays de foix", the poorest and most over populated part of that area). That growth stopped during the first decenniums of the xixth century. The moderate growth of agriculture, of industrial activities and of the production of local handicrafts could not supply the resources required for the mainten ance of a population who had become plethoric. In the second half of the xixth century, the rural world lost its populat then, country-folk lived better since they could take advantage of the improvement of medicine and sanitation as well as of the moderate growth of agriculture which went on. At the end of the xixth century, the upper part of the drainage basin of the garonne river seemed to be asleep. It only had a moderate growth whereas the north and east of france were full in the middle of industrial development. That apathy is mostly due to the wish of the social elites to perpetuate a pattern of legitimation of the elites founded on t he possession of landed property. However this deliberate choice does not exclude adjustments in the constitution of the patrimony, and in the partial redeployment of the activities of the middle-classes of the "midi toulousain" which show t hat they have not stood stock-still but have relied on another type of growth which was not the one of capitalist indust
Hanne, Georges. "Le monde du travail entre XVIIIe et XIXe siècle : Toulouse et Saragosse, étude comparative." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20039.
Full textTowards 1770, Toulouse and Saragossa were two typical cities of the old regime that illustrate the same social and economic model as based on the complementary relationship between the crafts and the functions of supervision and social control. Here, the dominant role that emerges, both in economic and social terms, is that property ownership together with the strength of the religious institutions. The urban economies in these cities showed fairly similar corporative structures and were largely, though not exclusively, influenced by kinship in access to the crafts and trades. The local economy was, however, stimulated in Toulouse by a stronger demand from intermediary social categories that were more developed due to more favourable natural conditions and the more preponderant role of the judiciary. Half a century later, the gap in terms of economic dynamism between the two cities had widened considerably, with the productive sectors registering opposite trends and the Spanish side falling behind. This was not only due to the effect of the War of Independence and the demographic slump that resulted in the Aragon capital. The disparity seems also to correspond to a shift in time, a harking back to the Church's material and mental sway and the corporative structure prevailing in Spain. We can also see that the reproduction of the professions remained significant in both cases, despite the disappearance of the corporations in France. On either side, the emergence of new techniques and forms of industrial production only seem to have had a minor impact in changes in urban work arrangements, marked in Toulouse by the considerable decline in domestic service and by the extreme likehood of a big increase in the number of small scale economic players in a situation of formal independence and, in both cities, by a major progression in commercial activities
Miffre-Viton, Marie-Laure. "Mobilité et sédentarité : itinéraires familiaux et évolution sociale et économique,le cas d'Orcemont au dix-huitième siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS002S.
Full textOrcemont is a small village located in ' Ile de France '. Like many other villages in the region its population is composed mainly of mobile families about which we have little information. In order to address this deficiency, the following study tackles the analysis of the village population on an economic and social basis. This approach allows us to collect data about the heads of the household, as a whole while also collectiong more specific data on the transient 0rcemontois or 0rcemontois by adoption and especially which geographical area they come from, their rythm of migration, their ability to sign documents, their influence and integration in the village
Pitou, Frédérique. "Métiers et boutiques à Laval au XVIIIe siècle : place du groupe des marchands, artisans et ouvriers dans une ville textile." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMAA001.
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