Relevant bibliographies by topics / Condoms in art

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Condoms in art'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Haddad, Lisa B., Jennifer H. Tang, Jamie Krashin, Wingston Ng’ambi, Hannock Tweya, Bernadette Samala, Jane Chiwoko, et al. "Factors associated with condom use among men and women living with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 44, no. 1 (December 16, 2017): 1.2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-101825.

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BackgroundUnderstanding the influences on condom use among men and women living with HIV is critical to tailoring sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention efforts.MethodsThis is a sub-analysis of a cross-sectional survey including 255 women and 220 men who were sexually active, HIV-positive, and attending HIV care visits in Lilongwe, Malawi. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to evaluate for factors associated with consistent condom use (always using condoms in the past month) and use at last coitus for men and women in separate models.ResultsAmong women: 38% and 55% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For women, consistent use and use at last coitus were positively associated with the ability to refuse sex without condoms and shared decision-making compared with making the decision alone regarding condom use, and negatively associated with desire for children in the future. Consistent use also increased with longer antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (≥1 year compared with no ART use). Among men: 51% and 69% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For men, the ability to refuse sex without condoms was associated with consistent use and use at last coitus, and believing that condoms should be used with other contraception was associated with consistent use.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate ongoing low condom utilisation among HIV-positive individuals, and highlight that ART and contraceptive use do not deter condom use. Efforts to increase condom utilisation must recognise individual-level factors that influence use and should focus on relationship dynamics and promotion of empowerment and self-efficacy.
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Jadhav, Apoorva, Parinita Bhattacharjee, T. Raghavendra, James Blanchard, Stephen Moses, Shajy Isac, and Shiva S. Halli. "Risky Behaviors among HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Northern Karnataka, India." AIDS Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/878151.

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Purpose. Little is known about the risky sexual behaviors of HIV-positive female sex workers (FSWs) in the developing world, which is critical for programmatic purposes. This study aims to shed light on their condom use with regular clients as well as husband/cohabiting partner, a first in India.Methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses for consistent condom use with regular clients and husband/cohabiting partner are conducted for the sample of 606 HIV-positive FSWs.Results. Older FSWs are 90% less likely and nonmobile FSWs are 70% less likely to consistently use condoms. FSWs on ART are 3.84 times more likely to use condoms. Additionally, FSWs who changed their occupation after HIV diagnosis are 70% less likely to use condoms. FSWs who are currently cohabiting are more likely to consistently use condoms with repeat clients and are 3.22 times more likely to do so if they have felt stigma associated with being HIV-positive. FSWs who have multiple repeat clients, and who do not know the sexual behavior of these clients, are more likely to use condoms consistently.Conclusion. This study would help inform programs to target the following particularly vulnerable HIV-positive FSWs: those who are older, those who changed their occupation post-HIV diagnosis, and those who are nonmobile.
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Tsuyuki, Kiyomi, Regina María Barbosa, and Adriana de Araujo Pinho. "Dual Protection and Dual Methods in Women Living with HIV: The Brazilian Context." Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2013 (June 20, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/540789.

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The cooccurrence of HIV and unintended pregnancy has prompted a body of work on dual protection, the simultaneous protection against HIV and unintended pregnancy. This study examines dual protection and dual methods as a risk-reduction strategy for women living with HIV. Data are from a cross-sectional sample of HIV-positive women attended in Specialized STI/AIDS Public Health Service Clinics in 13 municipalities from all five regions of Brazil 2003-2004 (N=834). Descriptive techniques and logistic regression were used to examine dual protection among women living with HIV. We expand the definition of dual protection to include consistent condom use and reversible/irreversible contraceptive methods, we test the dual methods hypothesis that women who use dual methods will use condoms less consistently than women who use only condoms, and we identify predictors of dual protection. Dual protection is common in our sample. Women who use dual methods have lower odds of consistent condom use than women who only use condoms. Among dual method users, we find that women who use an irreversible method use condoms more consistently than women who use a reversible method. Women on ART and with an HIV-serodiscordant partner have greater odds of consistent condom use than their counterparts.
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Akinyemi, Joshua O., Olutosin A. Awolude, Isaac F. Adewole, and Phyllis J. Kanki. "Condom use among antiretroviral therapy patients in Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 08 (June 3, 2010): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.732.

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Background: While antiretroviral treatment (ART) has improved the health status of people living with HIV, new challenges to their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and their ability to prevent secondary HIV infections have risen. This study aimed to determine the level and factors that affect condom use among ART-experienced patients at the premier teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methodology: This longitudinal study involved patients who initiated treatment at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January and December 2006. Sexually active patients who had received treatment for at least six months and had not defaulted on clinic follow-up schedules were studied. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and condom use were extracted from clinic records. Chi square test and logistic regression were employed to determine factors associated with condom use. Results: The study involved 866 patients, specifically, 306 (35.3%) men and 560 (64.7%) women aged 40.7 (SD 7.6) and 33.3 (SD 6.5) years respectively. Condoms usage before treatment and at last clinic visits was 14.0% and 43.3% respectively. Overall reports of condom use at specified periods were as follows: 1 - 6 months (33.0%); 7 - 12 months (37.3%) and above 12 months (53.8%). Patients in a marital union and those with higher education were more likely to use condoms. Conclusions: Condom use is significantly influenced by marital status and educational level. Although condom use increases together with follow-up time, the level can be improved. Primary and secondary prevention efforts targeting high-risk sexual behaviour among ART patients need to receive greater and continual attention.
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Adefala, Ngozi, Kolawole Sodeinde, Abiodun Osinaike, Fikayo Bamidele, and Adebola Omotosho. "Condom use and associated factors among HIV-positive patients accessing care at a private tertiary health institution in the southwest, Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v3i1.26.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards condom utilization and other associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS enrolled in the Virology clinic in Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) Ilishan, Ogun state, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 285 ART users selected using a systematic random sampling method. The minimum sample size was estimated using the formula z2pq/d2 and a 24% prevalence extracted from a previous similar study. Data were elicited using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, analyzed using SPSS version 20, and presented as tables. The Chi-square test was used to assess associations between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at the 95% confidence interval with a p-value of 0.05. Results: From the total respondents, 180(63.2%) were females, 93.7% had good knowledge, 141(49.5%) believed ARV prevents transmission of HIV and 144 (50.5%) strongly agreed that condom reduces sexual pleasure. Majority 254 (89.1%) were currently using condoms, 131 (46.0%) used a condom consistently, while 108 (37.9%) frequently use a condom during sexual intercourse. The Use of condoms had statistically significant associations with occupation (p<0.001), married at pre-diagnosis of HIV (p<0.001), married at post-diagnosis of HIV (p<0.001) and education (p= 0.015). Conclusion: The majority of the respondents had good knowledge and were using condoms. Discussions on safe sex and improved positive attitudes towards condom-use should, however, be encouraged further.
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Greenwood, Jeremy, Philipp Kircher, Cezar Santos, and Michèle Tertilt. "An Equilibrium Model of the African HIV/AIDS Epidemic." Econometrica 87, no. 4 (2019): 1081–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta11530.

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Twelve percent of the Malawian population is HIV infected. Eighteen percent of sexual encounters are casual. A condom is used a third of the time. To analyze the Malawian epidemic, a choice‐theoretic general equilibrium search model is constructed. In the developed framework, people select between different sexual practices while knowing the inherent risk. The calibrated model is used to study several policy interventions, namely, ART, circumcision, better condoms, and the treatment of other STDs. The efficacy of public policy depends upon the induced behavioral changes and equilibrium effects. The framework complements the insights from epidemiological studies and small‐scale field experiments.
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Dieckhaus, Kevin D., Toan H. Ha, Stephen L. Schensul, and Avina Sarna. "Modeling HIV Transmission from Sexually Active Alcohol-Consuming Men in ART Programs to Seronegative Wives." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822095228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220952287.

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Background: The rollout of antiviral therapy in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) has reduced HIV transmission rates at the potential risk of resistant HIV transmission. We sought to predict the risk of wild type and antiviral resistance transmissions in these settings. Methods: A predictive model utilizing viral load, ART adherence, genital ulcer disease, condom use, and sexual event histories was developed to predict risks of HIV transmission to wives of 233 HIV+ men in 4 antiretroviral treatment centers in Maharashtra, India. Results: ARV Therapy predicted a 5.71-fold reduction in transmissions compared to a model of using condoms alone, with 79.9%, of remaining transmissions resulting in primary ART-resistance. Conclusions: ART programs reduce transmission of HIV to susceptible partners at a substantial increased risk for transmission of resistant virus. Enhanced vigilance in monitoring adherence, use of barrier protections, and viral load may reduce risks of resistant HIV transmissions in LMIC settings.
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Ali, Mohammed Seid, Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne, Mekibib Kassa Tesemma, and Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne. "Consistent Condom Use and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian Health Center, 2016 GC." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (March 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7134908.

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Background. The burden of Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is high in sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia which have over two-thirds of the global HIV burden. Many would argue that consistent condom use is not most effective method for HIV prevention. Condoms offer protection against unwanted pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections including Human Immune Deficiency Virus, when used correctly and consistently. Inconsistent use of condom by People Living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome on Antiretroviral Therapy will lead to further worsening the Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection epidemic and reinfection with new drug resistant viral strains. Objective. To assess magnitude of consistent condom use and associated factors among HIV-positive clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian health center, 2016 GC. Method. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted, from April 15 to June 10, 2016. A total of 358 patients on ART in Koladiba Health Center had participated in this research. Koladiba Health Center is the first health center in Ethiopia that is found in Debbie district, which is located in north Gondar Zone. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was computed and binary and multiple logistic regressions were also conducted to examine the effect of selected independent variables on consistent condom use. Result. A total of 358 ART clients participated in the study with response rate of 90%. Among study participants, 138 (38.5%) were in the age category of 35-44 years. About 216 (60.3%) of the participants were female and 325 (90.8%) were Orthodox followers. Consistent condom use was reported by 130 (55.8%) sexually active study subjects. Respondents in rural residence (AOR=0.326, 95% CI: 0.109, 0.973) and sexual partner initiated condom use (AOR=0.031, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.186) were found to be the independent predictors of consistent condom use. Conclusion and Recommendations. Consistent condom utilization among HIV clients on ART was low (55.8%). Place of residence and condom use initiation during sexual contact were significantly associated with consistent condom use. It is better to give more emphasis on health education and counseling service about consistent condom use for PLWHA who are on ART during follow-up especially for those who came from rural areas.
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Barnett, W., G. Patten, B. Kerschberger, K. Conradie, D. B. Garone, G. Van Cutsem, and C. KJ Colvin. "Perceived adherence barriers among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 14, no. 4 (November 22, 2013): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v14i4.51.

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Background. The recent scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in resource-limited settings has greatly improved access to treatment. However, increasing numbers of patients are failing first- and second-line ART.Objective. To examine factors affecting adherence to second-line ART from the perspective of clinic staff and patients, assessing both individual and structural perceived barriers.Methods. Research was conducted at a large primary care tuberculosis (TB)/HIV clinic in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban township in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants were drawn from a Médecins Sans Frontières-run programme to support patients failing second-line ART. A qualitative research approach was used, combining multiple methodologies including key informant interviews with staff (n=11), in-depth interviews with patients (n=10) and a Photovoice workshop (n=11). Responses and photographs were coded by content; data were transformed into variables and analysed accordingly.Results. Staff identified drinking, non-disclosure, not using condoms and pill fatigue as barriers to ART adherence, while patients identified side-effects, not using condoms and a lack of understanding concerning medication timing. With respect to service delivery, staff identified a need for continued counselling and educational support following ART initiation. Patients were concerned about missing medical records and poor staff attitudes in the clinic.Conclusion. These findings identify discrepancies between provider and patient perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of adherence, as well as of service delivery solutions. This highlights the need for on-going counselling and education following ART initiation, improved quality of counselling, and improved methods to identify and address specific barriers concerning medication adherence.
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Kroiz, L. "Breeding Modern Art: Criticism, Caricature, and Condoms in New York's Avant-garde Melting Pot." Oxford Art Journal 33, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 337–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kcq032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Bradshaw, Joe W. "Condom Use Among College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2852/.

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With the spread of the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and sexually transmitted diseases, it is extremely important for sexually active individuals to protect themselves properly if they decide to engage in sexual intercourse. Knowledge of HIV and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has been associated with safer sexual practices, but knowledge alone does not totally explain risky sexual practices. This study examined how 154 college students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS, relationship status, perceptions of condom use, and perceptions of personal risk affect condom use during sexual intercourse. The impact of trust and love justifications along with the approval of peers were also examined. Perceptions of condom use and perceptions of personal risk were compared by gender and ethnicity; how perception of personal risk is related to condom use and condom use intentions was also examined. Condom use intention was found to be a significant predictor of condom use, and a significant difference of means for condom use intentions was reported between individuals who used condoms during their last experience with sexual intercourse and those who did not use condoms during their last sexual experience
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Belcher, Kelly Leigh. "Evidentiary Value of Condoms: Comparison of Durable Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Condoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2481/.

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Condom trace evidence must not be overlooked in sexual assault cases; understanding the chemical and physical characteristics of condoms is imperative if condoms are to be useful evidence. Previous research shows that condom identification is possible, but it is equally important to evaluate durability of condom residues versus time. Using FT-IR, this study examined vaginal swabs from subjects who self-sampled at intervals for up to 72 hours after having intercourse with a condom. This study investigated whether age and the stage of the menstrual cycle affected the durability of residues in the vagina over time. This study revealed that condoms containing nonoxynol-9, silicone-based lubricants, and particulates provide valuable information for identification, and that nonoxynol-9 specifically withstands the vaginal environment for up to 72 hours. Additionally, age and menstrual cycle both appeared to have an effect on the durability of residues although larger sample size is desirable.
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Flood, Michael, and mflood@familyplanningact org au. "Lust, Trust and Latex: Why young heterosexual men don't use condoms." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011205.151419.

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My research involves a critical analysis of the sexual cultures of young heterosexual Australian men. This research is driven by the need to understand and prevent the heterosexual sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS. I focus on young heterosexual men’s understandings and experiences of condom use and non-use, given that condoms are a key means of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. ¶ I conducted in-depth interviews with seventeen men, using these to explore sexual practices and the meanings and sociosexual relations through which these are organised. This ‘close-focus’ qualitative approach is oriented to assessing the interplay between men’s personal experience and the social relations of sexuality and gender. I draw on empirical feminist investigations of women’s relation to HIV/AIDS, the critical scholarship on men and masculinities and masculine sexualities, and sociological scholarship on sexualities. ¶ My research finds that young heterosexual men emphasise five themes in accounting for their non-use of condoms. First, men stress the risk of pregnancy rather than the risks of HIV or other sexually transmitted infections, and they respond to the former risk by relying on their partners’ use of the Pill. Second, men perceive that wearing condoms decreases their penile sensation and that condoms are difficult to use. Third, men find that the “heat of the moment” of sexual episodes, their spontaneous and passionate ambience, makes it hard to incorporate condoms and, indeed, condoms destroy this “moment”. Fourth, men privilege “trust” as fundamental to their sexual involvements, and they quickly define involvements as “relationships” and therefore as trusting and monogamous, such that they abandon condoms. Fifth, men believe that they are very unlikely to contract HIV because they see their social circles, institutions, the heterosexual community or heterosexual sex per se as safe and free of HIV/AIDS, so there is no need to wear condoms. ¶ I compare these findings with the argument in the AIDS literature that heterosexual men’s use of condoms is limited by several understandings associated with masculine sexuality and masculinity. I argue that these understandings do not appear to be widespread as the literature claims, some work in contradictory ways and are compatible with safe sex, and other sets of meanings are more influential in heterosexual men’s unsafe sex. Men do not represent wearing condoms as feminising or homosexualising, nor as masculine. I conclude by exploring how heterosexual men could be encouraged to use condoms through appeals to notions associated with masculinity and masculine sexuality.
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Flood, Michael. "Lust, trust, and latex why young heterosexual men don't use condoms /." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011205.151419/index.html.

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Andino, Gilberto. "Designing and Evaluating an Educational Initiative Promoting Condom Use Among HIV+ Hispanic Men." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3516.

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In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that between 252,000 and 312,000 Hispanic men and women in the United States were unaware of their risk for transmitting HV/AIDS. Guided by the logic model and Leininger's theory, the purpose of this project was to design a culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS educational program for HIV+ Hispanic males and to evaluate the program content with the staff at a medical center in South Florida, with the goal of implementing the program at that center. The educational program content focused on increasing the knowledge of Hispanic HIV+ men on the effectiveness of proper condom use. In addition to presenting the educational program content, the format for delivering this content was presented to 10 members of the clinic staff. The staff responded to 8 open-ended evaluation questions developed by the student, focusing on identifying gaps in service and education needs for their Hispanic HIV+ men. Responses were summarized and themes identified. Participants indicated that there is a lack of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS education and that a bilingual HIV/AIDS educational initiative is needed to meet the needs of this vulnerable population. If the clinic staff decide to implement this educational program, the program has the potential to influence nursing practice, reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and create social change within the clinic by providing practitioners with culturally sensitive resources about HIV/AIDS and the importance of effective and consistent condom use, thus improving health care delivery to HIV+ Hispanic men.
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Smith, Teresa E. (Teresa Elizabeth). "Training Condom Use Skills for Sexually Active College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279011/.

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Eighty-nine single, sexually active, heterosexual college students (ages 17-24) participated in one of two intervention conditions. Experimental groups were taught skills specific to condom use and sexual communication via a multimedia presentation. Control groups viewed a video on an unrelated topic. Individuals in the experimental conditions were expected to show higher levels of self-efficacy, greater knowledge concerning diseases, and improved attitudes about condoms immediately following the intervention. They were also expected to report safer sexual practices at the one month follow-up. Findings reveal that improved attitude and knowledge scores did not translate into behavioral changes.
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Gurupira, Wilfred T. "Barriers to condom use in serodiscordant couples where one partner was on ART at the UZ Clinical Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4994.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
The HIV prevalence rate in Zimbabwe has been estimated at 15% (15 years old and above), which is one of the highest in the world, and HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health problem. The focus of HIV prevention strategies has been on heterosexual transmission since this is the primary driver of the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe. Heterosexual serodiscordant couples represent an important subpopulation for HIV prevention but are not well studied in Zimbabwe. In Harare almost all serodiscordant couples participating in the HPTN 052 study reported correct and consistent condom use. However, rates of STIs and pregnancies showed that couples in the study continued to have unprotected sex, in-spite of intensive couples’ counselling, quarterly follow up visits and provision of condoms. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore barriers to condom use by these serodiscordant couples in which one partner was on ART in Harare, Zimbabwe. It used a two stage qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews being the primary method of data collection. These interviews were conducted on a sample of five study staff, 15 serodiscordant couples and individuals enrolled in the HPTN 052 study in Harare, Zimbabwe after consent was obtained. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected.The study findings showed that partners were in a fairly large age range (30 to 50+ years) with males being slightly older than females. Seven males and five females were HIV positive. Couples had a wide variation in the length of their relationships, from one month to over 15 years as a couple. The study findings also showed that individuals in serodiscordant relationships understood serodiscordance. Problems unique to these couples were identified and broadly categorized as dealing with an HIV positive result, accepting serodiscordance, and difficulty of disclosing serodiscordance to family. Couples also showed understanding of the importance of condom use in a discordant relationship. The most common reason for using condoms was to prevent transmission of HIV to the uninfected partner. The main barriers to condom use were the strong desire to have children, male partner reluctance to use condoms and the influence of the negative partner in determining condom use. Based on these findings, a nuanced approach to prevention strategies, such as condom use and couples counselling and testing, is required. The aim should be to increase understanding of serodiscordance, risk and condom use at all sessions or contacts with couples.
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Ntumba, Alexis. "Knowledge, attitude and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS amongst female adolescents who are accessing the primary health services for contraception (birth pill) in Andara District, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6866_1367481616.

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Background: In Namibia, studies showed that HIV/AIDS affects youth, especially the under 24 years age group. At the same time the pregnancy rate is also high by age 19. Interestingly, in 
Andara district several reports from staff working in the reproductive services have indicated that adolescent girls, who would seem to be taking responsibility in one sphere of their sexual lives 
by protecting themselves against unwanted pregnancy, were however not using condoms to protect themselves from HIV infection. Study Aim and Objectives: To describe the knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to HIV/AIDS amongst female adolescents who are accessing the primary health care (PHC) services for contraception. Specific objectives were to describe the 
knowledge of female adolescents who are accessing the PHC services for contraception about the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, to assess their attitude with regards to 
condom use, abstinence and being faithful to one uninfected partner, also to determine the significance of association between age and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, between their 
education level and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour and the significance of association between knowledge of HIV prevention strategies and 
behaviour of female adolescents accessing 
 
PHC services for contraception in the district. Setting: The study was conducted in Andara district, North East of Namibia. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional KAB study. Sample: All female 
adolescents who are accessing PHC services for contraception selected from multistage simple random sampling in 5 facilities and systematic sampling at facility level in Andara. All married 
women within this age range were excluded in the study. Data collection tool: An interviewer-administered standardised questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis and 
Interpretations: Epi Info software 2002 was used for data analysis. The results were presented using descriptive statistics including means, 95% confidence intervals and percentages and 
this information was shown in tables, bar and pie charts. Cross-tabulations of knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores against demographic variables were performed. P-values <
0.05 were 
 
considered statistically significant. Results: 76.5% knew that unprotected sexual intercourse was the main way of getting HIV/AIDS, 77.3% knew that people could protect themselves by 
abstaining from sexual intercourse and 64.5% knew that people could protect themselves by having one uninfected faithful sexual partner. Out of 192 respondents who stated that unprotected 
sexual intercourse was the main way of HIV/AIDS transmission, 25.5% used condom every time they had sexual intercourse, 10.9% used condom almost every time they had sex, 41.1% used 
condom sometimes and 22.4% never used condom. Older girls and those who were in higher grades at school had more knowledge that could protect them from HIV infection. Later sexual 
debut is associated with increased 
condom usage at sexual debut. Conclusions: The general HIV knowledge of respondents and their knowledge of how to 
protect themselves from HIV infection were disappointing given that this 
study was conducted in health facilities. In this study we also see that knowledge does not always translate into the appropriate behaviour. The health services need to evaluate the targeting and 
effectiveness of their HIV educational messages and develop skills that will support behaviour change. 

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Pérez, Celada Julio A. "El monasterio de San Zoilo de Carrión : formación, estructura y decurso histórico de un señorío castellano-leonés, siglos XI al XVI /." Burgos : Universidad de Burgos, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38841308h.

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Driver, Nichola D. "Dimensions of Acculturation and Sexual Health among U.S. Hispanic Youth." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862835/.

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Hispanic youth living in the U.S. share a disproportionate burden of risk for HIV, other STIs, and teen pregnancies. They also tend to report lower rates of condom use and higher rates of inconsistent condom use than other racial/ethnic groups. Furthermore, immigrant Hispanic adolescents experience a unique burden of sexual risk compared to their non-immigrant counterparts. These negative sexual health outcomes can severely derail the overall health, social mobility, and life opportunities of these adolescents. Social researchers have tried to explain these sexual risk disparities using the concept of immigrant acculturation, which is broadly defined as the process of adopting the cultural values and beliefs of a host society. Immigrant acculturation has been shown to play a key role in shaping youth attitudes and behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors (see Lee & Hahm, 2010). Yet, studies have largely overlooked the contextual components of acculturation that have been proposed in theoretical literature, specifically characteristics of the immigrant's receiving community. Furthermore, studies have not adequately explored the influence of acculturation on two crucial measures of sexual risk: teen pregnancy norms and condom use. Therefore, the current dissertation consists of two unique studies that examine the influence of acculturation, at both the individual and neighborhood level, on Hispanic adolescent teen pregnancy norms and condom use over time. The aim is to fill these important gaps in the literature and expand on earlier explanations of the relationship between cultural, place, and long-term sexual health. Both studies use nationally-representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Overall, findings suggest an immigrant advantage for both teen pregnancy norms and condom use, although this advantage functions differently for males and females. Furthermore, the studies demonstrate the importance of including contextual measures of acculturation into studies related to Hispanic adolescent sexual health.
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Books on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Carvalho, Antonio. Museu-Biblioteca Condes de Castro Guimarães: Roteiro. Cascais: Câmara Municipal de Cascais, 2008.

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Gloria Marisol Cerezo San Gil. Atesoramiento artístico e historia en la España moderna: Los IX condes de Santisteban del Puerto. [Jaén]: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, Diputación Provincial de Jaén, 2006.

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Gil, Gloria Marisol Cerezo San. Atesoramiento artístico e historia en la España moderna: Los IX condes de Santisteban del Puerto. [Jaén]: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, Diputación Provincial de Jaén, 2006.

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Gloria Marisol Cerezo San Gil. Atesoramiento artístico e historia en la España moderna: Los IX condes de Santisteban del Puerto. [Jaén]: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, Diputación Provincial de Jaén, 2006.

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Bonvalot, Carlos. Cascais de Carlos Bonvalot: Museu-Biblioteca Condes de Castro Guimarõaes, Cascais 2009. Cascais: Câmara Municipal, Departamento de Cultura, 2009.

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Aly, Götz. Fromms: How Julius Fromm's condom empire fell to the Nazis. New York: Other Press, 2009.

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Aly, Götz. Fromms: How Julius Fromm's condom empire fell to the Nazis. New York: Other Press, 2009.

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Aly, Götz. Fromms: How Julius Fromm's condom empire fell to the Nazis. New York, USA: Other Press, 2009.

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Aly, Götz. Fromms: How Julius Fromm's condom empire fell to the Nazis. New York: Other Press, 2009.

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José, Folch Francisco, Quintana Sonia, and Corporación Cultural de Las Condes, eds. Claudio Bravo: Homenaje : los años chilenos, 1951-1960 : julio-agosto de 2011, Corporación Cultural Las Condes. [Santiago, Chile]: Corporación Cultural de Las Condes, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Condon, Edward U., and E. V. Van Amringe. "Mean Free Paths in a Gas Whose Molecules are Attracting Rigid Elastic Spheres." In Selected Scientific Papers of E.U. Condon, 20–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9083-1_2.

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Mubanda Rasmussen, Louise. "Condoms, Pills and Professional Identity." In Strings Attached. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265680.003.0007.

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Ethnographic research with different Catholic HIV/AIDS projects in Uganda revealed a remarkable contrast between HIV prevention and HIV counselling with regard to the condom question. Whereas HIV prevention facilitators usually followed the official Catholic policy and discouraged condom use, HIV counsellors most often encouraged their clients to use condoms. Taking this contrast as a starting point, this chapter analyses the position and practices of HIV counsellors in Catholic HIV/AIDS projects in Uganda. It focuses on the way counsellors negotiate and transform counselling techniques and notions of appropriate sexuality in the context of ARV treatment, and how these negotiations are connected to both transnational dynamics and local moral discourses. The chapter illustrates how the local professional identity of HIV counsellors and the transnational relations of the ART scale-up project appear to structure the counsellors’ approach to condom use much more than the official policy of the Catholic Church.
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Correia, Sister. "Condom Catheters." In Principles and Practice of Nursing: Art of Nursing Procedures (Volume 1), 415. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11896_34.

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"My art is for my people." In I Refuse to Condemn. Manchester University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526151483.00026.

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Bailey, Peter J. "Rear Condo." In The Reluctant Film Art of Woody Allen, 203–14. University Press of Kentucky, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813167190.003.0015.

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Hoppe, Trevor. "“HIV Stops with Me”." In Punishing Disease. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291584.003.0003.

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When the CDC announced its new priorities for HIV prevention in 2003, many public health advocates were alarmed—where were the condoms? This announcement came on the heels of a growing sentiment among public health experts that declining rates of condom use required new strategies for keeping the epidemic in check. This chapter tells the story of how a series of CDC policy shifts over the next decade worked to “repolarize” the very notion of HIV prevention away from targeting HIV-negative people and toward targeting people living with HIV. By framing people living with HIV as individually responsibility for preventing new infections, public health officials contributed to the notion that people with a communicable disease are responsible for their illness and, as such, blameworthy for its continued spread.
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"Art, Work and Analysis in an Age of Electronic Simulation." In Modern Condtns Post Mod Contrv, 117–48. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203192726-7.

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"Refusing to condemn as a political act." In I Refuse to Condemn. Manchester University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526151483.00012.

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"They needed us, and now they are terrified." In I Refuse to Condemn. Manchester University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526151483.00008.

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Baal, Christina. "In the Eyes of the Condor." In When Birds Are Near, 120–32. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750915.003.0016.

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This chapter recounts how the author traveled to the edge of the North American continent to attempt to find the king of North American vultures: the California condor. To birders, vultures are these incredible creatures that clean up after humans and keep the world free from a myriad of diseases. The California condor is a species that cannot adapt fast enough to an evolving human world. Today, the range of the California condor is so reduced that there are very few places that the author could have gone to find it. There are wild populations along California's southern coast from Big Sur to Ventura County and in northern Baja California; there is also a small population in Arizona in the Grand Canyon.
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Conference papers on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Ni Luh Enita, Kuswarsantyo, Ni Luh Enita Maharani, and Kuswarsantyo Kuswarsantyo. "The Dance of Condong Legong Keraton in Yogyakarta: Transfer the Character Education to Children." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Art and Arts Education (ICAAE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaae-18.2019.31.

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Warongan, Vicky Arfeni, Fazidah Aguslina Siregar, and Etti Sudaryati. "The Influence of Behavior Factors on The Incidence of Syphilis in High-Risk Men in Public Health Centers, Medan, North Sumatera." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.22.

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ABSTRACT Background: Sexually Transmitted Infection is still a public health problem globally, because the pattern of the disease almost occurs in all countries until now, especially syphilis. Homosexual behavior, sexual promiscuity, and migration from one place to another can be potential to be transmitted by syphilis. This study aimed to analyze the influence of behavioral factors towards the incidence of syphilis in the work area of the Public Health Centers in Medan, 2019. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in Teladan, Helvetia and Padang Bulan Public health centre. A sample of 80 consisting of 40 cases and 40 control was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was syphilis. The independent variables were HIV status, history of sexually transmitted diseases, previous history of syphilis, history of circumcision, use of condoms, use of drugs, number of sex partners and the average frequency of sex. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Variables that influence syphilis are the history of syphilis (OR= 28.52; 95% CI= 7.55 to 107.78; p= 0.0001) and drug use (OR= 15.12; 95% CI= 2.57 to 89.24; p= 0.003). Meanwhile, HIV status (OR = 1.55; 95% CI= 0.41 to 5.87; p= 0.520), use of condoms (OR= 0.2 01; 95% CI= 0.63 to 8.90; p= 0.201) and sexually transmitted diseases (OR= 1.53; 95%CI= 0.23 to 10.18; p= 0.660). The previous history of syphilis was the dominant influence of the incidence of syphilis (OR=28.52; 95% CI= 7.55 to 107.78; p=0.001). Conclusion: Variables that influence syphilis are the history of syphilis (OR= 28.52; 95% CI= 7.55 to 107.78; p= 0.0001) and drug use (OR= 15.12; 95% CI= 2.57 to 89.24; p= 0.003). Meanwhile, HIV status (OR = 1.55; 95% CI= 0.41 to 5.87; p= 0.520), use of condoms (OR= 0.2 01; 95% CI= 0.63 to 8.90; p= 0.201) and sexually transmitted diseases (OR= 1.53; 95%CI= 0.23 to 10.18; p= 0.660). The previous history of syphilis was the dominant influence of the incidence of syphilis (OR=28.52; 95% CI= 7.55 to 107.78; p=0.001). Conclusion: It is recommended that the Health Service of Medan can give inputs for developing health intervention program, including the evaluation of STI intervention programs. The management of Teladan, Helvetia and Padang Bulan Public Health Centers should increase counseling, medication, and prevention programs towards syphilis for the high risk male population. Keywords: Influence, Syphilis, Case Control Correspondence: Vicky Arfeni Warongan, SKM. Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Universitas No.32, Padang Bulan, Kecamatan Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20222. Email: vickyarfeni@gmail.com. Mobile: 081263197791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.22
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Zhu, Hongxiang, and Ang Lay Hoon. "Translation Methods of Sound Words from Weapon Collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.16-3.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the translation methods of sound words from weapon collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes. This qualitative case study probes into how the sound words from weapons collisions are translated. The translation material of this study adopts translated Volume I and Volume II of Legends of the Condor Heroes. The sound words or expressions (n=120) of weapon collisions are collected based on purposive sampling method. Data is analyzed by inductive thematic analysis method. The finding illustrates that the sound words from weapon collisions are translated with the methods of omission with the figure of 48%, onomatopoeia of 29% and explication 23% in the translation version. In conclusion, the trend of translation method of sound words from weapon collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes goes towards target language-oriented translation.
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Hubaybah, Hubaybah, and Adelina Fitri. "Evaluation of Hiv-Aids Prevention Program in Homosexual Men in Jambi." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.34.

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a global public health concern. According to data in 2018, 37.9 million people in the world are infected with HIV. In Indonesia, the three most risky populations of HIV infection were injecting drug users (56%), homosexual men (18%), heterosexual (17%), and the others (9%), from April to June 2019. The reported data from the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (IBBS) in 2015 showed that the significantly increased number of 2.5 times in the prevalence of HIV infection among homosexual men compared to the data from 2013. This study aimed to investigate the evaluation of HIV-AIDS prevention program in homosexual men in Jambi. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted at Kanti Sehati Sejati Foundation, Jelutung, Jambi, from April to July 2020. The study informants were head of the foundation, head of population outreach program, field accessor of the population outreach program, and assisted homosexual client. The data were collected by in-depth interviews and document reviews. The data were analyzed by reduction, displaying, and drawing conclusions/ verification. Results: The input of the HIV-AIDS prevention was systematically programmed, including education on the used of lubricants and protection/ condoms, budget monitoring and evaluation, and counseling to homosexual men. The process of program had been implemented in accordance with the existing program implementation guidelines. The inhibiting factor of the program was the stigma of homosexual men families not supporting to seek health services. The output of the HIV-AIDS prevention program showed that homosexual men had improved the awareness of not changing partners, using condoms while having sex, and finding new cases of HIV. Conclusion: HIV-AIDS prevention programs have been well implemented based on input, process, and output system approach. Peer group support is needed to persuade understanding of families from homosexual men to overcome the inhibiting factor of the program implementation. Keywords: HIV-AIDS, prevention program, homosexual men Correspondence: Hubaybah. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi. Jl. Letjend Soeprapto No 33 Telanai Pura Jambi. Email: hubaybah@unja.ac.id. Mobile: +628117453224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.34
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Ma, Qian. "Influence of Five-Elements Theory, Myths And Legends Acting On Character Structure of the Legend of the Condor Heroes." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Intercultural Communication (ICELAIC-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-15.2016.185.

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Zell, Mo. "Positioning Urban Neighborhoods for Prosperity." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.6.

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Globally, financial and cultural pressures continue to contribute to localized inequalities. These growing disparities generated by real estate speculation and migrations tend to intensify rather than abate a sense of inequality and the undoing of communities. In Milwaukee, however, the problem is the opposite. Gentrification due to real estate speculations do not exist in the same degree. Instead, systemic poverty contributes to the disenfranchisement of black and brown populations. Empty storefronts in neighborhoods hit hard by poverty are not being replaced with high-end condos, but rather they simply remain empty. This paper details the efforts to ameliorate not only the physical attributes of vacancy through changing capital flows but also to give agency to voices from the community.
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Primasari, Nessy Anggun, Niswa Salamung, Ahmad Ali Basri, and Ester Radandima. "Analysis Factors Used Condom among Patient with HIV/AIDS Transmission to Housewife Living at Ex-Prostitution Area in Surabaya." In The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008326904660471.

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Barnell, Mark, Qing Wu, and Richard Linderman. "Integration, Development and Performance of the 500 TFLOPS Heterogeneous Cluster (Condor)." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70083.

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The Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate Advanced Computing Division (AFRL/RIT) High Performance Computing Affiliated Resource Center (HPC-ARC) is the host to a very large scale interactive computing cluster consisting of about 1800 nodes. Condor, the largest interactive Cell cluster in the world, consists of integrated heterogeneous processors of IBM Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) multicore CPUs, NVIDIA General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs) and Intel x86 server nodes in a 10Gb Ethernet Star Hub network and 20Gb/s Infiniband Mesh, with a combined capability of 500 trillion floating operations per second (TFLOPS). Applications developed and running on CONDOR include large-scale computational intelligence models, video synthetic aperture radar (SAR) back-projection, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), video target tracking, linear algebra and others. This presentation will discuss the design and integration of the system. It will also show progress on performance optimization efforts and lessons learned on algorithm scalability on a heterogeneous architecture.
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Ramirez, Juan A., Luis B. Gutierrez, and Rafael E. Vasquez. "An Iterative Feedback Tuning Scheme for the Multiloop PID Control of a UAV." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38384.

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An alternative for the steady-level flight control on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the use of decentralized multi-loop PID controllers for each controlled variable. PIDs are linear structured low order controllers which are not so easy to tune in the presence of complex dynamics such as multivariable, non-minimum phase, oscillatory and high-order plants; and the use of conventional design techniques based on linearized models usually does not end in satisfactory results. In this work a design scheme based on iterative feedback tuning (IFT) for the multivariable nonlinear model of the Condor Andino UAV (Andean Condor UAV) is addressed. The method proposes the optimization of a quadratic performance target function using the closed loop response obtained from simulations. In this case the characteristics of the model are not used directly in the controller tuning process, but in simulations and in some other numeric manipulations. The optimization process is made using a modified version of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The simulation results show that a set of controller parameters can be found such that the target function has a local minimum.
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Suga, Kazuhiro, Masanori Kikuchi, Taro Moteki, and Ryoma Arimura. "Polarization Curve Modeling With Flow Properties." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57177.

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The present study proposes a concept of corrosion prediction under flow fields. In the concept, polarization curves in pracical condions are estimated from flow properties based on some polarization curved obtained by simple examinations. In order to achieve it, the study developed a measurement system to characterize corrosion conditions by flow properties. The system allowed the real-time observation of the transition of specimen surface using a channel made of transparent acrylic and micro scope and evaluation of flow properties by computational fluid dynamics. An experiment was carried out to demonstrate the function of the system.
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Reports on the topic "Condoms in art"

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Huynh, Tai, Nathalie Sava, Shoshana Hahn-Goldberg, Jen Recknagel, Isaac I. Bogoch, Kevin A. Brown, Vinity Dubey, et al. Mobile On-Site COVID-19 Vaccination of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities by Neighbourhood Risk in Toronto. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.14.1.0.

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Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are apartment, condo, co-op and social housing buildings that while not purpose-built for older adults, have become home to a high number of them. In Toronto, there are 489 residential buildings that are NORCs. Of these, 256 are located in neighbourhoods with the highest cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2, and are home to 40,955 older adults 65 years of age and above, including 18,144 older adults 80 years of age and above. Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination by both age and neighbourhood of residence is an effective strategy to minimize deaths, morbidity, and hospitalization. Targeting people living in NORCs in high-risk neighbourhoods for early vaccination is a practical application of that strategy, which will also address barriers to vaccination in this population.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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The role of incentives in encouraging workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programs. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1007.

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This brief examines the role of incentives in encouraging companies in Thailand to adopt workplace policies and programs that address AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and respond to the needs of workers for information and services. The research was a collaboration between the Horizons Program, American International Assurance (AIA), the Thailand Business Coalition on AIDS (TBCA), and AusAID. After the initiative was launched (known as the AIDS-response Standard Organization), TBCA staff built relationships with company managers to explain and promote the advantages of joining. Companies agreeing to implement at least three HIV/AIDS workplace policies would receive a reduction of 5–10 percent off group life insurance premiums from AIA, Thailand’s largest insurance provider, if they were AIA clients. As the initiative evolved, TBCA introduced the additional incentive of a certificate endorsed by the government and awarded at a high-profile public ceremony. For each company agreeing to participate, TBCA offered assistance to enhance their activities, including providing educational leaflets, videos, and a mobile exhibition, as well as condoms, peer education training, counseling and referrals to support groups for HIV-positive employees, and assistance with writing company HIV/AIDS policies.
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Community approaches and government policy reduce HIV risk in the Dominican Republic. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1003.

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Effective programs that avert new HIV infections among sex workers and their partners, and hence the general population, are critical components of national HIV-prevention strategies. Prevention efforts have frequently relied on interventions that reach members of these vulnerable groups as individuals, such as condom promotion and STI management. Now, many researchers and program implementers are increasingly turning to “environmental-structural” interventions that address the physical, social, and political contexts in which individual behavior takes place. A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs—Centro de Orientación e Investigación Integral and Centro de Promoción e Solidaridad Humana—and the National Program for the Control of STDs and AIDS assessed the impact of two environmental-structural models in reducing HIV-related risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and compared their cost-effectiveness. As detailed in this brief, the models, built on years of experience gained from sex worker peer education programs, drew from the strengths of both community solidarity and government policy initiatives and engaged community members in both program and policy development.
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Emergency Contraceptive Pills: South East Asia Regional Training Manual. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1016.

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This manual aims to equip Master Trainers with appropriate knowledge on emergency contraceptive pills that can be used by a woman to prevent an unwanted pregnancy within three days of unprotected intercourse or a contraceptive accident such as condom leakage. The manual discusses emergency contraceptive pills and the provision of related services. After a day’s training, Master Trainers will have the knowledge and skills necessary to train service providers and workers on emergency contraceptive pills. Clinicians and program managers who would like to provide services or information on emergency contraceptive pills would also benefit from the manual. The manual is divided into four sessions. The first session provides an overview of the demographic and reproductive health situation in South Asia and discusses the role of emergency contraception as a reproductive health intervention. The second session defines emergency contraception and discusses details of when and how emergency contraceptive pills should be taken. Service delivery guidelines are covered in the third session. The fourth session covers counseling on emergency contraceptive pills and frequently asked questions.
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