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Academic literature on the topic 'Condorcet, Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, – marquis de, 1743-1794 – Et l'éducation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Condorcet, Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, – marquis de, 1743-1794 – Et l'éducation"
Boutin, Édith. "Idéaux de l'éducation moderne et progrès de l'humanité : étude comparative des philosophies de Rousseau et Condorcet." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26310/26310.pdf.
Full textPigno-Richard, Caroline. "Condorcet, Jules Ferry et Alain : une histoire de l'école de la République." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30046.
Full textCondorcet, Ferry and Alain can all claim membership in the Republican School. But when we consider their writings and discourses in this field, differences appear in the purpose or function they attribute to the School. These discrepancies are due to the importance each man gives to either teaching or education. We can attribute this disagreement to the different status of two of these men: Condorcet, a philosopher, and Ferry, a politician. The educational purpose could be seen as a reflection of the political consequences of that time. But when we consider Alain, a teacher not particularly concerned with the political consequences of his time, we see the problem appearing again since many of his "Propos" have as a purpose both teaching and education in the school institution. This could demonstrate that the differences that still exist inside the Republican School are not only on a political level, but on an educational one as well
Bédard, Mélanie. "La famille et l'école : entre le particulier et l'universel : les conceptions de Condorcet, Hegel, Durkheim, Parsons et Bourdieu et Passeron." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21211/21211.pdf.
Full textThis study examines how Condorcet, Hegel, Durkheim, Parsons, Bourdieu and Passeron perceive the roles of both the family and the school with regard to upbringing. Since the French Revolution, these perceptions have greatly evolved. We refer to these authors since they clearly represent the context of this evolution. Although these perceptions have inherited principles originating from the Enlightenment, they vary according to the relationship with society and the intentions by which they are guided. Universal happiness, which has an impact on the freedom of the growing individual, becomes less and less abstract. In the end, this ideal is almost surpassed by the freedom of personal happiness, which still depends today on success in school, as it is a generally accepted requirement. The responsibility of each individual is amplified, because, ever since unequal social structures have been highly criticized, social order shall no longer be based upon class determination.
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Rieucau, Jean Nicolas. "Nature et diffusion du savoir dans la pensée économique de Condorcet." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010092.
Full textIn the same way than Voltaire as far as justice and litterature are concerned, and than Turgot in matter of economics and politics, d'Alembert has been traditionally considered as the mentor of condorcet in sciences and mathematics. For all that, is the influence of the joint publisher of the encyclopedie upon Condorcet's ideas in economics to be judged as a marginal one ? Precisely not : departing from a mixed conception of mathematics which he shares with d'alembert, and from a questioning upon probabilistic doubts of the latter, Condorcet has been induced to develop a choice theory under uncertainty which overtakes the classical field of chance games or of insurances, to extend to the domain of economical enterprise as such, whatsoever consisting in culture, commerce or industry. In doing this, he submits the factor of risk to an unprecedented probabilistic formalisation as he envisages the profit collected by the undertaker. Moreover, the rehabilitation by condorcet of the praxeology's significance of probability theory, which had been ruined by d'alembert, enlightens the peculiarity of some of his reflections in matter of public education, those being closely linked to his thought in economics. According to condorcet, only the teaching of doctrine of chances can actually enable individuals to give a rational turn to their economic behaviour
Coutel, Charles. "République et instruction publique chez Condorcet : genèse et unité d'une problématique." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040017.
Full textThis work analyses Condorcet's theories on the notions of republic and state education, following the genesis of the philosophical questions thus raised. Beyond the hagiographical simplifications, the texts are studied in their evolution and their internal coherence. Several principles (perfectibility, rationality, enlightened collegial structure, secularity and humanity) are to be found and applied in Condorcet's political and educational works. State education is therefore a component of the republic, and the republic, by educating all the children, ensures its own enlightened revisability. The elementary forms of knowledge make up the common reason which is necessary for the republic to progress. The relation with human rights and the principle of humanity gives Condorcet's philosophy its unity : humanism is indissociable from humanitarianism. The republican school perpetuates the republic, develops fraternity and equality as it works for the progress of enlightenment. Beside those philosophical analyses, this work examines how the republican synthesis, he is to the philosophy of englightenment, was occulted by the Montagne party in 1792 and 1793 : unanimist democracy and enlightened republic, education and instruction were then confused. Since then, Condorcet's theories have been constantly under discussion
Diss, Mostapha. "Paradoxes, stabilité et efficience des classements par points." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0659.
Full textThe purpose of the present Thesis is concerned with the study of several voting situations involving the large category of scoring voting rules. The studies are conducted using a probabilistic framework based on standard assumptions used in social choice theory for three candidate election. First, we examine a new concept, the stability of a voting rules set. In particular, we discuss the stability of a set composed by well-known scoring voting rules. Second, we present a contribution to the analysis of Borda's paradox. We extend known results from the literature by giving the occurrence of this paradox for each scoring voting rule. In the final contribution of this thesis, we define a new framework which includes both scoring voting rules, and approval voting. The main objective of this study is to revisit the Condorcet efficiency in this extended framework by introducing a new probabilistic assumption
Kamwa, Eric. "Essais sur les modes de scrutin et la sélection des comités." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0503.
Full textThis thesis focuses on committee selection by distinguishing two approaches. Under the approach based on the respect of the majority criterion, we suggest a new selection rule which, like four other rules already proposed in the literature, always selects the Condorcet Committee à la Gehrlein (GCC) when it exists. Such selection rules are said to be stable. We study some of their normative properties and analyze the relationships that exist between their choice sets. In voting situations with four candidates and for two-member committees, we determine the likelihood of a CCG to be majority preferred to any other committee. Under the approach based on scoring rules, we determine the probability of agreement between collective rankings on a set of four candidates and those on its proper subsets; we define and evaluate two paradoxes of committee selection. A review of the Chamberlin-Courant rule allows us to reopen the debate on its axiomatization. We examine the impact of singlepeakedness on the occurrence of the paradoxes of variable electorate for two-round voting systems
Gaudebout, Jean-Claude. "L'influence de la pensée physiocratique dans les écrits pré-révolutionnaires de Condorcet." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100019/2019PA100019.pdf.
Full textCondorcet (september 1743-march 1794), mathematician and academician, entered politics well before the french Revolution. Installed in Paris from 1762, he begins by focusing mainly on mathematics, until his entry into 1769 at the Academy of Science, at the very time when the government is implementing reforms inspired by the Physiocraty (freedom of trade in grains, municipal reform of Laverdy) between 1764 and 1769. Two periods characterize the political activity of Condorcet before the french Revolution.Turgot, appointed controller general of Finance in August 1774 by Louis XVI, calls him as one of his advisors, with Dupont de Nemours and Morellet, and appoints him as currency inspector. Then, he did not cease, throughout the ministry of Turgot (august 1774-may 1776), to support the reforms undertaken by Turgot (freedom of the internal trade of grains, abolition of the chore), in writings largely inspired by the Physiocratic doctrine, without ever openly claiming it.After the fall of Turgot, he takes part in the political debates related to the creation of representative assemblies, from the Ministry of Calonne (1783-1787). It was then that he defended, in all his writings from the period up to the Revolution, the provincial assemblies that he largely reiterates the project of municipalities of Dupont de Nemours (1775), marking his clear opposition to the call for the Estates General. Unable to prevent them, at the same time as he proposes a bill of rights, he finally tries to get elected deputy of the nobility, without success
Merlin, Vincent. "L'agregation des preferences individuelles : les regles positionnelles iteratives et la methode de copeland." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN0563.
Full textConsider a group of individuals who have to choose among several alternatives (economic plans, social states, political candidates, etc. . . ). A purpose of social choice theory is to study the different ways to aggregate the individual preferences in order to determine the best decision methods. Scoring runoff methods (like the nanson rule or the two-stage french electoral system), determine the collective ranking by progressively removing from consideration the alternatives on the basis of scoring rules. These methods are confronted with several normative criteria (monotonicity, consistency, partial non-manipulability, majority conditions). For three candidates contests, we derive the exact formula of electing a condorcet winner for all scoring runoffs. The copeland method ranks the alternatives according to their number of victories in pairwise comparisons; the candidate(s) with the greatest number of victories are selected. The relationships between the copeland rankings and the scoring rules (especially the borda rule) are extensively described when three candidates are in competition. If more than five candidates are involved, these rankings can differ by much as one desires. The properties and the flaws of the copeland method are then analyzed with a geometric approach of aggregation rules
Mammone, Rinaldi Angelo. "Équations philosophiques : la construction de la science mathématique de la politique par Condorcet dans l'«Essai sur la probabilité des décisions ». Un essai de philologie mathématique." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0005.
Full textThe Condorcet's Essai sur la probabilité des décisions is a paradox for a mere mathematical history of mathematics : mathematicians judged this text 1. Very important (18th-early 19th century), 2. An error and a source of error (19th-half 20th century), 3. And today again very important. As a mathematical history focusing only on mathematics is insufficient, a history of mathematics must deal both with the calculations and their (philosophical, political, religious) senses. In the first part I show the history of this paradox, analysing the oppositions between the groups of mathematicians, the fight to sacralize some researches as 'science', and the fights to preserve or to change memories. In the second part I try to follow the sound and meaning of the words Condorcet uses, through the texts coeval and previous to his calculations. I show then the intimate relations between the mathematical quest of solutions to problems and the philosophical research that goes before and along it