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Academic literature on the topic 'Conducta suïcida'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conducta suïcida"
Villar, Cabeza Francisco. "Factores de riesgo en la conducta suicida en la adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/650280.
Full textSuicidal behaviour in adolescence is complex and heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to comprehend. This phenomenon, which causes a lot of suffering, not only in the adolescent but also in the family and social environment, has many myths and taboos, and needs a lot of effort to properly understand, both at a clinical and at a theoretical level. This thesis is based on three empirical studies completed with data gathered from adolescents with suicidal behaviour seen in a pediatric hospital in Barcelona. The results provide evidencewhich try to respond to the two main aims of the thesis: which profile presents the adolescent with suicidal behaviour and which of them has a tendency to repeat suicidal behaviour? The answers to these questions will help professionals working in the emergency department improve their decision making process when dealing with adolescents with suicidal behaviour, with the aim of preventing these patients from repeating suicidal behaviour or from committing suicide after being discharged from hospital. The first project tries to answer the question: who are the adolescents that display suicidal behaviour? The study is based on Fortune and collaborators’ research on 2007, suggesting that there are three different processes that lead to suicidal behaviour. Our results certainly show these three processes, each of which needs a different treatment and follow-up pathways. The prevalence of these three processes is different, being the adolescents with maladaptive personality traits the most prevalent. The second study investigates which adolescents repeat suicidal behaviour within 6 months of having attended the emergency department because of suicidal behaviour. Regression analysis revealed that a) having a family history of psychopathology, b) self-harming and c) having a diagnosis of personality disorder or maladaptive personality traits were all risk factors to repeat suicidal behaviour. The third project investigates the relationship between suicidal behaviour, dimensional personality and other clinical aspects of The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). The factorial analysis identified two different personality profiles: internalising vs externalising. In our study we conclude that the externalising profile is more prevalent in the adolescents with suicidal behaviour, and has stronger associations with having more repeated suicidal behaviour and self-harming, and a history of bullying or abuse during childhood. Moreover, this group also experiences more suicidal ideation and receives a diagnosis of personality disorder more often. The results of these three studies taken as a whole, will allow the clinicians to improve their decision making process when dealing with adolescents with suicidal behaviour, based not only on their personality profile, but also on the process the adolescent has followed to reach such behaviour.
Sanchez-Gistau, Vanessa. "Prevalença i correlats clínics de la conducta suïcida i la seva relació amb la dimensió afectiva en primers episodis psicòtics d’inici precoç." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/294856.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Between 20% and 40% of psychotic patients will attempt suicide during their lifetime illness, the risk being particularly high during the early stages of the disorder. The most robust risk factors for attempting suicide are history of suicide behaviour and depression. However, the affective dimension and its relation with suicide has been scarcely studied in adult first-episode psychosis (FEP) and no prospective studies of suicidal behaviour in early –onset FEP have been published to date. The general aims of this thesis were : to increase the knowledge about risk factors of suicide and about the affective dimension of psychosis and the relationship between them. METHODS: Participants were 110 youths aged 9 to 17 years experiencing a FEP according to DSM-IV criteria. Suicidal behaviour was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression for Severity of Suicidality, affective symptoms were assessed by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the magnitude of relationships. RESULTS: Nearly 83% of subjects experienced affective symptoms during the early phases, with depressive symptoms being the most frequently reported during the prodrome and mixed symptoms during the acute episode. The 24-month prevalence of suicide attempters was 12.4%, 10.9% during first 12 months. Suicidality during follow-up was associated with depressive symptoms at early stage (OR= 4,75; 95% CI, 1,59-15,13, p=0,005). Presence or type of affective symptoms during the FEP did not significantly predict a later diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia; however, bipolar subjects were more likely to manifest depressive and manic symptoms during the prodromal phase. CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset FEP subjects present high rates of affective symptoms and suicidality during early stages. The relationship of depressive symptoms with suicide risk highlights the importance of accurately assessing these symptoms in adolescent samples and to monitor them closely during first 12 months, regardless of DSM categories of affective and non-affective psychoses. Our findings therefore suggest that a dimensional diagnostic approach might be more appropriate for addressing the heterogeneous clinical presentation of a FEP.
Álvarez, Alonso María José. "Trauma infantil, esquizofrenia y disociación: bases del constructo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673308.
Full textCurrent evidence suggests a high prevalence of a history of childhood trauma in patients diagnosed with psychotic spectrum disorders. Patients with a history of childhood trauma have some clinical differences: more dissociative symptoms, more comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, more suicide attempts and more positive psychotic symptoms. We present a cross-sectional study of 54 patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorder. We obtained sociodemographic data, as well as data on childhood trauma, dissociation, history of suicide attempts and intensity of positive and negative psychotic symptoms. More than 75% of patients reported a history of childhood trauma. We observed a link between childhood trauma and suicidal behaviour. Patients victimized in childhood showed high rates of dissociation. Dissociative experiences are going to be related to childhood trauma both in terms of the intensity of the trauma and the number of types of trauma suffered. All types of trauma except emotional neglect showed direct correlations with dissociative experiences. We have not found any correlation between the intensity of childhood traumatic experiences and the intensity of positive psychotic symptoms, yet we have observed a moderate inverse correlation with negative psychotic symptoms.
L’evidència actual suggereix una elevada prevalença de traumes infantils en elspacients adults diagnosticats de trastorns de l’espectre esquizofrènic.La primera part de la tesi consisteix en una revisió teòrica sobre el trauma infantil,la seva prevalença en pacients adults amb malalties del espectre esquizofrènic iles diferents hipòtesis d’aquesta relació. Seguidament ens dediquem a definir elconcepte de dissociació i la seva relació amb el trauma infantil.Els pacients amb antecedents de trauma infantil tenen algunes diferènciesclíniques , entre elles més símptomes dissociatius, més comorbiditat ambmalalties psiquiàtriques dels eixos I i II del DSM IV, més temptatives suïcides i ,amb menys consens a la literatura , més símptomes psicòtics positius.Finalment tractem la relació complexa al llarg de la història de la esquizofrènia iles malalties dissociatives, especialment el trastorn dissociatiu d’identitat. Enbase a aquestes dificultats diagnòstiques entre el trastorn dissociatiu d’identitati algunes esquizofrènies, diversos autors han proposat i validat en estudisempírics el concepte de "esquizofrènia dissociativa" , amb finalitat d'utilitat clínicai terapèutica.La segona part de la tesi es un estudi empíric. Presentem un estudi transversalamb 54 pacients amb trastorn de l’espectre esquizofrènic (esquizofrènia i trastornesquizoafectiu). Vam obtenir dades sociodemogràfiques, així com dades sobretrauma infantil, dissociació, antecedents d’intents de suïcidi i intensitat delssímptomes psicòtics positius i negatius.
Cures Integrals i Serveis de Salut
Jiménez, Martínez Ester. "Marcadores de vulnerabilidad para la conducta suicida en el trastorno bipolar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283385.
Full textBipolar patients are at high risk of suicide. Bearing in mind that lithium, one of the mainstays of the treatment of BP, presents antisuicidal and antiimpulsive properties, our aims was to analyze the impact of genetic variability at genes involved in its putative mechanism of action such on the emergence of suicidal behaviour as well on increased impulsivity, which in turn has been traditionally considered as a potential endophenotype of suicidality. In addition, considering that it has been established a link between history of suicidal behaviour and a poor functional outcome, we also investigated the functional impact of trait-impulsivity in bipolar disorder. Our results showed that genetic variability at both the phosphoinositol and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways increases the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients and, in the specific case of GSK3 gene, it is also associated with increased levels of cognitive impulsivity. Furthermore, our results suggest that impulsivity, as well as depressive symptoms and hospitalizations, is strongly associated with functional impairment in bipolar disorder, especially in the domains of cognitive functioning, finance and autonomy domains.
Parra, Uribe Isabel. "Estudio de seguimiento a 5 años de las tentativas autolíticas atendidas en el área sanitaria del vallés occidental este: comparación de las características psicopatológicas con los suicidios consumados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405997.
Full textIntroduction: Suicide attempts and completed suicides are often assumed to represent the same group of individuals but are assessed at different points in the suicidal "career". However, there are indications that these are two distinct populations. This implies that preventive strategies more focused on attempted suicides may not be sufficient to prevent completed suicide. On the other hand, we know that only a small proportion of those who have attempted will complete suicide. Better characterization of the population of persons at risk of suicide would allow more effective preventive strategies to be initiated. Objectives: To compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between a population of suicide attempts and another of completed suicides, and to follow up the suicide attempts during a period of 5 years to better identify the population at greater risk of re-attempting or consuming suicide. Methodology: All suicide attempts attended at the emergency unit of the Parc Taulí Hospital in Sabadell during a calendar year were selected. The information was obtained from the information recorded in the hospital history, primary and emergency clinical reports. We also evaluated all completed suicides over a period of 3 years, and also obtained information provided by the coroner. In order to carry out the second part of the project, all the suicide attempts attended in the emergency department and all completed suicides committed until December 31, 2012, were registered. In the context of the EAAD (European Alliance Against Depression) program, that our hospital is part of, and as a preventive measure to avoid reattempts, a telephone follow-up is carried out for 1 year to all persons attended in the emergency room after making a suicide attempt. Results: The risk factors for consummate suicide were male sex, older age, job inactivity, being widowed and living alone, diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and alcohol consumption. Despite presenting a profile of greater social and clinical severity, subjects who completed suicide were not as frequently followed up by Mental Health services. As for the 5-year follow-up, it was observed that lower age, personality disorders and alcohol abuse or dependence are risk factors to repeat the attempt, while alcohol problems and an older age are risk factors to complete suicide. In addition, the telephone follow-up program was useful in reducing the risk of suicide, but most suicides were not part of the program. That is, most of the suicides occurred on the first attempt, thus limiting the preventive function of the programme. Conclusions: Consummate suicides and suicide attempts appear to be two different suicidal populations. People who die from suicide have greater contact with primary care services, which should be considered when implementing preventive measures. Attention to depressive disorders and alcohol consumption should be a priority to reduce rates of consummate suicide. Action on people who have attempted suicide is an important preventive strategy but these strategies should not be limited to this population at risk.
Suárez, Soto Elizabeth. "Polivictimización, resiliencia y conducta suicida en adolescentes atendidos por el sistema de protección y justicia juvenil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670045.
Full textSuicidal behavior in adolescents in the care of state managerial institutions (e.g., social welfare, juvenile justice) has been of little interest empirically. However, the majority of studies that have been conducted have emphasized the vulnerable condition in which these youths find themselves. A large portion of these children present a high prevalence of suicidal behavior and have suffered numerous experiences of victimization before and during their relationship with these institutions, creating grave psychological problems that are of interest to social policies. This thesis presents two original empirical studies of scientific investigations that address the relationship between the accumulation of victimization experiences or poly- victimization, resilience, and suicidal behavior in adolescents in the protection and juvenile justice systems in Spain. Both works have been published in journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which are detailed farther below with the corresponding references: - Article 1: Suárez-Soto, E., Guilera, G., & Pereda, N. (2018). Victimization and suicidality among adolescents in child and youth-serving systems in Spain. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 383-389. doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.037 - Article 2: Suárez-Soto, E., Pereda, N., & Guilera, G. (2019). Poly-victimization, resilience, and suicidality among adolescents in child and youth-serving systems. Children and Youth Services Review, doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104500 In addition, a complementary lecture (see appendices, Annex I) on understanding victimization in this collective along with a third published work, which explored the sociodemographic characteristics, victimological profile, and externalized symptomatology of youths with case files with both the protection and juvenile justice systems as well as youths with case files in only the juvenile justice system, have been included. Complementary article: Suárez-Soto, E., Pereda, N., Guilera, G., & Catalan, N. (2018). Victims or delinquents?: Adolescents involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems in Catalonia: An exploratory study. Revista de Victimología, 8, 103-130. doi:10.12827/RVJV.8.04 The study sample included 227 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (M = 15.26, DT = 1.54, 145 males and 82 females). Of these, 126 adolescents were recruited from 18 different residential installations administrated by the Direcció General d’Atenció a la Infància i l’Adolescència (DGAIA, Directorate-General for Care of Children and Adolescents in Catalunya, Spain). Similarly, 101 adolescents were recruited from three detention centers (77.2%) and five open prisons (22.8%) administered by the Direcció General d’Execucció Penal a la Comunitat i de Justícia Juvenil (DGEPCJJ, Directorate-General for Penal Enforcement in the Community and for Juvenile Justice). In general, the results highlight the significant burden of interpersonal violence to which adolescents in these groups are exposed and show that young people rarely experience a single episode of victimization in isolation, but rather live different experiences of victimization. It is also noted that suicidal behavior is common among young people served by public administrations; suicidal ideation occurs with a high frequency. The condition of poly-victims or being a victim of sexual abuse increases the likelihood of presenting suicidal behavior compared to other types of victimization. In addition, the female gender and participation in the child welfare system are related to the presence of suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation/self-harming behavior). Another glaring result that is that young people with suicidal behaviors have a lower resilience in different domains (i.e., self, family, peers, school, community) than young people without these behaviors. Second, the resilience factors associated with individual dominance (for example, emotional insight) would be the most relevant in preventing suicidal behavior in these young people. These findings highlight the importance of own resources as a key intervention objective in adolescents with suicidal behaviors and poly-victimization. The results suggest that working on how adolescents view their own resources, specifically their ability to regulate their emotions in a positive way, can help them develop their resilience in the face of adversity. This research aims to be a useful scientific contribution for clinicians and other professionals in the field of health and social sciences, which promotes the implementation of measures to prevent suicide by observing factors significantly related to suicidal behavior that reduce risk (i.e., personal resources) or increase it (e.g., poly-victimization).
Ramos, Ferraz Liliana. "Study of impulsivity dimension in Borderline Personality Disorder: The influence of impulsiveness, impulsivity-related traits and childhood sexual abuse to suicidal behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284481.
Full textThe present work is a doctoral dissertation concerning two cross-sectional studies examining a series of severity-related variables in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In the first study, the aim was to address the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in BPD subjects, using different self-report measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits together with a laboratorial behavioural measure. In the second work, we intended to clarify the role of these personality traits as well as the impact of sexual abuse during childhood in relation to suicidal behaviour in BPD patients. In the first study, we compared the differences in self-report instruments and the performance in a laboratorial measure of impulsivity between a sample of 39 BPD female subjects and 102 healthy controls. As self-reported measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) were used. We used a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) as a laboratorial-behavioural measure of response inhibition and behavioural impulsivity. The results in the psychometric instruments revealed that BPD subjects were characterized by higher levels of trait impulsiveness and hostility in several of its domains, and by higher temperament traits of novelty seeking and harm avoidance compared to healthy controls. Concerning the laboratorial-behavioural measure of impulsivity, there were no differences in the performance between BPD and control subjects. In the second study, we examined the relationships between impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, as well as the presence of childhood sexual abuse in relation to suicidal behaviours in a sample of 76 BPD patients. We first analysed the differences between BPD patients with and without previous suicide attempts concerning personality measurements, childhood sexual abuse and overall disorder severity. In a second set of analyses, we performed different regression analyses to determine the independent contribution of these variables to suicidal behaviours. Suicidal related variables were assessed by means of a structured interview designed to obtain a detailed history of previous suicidal behaviour and childhood sexual abuse was registered using a clinical interview designed for the purpose of the present work. Finally, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was used to evaluate general symptoms and disorder severity. The results showed that BPD individuals with history of suicidal behaviours were characterized by higher levels of behavioural and attitudinal hostility, also in three of its facets, resentment, suspiciousness and guilt, in comparison to non-attempters BPD patients. In contrast, no differences were found in any other personality variables. In relation to childhood sexual abuse, BPD individuals with previous suicide attempts report significantly higher percentages of sexual abuse during childhood than BPD patients without attempts. Consistently, results from regression analyses indicated that increased hostility and having suffered sexual abuse during childhood predicted the presence, higher number and severity of suicide attempts, suggesting both factors as relevant risk factors for suicidal behaviours in BPD. Taken together, the main results of the present work support impulsivity dimension as a prominent feature in BPD, and suggest that within the construct impulsivity, hostility (more related to impulsive aggression) could be a potential biological risk factor, and childhood sexual abuse as an environmental risk factor for suicidal behaviour in BPD.
Aradilla, Herrero Amor. "Inteligencia Emocional y variables relacionadas en Enfermería." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119774.
Full textEmotional Intelligence has been one of the most researched and disseminated concepts in scientific literature. In the field of nursing, formal research into EI is still a recent phenomenon. However, several authors claim that EI is a core competency for nurses and argue that establishing therapeutic relationships is necessary for them to identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of patients and their relatives. They believe that nurses need to know how to effectively manage the emotions that result from continued contact with disease and death. Nevertheless, emotional skills training has not been sufficiently considered in the advanced training of these professionals and neither is it integrated in their training programs. This doctoral thesis aims to provide empirical knowledge about the relationship between emotional competence of nurses and nursing care, and the relationship with other variables, specifically those that assess the impact that death has on students and professionals, such as death anxiety, death depression, fear of death and death obsession. It also seeks to provide scientific evidence to develop an education program that facilitates coping with emotional conflicts for future nursing professionals. The different empirical estudies have involved a sample of 1544 nursing students and 209 nurses who responded, voluntarily and anonymously, to a questionnaire about sociodemographic data, the Spanish form of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), to evaluate the PEI in its three dimensions (clarity, emotional and attention), as well as different instruments, according to the specific objectives of each of the studies. The main results obtained suggest that the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), in its Spanish version, is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the PEI in the context of nursing. The results also indicate that students who are more aware of their emotions have more difficulty coping with the idea of death as well as having higher levels of anxiety and fear. However, a better understanding and management of emotional processes decreases emotional distress caused by death impact. In this way, the nurses with higher levels of understanding and emotional management have lower death anxiety and higher levels of self-esteem. Moreover, the results indicate that 14% of nursing students present a substantial suicide risk, and depression and emotional care are significant predictors of the same. In this sense, it seems essential to implement prevention programs for mental disorders, especially with the signs and symptoms of depression. .
Fernández, Prieto Beatriz. "Resultados de un programa integrado de prevención de conductas suicidas en el área sanitaria del Vallés Occidental Este durante el periodo de 2007 a 2017." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671093.
Full textEn este estudio, se valora el efecto del acceso directo a fuentes forenses en la calidad de los registros oficiales de mortalidad por suicidio, dado que se ha observado en estudio previos que puede existir una infranotificación o infradiagnóstico de los mismos, obtener datos reales y poder realizar intervenciones oportunas basadas en datos fidedignos de eficacia.Una vez obtuvimos los datos directos de fuentes forenses evaluamos un programa integrado de prevención de la conducta suicida con intervención multinivel que se lleva a cabo en Sabadell desde 2008, con la finalidad de disminuir las tasas de suicidio. Conocer la efectividad de esta intervención multinivel, permitiría continuar con este tipo de estrategia preventiva para afrontar el suicidio y extenderlo a todo el ámbito nacional.
In this study, the effect of direct access to forensic sources on the quality of official suicide mortality records is assessed, since it has been observed in previous studies that there may be underreporting or underdiagnosis, obtaining real data and being able to carry out timely interventions based on reliable efficacy data.Once we obtained direct data from forensic sources, we evaluated an integrated program for the prevention of suicidal behavior with multilevel intervention that has been carried out in Sabadell since 2008, with the aim of reducing the rates of suicide. Knowing the effectiveness of this multilevel intervention would allow to continue with this type of preventive strategy to face suicide and extend it to the entire national scope.
Vega, Moreno Daniel. "Neurophysiological correlates of reward processing and cognitive control in Borderline Personality Disorder patients with and without self-harm history." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287912.
Full textBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder. The profound disturbances on affect regulation and impulse control observed in BPD patients have been related to a weakening of prefrontal inhibitory control, suggesting a dysregulation of the frontolimbic networks responsible of executive control and reward processing. This thesis is devoted to the study of reward processing and cognitive control mechanisms in BPD patients. In particular, this dissertation aims to examine possible alterations in these higher order cognitive functions by using neuropshysiological (functional MRI and Event Related Potentials: ERP) and psychometric techniques, in order to reach a better understanding of the BPD phenomenology, and most concretely, of non-suicidal self-injury behaviours (NSSI). For this purpose ninety-six participants, divided in three groups (BPD patients with NSSI, BPD patients without NSSI and healthy controls), were assessed for their participation in the study. Of this initial sample, different sub-groups of subjects participated in four different experiments. In the first one, we analyzed two specific reward-related ERP components in a sample of eighteen BPD patients and eighteen healthy controls. The second one was an fMRI study in which brain reward areas are investigated in a large sample of forty BPD patients (grouped in function of the presence of NSSI) and twenty healthy controls. Third, we conducted an ERP study in which the error processing was analyzed in a group of thirty-four BPD patients (grouped in function of the presence of NSSI) and seventeen healthy controls. Finally, the metacognitive capacity was assessed in a large sample of thirty-six BPD subjects and the corresponding thirty-six healthy subjects. In summary, the results obtained show that BPD patients present reward-related alterations. In particular, these patients exhibit a decrease in the amplitude of the Feedback Related Negativity ERP-component and of the power of theta activity. In addition, those BPD patients with NSSI present an enhanced activity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex compared to those BPD patients without NSSI and healthy controls. Moreover, in relation to cognitive control,, error monitoring mechanisms are preserved in BPD patients (even in those with NSSI). However, BPD patients show deficits in metacognitive monitoring on daily self-regulation and cognitive control processes. All these results allow us a better understanding of NSSI and BPD, and suggest new lines of future research.
Books on the topic "Conducta suïcida"
Luis Fernando (Coord.) López Martínez. Abordatge integral de prevenció de la conducta suïcida i autolesiva: Suïcidi i autolesió. Marcombo, 2022.
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