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Journal articles on the topic 'Conductances'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 March 2025

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Pospischil, Martin, Zuzanna Piwkowska, Michelle Rudolph, Thierry Bal, and Alain Destexhe. "Calculating Event-Triggered Average Synaptic Conductances From the Membrane Potential." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 3 (2007): 2544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01000.2006.

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The optimal patterns of synaptic conductances for spike generation in central neurons is a subject of considerable interest. Ideally such conductance time courses should be extracted from membrane potential ( Vm) activity, but this is difficult because the nonlinear contribution of conductances to the Vm renders their estimation from the membrane equation extremely sensitive. We outline here a solution to this problem based on a discretization of the time axis. This procedure can extract the time course of excitatory and inhibitory conductances solely from the analysis of Vm activity. We test

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2

Frolov, Roman, Esa-Ville Immonen, and Matti Weckström. "Visual ecology and potassium conductances of insect photoreceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (2016): 2147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00795.2015.

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Voltage-activated potassium channels (Kv channels) in the microvillar photoreceptors of arthropods are responsible for repolarization and regulation of photoreceptor signaling bandwidth. On the basis of analyzing Kv channels in dipteran flies, it was suggested that diurnal, rapidly flying insects predominantly express sustained K+ conductances, whereas crepuscular and nocturnally active animals exhibit strongly inactivating Kv conductances. The latter was suggested to function for minimizing cellular energy consumption. In this study we further explore the evolutionary adaptations of the photo

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3

Apelblat, Alexander, and Josef Barthel. "Conductance Studies of Aqueous Succinic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 3 (1992): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0309.

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Abstract Conductance measurements of aqueous solutions of succinic acid and of di-sodium succinate were performed from 278.15 to 308.15 K and the limiting conductances λ0 (1/2 Succ2- ) are reported. The Waiden product is independent of temperature: λ0(1/2 Succ2-)*η(T) = 0.503 ± 0.001. The salt conductances closely obey the Onsager limiting law. The evaluation of the equilibrium constants for the primary and secondary steps of dissociation, K1 and K2, and the limiting conductances of the hydrosuccinate ion, λ0(HSucc-), are discussed using the Quint and Viallard conductance equation

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4

Melikyan, G. B., W. D. Niles, V. A. Ratinov, M. Karhanek, J. Zimmerberg, and F. S. Cohen. "Comparison of transient and successful fusion pores connecting influenza hemagglutinin expressing cells to planar membranes." Journal of General Physiology 106, no. 5 (1995): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.106.5.803.

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Time-resolved admittance measurements were used to investigate the evolution of fusion pores formed between cells expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and planar bilayer membranes. The majority of fusion pores opened in a stepwise fashion to semistable conductance levels of several nS. About 20% of the pores had measurable rise times to nS conductances; some of these opened to conductances of approximately 500 pS where they briefly lingered before opening further to semistable conductances. The fall times of closing were statistically similar to the rise times of opening. All fusion p

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5

Carter, Gregory A., and Alan H. Teramura. "Nonsummer stomatal conductance for the invasive vines kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 12 (1988): 2392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-325.

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A field study was conducted in Maryland to estimate nonsummer stomatal conductances on clear days for two invasive woody vine species common to the southeastern United States. Before the first frost in late October, stomatal conductances were similar for kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). When minimum predawn air temperature fell to −0.6 °C, kudzu leaves were irreversibly damaged, whereas maximum daily conductance in honeysuckle was unaffected. Maximum conductances in honeysuckle increased to 14 mm s−1 in late November and mid-December, similar to late-spring

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6

Calkin, Howard W., Arthur C. Gibson, and Park S. Nobel. "Xylem water potentials and hydraulic conductances in eight species of ferns." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 3 (1985): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-079.

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Water potentials, flow rates, and anatomy of xylary elements were studied in eight species of ferns to assess the physical constraints that xylem structure presents to water flow. Comparisons were made among ferns of different leaf morphology as well as between a fern with vessels and ferns with tracheids only. Hydraulic conductance was measured by forcing a solution through excised plant segments. These hydraulic conductances were in close agreement with conductances calculated from water potential gradients and flows measured in intact plants. In three species, backflushing excised segments

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7

Nakahari, T., and Y. Marunaka. "ADH-evoked [Cl-]i-dependent transient in whole cell current of distal nephron cell line A6." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 1 (1995): F64—F72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.1.f64.

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The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on a distal nephron cell line (A6) was studied using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. A6 cells were cultured on a permeable support filter for 10-14 days in media containing 10% fetal bovine serum without supplemental aldosterone. In the unstimulated condition A6 cells had very small conductances of Na+,K+, and Cl-. Arginine vasotocin (AVT, 140 mU/ml, 280 nM) evoked a "transient" increase in whole cell currents as did dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (5 mM). These transients consisted of two components; one was the nonselective cation

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8

Moore, L. K., E. C. Beyer, and J. M. Burt. "Characterization of gap junction channels in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 5 (1991): C975—C981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.5.c975.

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Recent evidence suggest that coordination of blood flow in the microcirculation involves cell-to-cell coupling via gap junctions. In this study, using A7r5 cells as a model of vascular smooth muscle, we have characterized the gap junctions in terms of the unitary conductances of the observed channels, the responses to second messengers, and subunit protein composition. The cells were typically well coupled several hours after plating, with junctional conductances on the order 20-40 nS. Channels with mean conductances of 36 and 89 pS were observed in low-conductance cell pairs and in cell pairs

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9

Senior, A., M. J. Kosch, and F. Honary. "Comparison of methods to determine auroral ionospheric conductances using ground-based optical and riometer data." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 12 (2008): 3831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3831-2008.

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Abstract. Ground-based images of auroral optical emissions and cosmic radio noise absorption provide information on particle precipitation which enhances ionospheric conductances. Knowledge of this conductance field is important to understand the current systems associated with auroral features. Three methods of using ground-based optical and riometer data to estimate ionospheric conductances in the aurora are compared to conductances derived from incoherent scatter radar measurements. It is shown that a method using the 557.7 nm emission intensity alone gives the best results for the Pedersen

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10

Abbott, L. F., and Gwendal LeMasson. "Analysis of Neuron Models with Dynamically Regulated Conductances." Neural Computation 5, no. 6 (1993): 823–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1993.5.6.823.

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We analyze neuron models in which the maximal conductances of membrane currents are slowly varying dynamic variables regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration. These models allow us to study possible activity-dependent effects arising from processes that maintain and modify membrane channels in real neurons. Regulated model neurons maintain a constant average level of activity over a wide range of conditions by appropriately adjusting their conductances. The intracellular calcium concentration acts as a feedback element linking maximal conductances to electrical activity. The result

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11

Palmer, Lawrence G., and Gustavo Frindt. "Cl− channels of the distal nephron." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): F1157—F1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00496.2005.

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Cl− currents were observed under whole cell clamp conditions in cells of the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD), connecting tubule (CNT), and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH). These currents were much larger in intercalated cells compared with principal cells of the CCD and were also larger in the TALH and in the CNT compared with the CCD. The conductance had no strong voltage dependence, and steady-state currents were similar in inward and outward directions with similar Cl− concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Current transients were observed, particularly at low Cl− conc

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12

Yoshii, K., L. E. Moore, and B. N. Christensen. "Effect of subthreshold voltage-dependent conductances on the transfer function of branched excitable cells and the conduction of synaptic potentials." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 3 (1988): 706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.3.706.

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1. Impulse response functions were determined from complex point impedance and transfer functions from cultured NG-108 cells to simulate the propagation of a synaptic potential in response to the release of transmitter. In general, the flow of synaptic current has a much shorter duration than the normal membrane time constant, thereby making the use of impulse response functions useful approximations to synaptic events. 2. The resonance observed during the activation of the potassium conductance was reflected in the impulse response function as a pronounced damped oscillation. A comparison of

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13

Golowasch, Jorge, Mark S. Goldman, L. F. Abbott, and Eve Marder. "Failure of Averaging in the Construction of a Conductance-Based Neuron Model." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 2 (2002): 1129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00412.2001.

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Parameters for models of biological systems are often obtained by averaging over experimental results from a number of different preparations. To explore the validity of this procedure, we studied the behavior of a conductance-based model neuron with five voltage-dependent conductances. We randomly varied the maximal conductance of each of the active currents in the model and identified sets of maximal conductances that generate bursting neurons that fire a single action potential at the peak of a slow membrane potential depolarization. A model constructed using the means of the maximal conduc

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14

Krieger, C., and T. A. Sears. "The development of voltege-dependent ionic conductances In murine spinal cord neurones in culture." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 10 (1988): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-217.

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The development of voltage-dependent ionic conductances of foetal mouse spinal cord neurones was examined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on neurones cultured from embryos aged 10–12 days (E10–E12) which were studied between the first day in vitro (V1) to V10. A delayed rectifier potassium conductance (IK) and a leak conductance were observed in neurones of E10.V1, E11, V1, and E12, V1 as well as in neurones cultured for longer periods. A rapidly activating and inactivating potassium conductance (IA) was seen in neurones from E11, V2 and E12, V1 and at longer times in vitro. A tetro

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15

Cao, Xiao-Jie, and Donata Oertel. "Temperature Affects Voltage-Sensitive Conductances Differentially in Octopus Cells of the Mammalian Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01049.2004.

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Temperature is an important physiological variable the influence of which on macroscopic electrophysiological measurements in slices is not well documented. We show that each of three voltage-sensitive conductances of octopus cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) is affected differently by changes in temperature. As expected, the kinetics of the currents were faster at higher than at lower temperature. Where they could be measured, time constants of activation, deactivation, and inactivation had Q10 values between 1.8 and 4.6. The magnitude of the peak conductances was differen

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16

Taylor, Adam L., Timothy J. Hickey, Astrid A. Prinz, and Eve Marder. "Structure and Visualization of High-Dimensional Conductance Spaces." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 2 (2006): 891–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00367.2006.

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Neurons, and realistic models of neurons, typically express several different types of voltage-gated conductances. These conductances are subject to continual regulation. Therefore it is essential to understand how changes in the conductances of a neuron affect its intrinsic properties, such as burst period or delay to firing after inhibition of a particular duration and magnitude. Even in model neurons, it can be difficult to visualize how the intrinsic properties vary as a function of their underlying maximal conductances. We used a technique, called clutter-based dimension reordering (CBDR)

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17

Golowasch, Jorge, Amitabha Bose, Yinzheng Guan, Dalia Salloum, Andrea Roeser, and Farzan Nadim. "A balance of outward and linear inward ionic currents is required for generation of slow-wave oscillations." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 2 (2017): 1092–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00240.2017.

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Pacemaker neuron-generated rhythmic activity requires the activation of at least one inward and one outward current. We have previously shown that the inward current can be a linear current (with negative conductance). Using this simple mechanism, here we demonstrate that the inward current conductance must be in relative balance with the outward current conductances to generate oscillatory activity. Surprisingly, an excess of outward conductances completely precludes the possibility of achieving such a balance.

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18

Butt, A. G., W. L. Clapp, and R. A. Frizzell. "Potassium conductances in tracheal epithelium activated by secretion and cell swelling." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 258, no. 4 (1990): C630—C638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.4.c630.

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Increased basolateral membrane K conductance accompanies stimulation of Cl secretion across canine trachea. To assess the K conductance properties, we permeabilized the apical membranes with amphotericin B and monitored the current and conductance caused by K flow across the basolateral membranes. Under basal unstimulated conditions, two K conductances could be distinguished by blockers. One was inhibited only by barium; the other was sensitive also to quinidine and lidocaine. The permeabilities of the basal conductance pathways to K and Rb were similar (PK/PRb approximately equal to 1.5). The

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19

Endo, Toshiaki, and Ole Kiehn. "Asymmetric Operation of the Locomotor Central Pattern Generator in the Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 6 (2008): 3043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90729.2008.

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The rhythmic voltage oscillations in motor neurons (MNs) during locomotor movements reflect the operation of the pre-MN central pattern generator (CPG) network. Recordings from MNs can thus be used as a method to deduct the organization of CPGs. Here, we use continuous conductance measurements and decomposition methods to quantitatively assess the weighting and phase tuning of synaptic inputs to different flexor and extensor MNs during locomotor-like activity in the isolated neonatal mice lumbar spinal cord preparation. Whole cell recordings were obtained from 22 flexor and 18 extensor MNs in

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20

Sceniak, Michael P., and Shasta L. Sabo. "Modulation of Firing Rate by Background Synaptic Noise Statistics in Rat Visual Cortical Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00023.2010.

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It has been shown previously that background synaptic noise modulates the response gain of neocortical neurons. However, the role of the statistical properties of the noise in modulating firing rate is not known. Here, the dependence of firing rate on the statistical properties of the excitatory to inhibitory balance (EI) in cortical pyramidal neurons was studied. Excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synaptic conductances were simulated as two stochastic processes and injected into individual neurons in vitro through use of the dynamic-clamp system. Response gain was significantly

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21

Tarran, R., M. A. Gray, M. J. Evans, W. H. Colledge, R. Ratcliff, and B. E. Argent. "Basal chloride currents in murine airway epithelial cells: modulation by CFTR." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 4 (1998): C904—C913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.4.c904.

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We have isolated ciliated respiratory cells from the nasal epithelium of wild-type and cystic fibrosis (CF) null mice and used the patch-clamp technique to investigate their basal conductances. Current-clamp experiments on unstimulated cells indicated the presence of K+ and Cl− conductances and, under certain conditions, a small Na+conductance. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed three distinct Cl− conductances. I tv-indep was time and voltage independent with a linear current-voltage ( I- V) plot; I v-actexhibited activation at potentials greater than ±50 mV, giving an S-shaped I- Vplot; and I

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22

Horisberger, J. D., and G. Giebisch. "Intracellular Na+ and K+ activities and membrane conductances in the collecting tubule of Amphiuma." Journal of General Physiology 92, no. 5 (1988): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.5.643.

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Membrane potentials and conductances, and intracellular ionic activities were studied in isolated perfused collecting tubules of K+-adapted Amphiuma. Intracellular Na+ (aNai) and K+ (aKi) activities were measured, using liquid ion-exchanger double-barreled microelectrodes. Apical and basolateral membrane conductances were estimated by cable analysis. The effects of inhibition of the apical conductance by amiloride (10(-5) M) and of inhibition of the basolateral Na-K pump by either a low K+ (0.1 mM) bath or by ouabain (10(-4) M) were studied. Under control conditions, aNai was 8.4 +/- 1.9 mM an

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23

Britton, Oliver J., and Blanca Rodriguez. "A population of in silico models identifies the interplay between Nav 1.8 conductance and potassium currents as key in regulating human dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability." F1000Research 11 (January 27, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74551.1.

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Background: The Nav 1.8 sodium channel has a key role in generating repetitive action potentials in nociceptive human dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nav 1.8 is differentiated from other voltage-gated sodium channels by its unusually slow inactivation kinetics and depolarised voltage-dependence of activation. These features are particularly pronounced in the human Nav 1.8 channel and allow the channel to remain active during repolarisation. Gain-of-function mutations in Nav 1.8 have been linked to neuropathic pain and selective blockers of Nav 1.8 have been developed as potential new analgesics.

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24

Idoux, Erwin, Daniel Eugène, Antoine Chambaz, Christophe Magnani, John A. White, and Lee E. Moore. "Control of Neuronal Persistent Activity by Voltage-Dependent Dendritic Properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 3 (2008): 1278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90559.2008.

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Neural integrators and working memory rely on persistent activity, a widespread neural phenomenon potentially involving persistent sodium conductances. Using a unique combination of voltage-clamp, dynamic-clamp, and frequency-domain techniques, we have investigated the role of voltage-dependent conductances on the dendritic electrotonic structure of neurons of the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN), which is known to be involved in oculomotor integration. The PHN contains two main neuronal populations: type B neurons with a double afterhyperpolarization and type D neurons, which not only are

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25

Munger, Philip H., James M. Chandler, and J. Tom Cothren. "Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)." Weed Science 35, no. 1 (1987): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026722.

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly wit

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26

Adams, P. R., S. W. Jones, P. Pennefather, D. A. Brown, C. Koch, and B. Lancaster. "Slow synaptic transmission in frog sympathetic ganglia." Journal of Experimental Biology 124, no. 1 (1986): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.124.1.259.

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Bullfrog ganglia contain two classes of neurone, B and C cells, which receive different inputs and exhibit different slow synaptic potentials. B cells, to which most effort has been directed, possess slow and late slow EPSPs. The sEPSP reflects a muscarinic action of acetylcholine released from boutons on B cells, whereas the late sEPSP is caused by a peptide (similar to teleost LHRH) released from boutons on C cells. During either sEPSP there is a selective reduction in two slow potassium conductances, designated ‘M’ and ‘AHP’. The M conductance is voltage dependent and the AHP conductance is

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27

Moore, L. K., and J. M. Burt. "Gap junction function in vascular smooth muscle: influence of serotonin." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 4 (1995): H1481—H1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.4.h1481.

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In this study we examined the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the function of gap junctions between smooth muscle cells isolated from human and pig coronary and rat mesentery arteries and between A7r5 cells (cell line derived from embryonic rat aorta). Mesentery and pig coronary cells expressed connexin (Cx) 43, and human coronary cells expressed Cx40. Mesentery and pig coronary cells each exhibited a single gap junction channel population with unitary conductances of 75 and 59 pS, respectively. Human coronary cells exhibited two channel populations with unitary conductance

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28

Skryma, R., N. Prevarskaya, P. Vacher, and B. Dufy. "Voltage-dependent ionic conductances in Chinese hamster ovary cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 2 (1994): C544—C553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.2.c544.

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Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are becoming a widely used biological material. A number of studies report membrane ion conductance changes after transfection of channels and receptors, but there are few data available on the properties of membrane ion conductances of CHO cells before transfection. In this work we studied voltage-dependent ionic conductances in cultures of CHO native (CHO-K1) cells. Three types of voltage-dependent ionic conductances were identified: 1) a K+ conductance showing sensitivity to Ca2+ and a unit conductance of approximately 210 pS in symmetrical 150 mM K+ outsid

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29

Helman, S. I., and X. Liu. "Substrate-dependent expression of Na+ transport and shunt conductance in A6 epithelia." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 2 (1997): C434—C441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.2.c434.

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A6 epithelia grown in tissue culture vary enormously in their baseline rates of Na+ transport due to differences in growth media, serum, and other unknown factors. To evaluate the effect(s) of substrates on expression of Na+ transport, we determined short-circuit currents, open-circuit voltages, and electrical resistances of mature confluent A6 epithelia grown on a variety of commercially available permeable supports. Because the cells, growth conditions, and all other factors were the same, differences in transport could be attributed alone to the substrate on which the cells were grown. Tiss

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Yang, Yang, Timothy Adowski, Bina Ramamurthy, Andreas Neef, and Matthew A. Xu-Friedman. "High-speed dynamic-clamp interface." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00543.2014.

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The dynamic-clamp technique is highly useful for mimicking synaptic or voltage-gated conductances. However, its use remains rare in part because there are few systems, and they can be expensive and difficult for less-experienced programmers to implement. Furthermore, some conductances (such as sodium channels) can be quite rapid or may have complex voltage sensitivity, so high speeds are necessary. To address these issues, we have developed a new interface that uses a common personal computer platform with National Instruments data acquisition and WaveMetrics IGOR to provide a simple user inte

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Kullmann, Paul H. M., Diek W. Wheeler, Joshua Beacom, and John P. Horn. "Implementation of a Fast 16-Bit Dynamic Clamp Using LabVIEW-RT." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 1 (2004): 542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00559.2003.

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The dynamic-clamp method provides a powerful electrophysiological tool for creating virtual ionic conductances in living cells and studying their influence on membrane potential. Here we describe G-clamp, a new way to implement a dynamic clamp using the real-time version of the Lab-VIEW programming environment together with a Windows host, an embedded microprocessor that runs a real-time operating system and a multifunction data-acquisition board. The software includes descriptions of a fast voltage-dependent sodium conductance, delayed rectifier, M-type and A-type potassium conductances, and

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Davies, J. A., and M. Lester. "The relationship between electric fields, conductances and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere: a statistical study using EISCAT data." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 1 (1999): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0043-3.

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Abstract. The relationship between electric fields, height-integrated conductivities and electric currents in the high-latitude nightside electrojet region is known to be complex. The tristatic nature of the EISCAT UHF radar facility provides an excellent means of exploring this interrelationship as it enables simultaneous estimates to be made of the full electric field vector and the ionospheric Hall and Pedersen conductances, further allowing the determination of both field-perpendicular electric current components. Over 1300 h of common programme observations by the UHF radar system provide

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33

Maltenfort, Mitchell G., Carrie A. Phillips, Martha L. McCurdy, and Thomas M. Hamm. "Determination of the Location and Magnitude of Synaptic Conductance Changes in Spinal Motoneurons by Impedance Measurements." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1400–1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00873.2003.

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The relation between impedance change and the location and magnitude of a tonic synaptic conductance was examined in compartmental motoneuron models based on previously published data. The dependency of motoneuron impedance on system time constant (τ), electrotonic length (L), and dendritic-to-somatic conductance ratio (ρ) was examined, showing that the relation between impedance phase and ρ differed markedly between models with uniform and nonuniform membrane resistivity. Dendritic synaptic conductances decreased impedance magnitude at low frequencies; at higher frequencies, impedance magnitu

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Cardozo, David L. "A model for understanding membrane potential using springs." Advances in Physiology Education 29, no. 4 (2005): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00067.2004.

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In this report, I present a simple model using springs to conceptualize the relationship between ionic conductances across a cellular membrane and their effect on membrane potential. The equation describing the relationships linking membrane potential, ionic equilibrium potential, and ionic conductance is of similar form to that describing the force generated by a spring as a function of its displacement. The spring analogy is especially useful in helping students to conceptualize the effects of multiple conductances on membrane potential.

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Haldar, Purushottam, and Bijan Das. "Electrical Conductances of Tetrabutylammonium Bromide, Sodium Tetraphenylborate and Sodium Bromide in 2-Ethoxyethanol in the Temperature Range 35–50°C." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 218, no. 5 (2004): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.218.5.599.30503.

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AbstractThe electrical conductances of the solutions of tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaPh4B) and sodium bromide (NaBr) in 2-ethoxyethanol have been reported at 35, 40, 45 and 50°C. The conductance data have been analyzed by the 1978 Fuoss conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ0), the association constant (KΛ) and the association diameter (R). The ionic contributions to the limiting molar conductances (Λ0) have been estimated using the “reference electrolyte” tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NPh4B). Appreciable

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Machin, J., J. Smith, and G. Lampert. "EVIDENCE FOR HYDRATION-DEPENDENT CLOSING OF PORE STRUCTURES IN THE CUTICLE OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA." Journal of Experimental Biology 192, no. 1 (1994): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.192.1.83.

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Integumental electrical resistances were measured on the antenna, pronotum, forewing, second abdominal tergite, fifth abdominal sternite and the femur of the third leg in restrained male and female Periplaneta americana. The same measurements, excepting those on antenna and wing, were made on last-instar nymphs. Electrical contact was made through two externally applied glass tubes filled with cockroach Ringer with a combined contact area of about 2 mm2. Resistances corresponding to current flows through two thicknesses of integument were measured using a current-clamping amplifier. Calculated

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Gill, Dip Singh, and Dilbag Rana. "Preparation of Some Novel Copper(I) Complexes and their Molar Conductances in Organic Solvents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 64, no. 3-4 (2009): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2009-3-416.

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Abstract Attempts have been made to prepare some novel copper(I) nitrate, sulfate, and perchlorate complexes. Molar conductances of these complexes have been measured in organic solvents like acetonitrile (AN), acetone (AC), methanol (MeOH), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,Ndimethylacetamide (DMA), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 298 K. The molar conductance data have been analyzed to obtain limiting molar conductances (λ0) and ion association constants (KA) of the electrolytes. The results showed that all these complexes are strong electrolytes in all organic solvents. The limiting ionic molar

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38

Soybel, D. I., S. W. Ashley, and L. Y. Cheung. "Basolateral K+ conductances in surface epithelium of Necturus antrum: effects of Ca2+ and divalent cations." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262, no. 4 (1992): G651—G659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.4.g651.

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Intracellular microelectrode techniques were used to characterize basolateral membrane K+ conductances in isolated Necturus antral mucosa. Exposure of tissues to progressively higher levels of serosal K+ (4, 20, 40, or 60 mM) resulted in progressively greater depolarizations of basolateral membrane potentials and decreases in membrane resistance, consistent with the presence of a significant K+ conductance. Ba2+ (2 mM) partially blocks these conductances. Exposure of tissues to increased levels of serosal Ca2+ (from 1.8 to 6.8 mM) elicited significant hyperpolarization of basolateral potential

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Syal, Vijay K., Suvarcha Chauhan, Alok Katoch, and Mohinder S. Chauhan. "Conductance studies of some 1:1 electrolytes in acetone + dimethylsulphoxide mixtures at 25 °C." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 9 (1991): 1803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911803.

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Precise molar conductances of Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NI, Bu4NNO3, AgNO3, LiNO3, NaBPh4 and KI have been measured in acetone (Ac), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and Ac + DMSO mixtures over the whole solvent composition range at 25°C. The conductance data has been analysed by computer using Shedlovsky conductance equation. Limiting ionic conductances have been calculated by using Gill’s model. Evaluation of solvated radii of Li+, Na+, K+ and Ag+ ions in Ac + DMSO mixtures shows strong preferential solvation for Li+ ion by DMSO. Na+ and Ag+ ions are found to be preferentially solvated by DMSO in Ac-rich region

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40

Ismael, Ali K., and Colin J. Lambert. "Single-molecule conductance oscillations in alkane rings." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 22 (2019): 6578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05565c.

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Takahashi, Masaaki, and Kiyohisa Natsume. "Automatic Estimation of the Dynamics of Channel Conductance Using a Recurrent Neural Network." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2009 (November 20, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/724092.

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In order to simulate neuronal electrical activities, we must estimate the dynamics of channel conductances from physiological experimental data. However, this approach requires the formulation of differential equations that express the time course of channel conductance. On the other hand, if the dynamics are automatically estimated, neuronal activities can be easily simulated. By using a recurrent neural network (RNN), it is possible to estimate the dynamics of channel conductances without formulating the differential equations. In the present study, we estimated the dynamics of the Na+ and K

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Cheng, C. Y., and C. K. Chen. "Efficiency Optimizations of an Irreversible Brayton Heat Engine." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 2 (1998): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795025.

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A steady-flow approach for finite-time thermodynamics is used to calculate the maximum thermal efficiency, its corresponding power output, adiabatic temperature ratio, and thermal-conductance ratio of heat transfer equipment of a closed Brayton heat engine. The physical model considers three types of irreversibilities: finite thermal conductance between the working fluid and the reservoirs, heat leaks between the reservoirs, and internal irreversibility inside the closed Brayton heat engine. The effects of heat leaks, hot-cold reservoir temperature ratios, turbine and compressor isentropic eff

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Merlin, Didier, Lianwei Jiang, Gregg R. Strohmeier, et al. "Distinct Ca2+- and cAMP-dependent anion conductances in the apical membrane of polarized T84 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): C484—C495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c484.

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Monolayers of the human colonic epithelial cell line T84 exhibit electrogenic Cl− secretion in response to the Ca2+ agonist thapsigargin and to the cAMP agonist forskolin. To evaluate directly the regulation of apical Cl−conductance by these two agonists, we have utilized amphotericin B to permeabilize selectively the basolateral membranes of T84 cell monolayers. We find that apical anion conductance is stimulated by both forskolin and thapsigargin but that these conductances are differentially sensitive to the anion channel blocker DIDS. DIDS inhibits thapsigargin-stimulated responses complet

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Sellin, J. H., A. Hall, E. J. Cragoe, and W. P. Dubinsky. "Characterization of an apical sodium conductance in rabbit cecum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 1 (1993): G13—G21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.1.g13.

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Rabbit cecum in vitro exhibits electrogenic Na+ absorption not blocked by amiloride but inhibited by the amiloride analogue phenamil, suggesting transport mediated by modified Na+ channels in the apical membrane. To further characterize the mechanism(s) of Na+ absorption, microelectrode impalements of single epithelial cells were performed to measure intracellular potential difference (psi mc) and fractional resistance of the apical membrane, to characterize ionic conductances of the apical and basolateral membranes, and to determine the response to phenamil. The electrical potential profile o

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Rathour, Rahul Kumar, and Rishikesh Narayanan. "Influence fields: a quantitative framework for representation and analysis of active dendrites." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 9 (2012): 2313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00846.2011.

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Neuronal dendrites express numerous voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), typically with spatial gradients in their densities and properties. Dendritic VGICs, their gradients, and their plasticity endow neurons with information processing capabilities that are higher than those of neurons with passive dendrites. Despite this, frameworks that incorporate dendritic VGICs and their plasticity into neurophysiological and learning theory models have been far and few. Here, we develop a generalized quantitative framework to analyze the extent of influence of a spatially localized VGIC conductance on d

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Verheijck, E. Etienne, Ronald Wilders, Ronald W. Joyner, et al. "Pacemaker Synchronization of Electrically Coupled Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Cells." Journal of General Physiology 111, no. 1 (1998): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.111.1.95.

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The effects of intercellular coupling conductance on the activity of two electrically coupled isolated rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells were investigated. A computer-controlled version of the “coupling clamp” technique was used in which isolated sinoatrial nodal cells, not physically in contact with each other, were electrically coupled at various values of ohmic coupling conductance, mimicking the effects of mutual interaction by electrical coupling through gap junctional channels. We demonstrate the existence of four types of electrical behavior of coupled spontaneously active cells. As the cou

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Bal, Ramazan, and Donata Oertel. "Potassium Currents in Octopus Cells of the Mammalian Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 5 (2001): 2299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2299.

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Octopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) of mammals are biophysically specialized to detect coincident firing in the population of auditory nerve fibers that provide their synaptic input and to convey its occurrence with temporal precision. The precision in the timing of action potentials depends on the low input resistance (∼6 MΩ) of octopus cells at the resting potential that makes voltage changes rapid (τ ∼ 200 μs). It is the activation of voltage-dependent conductances that endows octopus cells with low input resistances and prevents repetitive firing in response to depo

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Prinz, Astrid A., and Peter Fromherz. "Effect of Neuritic Cables on Conductance Estimates for Remote Electrical Synapses." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (2003): 2215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00956.2002.

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The conductance of electrical synapses is usually estimated from voltage recordings at the neuronal somata under the assumption that each cell is isopotential. This approach neglects effects of intervening neurites. For a cell pair with unbranched neurites and an electrical synapse at their ends, we used cable theory to derive an analytical expression that relates the synaptic conductance to voltage recordings at the cell bodies and to the neurite properties. The equation implies that the conventional method significantly underestimates the actual synapse conductance if the neurite length is c

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Kaka, Kosrat N., Anis A. Al-Najar, and Wali M. Hamad. "The Audio Frequency Conductance Study of Some Metal Succinate Salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures (Part I: Magnesium, Manganese (II), Barium and Copper Succinates)." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/858374.

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The audio electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of magnesium, manganese II, barium, and copper succinates have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 298.15 K to 313.15 K, using an audio frequency conductance bridge. The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimisation technique using the theoretical equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts (P) and Fuoss-Hsia (F-H), each a three-parameter equation, association constant (KA), molar conductance (Λm), and distance parameter (a). Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as “strong”

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Antar, Mohamed A., and Syed M. Zubair. "Thermoeconomic Considerations in the Optimum Allocation of Heat Transfer Inventory for Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 1 (2002): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1446070.

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Thermoeconomics is defined as attaching monetary values to heat exchanger conductances of a given plant. In this study, optimum allocation of heat transfer inventory for heat exchangers in a refrigeration system with specified power input or cooling capacity, and for a heat pump with specified heating capacity is investigated. The ratio of hot- to cold-end conductance unit cost ratio, G, was considered in the analysis as an additional parameter of considerable importance to the designer. A closed-form expression is given in terms of unit cost of conductances of both the heat exchangers. The re

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