Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conduction ionique – Effets de la température'
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Conflant, Pierre. "Corrélations propriétés-structure dans des conducteurs par ions oxygène dérivés de l'oxyde de bismuth." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10064.
Full textXu, Xinglong. "Contribution à l'étude des effets d'irradiation induits dans les polymères par des faisceaux d'ions." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19032.
Full textFasquelle, Didier. "Développement de méthodes de caractérisations à larges gammes de fréquences et de températures : application à des matériaux : verres ioniques, diélectriques et ferroélectriques." Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0099.
Full textGrasset, Frédéric. "Augmentation de la température de fonctionnement d'une pile à combustible par synthèse de nouveaux matériaux conducteurs protoniques." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20025.
Full textMassengo, Joe͏̈l. "Effets des rayonnements [gamma] sur les propriétés de transport électrique dans les polymères électroactifs implantés." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0026.
Full textHussain, Raza. "Caractérisation multi-niveau de protéines laitières : influence de l'environnement ionique et de la température." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0100/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this work was to investigate the mechanisms of protein-salt interactions and linkage between milk proteins powders and milk proteins dispersions (5% w/v) mainly NMC and WPI under various ranges of ionic environments (distilled water, NaCl solution and CaCl2 solution. In the first phase, we investigated the influence of the ionic environments on milk proteins powders rehydration profiles. The second phase of this study includes the characterization of milk proteins dispersions in an aqueous ionic environment regarding changes in the protein: secondary structure (ß-sheet, alpha-helix, ß-turns and unordered structures), size, morphological features and surface hydrophobicity by using FTIR, TEM, and DLS with other complimentary techniques. In the last part, the functionality of whey proteins was studied by the combined effect of heat and different ratios of salts. For this purpose, the study was exclusively focalized in an aqueous ionic medium composed of NaCl (0.75-3%) at different temperatures (30-90°C). The results obtained from the first part showed two distinct rehydration behaviors depending on the salts type and concentration. For the NMC dispersions under salt increase, spherical micelles with an average size around 150 nm disintegrated in sub-micelles around 20-30 nm and more or less aggregated were observed by DLS and TEM. WPI dispersions in water were composed of well separated proteins by a spherical shape with two populations around 6 and 70 nm. Salt increase resulted in an aggregation of the proteins and the formation of denser aggregates. Moreover, a combined salt/heat resulted showed a stabilizing effect on the secondary structural elements of both Amide I and III bands and higher denaturation temperatures observed by FTIR and µDSC respectively. A size and morphological investigation showed a transition from spherical/compact protein aggregates to linear ones. Finally, this work demonstrated that whey protein functional properties depend on both salt and how heat treatment is applied
Khodjaoui, Abdelkarim. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés diélectriques et optiques de matériaux pour l'optique non linéaire." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10167.
Full textRahmoune, Mohammed. "Etude de films minces de fer déposés sur l'arseniure de gallium ; rôle de l'interface ; effets de la température et du mélange ionique." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2304.
Full textFau, Pierre. "Oxydes de manganèse semi-conducteurs et thermistances à coéfficient de température négatif (C. T. N. ) en couches minces élaborées par pulvérisation cathodique de cibles céramiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30088.
Full textFlandre, Xavier. "Nouvelles électrodes pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide et électrolyseur à haute température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10182/document.
Full textIn the current context, fossil energy resources decrease and become more expensive, in addition to environmental concern. In this frame, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are a promising green alternative energy source. Reversibly used, this system can also allow storage of electricity produced intermittently through the electrolysis of water. However, several bottlenecks still remain in terms of performances and stability of materials currently used to improve their lifetime and decrease their working temperature. In this doctoral thesis, our contribution focused on two cathode materials for SOFCs, Ba2Co9O14 and Ca3Co4O9+δ, and compounds derived from La4Ti2O10 which may be relevant as anode material. Our study mainly focused on the understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms involved in these materials by using impedance spectroscopy. For cobaltites, this study has led to the identification of the limiting parameters and will help the future optimization of complete stacks with better performances. For the La4Ti2O10 derived phases with the cuspidine structure, a neutron scattering study confirmed the oxygen diffusion mechanisms in these materials. However, their conductivity and catalytic properties remain insufficient to hope to use these compounds as SOFC’s anode, unlike other lanthanum titanates which display a layered perovskite structure
Darviche, Fatémeh. "Synthèse de tétrathiafulvalènes "dissymétriques" par la "voie aux phosphonates" : mécanisme et applications." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20123.
Full textAllart, Alexandre. "Etude des propriétés physiques et dynamiques d’électrolytes mésogènes photosensibles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10127/document.
Full textSolid organic electrolytes are of major scientific interest from fundamental standpoint and they have numerous potential technological applications, such as high-capacity rechargeable batteries, fuel cells or sensors. One way to obtain these materials is to dissolve alkali salts into media based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivatives. Recently, it has been demonstrated that some geometric factors of these (macro)molecules, such as proximity of polar and non-polar elements, PEO chain length or partial ordering of the PEO segments, can improve the ionic conductivity. Based on these observations, photosensitive mesogenic compounds bearing PEO chains were doped with lithium salts. The physical characteristics of these hybrid materials have been investigated by optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In particular, the ionic conductivity has been studied for two different anchoring conditions, i.e., planar and homeotropic. It is shown that the anisotropy of the liquid crystalline phase influences the ionic conductivity of the sample and thus the charge motion. Planar anchoring conditions provided the highest ionic conductivity. Then, the impact of UV irradiation on the molecular order has been investigated. Upon UV light, a Trans-Cis isomerisation mechanism of the azobenzene moieties present in the chore of the molecules takes places inducing the transformation of stick-like shape molecules (nematic phase) to chevron-like shape molecules (isotropic state). This phenomenon strongly affects the ionic conductivity evidencing the major role of the anisotropy on the conduction process. In order to investigate the dynamic properties of these systems under illumination a current/voltage study has also been carried out showing the potential use of these photosensitive mesogenic electrolytes as sensors. Finally, the LC phase has been stabilized by using a polymerization mechanism of photosensitive mesogenic monomers. It is interesting to point out that the fabricated gel exhibits enhanced electrical properties compared to that of the non-stabilized LC phase
Wintrebert, Fouquet Marie. "Analyse en fonction de la température du courant d'obscurité et du bruit électrique des diodes GaAlAs/GaAs à multipuits quantiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20105.
Full textZhang, Chao. "Etude de la perméation de gaz et de la conductivité ionique des revêtements de zircone stabilisée à l'yttrium réalisés par projection plasma pour piles à combustible à oxyde solide." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2006.
Full textFuel cells have been widely investigated as an environmentally-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels. By oxidizing hydrogen, the only direct by-product of their energy generation is water, which means they could significantly reduce pollution and man-made greenhouse gases. SOFC (Solid oxide fuel cell) is one promising type of the fuel cell, which can eliminate corrosion or leakage problems common to the other liquid electrolyte fuel cells. SOFC operating temperatures are typically in the range of 800-1000°C, which leads to several advantages, such as internal reforming, the use of carbon monoxide as a fuel, the possibility of realizing combined heat and power plant solutions. At present, the commercialization efforts on SOFC systems are oriented to the cost reduction effort, in order to compete more effectively with other traditional power generating methods. In such a context, electrolyte deposition attracts particular attention. Plasma spraying process is a promising technique, providing such advantages as high deposition rate and easy masking for deposition of patterned structures, compared with other film formation processes. The objective of this work is thus to optimize the plasma-sprayed electrolyte coating and investigate the coating electrical and gas-tight performance as well as the finally tubular SOFC fabrication and performance test. With regard to this aim, four following aspects of work have been carried out. Firstly the optimization of spraying parameters and coating microstructure was done via measuring in-flight particle features. Secondly, the ionic conductivity of YSZ coatings was measured and the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of YSZ coatings was discussed. In this part, the modification of microstructure and ionic conductivity of plasma-sprayed coatings by microwave sintering was also investigated. Thirdly, the gas tightness of YSZ coatings wa evaluated via measuring coating gas permeability and the gas permeation behavior through YSZ coatings was examined based on the gas permeation theory in porous materials. Finally, the tubular Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM (La0. 8Sr0. 2MnO3) solid oxide fuel cells are fabricated by the integrated thermal spray process and the output circuit voltage and power density of the cells are performed
Masroor, Waliullah. "Coping with salinity and temperature changes : a focus on the gill response in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG008/document.
Full textThe European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax undertakes seasonal migrations to estuaries and lagoons that are characterized by fluctuations in environmental conditions. It is unclear to what extent salinity acclimation mechanisms are affected at temperatures higher than in the sea, as usually encountered in transitional waters in spring and summer. In this study, juvenile sea bass were pre-acclimated to seawater (SW) at 18 °C (temperate) or 24 °C (warm) for two weeks and then transferred to either fresh water (FW) or SW at the considered temperatures. We have shown that sea bass are able to efficiently maintain blood osmolality at 24 °C at both salinities. However, temperature increase induced significant changes regarding several physiological traits related to osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, ammonia excretion and mucus production. This study showed that thermal acclimation at 24 °C affects gill morphology through gill remodeling and whole-organism ion balance. Plasma Na+ levels seemed to be particularly affected leading to decreased plasma Na+/Cl- ratio in warm conditions, suggesting a blood acidosis. Following FW transfer, the major effects observed were a lower increase in the density of branchial ionocytes and in Na+/K+-ATPase activity at 24 °C compared to 18 °C. Moreover, several key ion transporters involved in ion uptake were not transcriptionally induced following FW transfer at 24 °C. These data suggest a less effective capacity to switch from hypo-to hyper-osmoregulation after FW transfer when fish are exposed to higher temperature. At the molecular level, the temperature increase affected the expression of several branchial transporters, notably in SW. At 24 °C, higher expression of transporters linked to H+ transport might be linked to an acid-base imbalance. Moreover, the induction of ammonia-transporting channels might also indicate increased need for nitrogen excretion, potentially due to enhanced metabolism in warm conditions. Molecular chaperones HSP90 expression was strongly affected by temperature increase and to a lesser extent by salinity decrease. Finally, gill goblet cells analysis suggested that mucus production is increased in response to thermal stress. This study and additional functional studies investigating different temperature regimes provide insights on the effect of increased temperatures on fish responses and may help to predict how teleost will face the consequences of global change
Le, Foll Sébastien. "Modélisation du couplage conduction/rayonnement dans les systèmes de protection thermique soumis à de très hauts niveaux de températures." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0079/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis has been financed by AIRBUS Defence and Space. It is part of the development strategy of new Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) for atmospheric reentry purposes. The aim is to study the radiative transfer in the ablation zone of the TPS as well as the coupling of the radiative and conductive heat transfer in the low density fibrous matrix. To this end, radiative properties of the materials have to be evaluated since they are not well known. The first step of this study is therefore to characterize the optical and radiative properties of sample provided by AIRBUS Defence and Space and the CREE Stain-Gobain laboratory. Thus, an original identification method based on radiative emission measurement was developed to obtain the radiative properties. The needed emission spectra are measured on silica or carbon samples at high temperature with an experimental setup based on Fourrier Transformed InfraRed spectrometry. The samples are heated using a CO2 laser. An optical setup allows us to measure emission spectra on the sample or a black body used to calibrate the experiment. The identification process is based on the modeling of the radiative distribution factor computed by a Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. It uses Mie theory for infinite cylinder to compute the radiative properties. Temperature are also identified and, for silica, compared to the one measured by a Christiansen pyrometry technique. The last part of this study focuses on the coupled radiative/conductive heat transfer modeling in low density fibrous media. Samples being greatly absorbing, we used the Rosseland equivalent conductivity to model the radiative transfer in volume and obtain the thermal response of the samples in the conditions of the experimental setup used for the identification. For silica, predicted temperatures are superior to the identified ones or those measured with the Christiansen pyrometry technique. This is probably because the Rosseland equivalent conductivity makes no difference between extinction due to absorption and extinction due to scattering
Zarrou, Hanan. "Production d'hydrogène par oxydation partielle du méthane sur catalyseurs oxydes mixtes." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_403.pdf.
Full textWahbi, Mernissi Khalid. "Étude exploratoire du système AG-HG-S : Synthèse de l'imitérite AG::(2)HGS::(2) stabilité thermique, caractérisation électrique et optique." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10090.
Full textStefan, Claudia-Simona. "Etude de la sécurité des batteries lithium-ion et de leurs performances à chaud, par utilisation de liquides ioniques." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4039.
Full textThis work is dedicated to a series of ionic liquid (Pxy-TFSI), composed of a voluminous organic cation of pyrrolidinium type (Pxy+) substituted by 2 alkyl chains and of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide as anion (TFSI). Our aim is to investigate their potential use as electrolyte or electrolyte components in Li-ion batteries. Ionic liquids (IL) like (Pxy-TFSI) allow to considerably increase the safety of Lithium-ion accumulators without notable performance loss in terms of capacity or power. Pure ILs should be used as electrolyte in high temperature Li-ion batteries (50 to 150°C. As for mixtures consisting of an IL and a classic electrolyte (reference electrolyte) and composed of a mixture of alkylcarbonates and of a lithium salt (PC/EC/3DMC+LiPF6IM+VC1%), they could find applications in high capacity accumulator batteries in the electric vehicle field. Pure ILs have a negligible vapor pressure and a very high thermal stability, without mass loss under 300°C. They are not flammable and when they are mixed to flammable organic solvents (reference electrolyte), they make the electrolyte globally self-extinguishable when they represent 20 to 30% of the electrolyte mass content, non flammable when their content is above 30%. First, we studied transport properties of Pxy-TFSI such as ionic conductivity, dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficients of cations (Li+ and Pxy+). Obtained results show that these ionic liquids present a high viscosity and a relatively weak conductivity at ordinary temperature. However, these properties can be largely improved by raising the temperature (from 50 to 90°C). A modelization of viscosity and conductivity can be obtained by applying the VTF theory and Angell's fragility theory. As the latter theory argue, the Pxy-TFSI IL are fragile, which makes them usable in electrochemical applications at temperatures higher than the ambient temperature. The conductivity and the viscosity of mixtures containing 20 to 30% Pxy-TFSI are concerned, they do not differ much from those of the reference electrolyte under similar temperature conditions. The width of the electrochemical window of pure Pxy-TFSI is 5,84V vs Li+/Li, which is enough for the use of high potential positive electrodes like LiCoO2. The electrochemical window is even larger than that of the reference electrolyte. The fact that electrodes get soaked in pure IL or in a mixture of IL and reference electrolyte constitutes no obstacle to their practical use. But separators cannot get almost totally soaked unless using the Séparion separators made of PET matrix covered in Al2O3/SiO2 particles, instead of Celgard polyolefine separators. An electrolyte must also be able to dissolve generated gases (especially CO2) whilst the accumulator is working. The solutibility of CO2 is improved when Pxy-TFSI ILs are added. The Pxy-TFSI ILs used in half-accumulators with Li4Ti5O12 and LixCoO2 graphite electrodes present a good cyclability at 90°C. The best cycling results are obtained when the reference electrolyte is mixed with Pxy-TFSI containing 20 to 30% IL at ambiant temperature. Thus, the ILs can be used in high temperature Li-ion application as well as in high capacity batteries used under normal temperature conditions
Rival, Guilhem. "Vieillissement sous irradiation électronique du PolyEtherEtherKetone : optimisation des propriétés électriques pour applications en environnement spatial." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30073.
Full textThis thesis is part of a research concerning the behaviour of polymers in space environment. It has two goals: to study the ageing of PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) under electronic irradiation and to optimise its electrical properties in order to limit surface charge phenomena. For this purpose, PEEK/Short Carbon Fibre composites have been developed. The electrical percolation threshold of the fibres was determined at a volume content of 9 %. As space applications of PEEK require an electrical insulating behaviour, a filler content of 3 %vol was selected. The presence of the fibres improves electronic conductivity at room temperature, even below the electrical percolation threshold. Samples were then subjected to a high-energy electron beam to simulate their ageing in a space environment. Analysis of the irradiated samples revealed two simultaneous ageing phenomena: cross-linking of the amorphous phase and amorphisation of the crystalline phase. Irradiation near the glass transition (165 °C) leads to a higher cross-linking density due to a higher recombination rate of radicals. In composites, fibres limit amorphisation and stabilise the mechanical behaviour evolution. With regard to the electrical properties, ageing induces a decrease in ionic conductivity above Tg. In composites, this decrease is amplified. At room temperature, irradiation at 25 °C and at 165 °C leads to opposite evolutions in electronic transport which are associated with competition between cross-linking and amorphisation. In composites, fibres stabilize the evolution of potential relaxation and always allow a faster flow of electrons
Aubry, Raphaël. "Étude des aspects électrothermiques de la filière HEMT AlGaN/GaN pour application de puissance hyperfréquence." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6d4720ee-b249-4e1e-8872-4fa2c68170bf.
Full textBouteloup, Rémi. "Estimation de propriétés d'intérêt pour les électrolytes liquides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4016/document.
Full textLiquid electrolytes, composed of a salt dissolved in a solvent, are used in the composition of batteries and are the subject of numerous studies to improve their performance and safety. Of all the essential properties of an electrolyte, the most important is its ionic conductivity, which influences the battery's performance. For a given salt, the conductivity itself is mainly determined by the physico-chemical properties of the solvent such as its dielectric constant or its viscosity. The objective of this study is to develop models to estimate properties of interest of liquid electrolytes, in order to offer time savings to chemists, who will be able to eliminate inadequate compositions from the point of view of such or such property. The first part of this study presents a method to estimate the conductivity of an electrolyte, consisting of a LiPF6 salt in a solvent mixture. This method is based on new equations, to estimate the parameters of the Casteel-Amis equation, based on the physico-chemical properties of the solvent mixture, including the dielectric constant. The second part also presents a method to estimate the dielectric constant of a pure solvent, based on its chemical structure. This method is based on new additive models that estimate the parameters of the Kirkwood-Fröhlich equation. Two of these models estimate the density and refractive index of a liquid compound at room temperature. All the models developed can be used via a user interface
Morel, Pierre. "Le modèle « water bag » appliqué aux équations cinétiques des plasmas de Tokamak." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10153/document.
Full textA drift-kinetic model in cylindrical geometry has been used to study Ion Temperature Gradients (ITG). The cylindrical plasma is considered as a limit case of a stretched torus. The magnetic field is assumed uniform and constant; it is directed along the axis of the column. A discrete distribution function f taking the form of a multi-step like function is used in place of the continuous distribution function along the parallel velocity direction. With respect to the properties of the Heaviside?s distribution, the Vlasov equation is reduced to a system of fluids coupled by the electromagnetic fields. This model is well suited mainly for problems involving a phase space with one velocity component. In the case of magnetized plasmas it gives an alternative way to study turbulence thanks to the gyro-average whose allows reducing the 3D velocity space into a 1D space. Parameters introduced by the water bag formalism have been linked to physical quantities by an original method of moment-sense equivalence. In the linear approximation, the water bag study of the ITG instability allows an interesting comparison with some well-known analytical results. The water-bag concept is not affected by taking into account Finite Larmor Radius effects. It well describes the case of multi-species plasma
Berhaut, Christopher Logan. "Propriétés de transport des sels de lithium LiTDI et LiFSI : application à la formulation d'électrolytes optimisés pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4017/document.
Full textMost of the Li-ion batteries used in electrical devices contain a solution of LiPF6 in alkylcarbonate solvents with the risk of releasing PF5 at elevated temperatures and HF in the presence of water. Several salts are candidates for the replacement of LiPF6, including those based on fluorosulfonylamides and Hückel anions. This work concerns the study of physicochemical and transport properties of lithium 4,5-dicyano-2- (trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSI) based electrolytes and their use in Li-ion battery. First it was revealed that LiTDI is only weakly dissociated in alkylcarbonate mixtures used in Li-ion batteries such as EC/DMC limiting its conductivity. To overcome this disadvantage, a study of the solvation phenomena and of ionic association within the electrolytes was conducted. This study led to a ternary mixture of solvents (EC/GBL/MP) in which LiTDI is more dissociated. This new solvent mixture improves both the transport properties and the thermal stability of the LiTDI based electrolyte without compromising its chemical and electrochemical stability. Finally, the new LiTDI in EC/GBL/MP electrolyte was tested in NMC/graphite batteries under normal (C/10 rate and room temperature) and severe (10C rate and temperatures varying from - 20 ° C to 60 °C) operating conditions. The aluminium corrosion problem encountered by LiFSI based electrolytes was taken into account and a LiTDI/LiFSI salt mixture based electrolyte showing promising results was presented. The findings of this thesis show that LiTDI or LiFSI can be used as lithium salts in electrolytes for Li-ion batteries