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1
Kim, Hoyoung. "A Study of radiation conduction interaction /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487867541734229.
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Shah, Tejas Jagdish. "Online parameter estimation applied to mixed conduction/radiation." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2361.
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The conventional method of thermal modeling of space payloads is expensive and cumbersome. Radiation plays an important part in the thermal modeling of space payloads because of the presence of vacuum and deep space viewing. This induces strong nonlinearities into the thermal modeling process. There is a need for extensive correlation between the model and test data. This thesis presents Online Parameter Estimation as an approach to automate the thermal modeling process. The extended
Kalman fillter (EKF) is the most widely used parameter estimation algorithm for
nonlinear models. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a new and more accurate technique for parameter estimation. These parameter estimation techniques have been evaluated with respect to data from ground tests conducted on an experimental space payload.
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França, Francis Ramos. "Inverse thermal design combining radiation, convection and conduction /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Chu, Siu Kay. "Combined conduction and radiation heat transfer in porous media /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202006%20CHU.
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Weckmann, Stephanie. "Dynamic Electrothermal Model of a Sputtered Thermopile Thermal Radiation Detector for Earth Radiation Budget Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37014.
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The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) is a program sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aimed at evaluating the global energy balance. Current scanning radiometers used for CERES consist of thin-film thermistor bolometers viewing the Earth through a Cassegrain telescope.
The Thermal Radiation Group, a laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is currently studying a new sensor concept to replace the current bolometer: a thermopile thermal radiation detector. This next-generation detector would consist of a thermal sensor array made of thermocouple junction pairs, or thermopiles. The objective of the current research is to perform a thermal analysis of the thermopile. Numerical thermal models are particularly suited to solve problems for which temperature is the dominant mechanism of the operation of the device (through the thermoelectric effect), as well as for complex geometries composed of numerous different materials. Feasibility and design specifications are studied by developing a dynamic electrothermal model of the thermopile using the finite element method. A commercial finite element-modeling package, ALGOR, is used.Master of Science
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Chiloyan, Vazrik. "Bridging conduction and radiation : investigating thermal transport in nanoscale gaps." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97848.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-130).
Near field radiation transfer between objects separated by small gaps is a widely studied field in heat transfer and has become more important than ever. Many technologies such as heat assisted magnetic recording, aerogels, and composite materials with interfacial transport involve heat transfer between surfaces with separations in the nanometer length scales. At separations of only a few nanometers, the distinction between classical thermal conduction and thermal radiation become blurred. Contact thermal conduction is understood through the means of interfacial transport of phonons, whereas thermal radiation is understood by the exchange of heat through the electromagnetic field. Typically conductance values in the far field radiation regime are on the order of 5 W/m²K, whereas contact conductance is on the order of 108 W/m²K. While near field radiation experiments have reached separations down to on the order of 10 nm and measured 10⁴ W/m²K, there are still 4 orders of magnitude change that occurs over 10 nm of separation. However to this day, there does not exist a single unified formalism that is able to capture the relevant physics at finite gaps all the way down to the contact limit. The success of the continuum electromagnetic theory with a local dielectric constant has allowed accurate modeling of thermal transport for materials separated by tens of nanometers. The validity of this approach breaks down at the contact limit as the theory predicts diverging thermal conductance. The nonlocal dielectric constant formalism has successfully been applied to correct this error and predict transport at nanometer separations for metals and nanoparticles. However, success has been limited for deriving nonlocal dielectric constants for insulators as it is both theoretically and computationally more challenging and requires accurate atomic modeling to retrieve a valid continuum dielectric that reproduces the response of the system. In this work, the continuum approach is avoided and an approach is taken which more closely resembles the conduction picture, by performing atomistic modeling of the thermal transport between two semi-infinite media. The interatomic forces of both short-range chemical bonding forces and long ranged electromagnetic forces are included in an atomistic Green's function formalism in order to accurately calculate thermal transport at finite gaps down to the contact limit. With a single, unified formalism the bridge between conduction and radiation is finally achieved.
by Vazrik Chiloyan.
S.M.
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Albert, David J. "Numerically solving a transient heat conduction problem with convection and radiation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA268521.
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Rousse, Daniel R. "Numerical predictions of multidimensional conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer in participating media." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41760.
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An equal-order co-located Control Volume Finite Element Method (CVFEM) for the prediction of multidimensional combined conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer in emitting, absorbing, and isotropically scattering media has been formulated, implemented, and tested. The focus of this work is on a CVFEM for the prediction of multidimensional radiation heat transfer in participating media, and the amalgamation of this method with available CVFEMs, and their extensions, for conduction and convection heat transfer.In the proposed CVFEM, the calculation domain is divided into two-node linear, three-node triangular, and four-node tetrahedral finite elements in one, two, and three dimensions, respectively. Each element is further subdivided in such a way that upon assembly of all elements, complete control volumes are formed about each node in the calculation domain. To account for the directional nature of radiation heat transfer, a spherical envelope, surrounding each node in the calculation domain, is discretized into adjacent non-overlapping solid angles. Two different schemes for the interpolation of dependent variables in the approximation of the convective fluxes, across control-volume surfaces, are investigated. The intensity of radiation in any given direction is interpolated within each element using a scheme based on a particular solution of the one-dimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE). Appropriate conservation laws are imposed on the control volumes associated with the nodes. The resulting sets of integral conservation equations are then approximated by algebraic discretization equations, using the previously-mentioned interpolation functions. These nonlinear, coupled, algebraic equations are solved by a sequential solution procedure which incorporates Picard iterations.
The suggested method has been implemented into computer programs, and used to solve several test problems. These include convection-diffusion problems, radiation heat transfer problems, and combined conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer problems, in one, two, and three dimensions. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed CVFEM to accurately solve the mathematical model used in this thesis.
The proposed CVFEM has been applied successfully to radiation heat transfer in homogeneous gray media bounded by gray-diffuse walls. However, the gray and the above-mentioned isotropic conditions can be relaxed using a band model and anisotropic phase-functions. This is suggested as a possible extension of the CVFEM put forward in this thesis.
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Guynn, Jerome Hamilton. "Estimation of thermal properties in a medium with conduction and radiation heat transfer." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39292.
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The simultaneous estimation of multi-mode heat transfer properties, conductive and radiative, is investigated for materials that include significant heat transfer by radiation. The focus is on insulative type materials with a relatively large optical thickness. Two basic models were developed for the combined conduction and radiation heat transfer: a diffusion solution and a more exact absorbing and isotropically scattering solution. Both solutions were written for one-dimensional heat transfer in gray, isotropically scattering materials. Different experimental setups were compared through a sensitivity analysis of the parameters to determine the best experiment for estimating the properties.
An experiment was performed to collect real data to verify estimation procedures. The material used for the experiment was Styrofoam and the experiment consisted of a heat flux supplied by a thin film heater on one boundary and a constant temperature on the other boundary. The thermal capacitance of the heater proved to have an effect on the temperature measurements at the heated surface and had to be incorporated into the model.
The estimation procedure involved the use of two methods, the modified Box Kanemasu algorithm and a genetic algorithm. Difficulties were encountered in simultaneously estimating all the properties due to correlation between the thermal conductivity and the radiation parameters, as well as some correlation between the heat capacity of the Styrofoam and the heat capacity of the heater. However, the genetic algorithm did provide fairly narrow and well-defined property ranges and confirmed that radiation transfer was significant in the Styrofoam.Ph. D.
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Amaya, Jorge. "Unsteady coupled convection, conduction and radiation simulations on parallel architectures for combustion applications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0044/document.
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Dans l'industrie aéronautique, la génération d'énergie dépend presque exclusivement de la combustion d'hydrocarbures. La meilleure façon d'améliorer le rendement de ces systèmes et de contrôler leur impact environnemental, est d'optimiser le processus de combustion. Avec la croissance continue du de la puissance des calculateurs, la simulation des systèmes complexes est devenue abordable. Jusqu'à très récemment dans les applications industrielles le rayonnement des gaz et la conduction de chaleur dans les solides ont été négligés. Dans ce travail les outils nécessaires à la résolution couplée des trois modes de transfert de chaleur ont été développés et ont été utilisés pour l'étude d'une chambre de combustion d'hélicoptère. On montre que l'inclusion de tous les modes de transfert de chaleur peut influencer la distribution de température dans le domaine. Les outils numériques et la méthodologie de couplage développés ouvrent maintenant la voie à un bon nombre d'applications tant scientifiques que technologiquesIn the aeronautical industry, energy generation relies almost exclusively in the combustion of hydrocarbons. The best way to improve the efficiency of such systems, while controlling their environmental impact, is to optimize the combustion process. With the continuous rise of computational power, simulations of complex combustion systems have become feasible, but until recently in industrial applications radiation and heat conduction were neglected. In the present work the numerical tools necessary for the coupled resolution of the three heat transfer modes have been developed and applied to the study of an helicopter combustion chamber. It is shown that the inclusion of all heat transfer modes can influence the temperature repartition in the domain. The numerical tools and the coupling methodology developed are now opening the way to a good number of scientific and engineering applications
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Potter, Stephen Edward. "Modelling of three-dimensional transient conjugate convection-conduction-radiation heat transfer processes and turbulence in building spaces." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245440.
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Savransky, Max. "A study of transient heat conduction and thermal noise in an Earth radiation budget radiometer." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063658/.
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Gheblawi, Ezzeddin. "An investigation of the heat transfer by conduction and radiation between hot glass and tool moulding." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2006. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3227/.
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This research work investigates heat transfer through the contact line between a glass mould and plunger in a press forming process. Models are formed and compared with experimental measurements to enable clarification of the glass properties that should be used in the optimisation process and have been suggested in previous research works. Two case of heat transfer are considered in the models firstly the case of both conductive and radiative are present and then the case of radiative (reheat). The models developed during the study are based on one-dimensional heat transfer. The model is based on the period of the formation process starting from the point at which the molten glass is brought into contact with a mould until the time at which the formed glass is inverted. The models are concerned with the changes in temperature profile during this period at both the centre and the surface of the glass depending on the mode of heat transfer considered, the properties of the glass, and the properties of the tooling. The properties of the glass considered in the models include the absorption coefficient, refractive index, heat transfer coefficient, internal and external emissivity, specific heat and conductivity. In the radiation case the modelling results show the internal emissivity has a little effect on the surface temperature while the external emissivity has an effect temperature fall. Modelling of changes in glass thickness and glass absorption coefficient during the reheat stage of the process has been carried out based on white and green glass. Validation of these models has been accomplished by performing experimental work.
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Van, Antwerpen Werner. "Modelling the effective thermal conductivity in the near-wall region of a packed pebble bed / Werner van Antwerpen." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9628.
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Inherent safety is claimed for gas-cooled pebble bed reactors, such as the South African
Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR), as a result of its design characteristics, materials used,
fuel type and physics involved. Therefore, a proper understanding of the mechanisms of heat
transfer, fluid flow and pressure drop through a packed bed of spheres is of utmost
importance in the design of a high temperature Pebble Bed Reactor (PBR). In this study,
correlations describing the effective thermal conductivity through packed pebble beds are
examined. The effective thermal conductivity is a term defined as representative of the
overall radial heat transfer through such a packed bed of spheres, and is a summation of
various components of the overall heat transfer.
This phenomenon is of importance because it forms an intricate part of the self-acting decay
heat removal chain, which is directly related to the PBR safety case. In this study standard
correlations generally employed by the thermal fluid design community for PBRs are
investigated, giving particular attention to the applicability of the correlations when simulating
the effective thermal conductivity in the near-wall region. Seven distinct components of heat
transfer are examined namely: conduction through the solid, conduction through the contact
area between spheres, conduction through the gas phase, radiation between solid surfaces,
conduction between pebble and wall, conduction through the gas phase in the wall region,
and radiation between the pebble and wall surface.
The effective thermal conductivity models are typically a function of porosity in order to
account for the pebble bed packing structure. However, it is demonstrated in this study that
porosity alone is insufficient to quantify the porous structure in a randomly packed bed. A new
Multi-sphere Unit Cell Model is therefore developed, which accounts more accurately for the
porous structure, especially in the near-wall region. Conclusions on the applicability of the
model are derived by comparing the simulation results with measurements obtained from
various experimental test facilities. This includes the PBMRs High Temperature Test Unit
(HTTU) situated on the campus of the North-West University in Potchefstroom in South Africa.
The Multi-sphere Unit Cell Model proves to encapsulate the impact of the packing structure in
a more fundamental way and can therefore serve as the basis for further refinement of
models to simulate the effective thermal conductivity.Thesis (PhD (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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Barry, Mamadou Yaya. "Heat Transfer Issues in Thin-Film Thermal Radiation Detectors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36357.
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The Thermal Radiation Group at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University has been working closely with scientists and engineers at NASA's Langley Research Center to develop accurate analytical and numerical models suitable for designing next-generation thin-film thermal radiation detectors for earth radiation budget measurement applications. The current study provides an analytical model of the notional thermal radiation detector that takes into account thermal transport phenomena, such as the contact resistance between the layers of the detector, and is suitable for use in parameter estimation. It was found that the responsivity of the detector can increase significantly due to the presence of contact resistance between the layers of the detector. Also presented is the effect of doping the thermal impedance layer of the detector with conducting particles in order to electrically link the two junctions of the detector. It was found that the responsivity and the time response of the doped detector decrease significantly in this case. The corresponding decrease of the electrical resistance of the doped thermal impedance layer is not sufficient to significantly improve the electrical performance of the detector. Finally, the "roughness effect" is shown to be unable to explain the decrease in the thermal conductivity often reported for thin-film layersMaster of Science
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Kotschy, P. J. "Modelling directional casting processes in which heat conduction and cavity radiation are the dominant modes of heat transfer." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5522.
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Includes bibliographical references.Directional investment casting processes involve complex interactions of various mechanisms of heat and mass thansfer in spatially complex domains and in the presence of a change of phase. In particular, the transfer of heat within the furnace occurs in the form of conduction, convection and radiation. This thesis addresses the development of computational techniques to simulate, at a macroscopic scale, such casting processes. In this study the conservation of heat energy within the casting is assumed to be maintained by conduction, accompanied by the release of latent heat energy during solidification. The overall state of the radiation in the furnace chamber is analysed in terms of the absorbed, emitted and reflected energies for each surface defining the geometry of the chamber. By applying a diffuse-grey approximation to these energies, an expression for the net flux for each surface is derived.
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Myers, Philip D. Jr. "Additives for Heat Transfer Enhancement in High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Media: Selection and Characterization." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5749.
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Inorganic salts are very promising as high-temperature heat transfer fluids and thermal storage media in solar thermal power production. The dual-tank molten salt storage system, for example, has been demonstrated to be effective for continuous operation in solar power tower plants. In this particular storage regime, however, much of the thermal storage potential of the salts is ignored. Most inorganic salts are characterized by high heats of fusion, so their use as phase-change materials (PCMs) allows for substantially higher energy storage density than their use as sensible heat storage alone. For instance, use of molten sodium-potassium eutectic salt over a temperature range of 260 to 560°C (the approximate operating parameters of a proposed utility-scale storage system) allows for a volumetric energy storage density of 212 kWhth/m3, whereas the use of pure sodium nitrate (T_m = 307°C) over the same temperature range (utilizing both sensible and latent heat) yields a storage density of 347 kWhth/m3.
The main downside to these media is their relatively low thermal conductivity (typically on the order of 1 W/m-K). While low conductivity is not as much an issue with heat transfer fluids, which, owing to convective heat transfer, are not as reliant on conduction as a heat transfer mode, it can become important for PCM storage strategies, in which transient charging behavior will necessarily involve heating the solid-phase material up to and through the process of melting. This investigation seeks to develop new methods of improving heat transfer in inorganic salt latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) media, such as sodium / potassium nitrates and chlorides. These methods include two basic strategies: first, inclusion of conductivity-enhancing additives, and second, incorporation of infrared absorptive additives in otherwise transparent media. Also, in the process, a group of chloride based salts for use as sensible storage media and/or heat transfer fluids has been developed, based on relevant cost and thermophysical properties data.
For direct conductivity enhancement, the idea is simple: a PCM with low conductivity can be enhanced by incorporation of nanoparticulate additives at low concentration (~5 wt %). This concept has been explored extensively with lower temperature heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, etc. (e.g., nanofluids), as well as with many lower temperature PCMs, such as paraffin wax. Extension of the concept to high temperature inorganic salt thermal storage media brings new challenges—most importantly, material compatibility. Also, maintenance of the additive distribution can be more difficult. Promising results were obtained in both these regards with nitrate salt systems.
The second heat transfer enhancement strategy examined here is more novel in principle: increasing the infrared absorption of a semitransparent salt PCM (e.g., NaCl) with a suitable additive can theoretically enhance radiative heat transfer (for sufficiently high temperatures), thereby compensating for low thermal conductivity. Here again, material compatibility and maintenance of additive dispersion become the focus, but in very different ways, owing to the higher temperatures of application (>600°C) and the much lower concentration of additives required (~0.5 wt %). Promising results have been obtained in this case, as well, in terms of demonstrably greater infrared absorptance with inclusion of additives.
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Martins, Eduardo Balster 1955. "Estudo numerico e experimental do resfriamento conjugado de cavidades complexas." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264124.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto C. AltemaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T23:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_EduardoBalster_D.pdf: 10914423 bytes, checksum: ecaf97a75c72546a03b89a1659ad36c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: Uma investigação do resfriamento conjugado de placas aquecidas suspensas numa cavidade preenchida com ar foi realizada. Duas configurações da cavidade em estudo foram consideradas. Numa delas havia uma única placa, suspensa verticalmente, em posição central, no interior da cavidade. Na outra configuração havia duas placas idênticas suspensas em posições simétricas com relação ao plano médio vertical da cavidade. As paredes laterais e inferior da cavidade eram de material isolante. A parede superior era uma placa isotérmica de material condutor. Um aparato experimental foi construído e a condutância térmica global entre cada placa e o ar ambiente fora da cavidade foi obtida sob condições de regime permanente. O número de Rayleigh da cavidade encontrava-se dentro da faixa de regime laminar para todos os ensaios realizados. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com os resultados de simulações bidimensionais. Os mecanismos conjugados de condução, convecção e radiação térmica foram incluídos no modelo de análise térmica da cavidade. A solução das equações de conservação foram obtidas numericamente por meio de uma combinação de um método de volumes finitos com o método das radiosidades. Os efeitos de sombreamento provocados pela presença das placas no interior da cavidade foram levados em consideração. Das simulações realizadas foram obtidas as condutâncias térmicas globais para as placas, as frações de contribuição de cada modo de transferência de calor no resfriamento de cada placa e da cavidade e as temperaturas no interior da cavidade
Abstract: An investigation of the conjugate heat transfer tTomheated plates suspended in an air filled enclosure was performed. Two distinct configurations for the enclosure were considered. In the first, there was only one heated plate inside the enclosure, suspended in the central position. In the other configuration, there were two heated plates suspended inside the enclosure. They were symmetrically located with respect to the enclosure's vertical midplane. The side and the bottom walls of the enclosure were insulated, but the top wall was a conductive isothennal plate. An experimental apparatus was built and the global therrnal conductance of the heated plates to the ambient air outside the enclosure was obtained under steady state conditions. The Rayleigh number inside the enclosure was within the larninar range. The experimental results were compared with those of a two-dimensional simulation. The conjugate mechanisms of conduction, convection and therrnal radiation were included in the model for the thennal analysis of the enclosure. The solution of the conservation equations was obtained numerically via a combination of the finite volumes and the radiosities methods. The blockage effect of the heated plate to thermal radiation inside the enclosure was taken into account. From this simulation, the global thermal conductance of the heated plate, the distribution of the heat transfer among the three mechanisms, as well as values of the temperature inside the enclosure were obtained.
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Arcos, Usero Lucía. "Analysis and improvements of outdoor hot benches in Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24301.
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Five exterior hot benches have been installed in Gävle, in Kyrkogatan street by the company Gävle Energi with the aim of achieving the wellnes of people that sit on them. This system uses the residual heat from the district heating, representing consequently a non-polluting system. However, the temperature desired on the surface, 35°C is not always achieved before different exterior conditions. For this reason, Gävle Energi is interested in carrying out a study about enhancements that could be made in the system in order to take them into account for future projects of this kind of technology. The aim of this project is analysing if it would be possible to achieve the requirements established by Gävle Energi, changing with this objective all the necessary system parameters of the current system such as diameter of the pipes, materials, number of turns... These requirements consist of working with a supply temperature of 40, 45 and 50°C when the exterior conditions are 0, -5 and -10°C respectively, accomplishing always 35°C on the surface. Moreover, in case that it was not possible, providing the company with the characteristics of the system that would make the system as efficient as possible, specifying for different exterior temperatures the mass flow, pressure drop, velocity and needed power. The study has been developed by different simulations with the software COMSOL, whose use requires a high knowledge on heat transfer. After several simulations, it has been checked that it is not possible to accomplish the requirements established by the company. However, a new more efficient design has been designed because the supply temperatures of the system to accomplish an average temperature of around 35°C on the surface have been minimised. For that, several changes have been carried out. The number of pipes turns have been increased from 12 to 17, their total diameter from 20mm to 30mm and the distance between the centres of the pipes from 5.5cm to 4cm. The 2mm of outer plastic thickness of the pipes has been replaced by copper and the height of the pipes has been moved 2cm upwards. With all these changes, the final length of the pipes inner the stones has a value of 40.6m and the supply temperatures reach 46, 47 and 49°C for the 0,-5 and -10°C exterior conditions respectively. Apart from the supply temperatures for the study cases, the ones necessary to accomplish always the temperature desired on the surface for other exterior temperatures have been provided together with the amount of power necessary, velocity flow, volumetric flow and pressure drop for all the different cases. These values would allow the company to work always at the optimum point as well as to design the heat pump for the system.
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Bright, Trevor James. "Non-fourier heat equations in solids analyzed from phonon statistics." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29710.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Zhang, Zhuomin; Committee Member: Kumar, Satish; Committee Member: Peterson, G. P. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Arambakam, Raghu. "MODELING EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIBROUS HEAT INSULATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3212.
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Heat insulation is the process of blocking the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures. Heat transfer occurs due to conduction, convection, or radiation, as well as any combination of these three mechanisms. Fibrous insulations can completely suppress the convective mode of heat transfer for most applications, and also help to reduce the conductive and radiative modes to some extent. In this study, an attempt has been made to computationally predict the effects of microstructural parameters (e.g., fiber diameter, fiber orientation and porosity) on the insulation performance of fibrous materials. The flexible simulation method developed in this work can potentially be used to custom-design optimal multi-component fibrous insulation media for different applications. With regards to modeling conductive heat transfer, a computationally-feasible simulation method is developed that allows one to predict the effects of each microstructural parameter on the transfer of heat across a fibrous insulation. This was achieved by combining analytical calculations for conduction through interstitial fluid (e.g., air) with numerical simulations for conduction through fibrous structures. With regards to modeling radiative heat transfer, both Monte Carlo Ray Tracing and Electromagnetic Wave Theory were implemented for our simulations. The modeling methods developed in this work are flexible to allow simulating the performance of media made up of different combinations of fibers with different materials or dimensions at different operating temperatures. For example, our simulations demonstrate that fiber diameter plays an important role in blocking radiation heat transfer. In particular, it was shown that there exists an optimum fiber diameter for which maximum insulation against radiative transfer is achieved. The optimum fiber diameter is different for fibers made of different materials and also depends on the mean temperature of the media. The contributions of conduction and radiation heat transfer predicted using the above techniques are combined to define a total thermal resistance value for media with different microstructures. Such a capability can be of great interest for design and optimization of the overall performance of fibrous media for different applications.
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Tilioua, Amine. "Etude des transferts de chaleur au travers d'isolants thermiques fibreux pour le bâtiment : modélisation et caractérisation." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0207.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif la compréhension des phénomènes de transfert de chaleur parconduction et rayonnement, dans les isolants thermiques fibreux du bâtiment, en vue de leuroptimisation. Nous avons étudié trois matériaux fibreux très différents : la laine de verre(matériau minéral), la ouate polyester (matériau synthétique) et la laine de chanvre (matériauvégétal).Dans un premier temps, les propriétés radiatives ont été identifiées par la méthode inversebasée sur les mesures expérimentales de réflexion et transmission hémisphériques etbidirectionnelles. Des échantillons de laine de verre, d’ouate polyester et de chanvre ont étéétudiés en utilisant un spectromètre FTIR. La méthode inverse permet, par le biais d’unmodèle moindres carrés, de déterminer les propriétés radiatives du matériau fibreux : albédo,épaisseur optique et coefficients de la fonction de phase. La conductivité radiative de chaquematériau est déterminée par l’approximation de Rosseland.Ensuite, concernant les propriétés thermophysiques globales des matériaux, des mesuresfluxmétriques ont été réalisées à l’aide d’un dispositif développé au LGCgE de Béthune. Cesmesures ont été comparées aux résultats d’une modélisation numérique basée sur la résolutiondes équations couplées de transfert radiatif et de l’énergieThis thesis aims to understand the phenomenon of heat transfer by radiation and conductionof thermal building insulators. Three insulating materials were studied in this work: glasswool (mineral material), the wadding polyester (synthetic material) and wool hemp (plantmaterial).At a first step, the radiative properties have been identified by the inverse method based onexperimental measurements of hemispherical reflectance and transmittance and bidirectional.Samples of glass wool, wadding polyester and wool hemp were studied using an FTIRspectrometer. The inverse method allows, by means of a model least squares, thedetermination of the radiative properties of the medium: albedo, optical thickness andcoefficients of the phase function. The radiative conductivity of each material is determinedby the Rosseland approximation.Then, on global thermophysical properties of materials, heat flux measurements wereperformed using a device developed at LGCgE of Bethune. These measurements werecompared with the results of numerical modeling based on solving the coupled equations ofradiative transfer and energy
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Veloso, Dhiego Luiz de Andrade. "Análise da convecção forçada laminar em dutos circulares submetidos aos efeitos da condução axial e radiação." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8959.
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With the great technological advances experienced by humanity becomes providential depth knowledge about real processes of heat transfer, as well as a need arises to analyze them quantitatively. In the present work is studied the heat transfer in laminar forced convective in the entrance region of a circular tube considering the effects of axial conduction into the fluid and radiation, since in low Peclet numbers play an important role in heat transfer problems and its omission offers a significant error in the computation of the heat transfer rate. In the first part of this work is considered a slug-flow, whose exact analytical solution was discussed. In the second part of the work is considered a flow in the power law model, proposes an approximate analytic solution and numerical solution, as well as the comparison of these solutions. In this paper is used the hybrid numericanalytical method named Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) to solve the energy equation. The temperature field and local Nusselt number are calculated for several values of Peclet numbers and with a boundary condition of first kind. The results presented in the form of tables and graphs permit to analyze the influence that the Peclet number and the power law index exercise in the temperature profile and the Nusselt number. The results of this study are presented in full compliance with the scientific literature.
Com o grande avanço tecnológico experimentado pela humanidade torna-se providencial um conhecimento aprofundado sobre os processos reais de transferência de calor, bem como surge uma necessidade de analisá-los quantitativamente. No presente trabalho estuda-se a transferência de calor na convecção forçada laminar na região de entrada térmica de um tubo circular considerando os efeitos de condução axial no fluido e de radiação, uma vez que em baixos números de Peclet desempenham um papel importante nos problemas de transferência de calor e sua omissão oferece um erro apreciável na computação da taxa de transferência de calor. Na primeira parte deste trabalho considerase um escoamento tipo pistão, cuja solução analítica exata foi discutida. Na segunda parte do trabalho considera-se um escoamento no modelo lei de potência, apresentando uma proposta de solução analítica aproximada e uma solução numérica, bem como a comparação entre as duas soluções. Neste trabalho utiliza-se o método híbrido numéricoanalítico denominado Técnica de Transformada Integral Generalizada (GITT) para resolver a equação da energia. O campo de temperatura e o número de Nusselt local são avaliados para vários valores do número de Peclet e uma condição de contorno do primeiro tipo. Os resultados, apresentados na forma de tabelas e gráficos, permitem analisar a influência que o número de Peclet e o índice lei de potência exercem no perfil de temperatura e no número de Nusselt. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho se apresentam em total concordância com as literaturas científicas.
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Vincent, Tyler Graham. "Total Temperature Probe Performance for Subsonic Flows using Mixed Fidelity Modeling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88867.
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An accurate measurement of total temperature in turbomachinery flows remains critical for component life models and cycle performance optimization. While many techniques exist to measure these flows, immersed thermocouple based probes remain highly desirable due to well established practices for probe design and implementation in typical industrial flow applications. However, as engine manufacturers continue to push towards higher maximum cycle temperatures and smaller flow passages, the continued use of these probes requires new probe designs considering both improved sensor durability and measurement accuracy. Increased maximum temperatures introduce many challenges for total temperature measurements using conventional immersed probes, including increased influences of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer between the sensor, fluid and the surroundings due to large thermal gradients present in real turbomachinery systems. While these effects have been previously investigated, the available design models are very limited to specific geometries and flow conditions. In this Dissertation, a more fundamental understanding of the flow behavior around typical vented shield style total temperature probes as a function of probe geometry and operating condition is gained using results from high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations with Conjugate Heat Transfer. A parametric study was conducted considering three non-dimensional probe geometric ratios (vent location to shield length (0.029-0.806), sensor diameter to shield inner diameter (0.252-0.672), and shield outer diameter to strut/mount thickness (0.245-0.759)) and three operating conditions (total temperature (70, 850, 2500°F) and pressure (1, 1, 10 atm), respectively) at a moderate Mach number of 0.4. Results were further quantified in the form of new empirical correlations necessary for rapid thermal performance evaluations of current and future probe designs. Additionally, a new mixed-fidelity or Reduced Order Modeling technique was developed which allows the coupling of high fidelity surface heat transfer data from CFD with a generalized form of the 1-D conducting solid equations for evaluating radiation and transient influences on sensor performance.
These new flow and heat transfer correlations together with the new Reduced Order Modeling technique developed here greatly enhance the capabilities of designers to evaluate performance of current and future probe designs, with higher accuracy and with significant reductions in computational resources.Doctor of Philosophy
An accurate measurement of total temperature in turbomachinery flows remains critical for component life models and cycle performance optimization. While many techniques exist to measure these flows, immersed thermocouple based probes remain highly desirable due to well established practices for probe design and implementation in typical industrial flow applications. However, as engine manufacturers continue to push towards higher maximum cycle temperatures and smaller flow passages, the continued use of these probes requires new probe designs considering both improved sensor durability and measurement accuracy. Increased maximum temperatures introduce many challenges for total temperature measurements using conventional immersed probes, including increased influences of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer between the sensor, fluid and the surroundings due to large thermal gradients present in real turbomachinery systems. While these effects have been thoroughly described and quantified in the past, the available design models are very limited to specific geometries and flow conditions. In this Dissertation, a more fundamental understanding of the flow behavior around typical vented shield style total temperature probes as a function of probe geometry and operating condition is gained using results from high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations with Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) capabilities. Results were further quantified in the form of new empirical correlations necessary for rapid thermal performance evaluations of current and future probe designs. Additionally, a new mixed-fidelity or Reduced Order Modeling (ROM) technique was developed which allows the coupling of high fidelity surface heat transfer data from CFD with a generalized form of the 1-D conducting solid equations for readily predicting the impact of radiation environment and transient errors on sensor performance.
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Tam, Kuan V. "MHD simulations of coronal heating." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6373.
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The problem of heating the solar corona requires the conversion of magnetic energy into thermal energy. Presently, there are two promising mechanisms for heating the solar corona: wave heating and nanoflare heating. In this thesis, we consider nanoflare heating only. Previous modelling has shown that the kink instability can trigger energy release and heating in large scale loops, as the field rapidly relaxes to a lower energy state under the Taylor relaxation theory. Two distinct experiments were developed to understand the coronal heating problem: the avalanche effect within a multiple loop system, and the importance of thermal conduction and optically thin radiation during the evolution of the kinked-unstable coronal magnetic field. The first experiment showed that a kink-unstable thread can also destabilise nearby threads under some conditions. The second experiment showed that the inclusion of thermal conduction and optically thin radiation causes significant change to the internal energy of the coronal loop. After the initial instability occurs, there is continual heating throughout the relaxation process. Our simulation results show that the data is consistent with observation values, and the relaxation process can take over 200 seconds to reach the final relaxed state. The inclusion of both effects perhaps provides a more realistic and rapid heating experiment compared to previous investigations.
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Gaudin, Damien. "Imagerie infrarouge thermique haute résolution : potentiels et limitations pour la géologie." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0076/document.
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Le rayonnement infrarouge thermique (7.5-14 μm) permet de mesurer à distance la température de surfaces géologiques. Les capteurs de type “microbolomètre”, de bas prix et d’utilisation facile, sont de plus en plus utilisés pour cartographier sur le terrain des anomalies de température. Cependant, des phénomènes tels que l’opacité de l’atmosphère et les réflexions de la surface viennent modifier le signal. De plus, les images doivent être ajustées géométriquement pour être cartographiées. Après avoir proposé un protocole de correction géométrique et radiométrique des mesures, et quantifié les incertitudes résiduelles, quelques exemples sont étudiés pour définir les potentiels et les limites de l’infrarouge thermique en sciences de la Terre. Son potentiel pour la détection de la ligne de rivage a été utilisé lors d’une marée montante pour reconstituer le modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) d’une plage de l’Aber Benoît (Bretagne). D’autre part, un modèle informatique a été développé pour mesurer l’influence de la rugosité sur la température de la surface des planètes. Il a été appliqué au calcul de l’inertie thermique de Mars et de l’astéroïde (2867) Šteins. Enfin, les images infrarouges sont utilisées pour quantifier le flux de chaleur d’une zone sub-fumerollienne de la Soufrière. Ainsi, l’imagerie thermique infrarouge montre un fort potentiel, partiellement inexploité par les études actuelles, notamment pour la cartographie quantitative des contrastes de température à haute résolution. A haute fréquence, elle permet d’étudier la dynamique des phénomènes géologiquesThermal infrared (7.5-14 μm) enables the measurement of temperature far fromgeological surfaces. Microbolometers devices are increasingly used in the field in order to mapthermal anomalies. However, phenomena such as atmospheric opacity and surface reflections disturb the electromagnetic signal. In addition, images have to be geometrically adjusted to fit with geographical models. A processing chain is here suggested in order to correct the radiometry and the geometry of images, and the uncertainties are computed. Then, its potential and limitations are considered, through a few examples. First, it has been used in order to detect the waterline evolution of a mud shore during a rising tide, which enables to reconstruct a digital elevation model. Then, a computer model has been developed to study the roughness effects on the surface temperature and on the thermal inertial calculation on Mars and on the (2867) Šteins asteroid. Finally the heat flux of a sub-fumarolian zone has been computed in La Soufrière volcano (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles).Thus, thermal infrared remote sensing is very useful in quantitatively mapping the temperatures anomalies with a high resolution. High frequency studies should enable the survey of geological phenomena
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Pedot, Thomas. "Modélisation du couplage thermique entre la combustion et l'encrassement des tubes d'un four de raffinerie." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0095/document.
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Dans les fours de raffinerie, l'efficacité du transfert énergétique vers le pétrole brut avant sa distillation est altérée par la formation d'un composé carboné dans les tubes, appelé coke. Cela conduit à l'augmentation des coûts de production et de maintenance, et exige une compréhension accrue ainsi qu'un meilleur contrôle de ce phénomène. Cet encrassement est de type chimique et induit par les fortes températures. Dans les fours de cette dimension, le transfert de chaleur s'effectue principalement par rayonnement des produits de combustion. Le flux radiatif net sur les surfaces d'échange des tubes dépend de la température de toutes les surfaces solides et a donc besoin d'être prédit avec une précision suffisante. La température sur les tubes est le résultat d'un équilibre entre le rayonnement thermique et la conduction. Le comportement thermique de l'ensemble du système est un problème de couplage entre le rayonnement et la conduction. Une méthodologie complète de couplage est exposée et validée de la manière suivante. Dans ce problème, la flamme est décrite par un modèle analytique axisymétrique avec chimie complexe. Le couplage avec la conduction dans les tubes est réalisé par l'utilisation d'une méthode aux ordonnées discrètes (DOM) avec un modèle spectral de type bandes étroites pour le rayonnement des gaz de combustion. Un bilan énergétique confirme que les transferts de chaleur sont dominés par le rayonnement thermique. Un bon accord avec les mesures disponibles sur un four réel montre que l'approche proposée est capable de prédire le rayonnement thermique. L'étape suivante consiste à coupler le calcul de la température du tube à une loi d'encrassement. Un modèle chimique simple est utilisé. Il est validé à l'aide d'une expérience de laboratoire. La comparaison entre les températures obtenues avec la simulation et celles mesurées par des sondes thermiques montre que la simulation est capable de capturer l'évolution de la température dans le tube avec précision. Enfin, un modèle d'encrassement pour la configuration réelle est trouvé puis appliqué dans une simulation couplée complète. Cette simulation montre un bon accord entre l'évolution de la température sur site et dans la simulation. Une analyse plus poussée est réalisée sur les profils de température, de flux radiatif et de dépôt de coke et montre l'impact de ce dépôt sur l'installationIn industrial refinery furnaces, the efficiency of the thermal transfer to heat crude oil before distillation is often altered by coke deposition inside the process pipes. This leads to increased production and maintenance costs, and requires better understanding and control. Crude oil fouling is a chemical reaction that is, at first order, thermally controlled. In such large furnaces, the predominant heat transfer process is thermal radiation by the hot combustion products, which directly heats the pipes. As radiation fluxes depend on temperature differences, the pipe surface temperature also plays an important role and needs to be predicted with sufficient accuracy. This temperature results from the energy balance between thermal radiation and conduction in the solid material of the pipe, meaning that the thermal behavior of the whole system is a coupled radiation-conduction problem. In this work, this problem is solved in a cylindrical furnace, using the Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM) with accurate spectral models for the radiation of combustion gases, described by a complex chemistry flame model, and coupled to heat conduction in the pipe to predict its wall temperature. An energy balance confirms that heat transfers are effectively dominated by thermal radiation. Good agreement with available measurements on a real furnace shows that the proposed approach is able to predict the heat transfer to the pipe. The method gives an accurate prediction of the radiative source term and temperature fields in the furnace and on the pipe surface, which are key parameters for liquid fouling inside the pipe. Although reasonably accurate results are obtained with simple models, they still can be easily improved by more sophisticated models for turbulence, combustion and radiation. The next step is to couple the calculation of the pipe temperature to a fouling law. Since exact composition of crude oil is not available, one needs to model coke deposition with simple fouling law. The idea is to model the deposition rate by a thermal resistance added to the heated pipe and allows to coupling the calculation of the pipe temperature to a fouling law. A simple chemical model is used, and validated against a labscale experiment, prior to apply it to a furnace configuration. Comparing the temperature obtained with the simulation to the temperature measured by thermal probes at selected locations shows that the simulation is able to capture the temperature variation at these points. It is shown that coking occurs when the temperature has remained high on both sides of the pipe for a sufficient length. We explain how to extract a fouling law in controlled condition when the deposit is induced by thermal stressing of the crude. Finally, the whole system, including radiation,conduction and deposition, is coupled. Results are compared to the real furnace and show relatively good agreement in terms of external skin pipe temperature prediction. This observation validates the methodology exposed in this script
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Depoid, Christophe. "Couplage entre paroi semi-transparente et cavites d'air par conduction, convection et rayonnements : mesure des temperatures d'interface." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066193.
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Le probleme etudie est celui des mesures de temperature a la surface de parois semi-transparentes: les capteurs utilises (thermocouples colles) introduisent des perturbations qui, dans le cas ou le niveau d'echange est bas, tel que celui de l'habitat, peuvent etre du meme ordre que les effets etudies. Ce travail, mene simultanement sur le plan experimental et numerique par calage de modeles, concerne donc la mesure de temperature de surface, ainsi que l'evaluation et l'interpretation des perturbations creees par les capteurs utilises. La methodologie repose sur l'analyse de situations caracterisees par des conditions aux limites en surface de complexite croissante: conduction et rayonnement infra-rouge, convection naturelle, puis rayonnement visible
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Alwakil, Ahmed Diaaeldin. "Illusions thermiques basées sur les métamatériaux et les métasurfaces : conduction et rayonnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0209/document.
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Les techniques de camouflage, mimétisme ou invisibilité ont récemment connu une forte émergence, qui se poursuit aujourd’hui avec l’apparition des méta-surfaces. C’est dans ce contexte que ce travail de doctorat a été réalisé, notamment avec un premier objectif d’étendre ces outils et concepts aux problèmes inverses du domaine de la diffusion de la chaleur. La suite du travail a concerné le rayonnement thermique, les méta-surfaces et les transformations de champ. Après avoir étendu les techniques de mimétisme au domaine de la conduction, nous avons résolu le problème inverse associé, qui consiste à camoufler des objets imposés en forme ou conductivité. Ce premier travail a permis de mettre en évidence les classes de transformation qui laissent invariantes les paramètres physiques, conférant ainsi plus de pragmatisme au domaine du mimétisme. Nous avons ensuite considéré le cas du rayonnement thermique, et démontré pour la première fois que les illusions par rayonnement étaient envisageables, en appui sur l’invariance du théorème de fluctuation/dissipation. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle méthode pour calculer le rayonnement thermique par des objets de forme arbitraire, mettant en jeu des méta-surfaces inhomogènes, anisotropes, chirales et non locales. Nous montrons également comment tirer profit des méta-surfaces pour remplacer les capes volumiques tout en conservant la fonction de camouflage. Cette technique est particulièrement prometteuse pour les applications, même si elle reste intrinsèquement liée à l’éclairement. Des techniques similaires sont développées pour que soit facilité l’utilisation de transformations discontinues de l’espaceMimetism, camouflage or invisibility have motivated numerous efforts in the last decade, which are now extended with metasurfaces. This PhD work fits this international context and was first focused on inverse problems in heat conduction before we address thermal radiation and metasurfaces, field transformation. After we generalize the mimetism techniques to heat diffusion, we solved the associated inverse problem which consists of the camouflage of given objects, that is, objects with shape or conductivity that are before hand chosen. The results allowed us to emphasize the class of transformations which hold the physical parameters, hence giving more pragmatism to the field of mimetism. Then we addressed the case of thermal radiation and proved for the first time that mimetism effects could also be controlled in this field, on the basis of the fluctuation/dissipation theorem. In a second step, we built an original technique able to predict the thermal radiation from objects of arbitrary shapes. This technique involves inhomogeneous, anisotropic, chiral and nonlocal metasurfaces. We also show how to take more benefits of metasurfaces in order to replace the bulk mimetism cloaks. We believe this technique to give again more push forward to the field, though the mimetism efficiency now relies on the illumination conditions. Similar techniques are further developed to allow a practical use of discontinuous space transformations. Eventually, field transformation is introduced to complete all these results
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Nicolai, Andreas. "Physikalische Grundlagen des thermischen Raummodells THERAKLES." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-102112.
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Das thermische Raummodell THERAKLES berechnet das dynamische Verhalten eines Raumes und seiner Umschließungsflächen in Abhängigkeit von realistischen Klimarandbedingungen, sowie Nutzer- und Anlagenverhalten. Neben Energieverbrauchswerten werden die operative Temperatur sowie weitere Kriterien zur Beurteilung der Behaglichkeit berechnet. Schwerpunkt der Anwendung liegt auf Optimierung der thermischen Behaglichkeit im Sommerfall, sowie energetischer Optimierung der Regelung von Heizungsanlagen unter Ausnutzung der Dynamik schwerer Baukonstruktionen und Massivbauwände. Das Modell beschreibt das dynamische Verhalten der Umfassungskonstruktionen durch instationäre, räumlich aufgelöste Simulation der Wand-, Fußboden-, und Decken- bzw. Dachflächen. Dadurch werden in der Konstruktion enthaltene Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM) berücksichtigt und die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit der zusätzlichen Wärmespeicherfähigkeit abgebildet.
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Moore, Travis J. "Application of Variation of Parameters to Solve Nonlinear Multimode Heat Transfer Problems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4254.
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The objective of this work is to apply the method of variation of parameters to various direct and inverse nonlinear, multimode heat transfer problems. An overview of the general method of variation of parameters is presented and applied to a simple example problem. The method is then used to obtain solutions to three specific extended surface heat transfer problems: 1. a radiating annular fin, 2. convective and radiative exchange between the surface of a continuously moving strip and its surroundings, and 3. convection from a fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and variable cross-sectional area. The results for each of these examples are compared to those obtained using other analytical and numerical methods. The method of variation of parameters is also applied to the more complex problem of combined conduction-radiation in a one-dimensional, planar, absorbing, emitting, non-gray medium with non-gray opaque boundaries. Unlike previous solutions to this problem, the solution presented here is exact. The model is verified by comparing the temperature profiles calculated from this work to those found using numerical methods for both gray and non-gray cases. The combined conduction-radiation model is then applied to determine the temperature profile in a ceramic thermal barrier coating designed to protect super alloy turbine blades from large and extended heat loads. Inverse methods are implemented in the development of a non-contact method of measuring the properties and temperatures within the thermal barrier coating. Numerical experiments are performed to assess the effectiveness of this measurement technique. The combined conduction-radiation model is also applied to determine the temperature profile along the fiber of an optical fiber thermometer. An optical fiber thermometer consists of an optical fiber whose sensing tip is coated with an opaque material which emits radiative energy along the fiber to a detector. Inverse methods are used to infer the tip temperature from spectral measurements made by the detector. Numerical experiments are conducted to assess the effectiveness of these methods. Experimental processes are presented in which a coating is applied to the end of an optical fiber and connected to an FTIR spectrometer. The system is calibrated and the inverse analysis is used to infer the tip temperature in various heat sources.
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Dauvois, Yann. "Modélisation du transfert thermique couplé conductif et radiatif au sein de milieux fibreux portés à haute température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC097/document.
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Dans ce travail, les propriétés thermiques effectives du milieu fibreux sont déterminées en tenant compte du couplage conduction et rayonnement. Un échantillon numérique fibreux statistiquement homogène composé de deux phases a été généré en empilant des cylindres finis absorbant dans le vide. Ces cylindres sont dispersés selon des fonctions de distribution de la position de leur centre et de leur orientation. L'interpénétration des cylindres est permis. L'extinction, l'absorption et la diffusion sont caractérisées par des fonctions statistiques radiatives qui permettent de savoir si le milieu est Beerien (ou non). Elles sont déterminées précisément à l'aide d'une méthode de Monte Carlo. On montre que la phase gazeuse a un comportement Beerien et que le phase fibreuse a un comportement fortement non Beerien. Le champ de puissance radiative déposée dans le milieu fibreux est calculé en résolvant un modèle qui couple une Équation du Transfert Radiatif Généralisée (ETRG) et une Équation du Transfert radiatif Classique (ETR). Le modèle de conduction thermique est basé sur une méthode de marche aléatoire ne nécessitant aucun maillage. La simulation du mouvement Brownien de marcheurs dans les fibres permet de résoudre l'équation de l'énergie. L'idée de la méthode est de caractériser la température d'un volume élémentaire par une densité de marcheurs, qui peuvent parcourir le milieu. Le problème est gouverné par les conditions aux limites ; Une concentration constante de marcheurs (ou un flux constant) est associée à une température imposée (ou un flux)In the present work, the effective heat transfer properties of fibrous medium are determined by taking into account a coupling of heat conduction and radiation. A virtual, statistically homogeneous, two-phase fibrous sample has been built by stacking finite absorbing cylinders in vaccum. These cylinders are dispersed according to prescribed distribution functions defining the cylinder positions and orientations. Cylinder overlappings are allowed. Extinction, absorption and scattering are characterised by radiative statistical functions which allow the Beerian behaviour of a medium to be assessed (or not). They are accurately determined with a Monte Carlo method. Whereas the gaseous phase exhibits a Beerian behaviour, the fibre phase is strongly non Beerian. The radiative power field deposited within the fibrous material is calculated by resolving a model which couples a Generalized Radiative Transfer Equation (GRTE) and a classic Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). The model of conduction transfer is based on a random walk method without meshing. The simulation of Brownian motion of walkers in fibres allows the energy equation to be solved. The idea of the method is to characterize the temperature in an elementary volume by the density of walkers, which roam the medium. The problem is governed by boundary conditions ; A constant concentration of walkers (or a constant flux) is associated with a fixed temperature (or flux)
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Cili, Tatiana Fernandes. "Medida da condução óssea em sujeitos ouvintes normais: radiação acústica e posicionamento do vibrador ósseo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12194.
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Clinical audiology literature and practice raise questions about bone conduction assessment results. The most common questions are related to the reliability of bone conduction thresholds as they suffer a lot of artifacts that may mislead the results obtained. Silman & Silverman (1997) describe two important factors that could interfere in such measurement: acoustic radiation (escaping acoustic energy that can be heard by air conduction, mainly in the high frequencies) and bone vibrator positioning in the mastoid. In order to obtain bone conduction thresholds in 2 kHz, or at higher frequencies, researchers suggest the insertion of earplugs in either the tested ear or in both ears to prevent acoustic radiation. In order to increase reliability on bone conduction evaluation researchers suggest that the patient must position the bone vibrator at the point on mastoid that he has the biggest sensation of sound stimuli. Objectives: 1. to investigate the bone vibrator s positioning influence in bone conduction thresholds evaluation for 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2. to investigate the influence of insert earplugs on bone conduction thresholds measurement for 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in normal hearing subjects. Specific Objectives: 1- to determine the bone conduction sensitivity due to the influence of the bone vibrator s positioning in the mastoid to obtain bone conduction thresholds at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2 - to determine bone conduction threshold with and without insert earplug in order to investigate the presence of the acoustic radiation phenomenon during the bone conduction assessment at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. Methods: Thirty six ears from 18 subjects were examined. Both ears were tested for air and bone conduction in a sound booth. The RADIOEAR B71 bone vibrator was used to assess bone conduction at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz. Two audiometers were used: Interacoustics AC40 and Betamedical Beta 6000. To evaluate the effect of the bone vibrator positioning, bone conduction thresholds were obtained using narrow band noise, at the opposite ear, at 30 dB HL in 1 dB steps (Ritcher; Brinkman; 1981); and to assess the effects of the acoustic radiation the examiner positioned the bone vibrator and inserted a foam earplug in the tested ear (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Results: Bone vibrator s positioning influence was present in bone conduction thresholds evaluation at 500, 1000 e 3000 Hz, in more than 20% of the cases. This study proved that, when assessing bone conduction, the acoustic radiation phenomenon was present at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in 70% of the cases, mainly at 3 kHz. Conclusion: The acoustic radiation phenomenon was present mainly at 3 kHz, besides being present at 2k and 4 kHz. This could lead to an inaccurate interpretation of test results, which depend on reliable air and bone conduction values
A literatura e a prática na área da audiologia clínica, nos fazem questionar até que ponto o resultado da avaliação da via óssea de um sujeito é verdadeira ou é produto da interferência de atos ou fatos que ocorrem durante a audiometria. Silman e Silverman (1997) pontuam dois importantes fatores que podem interferir nessa medida: a radiação acústica (fuga de energia sonora do vibrador ósseo que poderia ser ouvida pela via aérea, principalmente em freqüências altas) e o posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide. Para obtenção dos limiares por via óssea em 2 kHz ou em freqüências mais altas, autores sugerem a inserção de plugs na orelha sob teste ou nas duas orelhas, para prevenir a radiação acústica. Para evitar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo, os autores sugerem que o paciente posicione o vibrador ósseo no local onde sente o estímulo acústico mais intenso. Objetivos: 1. investigar a influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva; 2. investigar a influência do plug auricular na medida dos limiares ósseos de 2000, 3000 e 4000 Hz. Objetivos específicos: 1 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea devido à influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide para a obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva. 2 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea com e sem e com plug auditivo, para as freqüências de 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva, para determinar a existência do fenômeno da radiação acústica na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea. Método: Foram examinadas 36 orelhas de 18 indivíduos; audiometria tonal por via aérea e óssea em ambas as orelhas, em cabine acústica. O modelo do vibrador ósseo foi RADIOEAR B71 para avaliar as freqüências 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k Hz (via óssea). Audiômetro da Marca Interacoustics, modelo AC40 e da Marca Betamedical, modelo Beta 6000. Para avaliar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo foi realizada a pesquisa do limiar de sensibilidade auditiva da via óssea, em degraus de 1 dB, com ruído de banda estreita de 30 dBNA, na orelha oposta (Richter; Brinkmann; 1981); para avaliar o efeito da radiação acústica foi realizada a medida da via óssea, com o vibrador ósseo posicionado pelo examinador e inserção de um plug automoldável na orelha examinada, (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Resultados: Em 500, 1 e 3 kHz mais de 20% das pessoas tiveram seus limiares por via óssea alterados em mais de 6 dB, devido ao efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo. Este estudo comprovou o fenômeno da radiação acústica nas freqüências de 2, 3 e 4 kHz quando a via óssea foi avaliada, principalmente em 3 kHz, em 70% dos casos. Conclusão: O fenômeno da radiação acústica estava presente principalmente em 3 kHz, além de estar presente em 2 e 4 kHz. O que pode levar a interpretação errônea dos resultados audiométricos que dependem da exatidão dos valores aéreos e ósseos
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Rodrigues, Pedro Sinval Ferreira. "Análise da transferência de calor acoplada por condução e radiação em meios semitransparentes com aplicação ao método flash." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5354.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-01Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The emergence of new materials has generated a significant growth for determination with accuracy of your thermophysical properties. The knowledge of these properties for several kinds of materials is essential for any research or engineering project that the heat transfer is relevant, because it´s from these that the rates of heat transfer in a process can be calculated. Method flash is one that stands out most among methods for thermal characterization of materials, in that the front surface of a sample is subjected to an energy pulse of high intensity and short duration, at the same time the temperature of the back surface is measured to determine the thermal diffusivity of the material. This thesis presents a methodology to thermal characterization of semitransparent material using method flash. For this, is made an analysis of the problem of heat transfer with coupling conduction-radiation, where the simultaneous solution of energy equation and the radiative transfer equation (RTE) makes necessary. The finite volume method was used to numerically solve the energy equation and the discrete ordinates method to solve the ETR. A computer code was developed in MATLAB to solve the equations, which is tested and validated with existing cases in the literature.
O crescente aparecimento de novos materiais tem gerado um aumento bastante expressivo na demanda pela determinação com maior exatidão e menor incerteza de medição das suas propriedades termofísicas. O conhecimento destas propriedades para os diversos tipos de materiais é essencial em qualquer pesquisa ou projeto de engenharia onde a transferência de calor tenha relevância, pois é a partir destas que podem ser feitos os cálculos das taxas de transferência de calor presentes num determinado processo. Dentre os métodos utilizados para caracterização térmica dos materiais, o método flash é um dos que mais se destaca. Nele a superfície frontal de uma amostra é submetida a um pulso de energia de alta intensidade e curta duração, sendo o aumento da temperatura na superfície traseira medido e utilizado para determinar a difusividade térmica do material. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para caracterização térmica de materiais semitransparentes através do método flash. Para isso, é feita uma análise do problema da transferência de calor com acoplamento conduçãoradiação, onde uma solução simultânea da equação da energia e da equação da transferência radiativa (ETR) se faz necessária. O método dos volumes finitos foi utilizado para resolver numericamente a equação da energia e o método das ordenadas discretas para resolver a ETR. Um código computacional em MATLAB foi elaborado para resolução das equações obtidas, sendo este testado e validado com casos existentes na literatura.
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Tan, He Ping. "Transfert couple rayonnement-conduction instationnaire dans les milieux semi-transparents à frontières opaques ou naturelles soumis à des conditions de température et de flux." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2264.
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L'etude met en oeuvre la methode nodale, associee a celle des zones de hottel etendue au cas des reflexions speculaires et vitreuses par la methode du trajet des rayons. Les donnees spectroscopiques necessaires ont ete determinees experimentalement par la spectrometrie d'emission infrarouge. Application a l'identification de la diffusivite thermique a partir des champs de temperature determines par interferometrie
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Costa, Debora Cristina Rosa Faria da. "Contêineres metálicos para canteiros de obras: análise experimental de desempenho térmico e melhorias na transferência de calor pela envoltória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-03052016-164750/.
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Os contêineres metálicos foram desenvolvidos para a utilização no setor de logística e transporte, mas por sua escala adaptável à das edificações e pela mobilidade e praticidade de instalação, tiveram sua utilização apropriada também pelo setor da construção civil. Essas instalações possuem diversas qualidades ambientalmente amigáveis, mas seu aspecto térmico é extremamente insuficiente: sem isolamento térmico, demandam alta carga térmica de refrigeração e aquecimento, no verão e inverno, respectivamente e, consequentemente, um alto consumo energético. Tal característica foi crucial para que se determinassem como objetivos da presente pesquisa investigar o comportamento térmico dessas construções metálicas, avaliar seus parâmetros de desempenho, conforto e estresse térmicos, por meio de uma ampla coleta de dados experimentais. O experimento com duração de um ano - contou com três tipologias de contêiner em escala real, sendo o primeiro em aço Tipo X sem isolamento térmico, o segundo com um isolamento térmico para o fenômeno da condução e o terceiro com isolamento térmico para o fenômeno da radiação. Os diferentes tipos de tratamentos térmicos proporcionaram melhorias à envoltória dos contêineres, chegando a uma diferença nas temperaturas internas de até 9 °C. Constatou-se a extrema necessidade de adequação do tipo de isolamento térmico dos contêineres ao uso a que tais instalações se destinam escritório ou alojamento, no caso dos canteiros de obras para que as características da envoltória minimizem de fato a demanda ou mesmo atinjam a eliminação da necessidade de condicionamento artificial.Metal containers were developed to logistics and transportation sector, but as a result of their suitable scale to human occupation, and their mobility and installation convenience, their use was adopted by the construction sector. These installations have many environmentally friendly characteristics, but their thermal performance is extremely unsuitable for habitation: without thermal insulation, the containers have high cooling and heating thermal load, in summer and winter, respectively, and consequently, to achieve thermal comfort, a substantial amount of energy is consumed. This feature was important to determine that the researchs objectives were to investigate metallic constructions thermal performance, calculate their thermal performance parameters, thermal comfort and thermal stress through a wide collection of experimental data. The experiment with duration of one year was conducted in three real scale containers: all of them made of steel (called steel Type X): the first one had no thermal insulation, the second one had insulation for thermal conduction, and the third had a thermal barrier for radiation. This different types of thermal treatment provided improvement to the containers envelopes, achieving a difference in internal temperatures about 9 °C. The findings reveal that thermal insulation needs to correctly respond to the containers intended use office or accommodation, in the case of construction sites so that the envelopes characteristics can have an impact on minimizing energy demand or even eliminate the containers need for artificial heating and cooling.
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Ibarrart, Loris. "Description en espaces de chemins et méthode de Monte Carlo pour les transferts thermiques couplés dans les structures fluides et solides, une approche compatible avec l'informatique graphique." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0009.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit abordent la thématique du couplage des transferts thermiques. En particulier, ils s’inscrivent dans une réflexion actuelle autour de l’échantillonnage de chemins aléatoires par la méthode de Monte Carlo. Ce choix est justifié par un souhait d’obtenir des algorithmes ne présentant pas de contraintes sur la complexité des géométries étudiées. En effet, l’utilisation conjointe de ce type d’approches statistiques et des outils d’accélération de la synthèse d’image (grilles accélératrices) permet d’ores et déjà une résolution exacte du transfert radiatif en géométrie quelconque. Pour les transferts thermiques de type diffusif, l’exactitude des approches en espaces de chemins n’est atteignable que pour des configurations simples. On choisit donc d’utiliser des chemins statistiques approchés pour rendre compte de ce type de phénomènes thermiques dans des géométries quelconques. Parmi les choix disponibles, on retiendra des espaces de chemins construits autour du lancer de rayon, qui permettront donc de bénéficier de l’ensemble des avantages des outils développés par la communauté de l’informatique graphique. Une preuve de concept de l’insensibilité du temps de calcul au nombre de pores de la résolution thermique d’un échangeur poreux par l’utilisation de marches aléatoires conducto-convecto-radiatives sera ainsi présentée. Au-delà de ce résultat, une analyse du comportement de la méthode sur des échangeurs à canaux permettra de classifier des situations d’insensibilité, ou pas, à la complexité des milieux poreux étudiés. La capacité à expliquer les limites de cette insensibilité et le comportement de ce temps de calcul fera alors émerger un concept d’épaisseur thermique homologue à la problématique de l’épaisseur optique en transfert radiatifThe present manuscript deals with the coupling of thermal heat transfers. More precisely, it adresses this coupling by making use of the Monte Carlo method and the sampling of random paths. This choice was made in the perspective of building algorithms that do not present constraints regarding the complexity of the studied geometry. Indeed, the combined use of this kind of statistical approaches, and acceleration tools coming from the image synthesis community, already allowed for an exact resolution of radiative transfer in arbitrary geometries. Regarding diffusive heat transfers, exact results using random paths are only achievable in academic configurations. Thus, approximate random paths are commonly used to account for this kind of thermal transport. Among the possible choices, we will use random paths built on ray tracing, therefore allowing to benefit once again from all the advantages of the tools developed in computer graphics. A proof of concept of the insensitivity of the computation time of the resolution of thermal transfers in porous exchangers to the number of pores by making use of conducto-convecto-radiative random paths will be presented. Beyond this result, an analysis of the behaviour of this method in ducts heat exchangers will allow to clarify when this kind of insensitivity can indeed be observed. This analysis will induce the concept of thermal thickness, by analogy with optical thickness for radiative transfer
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Ben, Moussa Rim. "Contribution to thermal radiation to dust flame propagation : application to aluminium dust explosions." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2401/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse sont consacrés à l’examen du rôle du rayonnement thermique dans le processus de propagation des flammes issues de la combustion des particules d’aluminium dans l’air. Le sujet étant complexe et d’un intérêt industriel, il nécessite de prendre en compte le couplage de nombreux phénomènes physico-chimiques afin de prédire finement les conséquences des explosions de poussières. Une analyse bibliographique approfondie est proposée, concernant les mécanismes d’inflammation et de combustion des particules d’aluminium et aussi concernant les connaissances relatives à la propagation des flammes de poussières. La question spécifique de la nature des échanges thermiques et de l’influence du rayonnement thermique est étudiée. La revue bibliographique souligne les approximations et les hypothèses simplificatrices utilisées dans la littérature permettant donc de définir les pistes d’améliorations. Compte tenu des limitations importantes concernant la physique de ces flammes, un outil de simulation de physique numérique nommé « RADIAN », proche de la simulation numérique directe, a été développé proposant un couplage fin entre les différents modes d’échanges thermiques et la combustion pour modéliser la propagation de la flamme dans un nuage de poussières. La méthode des éléments discrets (MED) est utilisée pour modéliser numériquement les échanges radiatifs entre les particules et les échanges conductifs entre gaz et particules. La méthode des différences finies est utilisée pour modéliser numériquement la conduction thermique dans la phase gazeuse et la combustion. Un modèle radiatif est proposé se basant sur la théorie de Mie sur les interactions rayonnement-particules. Les résultats des simulations sont comparés avec des solutions analytiques et des données expérimentales de la littérature. Mais en plus, une étude expérimentale est aussi conduite afin de mesurer la distribution du flux radiatif devant la flamme et la vitesse de combustion laminaire pour des flammes Méthane-Sic, Méthane-Alumine et Al-air. Un bon accord entre les simulations et les expériences est démontré. La loi de Beer-Lambert relative au transfert radiatif devant le front de flamme s’avère inapplicable et une nouvelle solution analytique est proposée. La présence de particules absorbantes du rayonnement promeut la propagation de la flamme. En particulier, il a été montré expérimentalement et confirmé numériquement que les mélanges riches d’AL-air sont susceptibles d’accélérer rapidementIn this thesis, the role of thermal radiation in aluminum-air flames propagation is studied. The subject being complex and of industrial interest, it requires the coupling of many physiochemical phenomena to accurately predict the consequences of dust explosions. A thorough literature review is proposed about the ignition and the combustion of aluminum particles and about the available theoretical models of dust flames propagation. The specific question of the nature of thermal exchanges and the influence of thermal radiation is studied. The bibliographic review underlines the simplifying assumptions and hypotheses used in the literature making possible the definition of improvement areas. Because of the limited amount of knowledge available to address these questions, a numerical tool “RADIAN” is developed enabling an accurate coupling between the different modes of heat exchange and combustion. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to numerically model the radiative exchanges between particles and the gas-particle thermal conduction. The Finite Difference method is used to numerically model the thermal conduction through the gas phase and combustion. A radiative model based on Mie theory for radiation-particles interactions is incorporated. The results of the simulations are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data. An original experimental study is also conducted to measure the distribution of irradiance ahead of the flame front and the laminar burning velocity for methane-air-Sic, methane-air-alumina and Al-air flames. A good agreement between numerical simulations and experiments is demonstrated. The Beer-Lambert’s law for radiative transfer in front of the flame front is found to be inapplicable and a new analytical solution is proposed. The presence of absorbing particles may promote the flame propagation. In particular, it is shown experimentally and confirmed theoretically/numerically that Al-air rich mixtures are likely to rapidly accelerate
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Rahmanian, Ima. "Thermal and mechanical properties of gypsum boards and their influences on fire resistance of gypsum board based systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/thermal-and-mechanical-properties-of-gypsum-boards-and-their-influences-on-fire-resistance-of-gypsum-board-based-systems(d8eb4bf5-706a-4264-911f-9584ebfbbc83).html.
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Gypsum board assemblies are now widely used in buildings, as fire resistant walls or ceilings, to provide passive fire protection. The fire resistance of such systems is fundamentally due to the desirable thermal properties of gypsum. Yet there is wide variability in reported values of thermal properties of gypsum at high temperatures and a lack of understanding of its integrity in fire. To evaluate the fire protection performance of gypsum board assemblies, it is essential to quantify its thermal properties and obtain information on its mechanical properties at high temperatures. Gypsum boards shrink and crack at high temperatures, and this leads to collapse of parts of the gypsum boards in fire. Fall-off of gypsum in fire affects the fire resistance of the assembly considerably, and cannot be overlooked when evaluating the fire resistance of gypsum board assemblies. The current research proposes a model to define the temperature-dependent thermal properties of gypsum boards at high temperatures. Thermal conductivity of gypsum is considered as the most influential parameter in conduction of heat through gypsum, and a hybrid numerical-experimental method is presented for extracting thermal conductivity of various gypsum board products at elevated temperatures. This method incorporates a validated one-dimensional Finite Difference heat conduction program and high temperature test results on small samples of gypsum boards. Moreover, high temperature mechanical tests have been performed on different gypsum board products; thermal shrinkage, strength and stress-strain relationships of gypsum products at elevated temperatures are extracted for use in numerical mechanical analysis. To simulate the structural performance of gypsum boards in fire, a two-dimensional Finite Element model has been developed in ABAQUS. This model successfully predicts the complete opening of a through-thickness crack in gypsum, and is validated against medium-scale fire tests designed and conducted as part of this research. Gypsum fall-off in fire is a complex phenomenon; however, it is believed that delaying the formation of through-thickness cracking will delay falling off of gypsum in fire, and hence improve the fire resistance of gypsum board assemblies. Finally, a study has been performed on the effects of various detailing parameters in gypsum board wall assemblies, and recommendations are offered for improving the fire resistance of such systems.
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Loussouarn, Thomas. "Maîtrise de la thermique des fours de maintien en fonderie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0105.
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Les fours de maintien à induction sous vide sont utilisés pour la fabrication d'aubes de turbine à l'aide du procédé de fonderie à cire perdue. La maîtrise de la thermique de ce dernier est primordiale afin d'assurer la qualité de la production. Ce travail est composé de 3 grandes parties : la modélisation détaillée du four, la modélisation réduite et l'expérience. Un four axisymétrique et sa charge ont été modélisés numériquement à l'aide des logiciels FlexPDE et COMSOL Multiphysics. Ces modèles utilisent en entrée la puissance consommée par les inducteurs et fournissent en sortie la température en tout point du module de chauffe et de la charge. Les modèles réduits étudiés sont des modèles physiques dit convolutifs (enthalpique (0D), analytique de dimension 1 (1D)) et paramétrique de type AutoRégressifs avec variables eXogènes (ARX). Les modèles ARX ont été comparés aux modèles convolutifs (procédures d'identification, puis de validation, de modèles). L'objectif est d'accéder à des températures en certains points du four sans présence d'un capteur physique local (capteur virtuel). Les modélisations détaillées et réduites ont été comparées à des expériences réalisées sur four de production. Cette dernière partie n'est pas décrite dans ce mémoireVacuum holding induction furnaces are used for the manufacturing of turbine blades by loss wax foundry process. Heat transfer control in a holding furnace is crucial to ensure the quality of manufacturing. This work has 3 major parts, which are the detailed modelling, reduced modelling and experiments. An axyisymmetric furnace and its load have been numerically modelled using FlexPDE and COMSOL Multiphysics, finite element codes. Modelling takes as inputs the electric power consumed by inductors and gives the temperature field in the heating module. The studied reduced models are phyisical convolutive models (enthalpic (0D), 1 dimension analytical (1D)) and parametric like AutoRegressive with eXogeneous inputs (ARX). ARX models have been compared to convolutive models (identification, validation). The goal is to get temperatures in the heating module without local presence of physical sensors (virtual sensor). Detailed and reduced models have been compared to experiments on the furnace. This last part is not described in this document
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Low, Zi Kang. "Matériaux cellulaires isolants haute température : Relation microstructure-propriétés." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI122.
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Cette thèse CIFRE réalisée en collaboration avec Saint-Gobain Research Provence porte sur la modélisation des propriétés thermiques d’une mousse d’alumine NorFoam XPure®, conçue pour l’isolation thermique haute température (1200°C–1700°C). L’objectif est de développer et valider des modèles numériques multiéchelles pour calculer le transfert de chaleur par conduction et rayonnement dans cette mousse, à partir des microstructures 3D tomographiées et des propriétés intrinsèques des composants. La mousse étant composée des cellules ouvertes et d’un squelette solide lui-même poreux, la prise en compte de l’influence de cette double porosité est particulièrement novatrice. Dans un premier temps, le transfert thermique par conduction à travers la mousse est modélisé avec des techniques d’homogénéisation par éléments finis. Il est démontré que des conditions aux limites périodiques couramment utilisées ne sont pas adaptées aux mousses tomographiées, et qu’un jeu de conditions aux limites mixtes permet d’obtenir des résultats plus précis sur ces dernières. Quant au transfert radiatif à travers le squelette poreux, qui présente une forte diffusion volumique avec des phénomènes ondulatoires, le développement d’une nouvelle approche de modélisation basée sur l’approximation dipolaire discrète permet de prendre en compte l’influence desdits phénomènes. Les propriétés radiatives de la mousse sont ensuite calculées par méthode de lancer de rayons en tenant compte du comportement radiatif complexe du squelette poreux. L’influence des phénomènes de réflexion et réfraction non-spéculaires aux interfaces entre le squelette et les cellules a été étudiée. Enfin, une modélisation numérique basée sur les techniques d’homogénéisation permet de calculer le transfert thermique à travers la mousse, avec couplage de la conduction et du rayonnement. Le bon accord entre les résultats issus de chaque modèle et les mesures thermiques et optiques réalisées sur la mousse et le squelette poreux confirme le caractère prédictif des modèles développésThis CIFRE doctoral study, performed in collaboration with Saint-Gobain Research Provence, aims to model the thermal properties of NorFoam XPure®, an alumina foam designed for high temperature thermal insulation (1200°C–1700°C). The goal is to develop and validate multiscale numerical models to compute the conductive and radiative heat transfer through the foam from 3D tomography-reconstructed microstructures and the intrinsic properties of each constituent phase. Specific attention is given to the complex porosity in the studied foam: in addition to the open-cell network, smaller pores are also found within the foam skeleton. Novel approaches are proposed in the present work to take into account the influence of this dual-scale porosity. Firstly, effective heat conduction through the foam is modeled with finite element homogenization techniques. It is demonstrated that the commonly used periodic boundary conditions are unsuitable for tomography-reconstructed foams, and that a set of mixed boundary conditions gives more accurate and precise results for such foams. As radiative transfer through the porous foam skeleton is characterized by high volume scattering and significant wave effects, a novel physical optics approach based on the discrete dipole approximation is next developed to model the influence of these phenomena. The radiative properties of the foam are then determined through a ray tracing method that takes into account the complex radiative behavior of the porous foam skeleton. The influence of non-specular reflection and refraction at the interfaces between the foam cells and skeleton is studied. Finally, the homogenized properties are applied to simulate the coupled conductive and radiative heat transfer through the foam. The model predictions are systematically compared to thermal and spectroscopic measurements performed on samples of the foam and the foam skeleton material. The good agreement between numerical and experimental results confirms the predictive capabilities of the models developed in this study
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Tapachès, Émeric. "Estimation du potentiel de la technologie solaire thermodynamique à concentration en climat non désertique - Application à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0011/document.
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Le travail de recherche présenté s'inscrit pleinement dans les préoccupations énergétiques de la Réunion, en proposant d'évaluer le potentiel de la technologie solaire thermodynamique avec ou sans système à concentration en zone tropicale et les réseaux électriques non interconnectés. Le solaire thermodynamique désigne la production d'électricité à partir du rayonnement solaire via un cycle thermodynamique. En soumettant le cycle thermodynamique à une source « froide » (eau ou air ambiant) et une source « chaude » générée par des capteurs solaires l'on obtient un travail mécanique en sortie de turbine. En couplant la turbine à un alternateur de l'électricité est produite. Utilisation de capteurs à faible ou sans concentration permettent de diminuer le seuil de rentabilité des installations solaires thermodynamiques. Dans ce cas, ce type de technologie n'est plus réservé aux climats désertiques ou méditerranéens. Une étude préliminaire montre qu'elles sont exploitables en zone tropical. De plus, le couplage de l'installation à des systèmes de stockage thermique ou à des installations d'appoint utilisant de la biomasse par exemple permet de produire une énergie électrique de façon continue. Ce projet de recherche à pour but de définir les technologies adéquates, étudier finement les microclimats locaux propices à ces technologies et de réaliser un modèle numérique pour l'étude des conditions d'opération des installations solaires thermodynamiques. Ce projet permettra d'explorer une filière énergétique d'avenir et développer une expertise locale qui contribuera au rayonnement de la Réunion dans la zone océan IndienThis thesis focuses on the study of the direct solar resource received in Reunion and numerical modeling of a solar power plant consists of: 1 / a field of linear Fresnel collectors in which circulates synthetic oil; 2 / two sensible heat storage tanks; 3 / an organic Rankine cycle. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of such power plant in the island area identified as suitable.To meet this goal, several studies have been conducted: (i) a beam solar radiation map of Reunion was made from satellite images of MeteoSat 7. This map was used to assess the availability of this resource; (ii) a new global-to-diffuse irradiance decomposition model was made from based-ground measurements at Saint-Pierre. This model is based on the representation of higher probabilities of occurrence of the diffuse fraction; (iii) the geometry of the solar collector and beam solar irradiance were modeled from an existing ray-tracing code. This code has been used, firstly, to dimension the collector using an optimization method. And secondly, to develop a fast method in order to simulate absorbed flux distribution on the linear receiver elements; (iv) unsteady-state heat transfers within the solar collector was modeled with a nodal approach; (v) annual electricity production of the power plant running in the south of the island was simulated with a monitoring and control strategy relevant for the demand of the local electricity grid.The models that have been developed during this thesis are design support tools and allow the study of control strategies control of solar power plants with linear Fresnel collector
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Gonneau, Vincent. "Modélisation du transfert thermique par marcheurs browniens dans des milieux hétérogènes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST022.
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Ce travail porte sur la modélisation par marcheurs browniens du transfert conductif instationnaire au sein d’un milieu hétérogène. Le milieu est représenté par une structure voxélisée 3D. Chaque marcheur transporte une enthalpie élémentaire au cours de son déplacement. Ce mouvement d’enthalpie représente le flux conductif et permet de simuler la conduction en régime transitoire de façon quantitative. Une étude a montré l’importance du choix du pas de temps du calcul. Une valeur empirique de ce paramètre, dépendant du pas spatial et de la diffusivité des constituants, a été établie, permettant de modéliser correctement la conduction dans chacun des régimes de transfert. Plusieurs problèmes liés au comportement des marcheurs ont dû être résolus pour pouvoir modéliser deux techniques expérimentales de caractérisation thermique bien connues : la technique dite de la plaque chaude gardée et la méthode flash. Une condition de température imposée est modélisée par un réservoir dont le nombre de marcheurs est régulé. Une condition de paroi adiabatique impose une réflexion spéculaire aux marcheurs. Un critère stochastique de transmission basé sur les effusivités a été établi pour traiter la rencontre d’un marcheur avec une interface entre deux constituants d’un milieu hétérogène. La gestion des pertes convectives aux frontières du domaine de calcul se base également sur un critère de transmission faisant intervenir l’effusivité du constituant, le pas de temps et le coefficient d’échange convectif. Une condition de flux imposé, de profil temporel quelconque, se traduit par une injection de marcheurs à travers la frontière concernée. L’association complexe de ces briques a permis de modéliser le transfert thermique instationnaire dans des structures hétérogènes voxélisées. La comparaison de nos résultats à ceux issus d’approches plus classiques a permis de valider la capacité de notre modèle à caractériser les propriétés thermiques phoniques de structures virtuelles ou réelles. On conclut ce travail en posant les bases d’une stratégie de simulation du couplage conducto-radiatif à l’échelle locale de la structure voxélisée : l’apport énergétique du rayonnement est modélisé par un terme source de puissance volumique dans les voxelsThis work deals with the modeling of transient conduction heat transfer by brownian walkers within a heterogenous medium. The medium is described by a 3D voxelised structure. Each walker carries an elementary enthalpy during its movement. This enthalpy motion represents the thermal flux and allows to solve quantitatively the transient thermal conduction. A study demonstrates the importance of the time step chosen in the simulations. An empirical value of this parameter, based on the spatial resolution and the thermal diffusivities of the constituents, has been established to model accurately the conduction at each step of the heat transfer. Several problems related to the behavior of the walkers had to be solved to model two well-known experimental thermal characterization techniques: the hot guarded plate technique and the flash method. An imposed temperature condition is modeled by a reservoir where the number of walkers is regulated. An adiabatic wall condition imposes a specular reflection to the walkers. A stochastic transmission criterion, based on the thermal effusivities, was established to treat the behavior of a walker at voxel-voxel interface between two different constituents. Convective losses at a boundary of the numerical structure are represented by an analogous stochastic transmission criterion involving the effusivity, the convective exchange coefficient and the time step. An imposed thermal flux condition, of any temporal profile, is modeled by an injection of walkers through the boundary. The complex combination of these computing blocks allowed to model transient heat transfer within voxelised heterogeneous structures. The comparison between our results and those issued from more classical approaches allowed to validate the ability of our model to characterize the phonic thermal properties of virtual and real structures. We conclude this PhD work with preliminary activities aiming at the simulation of conduction-radiation coupling at the voxel scale of the structure: the radiative contribution is modeled by an internal power source term within the voxels
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Genco, Ondřej. "Využití uhlíkových kompozitů k pasivnímu chlazení v oblasti kosmického průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417430.
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The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.
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Niezgoda, Mathieu. "Modélisation du transfert thermique au sein de matériaux poreux multiconstituants." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829217.
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Le CEA travaille sur des matériaux poreux - alvéolaires, composites, céramiques, etc. - et cherche à optimiser leurs propriétés pour des utilisations spécifiques. Ces matériaux, souvent composés de plusieurs constituants, ont en général une structure complexe avec une taille de pores de quelques dizaines de microns. Ils sont mis en oeuvre dans des systèmes de grande échelle, supérieure à leurs propres échelles caractéristiques, dans lesquels on les considère comme équivalents à des milieux homogènes, sans prendre en compte sa microstructure locale, pour simuler leur comportement dans leur environnement d'utilisation.Nous nous intéressons donc à la caractérisation des propriétés thermiques effectives de matériaux à microstructure hétérogène en cherchant à déterminer par méthode inverse en fonction de la température la diffusivité thermique qu'ils auraient s'ils étaient homogènes.L'identification de la diffusivité de matériaux poreux et/ou semi-transparents est rendue difficile par le couplage conducto-radiatif fort qui peut se développer rapidement dans ces milieux avec une augmentation de la température. Nous avons donc modélisé le transfert de chaleur couplé conducto-radiatif en fonction de la température au sein de matériaux poreux multiconstituants à partir de leur microstructure numérisée en voxels. Notre démarche consiste à nous appuyer sur la microstructure 3D obtenue par tomographie. Ces microstructures servent de support numérique à cette modélisation qui permet d'une part de simuler tout type d'expériences thermiques numériques - en particulier la méthode flash dont les résultats nous permettent de déduire la diffusivité thermique -, et d'autre part de reproduire le comportement thermique de ces échantillons dans leur condition d'utilisation.
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Zajíček, Václav. "Vytápění bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392215.
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The thesis is composed of three parts - theoretical, computational and a project part. The theoretical part deals with heat sharing through conduction, flow and radiation. The computational part is focused on the overall calculation of the heating system to operate smoothly and reliably. Three gas condensing boilers are designed as a source of heat. The heating of the water is solved as a reservoir. It's source of heat is one gas condensation boiler. The project part contains a technical report and the project documentation on the stage of the implementation dossier.
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Vaníček, Jan. "Termomechanický model pneumatiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445170.
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This diploma thesis is about thermomechanics of passenger car tires. The research part dealing with existing tire models is followed by the practical part. The practical part is based on the designs of thermomechanical models. The first model determines a dependence of temperature on the air pressure inside a tire when a temperature changes. The second thermomechanical model captures all the heat fluxes which affect a tire while a vehicle is in motion. The third thermomechanical model calculates temperatures of parts of the tire during driving tests. All models are programmed in MATLAB.
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Laaroussi, Najma. "Contribution à la simulation numérique des transferts de chaleur par conduction, rayonnement et convection thermosolutale dans des cavités." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345711.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la simulation numérique des transferts de chaleur par conduction dans les parois, par rayonnement et par convection thermosolutale dans des cavités fermées ou dans des conduites. Dans la plupart des cas pratiques, les trois modes de transfert de chaleur sont fortement couplés lorsque le fluide en mouvement est un mélange de gaz. Le transfert de chaleur par convection naturelle associé à la condensation surfacique dans une cavité à deux dimensions, remplie d'air humide a été étudié numériquement. Les parois verticales, d'épaisseur finie, sont en contact avec une ambiance extérieure froide. La modélisation faiblement compressible permet à la fois de tenir compte de la diminution de la masse du mélange et de la pression thermodynamique. Egalement, une étude de la convection mixte associée à l'évaporation d'un film liquide ruisselant sur les deux parois d'un canal vertical a été menée. Les effets des forces d'Archimède thermique et solutale sur le développement de l'écoulement ont été montrés. Les résultats ont été obtenus en considérant que les propriétés du mélange sont constantes ou basées sur la règle d'un tiers. Deux mélanges binaires de gaz parfaits air-vapeur et air-hexane ont été considérés en vertu de diverses conditions aux limites
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Šot, Petr. "Ověření tepelně-izolační vlastnosti termoreflexních fóliových izolací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226729.
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The master´s thesis deals with verification of thermal insulating property of thermoreflection foil insulations. The teoretical part of thesis focuses on the energy demand of buildings, the problems of heat transfer material, terms required for study of thermoreflection thermal insulation and experimental methods for determination of thermal insulating properties of insulators. In the next part the chapter is accompanied by an overview of the most common insulation materials which used in construction. The last part of teoretical part is devoted to the description of thermoreflect formation and analysis of the spread of thermal insulating layers of thermoreflection thermal insulation. The first part of thesis is devoted to the use of thermoreflection therm insulation in buildings. The second part of thesis is devoted to the design, assembly and calibration of the measuring device that uses a method of protected warm chamber. It is declared as a binding method of detection of the heat transfer performance of thermoreflection thermal insulation. The developed measuring device allows detection of endpoints in some direction of propagation of heat. Measurment of heat transfer coefficient devoted the third part of practical part. This part contains a description of the samples used for the measurement of the heat transfer coefficient. In the fourth chapter of the practical part are presented the results of the heat transfer coefficient measurments on selected samples of thermoreflection foil insulation. It is shown the characteristic of heat transfer coefficient of individual samples, the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the position of the sample in the measuring device and the recommendation of an appropriate use of sample in the works for the climatic conditions of the Czech republic. The work concludes the chapter of comparing and evaluating of all samples with practical recommendations.
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Dulong, Jean-Luc. "Etude de la fonction diélectrique infrarouge de métaux nobles à haute température, par réflectométrie différentielle." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066397.
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Conception et mise au point d'un appareil permettant de mesurer la différence de réflectivité entre un échantillon chauffé jusqu'à 600°C et un échantillon à température ambiante dans un domaine spectral allant de 1,5 à 10 microns. Etude des interactions électron-phonon et électron-électron dans l'argent et le cuivre à partir de leurs propriétés optiques dans l'infrarouge. Influence des défauts de volume et de surface. Détermination de l'indice complexe de couches minces peu absorbantes, dans l'infrarouge.