Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conductor sag

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Conductor sag'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Conductor sag"

1

H., M. Luqman, N. R. Baharom M., A. M. Jamail N., et al. "Conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (2020): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1863.

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This paper presents conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia. Increasing industrialization and population growth around the world demands higher electricity supply. Power generation has yet to decline but transmitting sufficient electricity to consumers is worrisome due to scarce land space occupied by rapid urbanization. Hence reconductoring method was chosen to improve existing 132 kV overhead transmission line in Malaysia. A group of selected conductors were chosen for comparison where the high temperature low sag conductor stood out the most producing up to 40% sag reduction. This paper focuses on providing conductor alternatives to improve maximum sag of lowest conductor to ground for 132 kV transmission line in Malaysia in accordance to her climate and geographical factor.
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Bedialauneta, Miren T., Elvira Fernandez, Igor Albizu, and A. Javier Mazon. "Sag-tension evaluation of high-temperature gap-type conductor in operation." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 16, no. 1 (2021): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12288.

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Low-sag conductors are characterised by their ability to operate above the “knee-point temperature” (KPT). Sag-tension performance must be calculated while designing a new overhead line. The ampacity limit of the conductor is influenced by the sag and the temperature of the conductor. The maximum sag must be limited to a certain value to ensure a safe clearance between the conductor and ground. In this study, a gap-type conductor in operation was monitored to evaluate the actual KPT. The KPT in low-sag conductors is a crucial factor since it affects the sag of the conductor, which must be limited for safety reasons. The KPT was detected based on the change in the coefficient of thermal expansion value of the conductor. To perform this detection, the conductor tension and temperature were monitored. This study proposes a procedure to estimate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value. The results showed a gradual displacement in CTE. This procedure was used to perform measurements in a pilot line.
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Luqman, H. M., M. N. R. Baharom, N. A. M. Jamail, et al. "Conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1863.

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This paper presents conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia. Increasing industrialization and population growth around the world demands higher electricity supply. Power generation has yet to decline but transmitting sufficient electricity to consumers is worrisome due to scarce land space occupied by rapid urbanization. Hence reconductoring method was chosen to improve existing 132 kV overhead transmission line in Malaysia. A group of selected conductors were chosen for comparison where the high temperature low sag conductor stood out the most producing up to 40% sag reduction. This paper focuses on providing conductor alternatives to improve maximum sag of lowest conductor to ground for 132 kV transmission line in Malaysia in accordance to her climate and geographical factor.
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Fernandez, Elvira, Igor Albizu, Miren T. Bedialauneta, A. Javier Mazon, and Agurtzane Etxegarai. "Field validation of gap-type overhead conductor creep." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 105 (September 11, 2018): 602–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.09.006.

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Gap-type overhead conductor sag-tension calculations based on experimental conductor creep tests are based on stress-strain and metallurgical creep tests. Although for bi-metallic conductors, these tests are carried out for both the core and the full conductor, for gap-type overhead conductors the aluminum metallurgical creep is usually neglected and the full conductor metallurgical creep is not carried out. The purpose of the presented study is the validation of these calculation methods. For this purpose, field measurements have been obtained in a pilot line in operation. The gap-type conductor installation process has been measured and the conductor creep has been monitored during three years of line operation. In order to model relevant events such as the pre-sagging and sagging steps during the installation, and ice and wind events during the operation, a flexible sag-tension calculation method has been used. Besides, the widely used graphical sag-tension method has also been evaluated, obtaining similar results as the flexible method. The tension-decrease is used as the indicator of the creep. The calculated and measured tension-decrease values are close. Therefore, it is concluded that the sag-tension calculations based on experimental conductor creep tests are valid to represent the actual creep of the conductor in operation.
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AJAY, KUMAR JHA, and SHRESTHA SAROJ. "APPLICATION OF HIGH CAPACITY CONDUCTORS FOR UPRATING OF EXISTING TRANSMISSION LINES IN NEPAL." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal 4, no. 8 (2018): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1472713.

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Due to high power losses and relieve transmission line from overload operation, Nepal has to upgrade its transmission system. The main objective of this research paper is to investigate technical and financial aspects of uprating existing 132 kV line of Nepal by re-conductoring it with High Temperature Low Sag conductor. For this purpose, electrical, mechanical and financial aspectsare evaluated using Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-738-SA model for conductor capacity derating, Hybrid numerical method for sag calculation and Monte Carlo simulation for sensitivity analysis respectively. The derated capacity of existing conductor and proposed High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) conductors are calculated which are less than manufacturer’s rating. The sag of Aluminium Core Steel Supported (ACSS)-Dove, Thermal-Resistant-Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (TACSR)-Dove and Super Thermal Resistant Aluminium Conductor Invar Reinforced (STACIR) is found to be greater than maximum permissible sag, while Aluminium Conductor Composite Core (ACCC)-Amsterdam, Gap Type-Super thermal Resistant ACSR (GZTACSR)-Hen and Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced (ACCR)-Oswego with permissible limit. ACCC is evaluated to be the most profitable conductor for re-conductoring. The result shows that capacity of existing line can be increased upto 290% with additional profit. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150778
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Novriandi, Dicky, Azriyenni Azhari Zakri, and Edy Ervianto. "Sag and Tension of 275 kV Transmission Line using Catenary." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 2, no. 3 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.2.3.15-20.

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This research will develop a catenary method to determine the sag and tension analysis on the 275 kV transmission line conductors. The catenary method is dependent on the equation of the weight of the conductor, the maximum tensile stress of the conducting wire, the length of the span, and the maximum sag of the conductor. The method will be used in determining the value of sag and tension with the design of the model using software AutoCAD. The results of research for the same tower sag height of 6.86 m, with a tension of 4610.83 kg and a conductor length of 401.06 m, while sag for the tower is not the same height of 8.14 m, with a tension of 4612.84 kg, and changes in conductor length 401.06 m. The increase in current causes the sag value to increase, when the minimum current sag value is 6.9828 m, and the maximum current sag value increases to 8.44 m. While the tension will decrease along so that temperature is increased the current minimum pressure of 4531.27kg, and at the time of maximum tension of 3749.728kg. Sag and tension are also affected by ambient temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ sags are 6.8621 m and when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ sag increases to 7.793492 m. Tension will decrease with each increase in temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ tension 4610.538 kg when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ the tension is reduced to 4062.345 kg.
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Guo, Deming, Pengyu Wang, Wencheng Zheng, et al. "Investigation of sag behaviour for aluminium conductor steel reinforced considering tensile stress distribution." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (2021): 210049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210049.

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Sag calculation plays an important role in overhead line design. Since the tensile stress of aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) is required for the sag calculation, an analysis on sag behaviour when considering the tensile stress distribution can be very useful to improve the accuracy of sag results. First, this paper analyses the ACSR tensile stress distribution arising from the temperature maldistribution through proposing a new calculation formula. A finite-element analysis (FEA) model of ACSR is conducted for the solution of the new formula. By using the results, the error and limitations of the existing sag calculation methods for ACSR are discussed. As the critical point of sag calculation, knee-point temperature is solved iteratively involving the tensile stress maldistribution phenomenon in aluminium wires. Based on this iterative solution, an improved analytical method for the ACSR sag calculation considering the creep effect is presented and also compared with the hybrid sag method. The results show that these two methods are basically coincident without the consideration of creep effect, while there are non-negligible differences between them as the creep strain is involved. Compared with the existing analytical methods, the improved sag calculation method proposed in this paper can be applied in more extensive situations.
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Niu, Hai Jun, Jing Chao Wang, Yu Ming Dong, Li Xian Zhou, and Xin Min Li. "Research on Calculation Method of Jumper Conductor in Overhead Power Transmission Line." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1600–1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1600.

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On basis of considering influence of rigidity, elastic module, unit weight and section area etc conductor parameters on the jumper conductor, establish the mathematic model of the jumper conductor on basis of Cosserat bar theory, operate MATLAL and call VC++ Compiler to complete research and development of the jumper conductor length calculation software. Through test simulation of the jumper conductor and Xiangjiaba -Shanghai ±800kV DC engineering application, calculate sag and design sag with software which have good consistence, reduce high height operation time and reduce waste of jumper conductor, realize the standardized design and construction of the jumper conductor, which has good application prospect.
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Li, Xin, Zuibing Xie, Linping Zeng, and Long Zhao. "Calculation Methods of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Line Sag Considering Meteorology." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020305.

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Sag is one of the important indicators for judging whether a transmission line is safe. The existing sag calculation method does not consider the temperature difference between conductor strands, causing the calculated results to often deviate from the values measured with a theodolite. In this article, a sag calculation method considering the temperature difference between strands is proposed. First, finite element analysis and experiments were used to analyze the temperature differences between each area and layer of the conductor when the wind blew the conductor, and then a correction calculation model for the conductor sag was proposed. Next, a sag monitoring system based on four-point temperature measurement was designed. Finally, the method was applied to a ±400 kV transmission line in Qinghai Province, China. The results show that after considering the temperature difference in the conductor strands, the error of the sag calculation result is much smaller than that without considering the temperature difference in the conductor strands, and the maximum relative error is reduced from 7.86% to less than 2%.
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Yaroslavsky, Danil, Marat Sadykov, Mikhail Goryachev, Dmitry Ivanov, and Nikolay Andreev. "Methodology Approbation for the Overhead Power Lines Sag Determining by the Period of Conductor Owned Oscillations." Machines 10, no. 8 (2022): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10080685.

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The relevance of the problem is justified and the review of existing methods for determining the overhead line sag by the period of the conductor owned oscillations is conducted. The method of controlling the sag by the period of its own oscillations is briefly presented. The experimental installation for conducting full-scale tests is described, which includes the conductor (64 m), rigid fasteners at the points of conductor suspension, accelerometer, and temperature sensor mounted on the conductor, data from which are processed and recorded by the specialized software. The measurement method is explained with a detailed description. The conductor oscillations spectral analysis is performed. The results of experimental main harmonic frequency measurements, conductor, and changes in the sag are presented. A comparative results analysis showed the efficiency of the proposed method. The described method for determining the sag is easy to use (it is enough to install an accelerometer on the conductor and process data from it) and can be recommended for monitoring the condition of overhead power lines. The correlation of changes in the conductor oscillations spectral harmonics amplitude with temperature was studied. It is found that the correlation coefficient initially increases with the growth of the harmonics number. It is maximal for the ninth harmonic R = −0.9, and then slowly weakens, remaining between 0.9 and 0.8. This property of high-frequency harmonic oscillations can be used in the high-voltage lines condition diagnosis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conductor sag"

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Lindberg, Elisabeth. "The overhead line sag dependence on weather parameters and line current." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168528.

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As the demand for energy increases, as well as the demand for renewable energy, Vattenfall, as network owner, receives many requests to connect new wind power to the grid. The limiting factor for how much wind power that can be connected to the grid is in this case the maximum current capacity of the overhead lines that is based on a line temperature limit. The temperature limit is set to ensure a safety distance between the lines and the ground. This master thesis project is a part of a research project at Vattenfall Research and Development that is examining the possibilities of increasing the allowed current on overhead lines in order to be able to connect more wind power to the existing network. Measured data from two overhead lines in southern Sweden is analyzed and the internal relations between the measured parameters are examined. The measured parameters are overhead line sag, line temperature, ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and line current. The results indicate that there is a big load margin that could be utilized to increase the maximum current as long as further work could show that low winds at line height correlates with low wind at nacelle height. The results show that the sag versus line temperature is approximately linear within the measured temperature range. This means that a real-time-monitoring system measuring the line temperature should give adequate knowledge of the line position to ensure the safety distance. A model for the line temperature as a function of insolation, current, ambient temperature and wind speed has been estimated for one of the lines. Simulations show that a sudden increase in current at a worst-case scenario would give the operators about ten minutes to react before the line reaches the temperature limit.
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Yuan, Weijia. "Second-generation high-temperature superconducting coils and their applications for energy storage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/229754.

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Since a superconductor has no resistance below a certain temperature and can therefore save a large amount of energy dissipated, it is a 'green' material by saving energy loss and hence reducing carbon emissions. Recently the massive manufacture of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials has enabled superconductivity to become a preferred candidate to help generation and transportation of cleaner energy. One of the most promising applications of superconductors is Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems, which are becoming the enabling engine for improving the capacity, efficiency, and reliability of the electric system. SMES systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil. SMES systems have many advantages compared to other energy storage systems: high cyclic efficiency, fast response time, deep discharge and recharge ability, and a good balance between power density and energy density. Based on these advantages, SMES systems will play an indispensable role in improving power qualities, integrating renewable energy sources and energizing transportation systems. This thesis describes an intensive study of superconducting pancake coils wound using second-generation(2G) HTS materials and their application in SMES systems. The specific contribution of this thesis includes an innovative design of the SMES system, an easily calculated, but theoretically advanced numerical model to analyse the system, extensive experiments to validate the design and model, and a complete demonstration experiment of the prototype SMES system. This thesis begins with literature review which includes the introduction of the background theory of superconductivity and development of SMES systems. Following the literature review is the theoretical work. A prototype SMES system design, which provides the maximum stored energy for a particular length of conductors, has been investigated. Furthermore, a new numerical model, which can predict all necessary operation parameters, including the critical current and AC losses of the system, is presented. This model has been extended to analyse superconducting coils in different situations as well. To validate the theoretical design and model, several superconducting coils, which are essential parts of the prototype SMES system, together with an experimental measurement set-up have been built. The coils have been energized to test their energy storage capability. The operation parameters including the critical current and AC losses have been measured. The results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Finally the control system is developed and studied. A power electronics control circuit of the prototype SMES system has been designed and simulated. This control circuit can energize or discharge the SMES system dynamically and robustly. During a voltage sag compensation experiment, this SMES prototype monitored the power system and successfully compensated the voltage sag when required. By investigating the process of building a complete system from the initial design to the final experiment, the concept of a prototype SMES system using newly available 2G HTS tapes was validated. This prototype SMES system is the first step towards the implementation of future indsutrial SMES systems with bigger capacities, and the knowledge obtained through this research provides a comprehensive overview of the design of complete SMES systems.
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Chen, Shelley L. "Programs for calculating high temperature ampacity and sag for overhead electrical conductors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17933.

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Scriboni, Silvia E., Eliana B. Zabala, and Adriana C. Funez. "Conductas del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de su salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería, 2004. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7851.

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El siguiente trabajo se realizó en el Hospital Perrupato del departamento de San Martín en Mendoza, durante el segundo semestre de 2003. Tiene como objetivo fundamental determinar y evaluar el nivel de autocuidado que posee el personal femenino de dicho hospital. Algunas de las variables de estudio fueron: patologías (sobrepeso, anorexia, diabetes, hipertensión, etc.); horas de trabajo semanal; consultas al médico; examen médico anual; automedicación; condiciones de trabajo entre otros. Es una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y trasversal. Para la recolección de datos se recurrió a realizar una encuesta estructurada a un total de 100 enfermeras de los diferentes servicios.<br>Fil: Scriboni, Silvia E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..<br>Fil: Zabala, Eliana B.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..<br>Fil: Funez, Adriana C.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
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van, Rensburg Karel Jensen. "Analysis of arcing faults on distribution lines for protection and monitoring." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15800/1/Karel_van_Rensburg_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis describes an investigation into the influences of arcing and conductor deflection due to magnetic forces on the accuracy of fault locator algorithms in electrical distribution networks. The work also explores the possibilities of using the properties of an arc to identify two specific types of faults that may occur on an overhead distribution line. A new technique using the convolution operator is introduced for deriving differential equation algorithms. The first algorithm was derived by estimating the voltage as an array of impulse functions while the second algorithm was derived using a piecewise linear voltage signal. These algorithms were tested on a simulated single-phase circuit using a PI-model line. It was shown that the second algorithm gave identical results as the existing dynamic integration operator type algorithm. The first algorithm used a transformation to a three-phase circuit that did not require any matrix calculations as an equivalent sequence component circuit is utilised for a single-phase to ground fault. A simulated arc was used to test the influence of the non-linearity of an arc on the accuracy of this algorithm. The simulations showed that the variation in the resistance due to arcing causes large oscillations of the algorithm output and a 40th order mean filter was used to increase the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The same tests were performed on a previously developed fault locator algorithm that includes a square-wave power frequency proximation of the fault arc. This algorithm gave more accurate and stable results even with large arc length variations. During phase-to-phase fault conditions, two opposing magnetic fields force the conductors outwards away from each other and this movement causes a change in the total inductance of the line. A three dimensional finite element line model based on standard wave equations but incorporating magnetic forces was used to evaluate this phenomenon. The results show that appreciable errors in the distance estimations can be expected especially on poorly tensioned di stribution lines.New techniques were also explored that are based on identification of the fault arc. Two methods were successfully tested on simulated networks to identify a breakingconductor. The methods are based on the rate of increase in arc length during the breaking of the conductor. The first method uses arc voltage increase as the basis of the detection while the second method make use of the increase in the non-linearity of the network resistance to identify a breaking conductor. An unsuccessful attempt was made to identifying conductor clashing caused by high winds: it was found that too many parameters influence the separation speed of the two conductors. No unique characteristic could be found to identify the conductor clashing using the speed of conductor separation. The existing algorithm was also used to estimate the voltage in a distribution network during a fault for power quality monitoring purposes.
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van, Rensburg Karel Jensen. "Analysis of arcing faults on distribution lines for protection and monitoring." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15800/.

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This thesis describes an investigation into the influences of arcing and conductor deflection due to magnetic forces on the accuracy of fault locator algorithms in electrical distribution networks. The work also explores the possibilities of using the properties of an arc to identify two specific types of faults that may occur on an overhead distribution line. A new technique using the convolution operator is introduced for deriving differential equation algorithms. The first algorithm was derived by estimating the voltage as an array of impulse functions while the second algorithm was derived using a piecewise linear voltage signal. These algorithms were tested on a simulated single-phase circuit using a PI-model line. It was shown that the second algorithm gave identical results as the existing dynamic integration operator type algorithm. The first algorithm used a transformation to a three-phase circuit that did not require any matrix calculations as an equivalent sequence component circuit is utilised for a single-phase to ground fault. A simulated arc was used to test the influence of the non-linearity of an arc on the accuracy of this algorithm. The simulations showed that the variation in the resistance due to arcing causes large oscillations of the algorithm output and a 40th order mean filter was used to increase the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The same tests were performed on a previously developed fault locator algorithm that includes a square-wave power frequency proximation of the fault arc. This algorithm gave more accurate and stable results even with large arc length variations. During phase-to-phase fault conditions, two opposing magnetic fields force the conductors outwards away from each other and this movement causes a change in the total inductance of the line. A three dimensional finite element line model based on standard wave equations but incorporating magnetic forces was used to evaluate this phenomenon. The results show that appreciable errors in the distance estimations can be expected especially on poorly tensioned di stribution lines.New techniques were also explored that are based on identification of the fault arc. Two methods were successfully tested on simulated networks to identify a breakingconductor. The methods are based on the rate of increase in arc length during the breaking of the conductor. The first method uses arc voltage increase as the basis of the detection while the second method make use of the increase in the non-linearity of the network resistance to identify a breaking conductor. An unsuccessful attempt was made to identifying conductor clashing caused by high winds: it was found that too many parameters influence the separation speed of the two conductors. No unique characteristic could be found to identify the conductor clashing using the speed of conductor separation. The existing algorithm was also used to estimate the voltage in a distribution network during a fault for power quality monitoring purposes.
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Méndez, Vergaray Juan. "Exposiciones violentas en conductas sociales en estudiantes de secundaria pública, San Juan de Lurigancho." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17621.

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El estudio aborda el problema de las exposiciones violentas consideradas de vulnerabilidad amenazantes que niños y jóvenes imitan, reforzados directamente o indirectamente; mientras que las conductas sociales son la forma como actúan las personas en relación con su entorno y los estímulos que enfrenta. La muestra fue de 455 estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre 13 y 17 años de seis colegios públicos de tercer grado de secundaria de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima; ubicados en zonas alta, media y baja violencia. En el estudio de tipo básico, cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, transversal, correlacional-causal, se utilizaron dos instrumentos válidos y confiables: el “Cuestionario de exposición a la violencia” y la “Batería de socialización” BAS 3 para medir las variables de estudio, previo consentimiento y asentimiento informado, ejecutado en horario de tutoría. Los resultados evidenciaron que la violencia directa afecta el autocontrol con p=0.003<0.05 y el retraimiento social con p=0.033<0.05. La violencia indirecta tiene efectos en la consideración con p=041<0.05 y el autocontrol con p=0.048<0.05. Conclusión, los cambios en la conducta social del autocontrol y retraimiento son explicados por la exposición a la violencia directa; mientras que la exposición a la violencia indirecta explica la conducta social de consideración y autocontrol.
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Torres, Perea Claudia. "La designación de la cabecera de doctrina de san Pedro Calimaya y san Pablo Tepemaxalco." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/111034.

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La presente tesis en un estudio de la designación de la cabecera de doctrina de san Pedro Calimaya y san Pedro Tepemaxalco, fundada en el Valle de Toluca en 1557 en los términos de dos pueblos de indios. El trabajo atiende los motivos que propiciaron la fundación de la doctrina, el proyecto evangelizador propuesto por la Corona hispánica, y las condiciones que permitieron la integración de Calimaya y Tepemaxalco en una cabecera de doctrina: la disponibilidad de recursos naturales, el paisaje, la ubicación geográfica, la condición política, el entreveramiento, así como la diversidad y densidad poblacional.
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GONZALEZ, DE LA CRUZ SONIA 663663, and DE LA CRUZ SONIA GONZALEZ. "Mayordomía y fiesta en honor de San Francisco de Asís en la Vila de San Francisco Tlalcilalcalpan (1960-2015)." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/71067.

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Tesis para obtener el grado de Maestra en Humanidades: Estudios Históricos.<br>Los propósitos fundamentales de esta investigación son contribuir en la construcción del conocimiento histórico, en principio, sobre la concepción y organización de la mayordomía de las fiestas patronales dedicadas a San Francisco de Asís y analizar las transformaciones y permanencias que a nivel interno han sufrido las mayordomías en el periodo de 1960 a 2015, al pasar en términos formales, de una cofradía a mayordomía a nivel socio-local, durante la participación en la fiesta patronal.<br>Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) por la beca proporcionada durante el posgrado
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Flores, Aparco Diana Claudia, and Cachay Elizabeth Guevara. "Comportamiento sexual y uso de anticonceptivos modernos en adolescentes escolares con actividad coital, San Juan de Lurigancho 2004." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2005. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2005/flores_ad/html/index-frames.html.

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“Comportamiento sexual y uso de anticonceptivos modernos en adolescentes escolares con actividad coital - San Juan de Lurigancho 2004” Objetivo: Identificar factores del comportamiento sexual asociados al uso de anticonceptivos modernos (AM) en adolescentes con actividad coital, de acuerdo al sexo. Diseño: Descriptivo transversal. Lugar: Colegios Estatales de SJL. Población y muestra: Escolares del quinto de secundaria. Muestreo sistemático de 689 alumnos. Intervenciones: Aplicación de cuestionario directo anónimo. Datos analizados: factores actuales e históricos del comportamiento sexual, y uso de AM. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y bivariado (p<0.05). Resultados: De 689 encuestas válidas, 32.51% tienen actividad coital. De los - las adolescentes con actividad coital: 39.73% usó algún AM en su primera relación coital (RC); 67.86% utilizó alguna vez un AM; y 46.45% usó algún AM en la ultima RC; 70.98% tiene confianza con su pareja; 56.70% tiene una pareja coital; 45.09% de las RC fueron espontáneas. Se encontró asociación entre: frecuencia de uso de AM y su empleo en la primera RC; uso de AM en la primera RC y el uso de AM en la última RC; entre el uso de AM y, el adecuado conocimiento sobre sexualidad- anticoncepción y confianza con la pareja, sólo en mujeres; y en varones entre planificación de las RC y uso de AM. Conclusiones: Población con alto porcentaje de actividad coital, con poca frecuencia de uso de AM. Con asociación de algunos factores actuales - históricos del comportamiento sexual y uso de AM.
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Books on the topic "Conductor sag"

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. SAE fluid conductors and connectors standards manual. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1998.

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Vlackakis, Nicolas. Houphouet-Boigny: Sage ou conducator, génie des lagunes. Pensée universelle, 1990.

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Hinohara, Shigeaki. 101-sai no kingen. Daiyamondosha, 2013.

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Barrett, Mary Brigid. Shoebox Sam. Zonderkidz, 2011.

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Hinohara, Shigeaki. 100-sai no kingen. Daiyamondosha, 2012.

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Turpin, Nicholas. Sorry Sam. Gingham Dog Press, 2005.

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Hinohara, Shigeaki. 100-sai no kotoba 100-sen. PHP Kenkyūjo, 2011.

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1958-, Bowler K. Christie, and Goldman Dara ill, eds. Who is Sam Harrington? Zonderkidz, 2000.

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Yi, Tʻaek-yong. Kojŏn esŏ palgyŏnhan sam ŭi chihye. Pak Yŏng-nyul Chʻulpʻansa, 2005.

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Gunnasaya, Leckram. Les mauriciens racontent Sai Baba. s.n., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conductor sag"

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Kamboj, Sangeeta, and Ratna Dahiya. "Designing and Implementation of Overhead Conductor Altitude Measurement System Using GPS for Sag Monitoring." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_22.

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Kamboj, Sangeeta, and Ratna Dahiya. "Development of System for GPS Data Transmission to Web Server for Online over Head Conductor Sag Measurement." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27299-8_46.

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Yaroslavsky, Danil Aleksandrovich, Van Vu Nguyen, Marat Ferdinantovich Sadykov, Mikhail Petrovich Goryachev, and Dmitry Alekseevich Ivanov. "Determination of the Conductor Sag According to the Period of Own Harmonic Oscillations, Taking into Account the Difference in Heights of the Suspension Points." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9376-2_7.

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Gupta, Sandeep, and Shashi Kant Vij. "Transmission Line Sag Calculation with Ampacities of Different Conductors." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2035-4_19.

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Stewart, Bonnie. "Twitter as Method: Using Twitter as a Tool to Conduct Research." In The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473983847.n16.

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Stewart, Bonnie. "Twitter as Method: Using Twitter as a Tool to Conduct Ethnographic Research." In The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529782943.n16.

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Çetin, Barbaros, Barιş Çetin, and Kevin D. Cole. "Semi-Analytical Source (SAS) Method for Heat Conduction Problems with Moving Heat Source." In Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Applied Sciences. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429343537-1.

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Albers, Nele, Mark A. Neerincx, Nadyne L. Aretz, Mahira Ali, Arsen Ekinci, and Willem-Paul Brinkman. "Attitudes Toward a Virtual Smoking Cessation Coach: Relationship and Willingness to Continue." In Persuasive Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30933-5_17.

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AbstractVirtual coaches have the potential to address the low adherence common to eHealth applications for behavior change by, for example, providing motivational support. However, given the multitude of factors affecting users’ attitudes toward virtual coaches, more insights are needed on how such virtual coaches can be designed to affect these attitudes in a specific use context positively. Especially valuable are insights that are based on users interacting with such a virtual coach for longer. We thus conducted a study in which more than 500 smokers interacted with the text-based virtual coach Sam in five sessions. In each session, Sam assigned smokers a new preparatory activity for quitting smoking and provided motivational support for doing the activity. Based on a mixed-methods analysis of users’ willingness to continue working and their relationship with Sam, we obtained eight themes for users’ attitudes toward Sam. These themes relate to whether Sam is seen as human or artificial, specific characteristics of Sam (e.g., caring character), the interaction with Sam, and the relationship with Sam. We used these themes to formulate literature-based recommendations to guide designers of virtual coaches for behavior change. For example, letting the virtual coach get to know users and disclose more information about itself may improve its relationship with users.
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Liu, Jinwei, and Qiuna Li. "Research on Prefabricated Building Wall Technology Based on SAR Theory." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_10.

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AbstractThe article introduces the origin of SAR theory and its important guiding role in the research of prefabricated building technology. Based on SAR theory, this paper found that skeleton safety is fundamental in various technologies of prefabricated buildings, and the diversity, functionality, and sustainability of separable components, including wall systems, are the main research directions for future prefabricated building technologies in China. In this paper, the research on prefabricated building wall technology is conducted from the following aspects: Prefabricated building wall support system technology; prefabricated building exterior wall panel technology; Diversity of prefabricated building exterior walls.
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Yang, Min, Zi Yan, Lan Yang, and Ying Zhan. "Insights into Student Assessment Literacy: A Scoping Analysis of SSCI Publications." In SpringerBriefs in Education. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9484-3_2.

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Abstract This scoping review, conducted using the Web of Science database, particularly focusing on SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index) papers, offers an academically analysis of the current research landscape in assessment literacy. Through synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this two-phase review offers valuable insights into student assessment literacy (SAL). Based on key findings presented in this Chapter, we suggest that future research directions should prioritize expanding the breadth and depth of understanding of SAL, with a particular emphasis on experimental and longitudinal studies to track the formation and development of SAL over time. Moreover, exploring innovative interventions by taking account of teacher AL and cross-disciplinary approaches can further enrich the landscape of assessment literacy by synthesizing SAL and teacher AL. These endeavors contribute to not only strengthening theoretical frameworks but also translating findings into practical applications, fostering effective integration of research and practice in educational assessment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Conductor sag"

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Lewis, David. "Evaluation of Transmission Line Sag for Magnetically Induced Voltage on Pipelines in Shared Corridors." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19508.

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Abstract Transmission line phase conductors and overhead wires are affected by sag that vary the distance of these conductors to the earth. This corresponds to a varying separation distance of current carrying phase conductors producing the magnetic fields to parallel pipelines in shared corridors. This paper explores the effects of phase conductors and shield wires’ sag to evaluate the induced voltages on parallel pipelines. Methodologies to consider the sag of the conductors include catenary curves, straight sloped conductors mimicking the maximum and minimum conductor elevations, and uniform conductor elevations. A sampling of typical voltage levels, spans, and transmission line phasing configurations are evaluated utilizing commercial software. The paper provides an explanation of the impacts of sag and provides a reference for considering the inclusion of catenary curve compared to simpler approximations of the conductors for a transmission line. Identification of transmission line configurations that increase the significance of the induced voltages on parallel pipelines helps to improve public and personnel safety in shared corridors.
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Ye, Jufen, Ting Yang, Jianghua Hu, Junyuan Tan, Yiming chen, and Zhixing Dong. "Edge computing model for coupled monitoring of conductor sag and safety distance risk." In 2024 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Smart Grid, edited by Jinsong Wu and Pascal Lorenz. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3049391.

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Xue, Zuchuan, Hualiang Zhou, Hang Zhang, Zhantao Su, and Kezhu Bao. "Development of an Integrated Monitoring System for Conductor Temperature and Sag in Power Transmission Line." In 2024 IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ciycee63099.2024.10846102.

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Yong, Luo, Xu Zhengtao, Yi Liming, Huang Xianxu, and Feng Xibo. "Investigating the Influence of Tension String on Conductor Sag in ±800kV UHV DC Transmission Lines." In 2024 International Conference on Telecommunications and Power Electronics (TELEPE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telepe64216.2024.00055.

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Li, Duanjiao, Feng Zhang, Hao Wang, et al. "Research on Dynamic Assessment for Conductor Sag of Overhead Transmission Lines under Extreme Operating Conditions." In 2024 5th International Symposium on New Energy and Electrical Technology (ISNEET). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isneet64164.2024.10956013.

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McCullough, Colin, Holly Maudsley, Chris Schenian, Stephen Gronseth, and Julio Ruiz. "Environmental Field Trial of an Overhead Power Transmission Conductor in a High Corrosion Rate Coastal Atmosphere in Peru." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09772.

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Abstract The coastal region of Lima, Peru, is an aggressive salt-laden atmosphere classified by ISO 9223 as an S1P1 mixed atmosphere, having high deposition rates of Cl− ions and SO2. Lima has little rain, so the ions are not easily washed away, but instead concentrate with daily fogs. Overhead power transmission conductors in this region are required to be both of all-aluminum constructions (no steel), and to have grease between layers, in order to give longer environmental durability. This paper reports on an ongoing environmental field trial of a high-temperature low-sag ACCR (aluminum conductor composite reinforced) conductor. The conductor contains aluminum and aluminum matrix composite constituents, and for the first time uses a greased configuration. Samples were periodically harvested from the field, and characterized using microscopy and strength testing. A comparison in behavior is drawn between greased and ungreased conductors that shows the beneficial role of the grease between the layers, for protecting the aluminum strands.
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Shamsudin, Mohd Imran, and Nadiah Salwi Hudi. "Experience in Evaluating High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) Conductor For The Future Use of Uprating of Overhead Transmission Lines Towards Supporting The ESG Initiative in Malaysia." In 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/scored64708.2024.10872696.

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Mousavi-Seyedi, Seyed Sina, Mohammad Reza Rezaei, and Mohammad Reza Miveh. "Total Transfer Capability Improvement Using High Temperature Low Sag Conductors." In 2024 32nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee63041.2024.10667832.

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Ghavari, Deepak, and V. Kartik. "Contactless Position Measurement of an Electrical Conductor using GMR Sensors." In 2024 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas60918.2024.10636402.

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Wang, Xiankang, Zhuocheng Liu, Xueming Zhou, Yao Yao, Zhiqiang Feng, and Bo Zhang. "Calculation model of electrical parameters of ground wires considering the sag of both phase conductors and ground wires." In 2024 4th International Conference on Smart Grid and Energy Internet (SGEI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sgei63936.2024.10914074.

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Reports on the topic "Conductor sag"

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Renner, Ernie. Best Manufacturing Practices. Report of Survey Conducted at SAE International and Performance Review Institute, Warrendale, PA. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397899.

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Cadwell, L. L., M. A. Simmons, J. L. Downs, and C. M. Sveum. Sage grouse on the Yakima Training Center: A summary of studies conducted during 1991 and 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147390.

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Eberhardt, L. E., and L. A. Hofmann. Sage grouse on the Yakima Training Center: A summary of studies conducted during 1989 and 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6029071.

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Alexander, Serena, Kyle Laveroni, Maxwell Friedman, and Janani Thiagrajan. Routes to Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Freight Transportation in the City of San José. Mineta Transporation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2237.

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Freight represents approximately 30% of all transportation-related emissions in the U.S., but local climate action plans (CAPs) and freight plans often place limited emphasis on freight emissions reduction strategies. The objective of this report is to examine and present strategies for the City of San José, California to reduce GHG emissions from freight. The authors conducted a geospatial analysis of freight data related to San José, and an analysis of relevant literature and successful freight reduction strategies implemented globally. The report also provides key objectives and generalized strategies to reduce GHG emissions from freight as well as specific recommendations for San José. The analysis and recommendations can guide future transportation planning within San José and help inform other municipalities seeking to reduce their own community wide freight emissions.
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Eisemann, Eve, Catherine Thomas, Matthew Balazik, Damarys Acevedo-Mackey, and Safra Altman. Environmental factors affecting coastal and estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42185.

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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) growing in estuarine and coastal marine systems provides crucial ecosystem functions ranging from sediment stabilization to habitat and food for specific species. SAV systems, however, are sensitive to a number of environmental factors, both anthropogenic and natural. The most common limiting factors are light limitation, water quality, and salinity, as reported widely across the literature. These factors are controlled by a number of complex processes, however, varying greatly between systems and SAV populations. This report seeks to conduct an exhaustive examination of factors influencing estuarine and coastal marine SAV habitats and find the common threads that tie these ecosystems together. Studies relating SAV habitats in the United States to a variety of factors are reviewed here, including geomorphological and bathymetric characteristics, sediment dynamics, sedimentological characteristics, and water quality, as well as hydrologic regime and weather. Tools and methods used to assess each of these important factors are also reviewed. A better understanding of fundamental environmental factors that control SAV growth will provide crucial information for coastal restoration and engineering project planning in areas populated by SAVs.
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Luke, Christina, Sierra Noakes, and Aubrey Francisco. Rapid Cycle Pilots: Using Edtech to Support English Learners. Digital Promise, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/26.

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In 2016-2017 Digital Promise conducted pilots of two different edtech tools to support English Learners in San Diego area school districts. This report shares process and outcome findings to improve the design, selection, and implementation of edtech for English Learners.
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Panagopoulos, Orestis, Gökçe Soydemir, and Xun Xu. Altamont Pass Commuter Study: A Longitudinal Analysis of Perceptions and Behavior Change. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1917.

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The Altamont Pass commuter survey study examines commuters’ perceptions and behaviors towards public transportation during 2019-2020. Results are compared with surveys conducted in 2000 and 2006 to investigate whether there have been any longitudinal changes in the perceptions and behaviors of Altamont Pass commuters over the twenty-year interval. As the previous surveys do, this study focuses on the same three counties, namely, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced that comprise the Northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV). When compared with the previous surveys, these findings reveal some significant differences of responses to most questions, and minor differences of responses to other questions, prompting several important conclusions.
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McHugh, Power, and Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.
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Campbell, Ken. UAV-Related Capabilities of San Diego Area Companies. A Survey Conducted by the Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center RDT and E Division (NRaD). Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389303.

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Kwek, Dennis Beng Kiat. A theory-driven synthesis and evaluation of NIE curriculum and pedagogical innovation and reform research. National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32658/10497/29671.

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There have been increasing calls to determine the impact of educational research in Singapore. "What works" is a key question that has been asked of many programmatic interventions and innovations that attempts to change or improve particular aspects of teaching, schooling and learning. This Start-Up Grant (SUG) application sought to use theory-driven evaluation (TDE) approaches on an important research niche area in NIE- curriculum and pedagogical innovation and reform (CPIR) research. It builds on the understanding of casual mechanisms developed in realist synthesis approaches to evaluate and synthesis CPIR research conducted by NIE.
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