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Journal articles on the topic 'Conductors; Superconductors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Marchevsky, Maxim. "Quench Detection and Protection for High-Temperature Superconductor Accelerator Magnets." Instruments 5, no. 3 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments5030027.

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High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are being increasingly used for magnet applications. One of the known challenges of practical conductors made with high-temperature superconductor materials is a slow normal zone propagation velocity resulting from a large superconducting temperature margin in combination with a higher heat capacity compared to conventional low-temperature superconductors (LTS). As a result, traditional voltage-based quench detection schemes may be ineffective for detecting normal zone formation in superconducting accelerator magnet windings. A developing hot spot may reach high temperatures and destroy the conductor before a practically measurable resistive voltage is detected. The present paper discusses various approaches to mitigating this problem, specifically focusing on recently developed non-voltage techniques for quench detection.

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2

Jérome, D., and H. J. Schulz. "Organic conductors and superconductors." Advances in Physics 51, no. 1 (2002): 293–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018730110116362.

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3

Montambaux, G. "Organic conductors and superconductors." Physica B: Condensed Matter 177, no. 1-4 (1992): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(92)90126-d.

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4

Morrison, Gale. "Superconductors Power Up." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 01 (1999): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jan-1.

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This article reviews the copper cables in Detroit Edison’s Frisbie Station to be retrofit in mid-2000 with high-temperature superconductor (HTS) cables to support a major urban redevelopment project in downtown Detroit. American Superconductor’s partner, Pirelli, is participating in this project. The three HTS cables, weighing 250 pounds, will carry 100 megawatts of power, a job that nine copper cables, with a total weight of 18,000 pounds, are doing. In Germany, Siemens AG has invested hundreds of millions of dollars into researching HTS, because the capability can bring improvements across the German conglomerate’s businesses, from power to transportation to electronic devices. The principal commercial US players are American Superconductor, 3M, and Intermagnetics General. Each has organized efforts to develop commercial processes for manufacturing HTS tape based on coated conductors.

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5

Inokuchi, Hiroo. "Organic semiconductors, conductors and superconductors." International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 8, no. 2-3 (1989): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442358909353225.

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6

AHMEDOV, B. J., and F. J. FATTOYEV. "QUASI-STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS IN CONDUCTORS AND SUPERCONDUCTORS IN SCHWARZSCHILD SPACE–TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 05 (2005): 817–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180500678x.

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The general principles needed to compute the effect of a stationary gravitational field on the quasistationary electromagnetic phenomena in normal conductors and superconductors are formulated from general relativistic point of view. Generalization of the skin effect, that is the general relativistic modification of the penetration depth (of the time-dependent magnetic field in the conductor) due to its relativistic coupling to the gravitational field is obtained. The effect of the gravitational field on the penetration and coherence depths in superconductors is also studied. As an illustration of the foregoing general results, we discuss their application to superconducting systems in the outer core of neutron stars. The relevance of these effects to electrodynamics of magnetized neutron stars has been shown.

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7

Dressel, Martin. "Advances in Organic Conductors and Superconductors." Crystals 8, no. 9 (2018): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8090332.

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Crystalline conductors and superconductors based on organic molecules are a rapidly progressing field of solid-state science, involving chemists, and experimental and theoretical physicists from all around the world[...]

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8

Itahashi, Yuki M., Toshiya Ideue, Yu Saito, et al. "Nonreciprocal transport in gate-induced polar superconductor SrTiO3." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (2020): eaay9120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay9120.

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Polar conductors/superconductors with Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction are potential material platforms for quantum transport and spintronic functionalities. One of their inherent properties is the nonreciprocal transport, where the rightward and leftward currents become inequivalent, reflecting spatial inversion/time-reversal symmetry breaking. Such a rectification effect originating from the polar symmetry has been recently observed at interfaces or bulk Rashba semiconductors, while its mechanism in a polar superconductor remains elusive. Here, we report the nonreciprocal transport in gate-induced two-dimensional superconductor SrTiO3, which is a Rashba superconductor candidate. In addition to the gigantic enhancement of nonreciprocal signals in the superconducting fluctuation region, we found kink and sharp peak structures around critical temperatures, which reflect the crossover behavior from the paraconductivity origin to the vortex origin, based on a microscopic theory. The present result proves that the nonreciprocal transport is a powerful tool for investigating the interfacial/polar superconductors without inversion symmetry, where rich exotic features are theoretically prognosticated.

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9

OGASAWARA, Takeshi. "Conductor design issues for oxide superconductors. II. Exemplification of stable conductors." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 23, no. 4 (1988): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.23.221.

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10

Schöllhorn, R. "From electronic/ionic conductors to superconductors." Solid State Ionics 26, no. 2 (1988): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(88)90038-0.

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11

SCHOLLHORN, R. "From electronic/ionic conductors to superconductors." Solid State Ionics 32-33 (February 1989): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(89)90199-9.

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12

Larbalestier, David C., and Martin P. Maley. "Conductors from Superconductors: Conventional Low-Temperature and New High-Temperature Superconducting Conductors." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 8 (1993): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400037775.

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A useful superconducting conductor must have several properties. Some of the key properties among these are illustrated by the cross section of a Nb-47wt%Ti/Cu composite (Figure 1) which was manufactured for the dipole magnets of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). It represents the state of the art for conventional conductor fabrication and is thus an excellent place to start in considering what is needed for any new conductor. First among the essential properties is a high critical current density (Jc); the lower limit of useful Jc is ~104 A/cm2, but really useful values lie between 105 and 106 A/cm2. The SSC conductor achieves this at fields up to 9 T at 4.2 K, the normal temperature used for magnets cooled by liquid helium.A critical second requirement is that the superconductor be paralleled by an intimately connected good normal conductor, in this case high-conductivity Cu. One function of the Cu is to stabilize the superconductor against small temperature disturbances that lead to flux jumps that could result in local quenching of superconductivity. This requirement forces the subdivision of a given cross section of the superconductor into many filaments having a maximum diameter of no more than about 50 μm, since bigger filaments store more electromagnetic energy than can safely be deposited in the filament without locally heating it above its critical temperature (Tc). One advantage of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials is that they can operate at temperatures above ~10 K. Since the specific heat is a strongly increasing function at low temperatures, this permits the safe filament size to greatly increase too. The need to minimize hysteresis losses, however, often provides a separate drive to minimize the filament diameter, as in the conductor of Figure 1, where there are some 7,000 filaments which are only 6 μm in diameter. The overall Cu:Nb-Ti ratio is about 1.5:1. This represents a compromise between the need to minimize the dilution of the supercurrent density by Cu and the need to provide sufficient high-conductivity normal metal to pass the current when the magnet makes the transition from the superconducting to the normal state (a quench).

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13

Ogasawara, T. "Conductor design issues for oxide superconductors Part 2: exemplification of stable conductors." Cryogenics 29, no. 1 (1989): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(89)90003-9.

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14

Jérome, Denis. "The development of organic conductors: Organic superconductors." Solid State Sciences 10, no. 12 (2008): 1692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.02.001.

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15

Gorshunov, B. P., A. A. Volkov, A. S. Prokhorov, et al. "Terahertz BWO spectroscopy of conductors and superconductors." Quantum Electronics 37, no. 10 (2007): 916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2007v037n10abeh013614.

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16

Pouget, J. P., S. Ravy, and R. Moret. "Organic conductors and superconductors: A comparative survey." Phase Transitions 14, no. 1-4 (1989): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411598908208103.

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17

Kobayashi, Keiji, Carl Th Pedersen, and Jan Becher. "Sulfur Heterocycles for Organic Conductors and Superconductors." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 43, no. 1-2 (1989): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426508908040285.

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18

Jerome, D. "Collective modes in organic conductors and superconductors." Synthetic Metals 19, no. 1-3 (1987): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90364-x.

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19

Chaikin, P. M., W. Kang, S. Hannahs, and R. C. Yu. "Organic conductors and superconductors at high field." Physica B: Condensed Matter 177, no. 1-4 (1992): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(92)90128-f.

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20

Selvamanickam, V., Y. Xie, J. Reeves, and Y. Chen. "MOCVD-Based YBCO-Coated Conductors." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 8 (2004): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.164.

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AbstractMetalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a well-developed deposition process that shows great promise for scaling up the production of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) to quickly fabricate useful lengths of superconducting tapes and wires.The primary advantage of MOCVD is its potential for high tape throughput, a key factor in determining the cost of second-generation HTS tapes.This article details progress in long-length HTS tape fabrication, high-throughput processing, and techniques to improve critical current levels in high magnetic fields.

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21

Gor'kov, L. P. "Organic Conductors and Superconductors in High Magnetic Fields." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 26, S3-3 (1987): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.26s3.1983.

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22

Greaves, C. "Chapter 9. Electronic conductors, including high temperature superconductors." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 87 (1990): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ic9908700167.

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23

Greaves, C. "Chapter 21. Electronic conductors, including high temperature superconductors." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 88 (1991): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ic9918800419.

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24

Greaves, C. "Chapter 21. Electronic conductors, including high temperature superconductors." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 89 (1992): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ic9928900393.

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25

Zimmerman, George, and J. Speickennan. "New Solders for Superconductors, Semiconductors, and Conventional Conductors." Materials and Processing Report 5, no. 12 (1991): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1991.11752416.

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26

Saito, Gunzi, and Yukihiro Yoshida. "ChemInform Abstract: Frontiers of Organic Conductors and Superconductors." ChemInform 44, no. 42 (2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201342269.

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27

Schläfer, Dietrich, Klaus Fischer, Margitta Schubert, and Brigitte Schlobach. "Texture Investigations on High Temperature Superconductors." Textures and Microstructures 24, no. 1-3 (1995): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.24.93.

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The formation of a structure with strong crystallographic texture is an important requirement for high critical current densities at 77 K in high temperature superconductive materials (HTSC). In this work several methods for texture investigation in the superconductive phase of BiPbSrCaCuO/Ag- and YBaCuO/AgPd-composite conductors prepared according to the “powder in tube”-method as well as in YBaCuO-thick layers are presented. For the characterisation of the texture development in dependence on technological steps at the preparation of HTSC-composite conductors the determination of the halfwidth FWHM from the psi-scan or for one-phase specimens the determination of the Lotgering-factor is appropriate, if only a c-axis exists. The measurement of pole figures is necessary to determine, whether a rotation symmetry occurs or an orientation of the (a,b)-directions exists. The use of the omega-scan to determine the half-width is not useful, if the goniometer unit is intended and optimised for phase analysis and therefore the secondary monochromator cannot be relinquished.

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28

Auban-Senzier, P., and D. Jérome. "(TM)2X organic superconductors: prototypes of one-dimensional conductors." Synthetic Metals 133-134 (March 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00241-2.

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29

Grioni, M., I. Vobornik, F. Zwick, and G. Margaritondo. "High-resolution photoemission in low-dimensional conductors and superconductors." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 100, no. 1-3 (1999): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2048(99)00053-5.

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30

DELHAES, P., and L. DUCASSE. "ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Organic Conductors and Superconductors." ChemInform 28, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199706320.

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31

Ravy, S., R. Moret, J. P. Pouget, and R. Comes. "Competition between structural instabilities in organic conductors and superconductors." Physica B+C 143, no. 1-3 (1986): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(86)90191-9.

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32

Tixador, Pascal. "Concepts for HTS and MgB₂ in Transformers." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.195.

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After the emergence of AC NbTi strands, superconducting transformers were successfully built. But the very high cost of 4 K cryogenics made these transformers economically not attractive. The high Tc superconductors (HTS), operating at much higher temperatures, change these conclusions with low cost HTS conductors. The high cost of PIT tapes and the relatively large AC losses remain issues. The second generation HTS wires, the REBCO coated conductors, are under development and achieved substantial progress recently. They operate at higher temperatures and intrinsically show lower AC losses especially for transformers. MgB2 is the third option. The magnetic flux density conditions make possible the operation at 27 K and they show low costs. This paper provides a preliminary design for an on-board 40 MVA transformer using YBCO coated conductors and MgB2 wires. Both superconducting transformers show similar volume and weight. The power density per unit mass and volume is improved by a factor about two, cryogenic included, compared to resistive systems. This makes them very attractive for on-board mobile systems. The economical point of view will be discussed based on some targets price/performance for superconductors and cryocoolers. MgB2 is penalized by its operation at lower temperature (27 K / 77 K), which makes cryogenics very expensive. The advantage of the low cost of MgB2 compared to REBCO may be lost except with very low AC loss MgB2 tapes.

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33

Brooks, J. S. "Organic Conductors and Superconductors: New Directions in the Solid State." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 8 (1993): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003774x.

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In single-crystal organic salts, we find a keen competition between superconducting, magnetic, insulating, and metallic states. The physics of these materials is further enriched by the sensitivity of these states to pressure, temperature, chemical formulation, and magnetic field. A growing international community of scientists have turned their attention to these materials, and are applying the techniques and theories of metal and semiconductor physics to probe these new systems. In this article we will explore these materials. We will discover that these materials have given us many new things: a renaissance in fermiology, new high-magnetic-field states of matter, a bulk quantum Hall effect, new challenges in the calculation of energy bands on a small energy scale, and elusive behavior which seems one step away from our present understanding of physics in low dimensions. Electron correlations probably play an important role in determining the phenomena, and should be considered in more microscopic theoretical treatments of these systems.

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34

Beenakker, C. W. J. "Random-matrix theory of mesoscopic fluctuations in conductors and superconductors." Physical Review B 47, no. 23 (1993): 15763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.15763.

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35

Abdallah Ahmed Elfaki, Amel. "The Effect of Temperature on Conductivity of Conductors and Superconductors." American Journal of Physics and Applications 5, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170501.11.

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36

Larsson, Sven. "Electronic and vibrational structure of one-dimensional conductors and superconductors." Faraday Discuss. 131 (2006): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b506642p.

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37

Jérome, D., F. Creuzet, and C. Bourbonnais. "A survey of the physics of organic conductors and superconductors." Physica Scripta T27 (January 1, 1989): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1989/t27/023.

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38

Gervais, Francois, RicardoP S. M. Lobo, Marina Licheron, and Francisco J. Gotor. "Temperature dependence of reflectivity spectra of oxide conductors and superconductors." Ferroelectrics 177, no. 1 (1996): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199608216957.

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39

Schöllhorn, Robert. "From Electronic/Ionic Conductors to Superconductors: Control of Materials Properties." Angewandte Chemie 100, no. 10 (1988): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19881001047.

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40

Schöllhorn, Robert. "From Electronic/Ionic Conductors to Superconductors: Control of Materials Properties." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 27, no. 10 (1988): 1392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198813921.

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41

Chang, Nolanne A, Jacob J Richardson, Paul G Clem, and Julia W P. Hsu. "Additive Patterning of Conductors and Superconductors by Solution Stamping Nanolithography." Small 2, no. 1 (2006): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500264.

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42

Wallis, John D., Andreas Karrer, and Jack D. Dunitz. "Chiral metals? A chiral substrate for organic conductors and superconductors." Helvetica Chimica Acta 69, no. 1 (1986): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19860690110.

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43

Golovnya, A. V., V. Ya Pokrovskii, S. G. Zybtsev, and I. G. Gorlova. "Thermal expansion measurements of whiskers of superconductors and Peierls conductors." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 131 (December 2005): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2005131086.

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44

Helberg, H. W. "Network of the intermolecular contacts in organic conductors and superconductors." Synthetic Metals 19, no. 1-3 (1987): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90363-8.

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45

TAKAHASHI, S., A. E. KOVALEV, S. HILL, et al. "FERMI SURFACE STUDIES OF QUASI-1D and QUASI-2D ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS USING PERIODIC ORBIT RESONANCE IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 27n29 (2004): 3499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204026895.

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We have studied periodic orbit resonances (PORs) in order to probe the topology of the Fermi surface (FS) of the quasi-1D organic conductor ( TMTSF )2 ClO 4 and the quasi-2D organic conductors κ-( ET )2 Cu ( NCS )2 and κ-( ET )2 I 3. The FS of ( TMTSF )2 ClO 4 consists of a pair of weakly corrugated open sheets, while κ-( ET )2 Cu ( NCS )2 and κ-( ET )2 I 3 additionally possess warped cylindrical FS sections. In this paper, we review the POR technique for the straightforward case of ( TMTSF )2 ClO 4. We then report on a detailed study of the FS topology for κ-( ET )2 Cu ( NCS )2.

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46

Patel, Dipak, Akiyoshi Matsumoto, Hiroaki Kumakura, et al. "MgB2 for MRI applications: dual sintering induced performance variations in in situ and IMD processed MgB2 conductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 7 (2020): 2507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06114b.

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47

Zhang, Hongye, Zezhao Wen, Francesco Grilli, Konstantinos Gyftakis, and Markus Mueller. "Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082234.

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Superconductor technology has recently attracted increasing attention in power-generation- and electrical-propulsion-related domains, as it provides a solution to the limited power density seen by the core component, electrical machines. Superconducting machines, characterized by both high power density and high efficiency, can effectively reduce the size and mass compared to conventional machine designs. This opens the way to large-scale purely electrical applications, e.g., all-electrical aircrafts. The alternating current (AC) loss of superconductors caused by time-varying transport currents or magnetic fields (or both) has impaired the efficiency and reliability of superconducting machines, bringing severe challenges to the cryogenic systems, too. Although much research has been conducted in terms of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of AC loss and its reduction methods, AC loss remains a crucial problem for the design of highly efficient superconducting machines, especially for those operating at high speeds for future aviation. Given that a critical review on the research advancement regarding the AC loss of superconductors has not been reported during the last dozen years, especially combined with electrical machines, this paper aims to clarify its research status and provide a useful reference for researchers working on superconducting machines. The adopted superconducting materials, analytical formulae, modelling methods, measurement approaches, as well as reduction techniques for AC loss of low-temperature superconductors (LTSs) and high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) in both low- and high-frequency fields have been systematically analyzed and summarized. Based on the authors’ previous research on the AC loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors (CCs), stacks, and coils at high frequencies, the challenges for the existing AC loss quantification methods have been elucidated, and multiple suggestions with respect to the AC loss reduction in superconducting machines have been put forward. This article systematically reviews the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of AC loss as well as its reduction techniques in superconductors applied to electrical machines for the first time. It is believed to help deepen the understanding of AC loss and deliver a helpful guideline for the future development of superconducting machines and applied superconductivity.

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48

Nakazawa, Y., and S. Kruchinin. "Experimental and theoretical aspects of thermodynamic properties of quasi-1D and quasi-2D organic conductors and superconductors." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 17 (2018): 1840036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400362.

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We deal with thermodynamic features of organic conductors and superconductors where itinerant [Formula: see text]-electrons/holes released from organic molecules are playing essential roles for electronic properties. Since they are low-dimensional electronic systems with relatively soft lattice framework, they show variety of phenomena related to electron correlations and electron–lattice coupling. The drastic changes of conductive and magnetic properties owing to quantum features of [Formula: see text]-electrons can be induced by external perturbations such as magnetic/electric field, pressure, etc. It is especially emphasized that the possible mechanism and relation with other phenomena of the superconductivity in [Formula: see text]-electrons system remains to be one of the interesting research areas in fundamental condensed matter science. In this review paper, we consider several topics of organic conductors and superconductors from the standpoints of thermodynamic experiments, data analyses and theories performed up to now. Starting from the overall picture of the electronic states in charge transfer complexes, thermodynamic properties of the quasi-one-dimensional systems, quasi-two-dimensional systems and [Formula: see text]–d interacting systems are reviewed. The thermodynamic parameters of the superconductive compounds in them are compared and discussed. The relations with crystal structures, electronic states, phase diagram and other experiments are also discussed in comparison with these thermodynamic properties. The possible pairing symmetries in organic superconductors and some models are mentioned in the last part. This review deals with a wide scope of theoretical and experimental topics in superconductivity in molecule-based conductive systems.

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49

Shiohara, Yuh, Masateru Yoshizumi, Yuji Takagi, and Teruo Izumi. "Future prospects of high Tc superconductors-coated conductors and their applications." Physica C: Superconductivity 484 (January 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2012.03.058.

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50

Dyachenko, D. A., S. V. Konovalikhin, V. V. Gritsenko, R. N. Lyubovskaya, and R. B. Lyubovskii. "Structural design of organic conductors and superconductors with mercury-containing anions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (1993): c297—c298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378091709.

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