Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conduite addictive'
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Pennel, Lucie. "Intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires répétées : une conduite addictive plutôt que suicidaire. Phénotypage clinique et modélisation comportementale par une approche dimensionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV025.
Full textRepeated Self-poisoning (RSP) constitute an under evaluated but growing public health problem, treated as a suicidal rather than an addictive behavior. Our work brings arguments by showing that suicides involving alcohol are mainly by self-poisoning and correspond to deliberate self-harm syndrome; repeat suicide attempters are identified by a neuroticism and anxious attachment typically found in addicts; even suicidal RSP shows addictive behavior involving medicines; the best predictor of self-poisoning is having thought about it. Conceptualized through a translational approach and supported by pharmacological arguments, we propose a multidimensional model of suicidal behaviors, that could integrate the continuum of addictive behaviors. This confirms the initial hypothesis and the viability of a transnosographic concept for diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses
Airagnes, Guillaume. "Vie professionnelle et conduites addictives (alcool, tabac, cannabis, mésusage en benzodiazépines) dans la cohorte Constances." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV042.
Full textThe overall objective was to explore the links between addictive behaviours (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, benzodiazepines) and different aspects of occupational life (i.e. job stress, emotional demand, job loss) using data from the CONSTANCES research infrastructure.This general objective has been operationalized into five distinct objectives:(1) Estimate the prevalence of substance use in the general population according to socio-demographic and clinical factors,(2) Examine the longitudinal associations between job stress and benzodiazepine long-term use,(3) Examine the cross-sectional associations between emotional job demand and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use,(4) Examine the cross-sectional associations between emotional job demand and benzodiazepine long-term use,(5) Examine the longitudinal associations between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and job loss.1. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use in the general population have been estimated. The prevalence of benzodiazepine long-term use in 2015 was of 2.8 % (CI 95 % : 2.3-3.4) in men and 3.8 % (CI 95 % : 3.3-4.5) in women (n=9 535).2. There were dose-dependent relationships between job stress, as measured by the effort-reward imbalance, and the risk of benzodiazepine long-term use over a two-year follow-up (n=31 077), with an OR = 2.18 (CI 95 % : 1.50-3.16) for the most stressed compared to the least stressed subjects, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, alcohol and tobacco smoking use, depression and self-rated health status.3. There were significant associations between emotional job demand, measured by the stressful exposure to the public in the workplace, and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (n=23 641). Regarding alcohol use, emotional job demand was associated in men with an increased risk of heavy episodic drinking more than once a month(OR = 1.29 (CI 95 % : 1.10-1.51), and in women with an increased risk of high or very high weekly consumption (OR = 1.59 (CI 95 % : 1.12-2.25) as well as with alcohol use disorder(OR = 2.30 (CI 95 % : 1.54-3.44).4. There were dose-dependent relationships between emotional job demand and benzodiazepine long-term use, adjusting for age, education level and social deprivation index (n=33 195). ORs were 2.3 (CI 95 % : 1.5-3.6) in men and 2.5 (CI 95 % : 1.8-3.4) in women for individuals exposed to the highest emotional demand compared to the lowest. These associations remained significant even without other factors of vulnerability to benzodiazepine use.5. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were independently and dose-dependently associated with the risk of job loss at one-year, adjusting for age, gender, depression and self-rated health status (n=18 879). The risk of job loss associated with problematic use or alcohol dependence was 1.92 (CI 95 % : 1.34-2.75) compared to low-risk use. This risk was 1.78 (95% CI : 1.26-2.54) for heavy smokers compared to non-smokers and 2.68 (CI 95 % : 2.10-3.42) for cannabis users at least once a month compared to non-users.These findings could help public health and occupational health decision-makers to develop information and prevention strategies aiming at reducing the burden of substance use, particularly in the workplace. Because of the complexity of the interrelationships between addictive behaviours and occupational life, this field of the epidemiologic research should continue to be developed in order to meet the major public health challenges posed by both addictive behaviours and exposure to occupational risks
Gaetan, Sophie. "Monde virtuel et avatar : de la mise en scène de soi à l'addiction." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3056.
Full textVideo games cover preferential activity of adolescents. But for some, the practice becomes an addictive behavior, playing an important role in psychological functioning of adolescents. The global aim is to establish a comprehensive model of this addictive process. This research is based on a quantitative methodology in order to assess the weight and the involvement of psychopathological, emotional and personality variables in this addictive process. Avatar and virtual world are the two essential components of any video game. They allow subject to mediatize and enact his Emotional Self. The addiction process is the result of crystallization of this dynamic which does not allow the subject to reappropriate his emotional experience. Furthermore, the research puts the light on two different types of addictive processes with on line or outline video games. These two formats differ in the enacting of aspects of the Self Identity they imply. Finally, this work leads us to question the boundary between regular and addictive / pathogen use of video games
Tavolacci, Marie-Pierre. "Conduites et consommations à risque et addictives chez les étudiants." Rouen, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUENR09.
Full textPinel-Gall, Valérie. "Psychopathologie des conduites addictives : du défaut d'élaboration de la scène primitive." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H058.
Full textCorcos, Maurice. "Depression et alexithymie : leurs fonctions dans les conduites addictives alimentaires a l'adolescence." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070106.
Full textChassevent, Anne Guillou Landréat Morgane. "Maternité et conduites addictives enjeux et intérêts de l'addictologie de liaison en périnatalité /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=48606.
Full textDiaz, Luc. "Conduites addictives et cadre thérapeutique hospitalier (à propos d'anorexie mentale et de toxicomanie)." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11139.
Full textMoreira, Joana Isabel Carvalho Soares. "Trajetos desviantes e vitimação em jovens consumidores de drogas e com condutas delinquentes." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4801.
Full textO presente estudo centra-se na problemática da toxicodependência, pretendendo dar resposta relativamente à manifestação entre os comportamentos delituosos e as situações de vitimação entre jovens consumidores de substâncias. O objetivo geral deste estudo passa por compreender a eventual relação entre o consumo de drogas e a delinquência, bem como entre a vitimização e as trajetórias de consumos neste grupo de jovens. Para o efeito, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo com um desenho exploratório, descritivo, transversal, observacional e baseado no autorrelato. Os instrumentos utilizados para a recolha de dados foram um questionário de vitimação desenvolvido por Nunes e Sani (2014) e uma entrevista previamente construída. A amostra constituiu-se de 15 jovens de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre 16 e 18 anos e que se encontram institucionalizados. Os resultados permitem concluir que as situações de vitimação expostas pelos inquiridos se associam a situações de consumo e estas a situações delituosas. Os resultados obtidos e as conclusões extraídas apresentam-se como um meio de confirmar a necessidade de desenvolver mais estudos neste âmbito de forma a promover intervenções cada vez mais eficazes e direcionadas.
This study focuses on the problem of drug addiction, intending to respond regarding the manifestation between criminal behavior and situations of victimization among young consumers of substances. The aim of this study involves understanding the possible relationship between drug use and crime, and between victimization and consumption paths in this youth group. To this end, we developed a qualitative study with an exploratory design, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and based on selfreport. The instruments used for data collection were a victimization questionnaire developed by Nunes and Sani (2014) and a previously constructed interview. The sample consisted of 15 young people of both sexes, aged between 16 and 18 and are institutionalized. The results show that the victimization situations exposed by respondents are associated with consumption situations and these with offenses. The results and the conclusions drawn are presented as a means of confirming the need for further studies in this area in order to promote increasingly effective and targeted interventions.
Escriva, Jean-Pierre. "Sport et dopages : institution de la compétition, idéologie de l'excellence et conduites addictives du sport intensif." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070097.
Full textA major inconsistency in sport is the fact that the demands of competition disregard health and make the athlete dependant on doping, which is the motivation for the research. A clinical, dialectical and critical approach to the sociology of sport assumes an interest in emancipatorial knowledge, attempts to consider the tension between the commitment and involvement of researcher, and is developed in three linked parts. The assessment of the work on doping begins by setting out presuppositions, the conceptual positions, and the epistemological difficulties inherent in institutional thought and ideology, which are so resistant to elucidation. The multiple interests of doping then emerge in regard to ideological conflicts of our age and the instrumental rationality of the sport macro-system and show that although the problem is not new, it is not timeless. Next, complementary methods coherent with hidden practices show the subjective effects of the institution of sport and make a clinical analysis of intensive sport at the crossroads of heterogeneous processes. The hypothesis that intensive sport is addictive, with or without drugs, is supported by the study of the complex links between the subjects and the institution in the form of a sociomental system. The final part considers the diffusion of the ideology of excellence in a society where sport, as an unfailing model of purity and excellence in keeping with the dynamics of the economy and the media, plays the role of the ideological mainspring of free enterprise and a society of extremes in a political and intellectual context with little sense of values. The research raises questions of public health, education and contradictory legislation
Rappeneau, Virginie. "Dépression et vulnérabilité aux conduites addictives : étude de leur relation dans un modèle animal de dépression." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10240.
Full textAlthough an increasing number of clinical studies highlight a strong association of depression and addiction, the mechanisms underlying this co-occurrence are not well understood. The goal of our study is to shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms by which depression-like states enhance addictive behaviors. For this purpose, we employed a genetic model of depression, the Helpless mice (H/Rouen). These mice have been selected on their immobility behavior in the Tail Suspension Test, more prolonged than the Non Helpless mice (NH/Rouen) and the Intermediate mice (I/Rouen) which display an intermediate phenotype We first further characterized their phenotype regarding anxiety and demonstrated that H/Rouen mice displayed exacerbated anxiety-like behavior in a battery of classical behavioral paradigms in contrast to other mouse lines. We next tested the influence of this mixed anxiety- and depression-like phenotype on cocaine vulnerability. We demonstrated that H/ and I/Rouen mice were less sensitive to acute cocaine psychomotor stimulant effects compared to NH/Rouen mice; however, all mouse lines displayed a similar behavioral sensitization to cocaine, indicating that neuroadaptations induced by repeated exposure to this drug shade off initial reactivity differences. exhibited a stronger and durable cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) compared to I/ and NH/Rouen mice, indicating a higher sensitivity to cocaine-associated cues. This observation led us to explore the neural substrates mediating the increased sensitivity to cocaine reinforcing effects observed in female H/Rouen mice. Our neuroanatomical study, based on Fos expression during the cocaine-induced CPP, highlighted a higher activation of the cingulate prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens shell, the basolateral amygdala and the ventral subiculum in female H/Rouen mice, compared to female I/ and NH/Rouen mice, that may reflect their higher propensity to conditioned drug-seeking. Finally, as the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor within the nucleus accumbens could be implicated in depression as well as in drug vulnerability, we started to assess its expression by western blotting in all the mouse lines, in basal conditions et after conditioning to cocaine
Capart, Noémie. "Conduites compulsives et hystérie masculine : étude psychanalytique et clinique de l'alcoolisme chez l'homme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB212.
Full textThis work, part of a psychoanalytic perspective offers, through the singular clinical alcoholism, a metapsychological thinking about addiction, in support of a Freudian and Lacanian points of view. In a particular attention to the triptych on which is founded metapsychology, alcohol will be addressed through an economic point of view, increased with topographical and dynamic points of view, opening many as clinical and psychopathological perspectives. Divested of any deficit or carentiel design is in its conflictual dimension that will be apprehended alcoholism outside the narcissistic single way. Using a cross methodology combining cases from clinical psychotherapy and research, enriched projective tests is that in terms of psychosexuality is found interrogated alcoholic symptoms, and favoring Oedipal issues and castration. In support of the concepts of repetition and compulsion to repeat, it will be initially offered to understand addiction as compulsive behavior, in order to highlight the psychological dynamics underlying the behavior and thereby its unconscious and fantasmatic motivations. Figure of an erratic time, it is in its temporal effects that addiction will be found highlighted in a clinical difference between alcoholism and drugaddiction. If both proceed to a subversion of temporality in suspending it, in favour of instant, in order to overcome any psychical causality, each has is own instinctual economy. If drugaddiction shows heavily under the aegis of Thanatos, alcoholism would know only occasional expressions of the death instinct; mostly morbid dimension in alcoholaddiction may be attributed to Eros, because of its excessive fusion. Continuing, the object of addiction, alcohol, will be questioned as to its function within the psychic economy of the subject. Considered as attempted solution from the subject facing castration and its pitfalls, alcoholic behavior will be highlighted in its dimension of misfires, namely phobic. The object of addiction, then heard as an object of attraction, would witness misfires of the establishment of a phobic object, repulsive by definition. Through this failure, the structuring significance of phobia regarding castration disappears, as far as the knotting anxiety it offers - abstinence as such can be considered as phobic relaunch . This reflection will continue regarding the father figure and its failures and by means of the discovery of the singular oedipal organization that results, will herald the hypothesis of a "dead father complex" in these alcoholic's men. Finally, the alcoholic symptom will be the site of a psychopathological debate between hysterical neurosis, perversion and borderline. This is the hypothesis of male hysteria that will be defended, neurosis addressed in seeing the seriousness it can cover. This is particularly the considerations about the feminine, in its opposition to the phallic and not to masculine - and for that reason, present in both sexes, that will support this proposal, to authorize a re-reading of the issue of loss, very active in addictive problems, in a paradigm shift, narcissism being upstaged
Mancino, Samantha 1987. "Involvement of the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in addictive like-behaviours." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565773.
Full textEl aumento de la incidencia de la obesidad y de los trastornos de la alimentación representa un importante problema de salud en los países desarrollados. La baja tasa de éxito de los tratamientos disponibles para prevenir o revertir la obesidad y el fácil acceso a la comida obesogenica que lo causa, destacan la necesidad de encentrar dianas terapéuticas eficaces. Las importantes alteraciones conductuales que se asocian a esta enfermedad parecen estar mediadas por modificaciones en los circuitos de recompensa que imitan los cambios que ocurren durante el comportamiento adictivo. Por otra parte, al igual que las drogas de abuso, la obesidad se asocia con hábitos de ingesta anormales que pueden incrementar la vulnerabilidad a la recaída de búsqueda de comida. En la presente tesis, hemos investigado primero la implicación del sistema opioide endógeno en el mecanismo neurobiológico que subyace a la recaída del comportamiento de búsqueda de drogas y comida como una posible diana terapéutica en estos trastornos del comportamiento. En segundo lugar, hemos investigado las relaciones entre la sobre ingesta de comida palatable y la adicción conductual. De hecho, hemos demostrado que el entrenamiento operante repetido con comida palatable promueve alteraciones de la conducta, así como cambios epigenéticos, proteómicos y de plasticidad estructural en el circuito de la recompensa que recuerdan a los observados con las drogas de abuso. Es destacable señalar que hemos identificado el vii receptor cannabinoide 1 y el receptor delta opioide como sustratos neurobiológicos comunes que subyacen a estas alteraciones.
Sarramon, Christine. "Vulnérabilité pour les conduites addictives (Recherche de sensations, anhédonie, impulsivité). A partir d'une étude chez 65 patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23049.
Full textMichel, Laurent. "Impact des conduites addictives sur les stratégies de prévention et de prise en charge du VIH et de l'hépatite C." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066513.
Full textPuiu, Matei Rodica. "Les signifiants corporels dans l'approche psychanalytique des conduites addictives et dans la poésie : étude du système poétique de Nichita Stanescu." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_puiu.pdf.
Full textIn this dissertation, I show how individuals who presents addictive behaviour, find a way of expressing the affect throughout their body, by bringing it in the forefront of the psychoanalytical relationship. The consequences for the analytical technique will be bringing up. In this purpose, we will study the way in which the subject with this type of structure evolves in the psychoanalytic treatment and also his approach through specific elements of psychoanalytic technique. We will also illustrate the way in which the psychological conflict is expressed through the body in the situation in which the subject misses the permanence of internal object. If the object of addiction cannot substitute the internal object in a constant and stable way, and if the way to mentalising is not accessible, the subject will confront a process of psychosomatic destruction. The present dissertation includes a first part, theoretical, that analyzesthe place occupied byexpressed through the body in the psychological functioning, the psychological origins of addictive behaviour, the role of corporality in the addictive behaviour and the role of body significant in the psychoanalytical approach of addictive behaviours. The second part of the paper is dedicated to clinical studies. In this sense it will be presented the way in which the psychoanalytical psychotherapy, body significant will replace addictive behaviour and the way in which the analyst can approach this phenomenon to open the way of mentalizing the psychological conflict. The third part is dedicated to the study of life and creation of Romanian poet Nichita Stănescu, watching the way the body functioning takes the role of the addiction in the case it cannot perform anymore the role of internal object. The conclusion is centred on the theoretical and clinical consequences that psychoanalytical approach of the addictive behaviours implies. Considering that the body-ego of the subject has gaps that need to be filled, we can illustrate this process in the myth of Master Manole, in which Ana, his wife, fills and strengthens the walls of the monastery. In this sense we can ask the question about the therapeutic functions that can perform this role
Lahely, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude de la psychopathologie comparée, de l'anorexie mentale et de la toxicomanie en tant que conduites addictives (Revue de littérature)." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M186.
Full textSelponi, Yohan. "Le gouvernement des conduites juvéniles populaires : prévenir les addictions en milieu scolaire dans un département rural du Sud-Ouest." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH014.
Full textEvery year in France, according to educational laws, prevention initiatives on drugs and alcohol addiction/addiction behavior should be organized in every school. We study the social conditions of the implementation of such interventions in rural department of southern France. How do the production conditions of prevention policies influence the social space of drug consumers local care? How do the investments of agents in preventive actions legitimate their ordinary work? How do public actors build the professional legitimacy of these workers? How the implementation of a public policy as the prevention of addictions at school, contributes to the institutional order it is inscribed in? On one hand, prevention of addictions is based on a gendered division of the ways populations called at risk's are controlled: on one side, activities socially drawn as feminine (prevention, listening and care); on the other side's masculine's ones (repression, discipline and work). Agents who intervene at school belong to different spaces (artistic field, medical field and penal field) in which prevention is symbolically devalued. On the contrary, at school, they can enhance their position. On the other hand, by their reappropiations of school space, the staging of students's bodies and their use of a real talk's, agents of prevention try to distinguish themselves from the way they think students perceive them and the school system. The combination of these attempts of distinction and the need to "hold" students, make easier boys's involvements during these interventions
Sierra-Scroccaro, Nathalie. "Adolescence et addictions : quelles interventions envisager pour les parents de jeunes consommateurs ?" Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20005.
Full textAddiction constitutes a major public health problem and raises numerous questions from a clinical and psychopathological perspective as well as on young users’ care. Even though certain interest has been shown in the field of scientific research on the subject, only recently has the suffering of the parents of young teenagers been the object of researchers’ and professionals’ studies.The objective of this qualitative and exploratory study is to examine the personal experiences of the parents of teenagers suffering from addiction. It was carried out at a prevention and treatment center for addiction.Mothers who consult for their sons make up the majority of those who consult. Generally, these teenagers or grown-up young adults are between the ages of 15 and 23, live at home with their parents, and battle against excessive use of cannabis, alcohol, and video games.Six forms of parental personal experiences and certain family configurations in connection with the addictive behaviors of the teenagers were identified by means of fifteen clinical cases.The addictions of the young people in question call out to the maternal function as a mediator of the paternal function.Additionally, the adolescent subject summons within his/her mother an object in response to the question of the real of the Other jouissance, as a substitution in the absence of the signifier.These results allow us to question the possibilities of clinical interventions with these families, and to think about new tools of medical-psychosocial support
Lauran, Hanna. "How extended is the knowledge regarding illegal substances and addictive drugs among pharmacists in Sweden? : A survey conducted for qualified pharmacists with different work experience." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122769.
Full textGrigioni, Sébastien. "Conduites addictives chez l'adulte jeune : 1- addictions et stress : étude transversale dans une population d'étudiants en professions de santé, 2 - validation d'un outil francophone de dépistage des troubles du comportement alimentaire." Rouen, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUENR12.
Full textBackground: Students, particularly in healthcare, has to face significant sources of stress such as courses, changing rhythm, financial difficulties or loss of marks, including family's one. This period is also associated with a peak incidence of eating disorders (ED), changes in dietary habits and consumption of psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis, or tobacco. The aim of this study was double: study the association between stress and these different health components of healthcare student and validate a rapid and simple screening tool for people at risk of ED. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted using a questionnaire to assess basic characteristics, consumption of psychoactive substances, stress level (COHEN scale), dietary habits and risk of ED among healthcare students. Meanwhile, a study was conducted among a population of students and patients suffering from TCA to determine the characteristics of validity, reliability and reproducibility of a French version of SCOFF questionnaire: the SCOFF-F. Results: The main results showed a important role of perceived stress in disorder use towards tobacco and alcohol as well as dietary habits, body weight perception and ED use among students. In addition, validation studies of SCOFF-F confirmed that this screening questionnaire was effective and reliable for early detection of people at risk of ED. Conclusion: The stress level of students should be better taken into account in prevention programs for this population. Concerning ED, SCOFF-F questionnaire has the characteristics required to be distributed widely to health professionals in order to identify person at risk of ED
Amadieu, Thomas. "Sociologie des jeux de hasard. Croyances et rationalité." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040187.
Full textThis PhD thesis intends to provide explanation to the consumption of gambling including its most extreme forms, in spite of the transgression of norms framing the uses of free time and money that contribute to the vision of the phenomenon as irrational and illegitimate. The research is based on interviews with gamblers in Paris (n=51), quantitative data and the analysis of gambling carriers of gamblers, treated in the Nantes addiction center (n=84). The ambition of this work is to show that gamblers conceive their activity as an alternative mean of enrichment in a context of restricted opportunities. Their actions are composed with voluntary risk-taking allowing to regain a sense of control over their future. Excessive consumptions, labeled nowadays as brain-diseases or weaknesses of will, are in reality the result of the shortening of time-perceptions due to precariousness and degradation of living conditions of the dependent person. The addicted gambler is driven into an attitude of a permanent seeker of short term solutions that allow him to gain access to wellness. Gambling appears to represent an escape from frustration or insecurity. This fact invalidates the psycho-medical conception that legitimates the gambling market by imposing new norms of “responsible” gambling
Casajuana, Kögel Cristina. "La unitat estandarditzada de cànnabis: un instrument per a la valoració del consum de cànnabis i dels seus riscs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664130.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Cannabis is the most prevalent illegal drug used worldwide and its consumption has been associated to psychiatric, organic and social consequences. The delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) is cannabis main psychoactive constituent with clinical implications. Currently consensus on criteria to screen for risky cannabis use is still lacking. Criteria focus mainly on frequency of consumption, while cannabis quantities are rarely explored. One major limitation to explore the risks related to different consumption patterns is not being able to quantify cannabis use. Therefore the aim of this project and doctoral thesis is to establish a standardized cannabis unit (the Standard Joint Unit), based on a fixed quantity of 9-THC. METHODOLOGY: From September 2014 to June 2016 adult cannabis users were recruited in different settings of the province of Barcelona (university, leisure, out-patient mental health service and cannabis associations) in order to: 1) ask them for samples (a cigarette rolled with cannabis); and 2) administrate them an anonymous survey. The samples were analyzed to quantify its 9-THC and Cannabidiol (CBD) content. In order to increase its applicability the SJU was related to a conversion factor to translate information usually used by the users (number of joints, grams of cannabis, euros spent) to 9-THC quantities. RESULTS: The participants (N=492) donated 315 valid joints and were mostly young adults (on average 29 years), men (77%), single (75%), with secondary or upper studies (73%) and in active employment (63%). Based on the analytical results of joints, and by consensus, the SJU was established at 7mg of 9-THC. Based on the questionnaires, independently of the type of cannabis, the following conversion factor could be determined: 1 SJU= 1 joint = 0.25 g of cannabis = 1€ = 7 mg of 9-THC. CONCLUSION: The SJU facilitates a common language and can become the key unit to characterize risky consumption patterns. Similarly to the Standard Drink Unit for the alcohol, the SJU approximates cannabis quantities consumed and is therefore of great utility in clinical practice and for epidemiological research.
Chaves, Tharcila Viana [UNIFESP]. "A vivência da fissura por crack: rebaixamento de valores e estratégias utilizadas para o controle." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8856.
Full textObjetivo: Entender, através do discurso de quem já consumiu crack: como a fissura se processa, quais os comportamentos desenvolvidos sob fissura e quais as estratégias utilizadas pelo usuário para interferir na fissura. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional por critérios, constituída por usuários (n=31) e ex-usuários (n=9) de crack, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Os investigados, pertencentes a 12 cadeias distintas, foram recrutados pela técnica da bola de neve e foram submetidos à entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade, até que fosse atingido o ponto de saturação teórica da amostra. Após a transcrição literal das entrevistas, seguiu-se a análise do conteúdo para assim se elaborar inferências e hipóteses alicerçadas nesses discursos. Resultados e Discussão: Os 40 entrevistados estavam igualmente distribuídos quanto ao gênero, abrangiam todos os níveis de escolaridade e a maior parte possuía poucos recursos financeiros. Além da fissura sentida na abstinência de crack e da fissura induzida por pistas ambientais e emocionais, já conhecidas, constatou-se um terceiro tipo de fissura, a induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. Assim que o usuário dá a primeira tragada desenvolve uma compulsão pelo consumo, levando-o ao uso ininterrupto, até que o estoque de droga acabe ou ele chegue à exaustão. Este tipo de fissura apareceu como um forte fator mantenedor dos episódios binge de consumo, os quais foram os maiores responsáveis pelo rebaixamento de valores do usuário, sujeitando-os a práticas não convencionais para a obtenção da droga e a fortes eventos de agressividade. Os entrevistados não só possuem estratégias para o alívio da fissura, como também possuem táticas para evitar o seu desenvolvimento, tanto de ordem farmacológica quanto comportamental. Conclusões: A fissura por crack, entre outros sintomas, desencadeia compulsão, comportamento de risco, sofrimento, agressividade e padrão binge de consumo, o qual pode estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de dependência. Os binges de consumo de crack podem ser causados pela fissura induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. A existência de medidas do próprio usuário para lidar com a sua fissura por crack pode ser uma ferramenta importante para o aprimoramento de seu tratamento.
Objective: To understand, through the discourse of individuals who have already consumed crack: how their cravings proceed; what behavioral patterns are developed with such cravings and what strategies users follow to hold back their cravings. Methodology: This was a qualitative study using an intentional sample with selection criteria, composed of crack users (n=31) and former users (n=9) of both sexes, aged 18 to 50 years. The subjects belonged to 12 different chains and were recruited using the snowballing technique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with recruits until the theoretical data saturation point of the sample was reached. The interviews were transcribed literally and the scripts then underwent content analysis in order to elaborate grounded inferences and hypotheses from the discourse. Results and Discussion: The interviewees were equally distributed regarding gender. They ranged over all educational levels and most of them had little money. In addition to the known cravings felt through abstaining from crack and through environmental and emotional paths, a third type of craving was observed, induced by the effect of the crack itself. As soon as the users took the first drag, they developed a compulsion to consume it, leading them to uninterrupted use until the supply ran out or they reached exhaustion. This type of craving appeared to be a strong factor in maintaining episodes of bingeing. Such episodes were the greatest factors responsible for lowering users’ values, thereby impelling them to act unconventionally to obtain the drug, with highly aggressive events. The interviewees not only had strategies for relieving their cravings, but also had tactics to avoid their development, both of pharmacological and of behavioral nature. Conclusions: The craving by crack, among other symptoms, triggers compulsion, risk behavior, suffering, aggression and binge pattern of consumption, which may be related to the development of dependence. Bingeing on crack may be caused by the craving that the effect of the crack itself induces. Users’ own measures for dealing with their cravings for crack may constitute an important tool for improving their treatment.
TEDE
Rosell, Negre Patricia. "Modulación del procesamiento cerebral por la magnitud de la recompensa en tareas de control cognitivo en participantes sanos y adictos a la cocaína." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401546.
Full textReward contingencies increase the likelihood of a behavior and the brain processes necessary to perform them in addition to optimizing both behavior and brain processes. This doctoral thesis studies the effect of monetary reward magnitude on brain processing during goal-directed behaviors considering individual differences in personality and cocaine addiction. We performed three studies with monetary contingencies of variable magnitude during the execution of inhibition tasks in healthy participants and cocaine addicts. In both groups, the monetary reward produced a behavioral improvement proportional to the magnitude. In addition, in healthy participants this behavioral improvement was associated with the individual differences in sensitivity to reward. However, cocaine addicts showed deficient prefrontal modulation that counteracted with a greater involvement of occipital areas, an increased fronto-striatal connectivity and the left frontoparietal network.
Véliz, Estrada Telma Patricia. "Estilos de vida y salud: Estudio del caso de los estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454898.
Full textMoustié, Jean-Baptiste. "Droit et risques psychosociaux au travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0266/document.
Full textThe concept of "psychosocial risks at work" gathers several work-related suffering risks. These risks are, at the same time, related to the generating acts of pain and to the expressions of suchpain on employees’ health. Despite its formulation, this concept refers to events affecting both mental and physical health of workers. Such affecting events share the same social ground. Indeed, psychosocial risks are mainly caused by the companies’ organization themselves, management methods or harmful relationships. Even though the expression of psychosocial risks was formerly developed out of the legal environment, it is now generally used in law to deal with issues of health and safety at work. However, the comprehensive understanding of such risks is not yet obvious from a legal perspective. These are complicated to define and delimit, tinged with subjectivity and unlikely to be understood in light of the employment law history. However, law is increasingly taking into account the different dimensions of the workers’ individuality. Also, if the psychosocial risks fail to be recognized, so far, as an independent and entire legal concept, both laws (domestic and international) and case law are more and more referring to it. Therefore, measures and legal solutions applicable to the working relationships in private companies enable to prevent such risks, punish or compensate them. As such, a wide range of people, whether related or not to the company, are able to duly face these factors
Guardia, Dewi. "Représentation du corps et anorexie mentale : de l’intégration sensorielle à l’action : approche neurocognitive du phénomène de distorsion corporelle." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S034/document.
Full textThe everyday human ability to make judgments about one’s own and other people’s body-scaled actions is disrupted in anorexia nervosa (AN). AN patients significantly overestimated their own passability (relative to a control group) in a simulated body-scaled action. These data were concordant with the patients' clinical complaints that they feel larger than they really are. Judgments in AN patients were significantly affected in the first-person-perspective condition (1PP) but not in the third-person-perspective condition (3PP; see Figure). These overall results suggest that the overestimation of the passability ratios in AN are likely to be caused by an overestimation of their own body schema. They are not symptomatic of a general impairment in perceptual judgments.This overestimation of the body schema in AN can be related to the existence of disturbance in multisensory integration in AN, since the body schema is the product of multisensory integration of visual, tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular inputs. A significant relationship exist between the behavioural performances and the severity of eating disorders by revealing a significant, positive correlation between the patient’s own body action on one hand and body concern, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness on the other. This disruption causes restrictive eating behaviours to persist.The patients\\\\\\\' performances were related to their body weight loss over the previous months and to their pre-AN body weight. This finding provides a possible explanation for the disruption of body-scaled actions in anorexic people: the body schema modified by the rapid weight loss may not have been updated by the central nervous system. Anorexia nervosa mainly affects young women in the 15-19 age group. However, many of the neurological, morphological and psychological changes occur during puberty and they will have an impact on the body schema. Weight changes induced by eating disorders could reinforce these disturbances. The knowledge gained by studying neurological phenomena such as phantom limbs might shed light on this topic. In fact, many amputees continue to feel the presence of a phantom limb after amputation. Many explanatory models of phantom limb syndrome have emerged in recent years. One of these postulates a degree of mismatch between the sensory feedback from the phantom and the cortical regions representing the limb. In anorexic patients, there could be a conflict between the previous body schema (i.e. before the weight change) and the current sensorimotor feedback. Thus, patients would find themselves locked into a larger body
Cloutier, Richard. "Mesure clinique des conduites addictives." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2688.
Full textAims: To conduct a systematic review of instruments for the clinical measurement of established and emerging addictions; and to determine whether these addictive behaviours are similarly conceptualised in clinical research. Methods: The analytic strategy employed comprised three steps: 1) major search engines were used to do an inventory of available psychometrically validated clinical instruments for assessing addictions; 2) an analytical grid was developed and validated, covering 21-parameters related to four conceptual categories: dependence (DSM-IV-TR), temperament (Cloninger and Zuckerman), social handicap (Fougeyrollas), and cognitive behaviour analysis (Beck); 3) all instruments were analysed and compared through the grid. Results: The method yielded 191 questionnaires covering 21 addictive behaviours. The most prevalent behaviours were those best represented in terms of number of questionnaires. The criteria categories most evaluated by the questionnaires were dependence and cognitive behaviour; temperament and social handicap were much less often considered. Patterns were generally similar in terms of parameters, whether questionnaires concerned substance or non-substance addictions. Conclusions: The measurement of addictions appears clinically cohesive, as determined by a validated analysis grid applied to an exhaustive set of questionnaires identified via a systematic literature review.
Scroccaro, Nathalie. "Adolescence et addictions : quelles interventions envisager pour les parents de jeunes consommateurs ?" Thesis, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20005.
Full textAddiction constitutes a major public health problem and raises numerous questions from a clinical and psychopathological perspective as well as on young users’ care. Even though certain interest has been shown in the field of scientific research on the subject, only recently has the suffering of the parents of young teenagers been the object of researchers’ and professionals’ studies.The objective of this qualitative and exploratory study is to examine the personal experiences of the parents of teenagers suffering from addiction. It was carried out at a prevention and treatment center for addiction.Mothers who consult for their sons make up the majority of those who consult. Generally, these teenagers or grown-up young adults are between the ages of 15 and 23, live at home with their parents, and battle against excessive use of cannabis, alcohol, and video games.Six forms of parental personal experiences and certain family configurations in connection with the addictive behaviors of the teenagers were identified by means of fifteen clinical cases.The addictions of the young people in question call out to the maternal function as a mediator of the paternal function.Additionally, the adolescent subject summons within his/her mother an object in response to the question of the real of the Other jouissance, as a substitution in the absence of the signifier.These results allow us to question the possibilities of clinical interventions with these families, and to think about new tools of medical-psychosocial support
Gavinho, Larissa Pepe Ribeiro. "Despedimento com justa causa relativo à embriaguez habitual ou toxicomania: um estudo comparado Portugal e Espanha." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85772.
Full textA presente investigação tem o escopo de abordar alguns aspectos relativos ao despedimento por facto imputável ao trabalhador, e pretende traçar os contornos deste ato no tocante a justa causa por embriaguez habitual e/ou toxicomania no âmbito do direito comparado, considerando como referência os ordenamentos jurídicos português e espanhol.Para atingir esta finalidade, primeiramente, traz-se alguns apontamentos referentes a configuração jurídica geral do despedimento por justa causa do trabalhador, destacando os elementos essenciais a qualquer que seja a causa, além de elencar aquelas previstas nas normativas laborais.No cerne do texto, tece-se algumas considerações no tocante a esfera privada do trabalhador e quanto aos requisitos primordiais necessários para serem valoradas as condutas extralaborais (nomeadamente embriaguez e toxicomania) para fins de sanções disciplinares. Importante ainda neste momento destacar as situações excepcionais no tocante ao tema, decorrentes da natureza ou especificidade da atividade ou função.Posteriormente, será realizada uma análise quanto a admissibilidade de certos meios de prova, peculiaridades em relação a realização de testes e exames médicos (explicitando as circunstâncias em que o tratamento deve ser diferenciado), novas práticas de controle através de detetives privados e a necessidade de regulação do tema.Para finalizar trataremos da questão processual da reação ao despedimento e a qualificação aplicada a este pelos órgãos julgadores.
The present investigation has the scope to approach some aspects related to the dismissal due to attributable fact to the worker, and intends to trace the contours about this act related to the just cause for habitual drunkenness and/or drug addiction in the area of comparative law, considering as reference the Portuguese and Spanish legal systems.In order to achieve this purpose, firstly, it is brought some notes referring to the general legal configuration of the dismissal for just cause of the worker, highlighting the essential elements to whatever the cause is and listing those provided for in labor regulations. At the core of the present text there are some considerations regarding the rights of privacy of the worker and the primary requirements for assessing the extra labor conduits (namely drunkenness and drug addiction) for the purpose of disciplinary sanctions.It is important at this moment to highlight the exceptional situations regarding the subject, arising from nature or specificity of the activity or function.Subsequently, an analysis will be made on the admissibility of certain means of evidence, peculiarities in relation to medical tests and examinations (explaining the circumstances in which the treatment should be differentiated), new control practices through private detectives and the need for regulation of the theme.Finally, it will deal with the procedural question of how to react to the dismissal and the qualification applied to it by the judging organ.