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Mupemhi, S., and A. Muposhi. "Organisational Factors Influencing E-business Adoption in Zimbabwe's Manufacturing Sector." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2(J) (May 19, 2018): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2(j).2227.
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Creating and sustaining competitive advantage through the adoption and implementation of innovative technologies is a strategic imperative for all learning organizations. Despite this, manufacturing companies in developing countries such as Zimbabwe are confronting challenges in implementing e-business practices. Against this background, the objective of this study was to understand organizational factors influencing e-business adoption in Zimbabwe’s manufacturing sector. The study was motivated by the need to appreciate factors that facilitate or inhibit the adoption of e-business in the context of developing countries such as Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 118 companies registered by the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries in 2015. Regression analysis was used to test the posited hypotheses. Results revealed that manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe differ significantly in their inclination to adopt and implement e-business strategies. Innovation orientation, financial resources, perceived usefulness and size of the firm were found to be positively associated with e-business adoption. The study also found that technological resources did not have a statistically significant relationship with e-business adoption. The study furthers current debate on e-business adoption by identifying the drivers of e-business adoption in the manufacturing sector in the context of a developing country. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to theory and practice. In terms of theory, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on organizational factors influencing e-business adoption and provides avenues for further studies. In practice, the findings of this study add to the insights of managers in the manufacturing sector in developing countries, which influence the adoption of e-business practices.
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Mupemhi, S., and A. Muposhi. "Organisational Factors Influencing E-business Adoption in Zimbabwe’s Manufacturing Sector." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2227.
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Creating and sustaining competitive advantage through the adoption and implementation of innovative technologies is a strategic imperative for all learning organizations. Despite this, manufacturing companies in developing countries such as Zimbabwe are confronting challenges in implementing e-business practices. Against this background, the objective of this study was to understand organizational factors influencing e-business adoption in Zimbabwe’s manufacturing sector. The study was motivated by the need to appreciate factors that facilitate or inhibit the adoption of e-business in the context of developing countries such as Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 118 companies registered by the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries in 2015. Regression analysis was used to test the posited hypotheses. Results revealed that manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe differ significantly in their inclination to adopt and implement e-business strategies. Innovation orientation, financial resources, perceived usefulness and size of the firm were found to be positively associated with e-business adoption. The study also found that technological resources did not have a statistically significant relationship with e-business adoption. The study furthers current debate on e-business adoption by identifying the drivers of e-business adoption in the manufacturing sector in the context of a developing country. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to theory and practice. In terms of theory, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on organizational factors influencing e-business adoption and provides avenues for further studies. In practice, the findings of this study add to the insights of managers in the manufacturing sector in developing countries, which influence the adoption of e-business practices.
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Maware, Catherine, and Olufemi Adetunji. "The moderating effect of industry clockspeed on Lean Manufacturing implementation in Zimbabwe." TQM Journal 32, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-03-2019-0080.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating impact of industry clockspeed (IC) on the relationship between Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices and operational performance. A model for evaluating the impact of LM is developed and the moderating effect of IC is taken into consideration as a fundamental variable that affects the causal relationship between LM practices and operational performance. Design/methodology/approach A structural equation model was proposed and investigated across two groups based on IC level (Group 1: low IC and Group 2: high IC). A structured survey questionnaire was used to collect empirical data from 600 companies listed by the Confederation of Zimbabwean Industries. A total of 214 usable questionnaires were obtained giving a response rate of 35.6 percent. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3 and SPSS version 25. Findings The results revealed that LM practices directly and positively affected operational performance and IC had a positive moderation effect on the relationship between LM practices and operational performance. The results indicated that the structural equation model remained invariant across the groups. This showed that IC had a moderating effect on the relationship between LM practices and operational performance for both low IC and high IC industries. Originality/value The study analyzed the moderating effect of IC in Zimbabwean industries. The study will provide further evidence to managers on the impact of LM practices on operational performance in developing countries.
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Damiyano, David, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Gender And Access To Credit In Micro And Small Enterprises In Mutare, Zimbabwe." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9319.
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The research study sought to investigate the relationship between access to credit and gender in urban areas of Zimbabwe in which the informal sector is larger than the formal sector. In order to achieve this, the study used the Grameen Theory of micro-lending in Bangladesh, the MC2 theory and ROSCAs theories. The study used secondary data obtained from ZIMSTATS, World Bank, Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (CZI), the Wisrod website and other publications. E-Views was used to analyze the data using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for estimation. The results obtained revealed that gender and age of the client are insignificant in determining accessibility of credit from MFIs. Work attendance, loan repayment ability and profit per day have a positive relationship with access to credit; and firm age has a negative relationship with access to credit in Zimbabwe. In light of these results, the study recommended the government to increase access of credit so as to increase economic activity where there is a large informal sector. In addition, it also recommended that the government should implement policies which enable the participation of women and also use credit creation multipliers as a way to increase economic activity leading to economic growth.
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HELMSING, A. H. J. "RURAL INDUSTRIES AND THE COMMUNAL LANDS ECONOMY IN ZIMBABWE." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 78, no. 2 (April 1987): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1987.tb00573.x.
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Ray, George F. "International Labour Costs in Manufacturing, 1960-88." National Institute Economic Review 132 (May 1990): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013200106.
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Comparative labour costs in the manufacturing industries have been analysed in four previous issues of this Review based on surveys of labour costs published by the Swedish Employers' Confederation. These contain time series of wages for time worked, social charges and total labour costs in manufacturing for most OECD countries and convert them into a common currency. Although no allowance is made for the different purchasing power of the wages paid (‘PPPs’) the comparison is useful since the products of the industries of various countries compete on international markets on the basis of current exchange rates.
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Swan, Lorraine M. "Early iron manufacturing industries in semi-arid, south-eastern Zimbabwe." Journal of African Archaeology 5, no. 2 (December 2007): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10096.
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Nkomo, J. C., and H. E. Goldstein. "Demand for energy in Zimbabwe industries: an aggregated demand analysis." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i3a3274.
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This paper describes interfuel substitution for liquid fuel, coal and electricity in Zimbabwe manufacturing and mining using a translog cost function. Our data series spans over a 24 year period. To mitigate the short time span of this time series data, we partially pool time-series cross-section observations, and take into account the ‘random effects’ and ‘fixed effects’ framework in estimating regression equations. Estimated results are used to determine possibilities for interfuel substitution particularly given persistent increases in the price of liquid fuel. We use an aggregated demand approach as this should both sharpen our results and yield more efficient estimates.
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Lutz, John. "After the Fur Trade: The Aboriginal Labouring Class of British Columbia, 1849-1890." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031045ar.
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Abstract This paper challenges the long-standing view that aboriginal people were bystanders in the economic development and industrialization of British Columbia outside, and after, the fur trade. From the establishment of the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1849, through Confederation in 1871 and to the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, aboriginal people comprised the majority of the population in present-day British Columbia, and the majority of the workforce in agriculture, fishing, trapping and the burgeoning primary industries.
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Gasper, Des. "Rural Growth Points and Rural Industries in Zimbabwe: Ideologies and Policies." Development and Change 19, no. 3 (July 1988): 425–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1988.tb00309.x.
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Burton, P. "CICI (The Confederation of Information Communication Industries) directory of information products and services 1990. 2nd edition." Endeavour 14, no. 4 (January 1990): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(90)90046-t.
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Kamaraj, Raju, and Linda M. Buruwe. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND MARKETING AUTHORIZATION FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN EUROPEAN UNION AND ZIMBABWE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26837.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the requirements for marketing authorization procedures of new drugs, generic medicines in developed countries such as Europe and to compare these procedures with those in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Medicines control authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) grants the marketing authorization for medicinal products in Zimbabwe. However, there are still some gaps which need to be filled by the MCAZ to reach other bigger markets in the world. A comparative study of current MCAZ regulatory administration and practices with those of stringent regulators such as European Union will assist in the identification of these loopholes. It also provides the need for improvement with regard to pharmaceutical industries compliance with the relevant standards. This study will give a tremendous reassurance that the MCAZ regulatory affairs acquiescence is being met and gap analysis will systematically challenge the MCAZ regulatory requirements and procedures by comparing them to the European medicines agency regulatory guidelines, which will provide MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. The study provides MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. Current GMP Supervision of Manufactures and Inspections need to be upgraded; however, currently in Zimbabwe, there is inadequate internal audits, inadequate quality departments to do the validation and self-inspection in pharmaceutical industries. The comparison results obtained showed grey areas needed to be enhanced by MCAZ.
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Mawonedzo, Abigal, Magdaline Tanga, Simon Luggya, and Yvonne Nsubuga. "Implementing strategies of entrepreneurship education in Zimbabwe." Education + Training 63, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2020-0068.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore how the strategies of entrepreneurship education in clothing and textile programmes are implemented in selected Technical Colleges in Zimbabwe.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was adopted for this paper. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 42 participants through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.FindingsThe findings show that there were two principal strategies that are used by lecturers in technical colleges, where entrepreneurship education is taught. The findings reveal that the implementation of the lecture method in most of these colleges deviates remarkable from each other. Given the socioeconomic and linguistic backgrounds of the learners, lectures are delivered in both English and the dominant local language, and the notes are written on the blackboard. Experiential learning, which is the placement of students in textile and clothing industries, was revealed to be another strategy, which was not achieving the intended results as most of the students were engaged in unrelated activities. The implementation of the two methods fall short of internationally recognised and pedagogically acceptable strategies that ought to instil the necessary skills in students to become future entrepreneurs in the textile and clothing industries in Zimbabwe and in Africa.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations of the paper is that data was not collected from production managers from the clothing manufacturing industry and from the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education officials, especially those from the Curriculum Development Unit. However, the core of this paper is on implementing strategies from the perspectives of lecturers and students. Another limitation of the paper is that data was collected only from three technical colleges in Harare, Manicaland and Midland provinces. There are a total of nine such colleges in Zimbabwe. Nonetheless, since this a qualitative paper, its aim is not to generalise its findings but to provide in-depth and rich information about implementing strategies in Clothing and Textile programmes in selected TVET colleges.Originality/valueThe paper presents some pertinent recommendations to enhance a better implementation of the strategies used in entrepreneurship education to ensure that upon graduation, graduates can be self-employed and create jobs. This could help in curbing the high unemployment rate in Zimbabwe as well as in Africa in general.
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Tarupiwa, Tafadzwa Telmore. "The Analysis of Zimbabwe`s informal Sector`s Economic Sustainability Subject to Lockdown Effects." iRASD Journal of Economics 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2020.0101.0015.
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Zimbabwe`s economic society had been dominated by the informal sector as the main source and substitute for formal employment. It comprises of vendors, crosses border traders, cottage industries, artisanal miners and many others conducting lawful but unregistered economic activities. Given it being seen as a new normal for Zimbabwe`s economic structure, the 2020 national lockdown necessitated the analysis on the economic sustainability of Zimbabwe`s informal sector given the hardship experienced. Applying extensive literature review, content analysis and critical assessment of theory and practice as the methodology, the informal sector is deemed highly unsustainable economically. This paper proposes a total restructuring of Zimbabwe`s sector structure, through the creation of a total development strategy that enables refocusing government expenditure and policy towards realignment of informal structure to formal. Furthermore, this paper advocate for a balanced development strategy, that incorporates all sectors which accelerate growth and a stable formal sector through technological innovations and modernisation such that there is technology transfer to the informal sector, as opposed to arbitraging and vending activities as they are prone to stagnation and vulnerability.
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Gopinath, S., K. Srivats Balan, M. Ramanathan, and K. Narashiman. "Measure of Utilisation of Government Schemes & Support by Small and Medium Enterprises (SME): Service Providers Perspective." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.283.
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The small and medium enterprises (SME) play a vital role in improving the Indian economy. The central and various state governments announce various schemes directly and indirectly for the SMEs.Other SMEs are supported by Government service providers such as Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME), Small Industries development Corporation (SIDCO), and non-government service providers like Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) etc. Despite several support and facilities, the SMEs are still struggling to run the company. In this regard, authors have decided to study the effectiveness of utilization of various schemes by the SME in the service provider’s perspective. The schemes described in this paper lay emphasis exclusively on the manufacturing sector. Interviews were conducted with officials from different service providers and several flaws were detected in the implementation of these schemes, especially on the schemes reaching the industries. The analysis carried out in the research gives us several findings which elucidate the reason behind the flaws detected. The results of the article will also provide solutions to few critical research questions and provide recommendations which would further enhance the motive behind the schemes being established and reach the industries especially the small and medium-scale ones which would further stabilize the Indian economy.
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Maware, Catherine, and Olufemi Adetunji. "Lean manufacturing implementation in Zimbabwean industries: Impact on operational performance." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 11 (January 1, 2019): 184797901985979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979019859790.
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The impact of Lean Manufacturing (LM) implementation on organizational performance is an ongoing discussion. The effect of implementing LM tools on operational performance across various industries in Zimbabwe, a country with an unstable real gross domestic product is evaluated. A structural model of LM that is aligned with the Toyota Production System (TPS) house was proposed. A structured survey questionnaire was used for the collection of data in identified companies. Of the 600 companies contacted, 214 useful responses were obtained implying a response rate of 35.6%. The structural and operational models were tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and SmartPLS 3. The result indicated that operational performance was improved by implementing the selected LM tools.
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Dzobo, Oliver, Henerica Tazvinga, Chido Hermes Chihobo, and Edward Chikuni. "The adoption of energy efficiency and a policy framework for Zimbabwe." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i3a8002.
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Recent policy discussions on energy use in Zimbabwe sparked interest in the economic case for energy efficiency, suggesting the need to investigate the relevant costs and benefits. This paper investigated the potential of energy efficiency in manufacturing industries in Zimbabwe. Data collection was done using questionnaires, walk-through audits and semi-structured interviews. The data set was then analysed using regression analysis. The results show that there would be significant potential energy saving in Zimbabwe through adopting various energy efficiency programmes. The main energy efficiency barriers identified were: poorly structured electricity tariffs; risk of production disruption; resistance of operational staff to a changed working style; lack of coordination between company divisions; lack of information on energy efficiency programmes; and lack of support from senior management on issues that relate to energy efficiency. A straightforward energy efficiency policy framework is proposed, and three main players identified, namely government, energy regulator, and research institutions.
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Basera, Vitalis, Judy Mwenje, and Samson Ruturi. "A snap on quality management in Zimbabwe: a perspectives review." Annals of Management and Organization Research 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i2.278.
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Purpose: The main objective of this article was to provide evidence concerning the level of Quality Management (QM) in Zimbabwe. Submitted evidence regarding QM in Zimbabwe will help organizations that want to implement QM systems. The results can guide government agents in making informed decisions towards QM systems implementation since very few organizations are officially quality certified. Research Methodology: The survey followed online search query on quality management in zimbabwe from journal articles, proceedings and institutional repository. 51 publications were selected and excel file was used to capture data and analyse. Results: The results expose that there was high interest in QM in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The results showed industries lack of capacity and resources, lack of skills and expertise, poor communication with stakeholders, poor raw materials, changing customer preferences, lack of top management commitment and costs of QM systems as key barriers to QM implementation. Limitations: The study limitation was survey of few studies retrieved through Bindura University online library and open access journal articles, proceedings papers and dissertations/thesis available on institutional repository. Keywords: Zimbabwe, Quality Management (QM), Drivers, Barriers, Benefits
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Taderera, Hope. "Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: Institutional and Regulatory Frameworks in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2149.
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The discussion focuses on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System which was initiated by the International Labour Organization to facilitate the formulation, implementation and evaluation of occupational health and safety interventions at a national policy, sector and organizational level in all countries. It also focuses on Zimbabwe’s occupational health and safety policy, regulatory and institutional framework. The ILO’s OSH-MS 2001 was developed to provide a unique international model, compatible with other management system standards and guides, towards promoting occupational health and safety in a systematic manner. In Zimbabwe, occupational health and safety laws that are applicable to all employers and employees across sectors are enshrined within the Labour Act, Chapter 28.01, and the National Social Security Authority’s Accident Prevention Workers Compensation Scheme Notice No. 68 of 1990. Occupational health and safety management in Zimbabwe is pursued through the International Labour Organization’s Zimbabwe Office, the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, the National Social Security Authority, and the Zimbabwe Occupational Health and Safety Council, which comprises government, employers and labour unions. It was recommended that Zimbabwe fully adopts the OHS-MS in all sectors, industries and organizations in an adaptive manner. The study also recommended systematic capacity building at a national, sectoral, industrial and organizational level to enhance effective, efficient and adaptive implementation of this tool, and continuous interaction and engagement between the ILO, Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, EMCOZ, ZCTU and ZFTU for the realization of the highest standards of occupational health and safety in Zimbabwe.
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Saungweme, Talknice. "CASH-CROP PRODUCTION IN ZIMBABWE: POSSIBLE STRATEGIES TO SUSTAINABLY REVIVE THE COTTON AND TOBACCO INDUSTRIES." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 28, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2015-06.05.
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Sithole, Lucia, Musaemura Jabulani Sithole, Cathrine Chirimuta, and Hüseyin Ünlü. "Marketing challenges experienced by small-to-medium enterprises over formal clothing industries in Harare, Zimbabwe." Cogent Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1488234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1488234.
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Soyapi, Caiphas B. "Zimbabwe’s ‘Look East’ Policy: A Sociolegal Perspective." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3539.
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The studies of the relations between China and Zimbabwe, as with other studies of Chinese relations with African states, have focused largely on the socio-economic and political aspects thereof. There has not been a discussion on the socio-legal perspectives of the relationship. The point of departure is that any relations between China and Zimbabwe must be legally sustainable. The socio-economic consequences of the relations are identified and analysed from a legal perspective, which leads to the conclusion that the ‘look East’ policy adopted by the Zimbabwean government as a way to counter sanctions imposed by the West is an intermestic policy. Based on national and international laws or standards of conduct expected of states, the Zimbabwean government’s failure to protect industries, the environment, labour rights and the trade in armaments at critical moments indicates an abdication of its duties.
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Sibanda, Vusumuzi, Imelda Sekai Shoko, and Ruramayi Tadu. "Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility to Companies During Turbulent Economic Times: A Survey of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Listed Companies." Business and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v7i2.4924.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has remained topical and contentious as various schools of thought are put forward on its relationship to cost versus profitability for businesses. This study explored the relevance of CSR and its effect on the survival of businesses during an economic meltdown in Zimbabwe. The study purposively sampled 31 companies that are listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and have sound CSR programmes. A total of 93 questionnaires were administered and a Chi-square was conducted to test and establish the relationship between CSR strategies and business survival. The study concluded that companies with CSR strategies had a higher chance of surviving during turbulent times. Following the findings of the study, it is recommended that government comes up with CSR policies for different industries and that organisations continue investing in CSR especially in times of economic challenges.
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Gumbo, Bekithemba, Sipho Mlilo, Jeff Broome, and Darren Lumbroso. "Industrial water demand management and cleaner production potential: a case of three industries in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 28, no. 20-27 (January 2003): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.026.
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Muzamwese, Tawanda Collins. "Challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming industrial energy efficiency in small-to-medium-sized industries in Zimbabwe." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 5, no. 5 (February 24, 2016): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.203.
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Gunhidzirai, Constance, and Pius T. Tanga. "Informal Entrepreneurship as a Poverty Alleviation Mechanism in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4(J) (September 4, 2017): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4(j).1828.
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Informal entrepreneurship is a source of livelihood which provides employment and income to poor households in Chitungwiza Municipality in Zimbabwe. The dominant entrepreneurial activities are street vending, foreign currency exchange, urban farming, and home industries and cross border trading. The research approach that underpins this study is a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used in collecting data. The study sample was made up of 156 respondents that comprised informal entrepreneurs, social workers, municipal officials and community development practitioners from Chitungwiza Municipality. The findings revealed that few informal entrepreneurs are benefitting whereas the majority are failing to improve household income due to stiff competition, limited funding, poor infrastructure and harsh municipal policies. The paper recommends that the government of Zimbabwe should build infrastructure (shelters) for the informal entrepreneurs in their designated area of work.
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Gunhidzirai, Constance, and Pius T. Tanga. "Informal Entrepreneurship as a Poverty Alleviation Mechanism in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4.1828.
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Informal entrepreneurship is a source of livelihood which provides employment and income to poor households in Chitungwiza Municipality in Zimbabwe. The dominant entrepreneurial activities are street vending, foreign currency exchange, urban farming, and home industries and cross border trading. The research approach that underpins this study is a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used in collecting data. The study sample was made up of 156 respondents that comprised informal entrepreneurs, social workers, municipal officials and community development practitioners from Chitungwiza Municipality. The findings revealed that few informal entrepreneurs are benefitting whereas the majority are failing to improve household income due to stiff competition, limited funding, poor infrastructure and harsh municipal policies. The paper recommends that the government of Zimbabwe should build infrastructure (shelters) for the informal entrepreneurs in their designated area of work.
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Barbezat, Vincent. "Analyse semi-automatisée de photos aériennes numérisées pour l'étude de la dynamique de peuplements arborescents | Semi-Automatised Analysis of Digitised Aerial Photographs for the Study of Arborescent Population Dynamics." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0238.
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At the present time, landscape inventories, the third National Forest Inventory (NFI), permanent research plots in the forests,cantonal inventories, regional forest planning, the redefinition of useful farm land, a new inventory of standard tree orchards but also the protection of peat bog and alluvial areas are daily business. Therefore, the development of a software for automated aerial photograph analysis is of greatest interest to the Swiss Confederation and its cantons as well as to forest owners, research institutes and certain industries (private engineering enterprises, software producers). In answer to these expectations, the Antenne Romande WSL, together with the Institute of Production in Microengineering of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL), proposes to develop a software for user-friendly, neutral and rapid image-processing, the working precision of which will suit forest and landscape managers. Moreover, the software will provide scientists with basic data for the modelling of various ecosystem processes.
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Dr., Alouis Chilunjika, Sharon Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, and Bismark Mutizwa. "Unpacking the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe`s Public Sector." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jhass-0203.154.
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The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been felt across different regions and sectors world-over. Similarly, the Zimbabwean public sector has been equally affected by this pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology the research interrogates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers ways to deal with its impacts on the Zimbabwean public sector. Data was extensively collected from documentary sources such as books, journals, government publications etc. The study established that the Zimbabwean Health Sector (ZHS) is completely overwhelmed by the pandemic, that there is a decrease in revenue collection, poor social accountability, and corruption and that frontline employees and those working in environments that are exposed to the virus are psychologically affected. The research recommends that the government should capacitate the ZHS, revitalise industries and harnessing small to medium enterprises, embrace open Information Technologies (I.T) in parliamentary activities, strengthen the Watchdog institutions and create sustainable conducive working conditions for all.
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Woyo, Erisher, and Edith Woyo. "Towards the development of cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2016-0048.
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Purpose Zimbabwean tourism, whose draw-card is wildlife, has been on the decline since land invasions that occurred in 2000. Due to the farm invasions, wildlife-based tourism is no longer a viable option. In cases where traditional industries are declining, cultural tourism has been found to be an effective alternative source of revenue. Cultural and heritage tourism represents a growing special interest market whose demand is very high; however, this sector is yet to be sufficiently explored in the empirical context of Northern Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development potential of the sector. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was applied in this study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to 500 international tourists who visited Northern Zimbabwe’s cultural and heritage attractions between October 2013 and February 2014. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 19.0 was employed in data coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and one way analysis of variance were used in this study. Findings On the whole, the study found that there is potential to develop cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe. Results showed that there exists a certain demand for cultural and heritage tourism in Northern Zimbabwe and should be developed. Cultural and heritage tourists’ spending is high per visit, despite the fact that Zimbabwe is an expensive destination. The intention to repeat visitation was found to be significant with the age, level of qualification and nationality of respondents. Originality/value The findings provides insights for cultural and heritage tourism managers in Northern Zimbabwe and similar places around the country to invest in this special interest tourism. The development of cultural and heritage tourism will contribute towards the diversification of the seasonal and threatened nature-based tourism in Zimbabwe. With a better understanding of the motivations, trip behaviour characteristics and perceptions of Northern region, this paper presents insights that are important in developing the cultural and heritage tourism sector. Research on tourism growth in Zimbabwe has predominantly focused on nature-based tourism, suggesting a clear relegation of the contribution that cultural and heritage resources can make towards tourism growth; thus, this study provides a significant contribution in the Zimbabwean context with regards to literature.
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Christie, Candice Jo-Anne. "Straightforward Yet Effective Ergonomics Collaborations in South Africa." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 20, no. 4 (October 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804612455641.
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In this article, the author discusses the lack of ergonomics input in developing countries generally and the lack of collaboration between Africa and other countries, particularly developed nations. She describes forestry ergonomics collaboration between South Africa and Chile and a consultancy project completed by a South African company for an industry in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Noteworthy was the focus on low-cost and no-cost interventions aimed at improving the well-being of workers, who are generally of poor health and who participate in labor-intensive industries in poorer countries. The successes of these simple yet effective interventions are highlighted.
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Nhapi, I., H. J. Gijzen, and M. A. Siebel. "A conceptual framework for the sustainable management of wastewater in Harare, Zimbabwe." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0665.
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The aim of this study was to formulate an integrated wastewater management model for Harare, Zimbabwe, based on current thinking. This implies that wastewater is treated/disposed of as close to the source of generation as possible. Resource recovery and reuse in a local thriving urban agriculture are integrated into this model. Intervention strategies were considered for controlling water, nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the lake. In the formulation of strategies, Harare was divided into five major operational areas of high-, medium-, and low-density residential areas, and also commercial and industrial areas. Specific options were then considered to suit landuse, development constraints and socio-economic status for each area, within the overall criteria of limiting nutrient inflows into the downstream Lake Chivero. Flexible and differential solutions were developed in relation to built environment, population density, composition of users, ownership, future environmental demands, and technical, environmental, hygienic, social and organisational factors. Options considered include source control by the users (residents, industries, etc.), using various strategies like implementation of toilets with source separation, and natural methods of wastewater treatment. Other possible strategies are invoking better behaviour through fees and information, incentives for cleaner production, and user responsibility through education, legislative changes and stricter controls over industry.
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Tanyanyiwa, Shadreck, and Maxwell Tawanda Mutukwa. "De-stereotyping informal sector gendered division of work: a case of Magaba Home Industry, Harare, Zimbabwe." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 3 (March 28, 2021): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9609.
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The informal sector is gradually becoming the sole source of income for millions of people around the world. Yet, there exists grossly asymmetric relationships between men and women in accessing functional prerequisites to operate and survive in the industry. Cultural and socially constructed consciousness within the industry, has created gendered division of work. Therefore, this study explored how to de-stereotype gendered division of work in the informal sector, focusing on Magaba Home Industries in Harare, Zimbabwe.
This qualitative study concludes that human capital development accompanied with social and financial capital is significant in improving capacities of both women and men in productive informal work. The study recommends an ideological shift from perceived oriented line of work based on gender to mainstreaming equality of achievement based on mobile societies that foster upward social mobility thus bridging the gendered skills gap.
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Fold, Niels. "State regulation of agro-industries in developing countries. Governance systems in the vegetable oil industry of Malaysia and Zimbabwe." Geoforum 29, no. 4 (November 1998): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7185(98)00020-7.
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Kumar, Arvind. "A Commentary on Corporate Social Responsibility and Natural Disasters in India." Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 13, no. 3-4 (September 2017): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319510x18776397.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of top 100 Indian companies in natural disasters and identify best practices of corporations in India. Results are derived from secondary data collected from websites, newsletters and annual reports of the companies. Three natural disasters were taken for the study from the year 2013–15. It is observed that most of the companies have been engaged in disaster relief activities for social and ethical reasoning. These activities included financial help, stake holder consultation and partnerships with NGOs, non-profit organizations (NPOs) and the government. Corporations also help in disaster management simply by engaging in their regular business. This study analyzes the role of corporations in natural disasters from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective and discusses the possible way of coping with natural disasters by Indian companies. The research findings will be very useful for Indian companies, Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), and Government, after the enactment of Companies Act 2013. It would be very helpful for normalcy of human life and business. It analyses only top 100 Indian company’s contribution. It lacks the reflections of the other countries.
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Jasti, Naga Vamsi Krishna, and Rambabu Kodali. "An empirical study for implementation of lean principles in Indian manufacturing industry." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2013-0101.
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Purpose – Lean manufacturing (LM) principles are one of the alternatives to improve manufacturing productivity, quality and customer satisfaction in Indian manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to find the implementation status of LM principles across Indian manufacturing organizations through the empirical survey methodology. Design/methodology/approach – The survey questionnaire was developed based upon literature review conducted on LM and also considered experts suggestion in the field of LM. The survey questionnaire was sent to 753 manufacturing organization located in India. The respondent organization details have gathered from the list of Confederation of Indian Industries directory for the year 2011.The selected respondents were production managers, quality managers, sales managers, maintenance managers, CEOs of the organization. The empirical survey collected 180 filled survey questionnaires from Indian manufacturing industries. Findings – The study clearly identified that many manufacturing organizations were in initial transition stage and concentrating mostly in-plant operations instead of collaboration in all levels of business with suppliers and customers. The present study found that drivers for implementation of LM were customer satisfaction and organizational continuous improvement program. The present study also found that barriers to implement LM principles were employee resistance, implementing few elements of LM principles instead of the complete package of LM framework, budget constraints and lack of understanding of LM principles to shop floor managers. Finally the study concluded that Indian manufacturing organizations have to conduct continuous learning programmed to improve understanding of LM principles as well as to maintain their motivation level in apex point. The study also suggested that a systematic LM framework is needs to Indian manufacturing organizations, which will act as clear cut guiding torch to the organization managers to implement LM principles across organization. Research limitations/implications – The sample size of the present study was moderate number than previous studies. However the study only concentrated on manufacturing organizations across India. The results of the present study cannot generalize across all the sectors of Indian organizations. Originality/value – The concept of LM was very popular among developed and developing countries in the world. Many research studies were performed across world to find the status of LM implementation in their countries. Very few research studies reported the status of LM implementation in Indian manufacturing industries and those studies also with limited focus of the status of LM implementation. Hence the study presented details status of LM principles implementation in Indian manufacturing industries.
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Chirapa, Audrey, and Lois Ranganai Mberengwa. "A- Level Textile Technology and Design Curriculum Compatibility with Industry Requirements in Harare, Zimbabwe." EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 (April to June 2021) (June 27, 2021): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i02.0096.
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Through descriptive design, this study sought to establish the compatibility of the A-level Textile Technology and Design (TTD) curriculum with the industry requirements in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative techniques through a questionnaire and interview schedule. The population comprised of 120 A-level learners and five teachers from five schools as well as eight factory managers. Forty learners who had studied the subject for at least one year and teachers based on their experience in teaching were purposely selected to constitute the sample. Three factory managers from clothing industries in Harare City were conveniently selected based on their willingness to participate in the study. Data was treated through descriptive statistics and thematically. The study established that learners did not acquire adequate essential concepts in designing, pattern making, computer aided designing, use of industrial sewing equipment and business enterprise which are critical for business or employment in the clothing industry. Some study areas were found to be compatible with the requirements of the clothing industry and entrepreneurship, but the content was not well taught. Teachers were not proficient with new skills and knowledge in the updated syllabus. The majority of the learners was either neutral, disagreed or strongly disagreed to have acquired the intermediate skills related to the updated Textile Technology and Design Curriculum. Therefore, a more skills based curriculum is recommended. In-service training of TTD teachers in business and entrepreneurship skills is also recommended.
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Jansik, Csaba, and Xavier Irz. "Kilpailukyvyn mittaaminen elintarvikeketjussa." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75472.
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Maailmantalouden nykyinen taantuma on nostanut kilpailukyvyn käsitteen keskustelujen fokukseen koko taloudessa. Joka maan ja joka sektorin tavoitteena on kilpailukyvyn nostaminen. Näin on myös elintarvikeketjun sisällä. Euroopassa elintarvikealan kilpailukyky ja sen mittaaminen keskittyi monesti yksittäiseen toimialaan tai muutaman maan vertailuun ja tutkimuksia harvoin päästiin hyödyntämään konkreettisten toimialojen yritysten kesken. Yksi näitä tutkimuksen ja elinkeinon välisiä harvoja ja ainutlaatuisia yhteistyömuotoja edustaa IFAMA (International Food and Agrobusiness Management Association), joka itse on ollut toiminnassa vain vähän yli kaksikymmentä vuotta. 2000-luvulla valmistuneet laajat tutkimukset (esim. LEI) herättivät huolta Euroopan elintarvikealan alhaisesta kilpailukyvystä maailman muihin alueisiin nähden. Elintarviketeollisuuden toimialayhdistykset ryhtyivät kilpailukykynsä säännöllisempään syyniin, kuten viime vuosien CIAA:n (Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of Europe) vuosittaiset kilpailukykyraportit osoittavat. Kilpailukyky-käsitteen merkitystä on viime vuosina ymmärretty yhä enemmän myös Suomen elintarvikeketjussa. Kilpailukykyinen elintarvikeala menestyy paitsi kotikentällään niin myös vientimarkkinoilla. Mutta mitä kilpailukyky on ja mistä se koostuu? Kilpailukyky on moniulotteinen ja vaikea käsite ja yhtä vaikea on sen mittaaminen. MTT Taloustutkimuksessa on koottu kirjallisuuden pohjalta 15 tunnuslukua käsittävä mittaristo, jota testataan Suomen ja naapurimaiden liha- ja maitoketjujen vertailuun. Mittaristolla pyritään valottamaan kilpailukyvyn viisi ulottuvuutta: tuottavuutta, ulkomaankaupan ja taloudellisen toiminnan suorituskykyä, kasvua ja innovaatiota. Mittariston toimivuutta, käytännön esimerkkejä sekä aineistoa ja sen mahdollisten puutteiden tuomia haasteita esitetään Itämeren maiden liha- ja maitosektoreiden lukuja käyttäen.
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Mancilha, Guilherme, and Jefferson Gomes. "Comparative analysis between challenges in a Brazilian perspective and worldwide initiatives in Advanced Manufacturing." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n2.a4.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze possible actions to overcome the challenges in the process of development Advanced Manufacturing in Brazil, based on a comparative analysis of projects developed in these subjects in other countries and a survey of research intensity on the theme. The first step is the survey of Brazil's Challenges in Advanced Manufacturing based on the results of a series of workshops conducted by the Brazilian government with experts, followed by validation and consolidation of results by confronting with a National Confederation of Industries' survey on Industry 4.0. The second brings a survey of the intensity and relevance of the research on the main aspects of the theme. The last step presents a correlation of the main challenges raised in the first step with global initiatives that work on these subjects, as well as a detailed analysis of the main challenges. The results highlight a direction for the sector from the analysis of research intensity on the themes and a matrix with 40 initiatives correlated to this challenge. From that, it is possible to conclude that the challenges can be overcome by integrating government, companies and universities into initiatives focused on the technologies needed to serve the priority sectors.
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Chirasha, Vonai. "An Assessment of Management’s Attitudes and Behaviour towards HIV AIDS at the Workplace - The Case of Gweru Urban Industries in Zimbabwe." Journal of Human Resource Management 1, no. 4 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20130104.12.
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Mudavanhu, N. "Occupational Safety and Environmental Risks Scenario of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): An Analysis of the Situation in Harare Chemical Industries, Zimbabwe." American Chemical Science Journal 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2013/2759.
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CHAONEKA, REGINALD. "EXAMINING THE TWIN DEFICIT HYPOTHESIS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED SADC COUNTRIES (1980-2011)." Journal of Management and Research 2, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/jmr/21/0201004.
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This paper investigates the existence of a causal relationship between fiscal balance and current account balance over the period 1980-2011, for nine SADC countries individually. The analysis is conducted within the framework of Granger causality test and Vector Auto Regression (VAR) approach on time series data for each individual country estimates. The Granger causality test results confirm the twin-deficit relationship, with a causal relation from fiscal deficits to external deficits for two countries: Malawi and Zambia together with SADC group average; inverse link operating from external balance to fiscal balance for another two countries: Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Existence of bi-directional causality was confirmed for Botswana and Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis was confirmed for Mozambique. Results for Angola, South Africa and Seychelles were ambiguous hence inconclusive. The results point to the existence of a direct causal link from fiscal deficit to external deficit. There are indications that fiscal tightening (budget cuts) tends to correct the current account deficit directly. There is need for government to develop new exports, primary products beneficiation (value addition), use of nanotechnology and nurturing new export industries as a long-term measure.In Zimbabwe and to some extent Swaziland the current account can be used to address the budget balance. Countries such as Malawi and Zambia, which have shown evidence of the twin deficit, imply that policymakers must consider fiscal consolidation. Fiscal consolidation has proved to be effective;however half-hearted fiscal adjustments are doomed to fail. The relationship between the twomacroeconomic variables changes over time depending on the dynamics of the economy. Again, given the intricacies that are innate in mixed economies, it may not be possible to authenticate a tight and steady connection between the two deficits. Government Organizations.
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Kiander, Jaakko, Pekka Sauramo, and Hannu Tanninen. "Finnish incomes policy as corporatist political exchange: development of social capital and the social wage." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 17, no. 4 (November 2011): 515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258911419772.
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This article deals with Finnish incomes policy as a special type of political exchange between the social partners and the government. The continuity of this political exchange requires a common ground of values and trust. In the article, these prerequisites are characterized in terms of the concept of social capital. The article also emphasizes the importance of centrally negotiated incomes policy agreements as an important institutional framework within which the Finnish welfare state has evolved. Owing to the traditionally close relationship between centrally negotiated incomes policy agreements and welfare reforms, the end of centrally negotiated incomes policy agreements declared by one social partner – namely, the Confederation of Finnish Industries – is likely to affect not only the manner in which wages are negotiated in the future but also the tradition of political exchange between the social partners and the government. Cet article traite de la politique finlandaise des revenus comme d’un type particulier d’échange politique entre les partenaires sociaux et le gouvernement. La continuité de cet échange politique requiert une base commune de valeurs et de confiance. Dans cet article, ces conditions préalables sont caractérisées en recourant au concept de capital social. L'article souligne également l’importance de la négociation centralisée des accords sur la politique des revenus, en tant que cadre institutionnel important dans lequel se poursuit l’évolution de l’État-providence finlandais. En raison de la relation traditionnellement étroite entre les accords de politique des revenus issus d'une négociation centralisée, d’une part, et les réformes de l’État-providence, d’autre part, la fin de ces accords de politique des revenus issus d’une négociation centralisée, proclamée par un partenaire social – la Confédération des industries finlandaises –, devait affecter non seulement la manière dont les salaires seront négociés dans l’avenir, mais aussi la tradition de l’échange politique entre partenaires sociaux et gouvernement. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der finnischen Lohn- und Gehaltspolitik, die auf einer besonderen Form des politischen Austausches zwischen den Sozialpartnern und der Regierung beruht. Die Konti-nuität dieses politischen Austausches setzt eine Basis gemeinsamer Werte und des Vertrauens voraus, die wir als “Sozialkapital” bezeichnen. Ferner wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die zentral ausgehandelten Abkommen über die Lohn- und Gehaltspolitik einen wichtigen institutionellen Rahmen bilden, in dem sich der finnische Wohlfahrtsstaat entwickelt hat. Traditionell besteht in Finnland eine enge Beziehung zwischen zentral ausgehandelten Lohnabkommen und sozialen Reformen. Die Erklärung eines Sozialpartners – des finnischen Arbeitgeberverbands – keine zentralen Lohnabkommen mehr auszuhandeln, wird somit nicht nur einen Einfluss auf die Lohnverhandlungsmodalitäten haben, sondern auch auf die Tradition des politischen Austausches zwischen den Sozialpartnern und der Regierung.
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Rautenbach, Christa. "Editorial." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2295.
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EditorialThe first 11 articles in the first issue of 2014 deal with global legal topics ranging from outer space to domestic South African matters and legal challenges in other African countries, such as Uganda, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Anél Ferreira-Snyman discusses legal challenges relating to the commercial use of outer space, with specific reference to space tourism. She points out that the current legal framework is outdated and no longer deals adequately with the rapidly developing space tourism industry. Further away from the moon, although it deals with creations of the mind and is just as mysterious for the average person, is the contribution of André van der Walt and Richard Shay, which analyses the South African Constitutional Court's treatment of intellectual property. They focus on the methodology that the Court has formulated to assess if state interference complies with constitutional provisions to determine if state intervention into property interests has been legitimate. The third contribution, by Joel Baloyi, also deals with a creation of the mind, namely copyright. He attempts through a comparative analysis to demystify the role of copyright as a tool for economic development in Africa and criticises the stifling effect the transferability principle has on the effectiveness of copyright in certain African countries. Bradley Slade discusses the differences between the concepts "public purpose" and "public interest" in the context of third party transfers as a result of property being expropriated for the realisation of public purposes in the fourth contribution. The influence of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 on organ transplants is the topic of the fifth contribution, by Debbie Labuschagne and Pieter Carstens. They come to the conclusion that the South African government has failed to provide an effective legal framework to relieve the shortage of human organs available for transplantation. Sixthly, Lize Mills discusses recently proposed regulations prohibiting the advertising and promotion of infant formulae and other products marketed as being suitable for infants or young children with the purpose of promoting breast-feeding. The last five articles move further afield and deal with legal issues elsewhere in Africa. Dana van der Merwe gives a comparative overview of the relationship between digital information in certain legal fields in South Africa and Uganda. Nazreen Shaik-Premanov examines Zimbabwe's Marange conflict diamond situation and Lovemore Chiduza analyses the Zimbabwean constitutional provisions on judicial independence. Peter Obutte scrutinises ICT laws in Nigeria and the last two authors, Serges Kamga and Ogechukwu Ajoku, reflect on addressing human rights violations by extractive industries in both South Africa and Nigeria.Four notes are also published in this issue. The first one is an overview article by Christa Rautenbach dealing with the modern-day impact of cultural and religious diversity as reflected in the book on "Managing Family Justice in Diverse Societies". The other four notes are case discussions. The first one is a discussion of the case of Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe v Louis Karel Fick by Erika de Wet. The second one is a discussion of the case of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality by Warren Freedman, and the last one is a discussion of the case of Apollo Tyres v South Africa (Pty) Ltd v CCMA by Shamier Ebrahim.Editor: Prof C Rautenbach
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Bertouille, S. "Wildlife law and policy." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 2 (December 2012): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0159.
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One of the crucial issues of our decades is how to stop the loss of biodiversity. Policy–makers need reliable data to base their decisions on. Managing wildlife populations requires, first of all, science–based knowledge of their abundance, dynamics, ecology, behaviour and dispersal capacities based on reliable qualitative data. The importance of dialogue and communication with the local actors should be stressed (Sennerby Forsse, 2010) as bag statistics and other monitoring data in wildlife management could be more precise if local actors, notably hunters, were better informed and aware of their importance, especially in supporting existing and emerging policies at national and international levels. Another essential issue in wildlife management is the conflicts generated by humans and their activities when they interact with wildlife (Heredia & Bass, 2011). A sociologic approach is required to take into account those human groups whose interests are divergent, facilitating communication and collaborative learning among these users of the same ecosytem. Obstacles should be addressed and solutions devised to protect and encourage a sustainable use of this ecosystem in, as much as possible, a win–win relationship. Policy objectives and mana-gement strategies should be discussed and debated among the stakeholders involved, then formulated. Policies can be translated into different types of instruments, economic and legislative, but also informative and educa-tive. As awareness of the actors is a key factor of successful regulation, the regulations should be sufficiently explained and stakeholders should be involved in the implementation of these regulations as much as possible. Finally, the effectiveness of the regulations should be evaluated in light of their objectives, and where necessary, the regulations should be strengthened or adapted to improve their performance (Van Gossum et al., 2010).The various aspects of the processes described above were highlighted in the plenary talk and the five oral communications presented during the session on wildlife law and policy. In his plenary talk, Dr Borja Heredia, Head of the Scientific Unit of the Secretariat of the CMS/UNEP in Bonn, pointed out different sources of human–wildlife conflicts, such as the logging activities in subtropical forests that induce overexploitation and poaching for bushmeat consumption; the problem of predators on livestock and the poisoning of lions in the Masaï Reserve; animals invading the human territory; and game species as a vector of diseases in humans and livestock (Heredia & Bass, 2011). Heredia stressed the importance for wildlife managers to deal with the human dimension; he stressed the importance of successful conflict management based on principles such as a non–adversial framework, an analytical approach, a problem–solving orientation, the direct participation of the conflicting parties, dialogue as a basis for mutual understanding and facilitation by a trained third party. Heredia explained how the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS) contributes to confict resolution and in this way increases the chance of survival of these species. The CMS (see CMS website) works for the con-servation of a wide array of endangered migratory animals worldwide through the negotiation and implementation of agreements and action plans. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed in Appendix I of the Con-vention. CMS parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Besides establishing obligations for each State joining the CMS, CMS promotes concerted action among the Range States of many of these species. Migratory species that need, or would significantly benefit from, international co–operation are listed in Appendix II of the Convention. For this reason, the Convention encourages the Range states to reach global or regional agreements. The Convention acts, in this res-pect as a framework convention. The Agreements may range from legally binding treaties (called agreements, there are seven) to less formal instruments, such as Memoranda of Understanding, or actions plans (there are 20), and they can be adapted to the requirements of particular regions. The development of models tailored according to the conservation needs throughout the migratory range is a unique capacity to CMS. Heredia detailed inter alia the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels, the Great Apes Survival Part-nership, the Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and their Habitats, the MoU on the Saïga Antelope, and the Programme for the Conservation and sustainable use of the wild saker falcon (Falco cherrug) in Mongolia.The talk of Sarah Wilks, research fellow at the School of Law, University of Western Sydney, illus-trated the importance of adequate transparency and public consultation in environmental and conservation law and decision making. Wilks (2012) examined the Australian legislation concerning animal welfare and the export of Australian wildlife products and, as a case study, explored the Tasmanian State Government’s recent decision to promote the com-mercial harvest and export of brushtail possums She pointed out that although the Enviromment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation 1999 (EPBC) process intended to be open and co–operative, it is not, in prac-tice, co–operative, public and transparent. The export of possum products requires Australian Government approval under the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (EPBC). Wilks (2012) assessed the Tasmanian Wildlife Trade Management Plan for Common Brushtail Possums developed by the EPBC, the public submissions to the Austra-lian Government, and the Australian Government’s response against the provisions of the EPBC. As a result, she deplored that welfare outcomes, like that of back or pouch juveniles whose mother had been trapped or killed have not been adequately considered either at Tasmanian State or at Australian Govenment level. She concluded by deploring that submissions on ethical grounds could not yet be considered by the Australian Government because the decision to harvest or not to harvest is made at State level, and yet the Tasmanian State legislation is deficient in mandating public consultation.Data on hunting and game resources provide quan-titative and qualitative information on game species, but moreover, game monitoring has shown to be efficient in identifying threats to biodiversity, such as biodiversity problems in agriculture and forest ecosystems, and also to be an early warning in assessing threats from invasive alien species (Sennerby Forsse, 2010). They are an essential tool for game managers, scientists and policy–makers, and hunters and hunter organisations are key resources in the collection of this information.The ARTEMIS data bank was initiated by the Federation of Asssociations of Hunting and Conservation of the Euro-pean Union FACE (see ARTEMIS website) to improve information about game in support of existing and emer-ging European policies. The objective of ARTEMIS is to centralise and analyse, in a coordinated and coherent Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.2 (2012)161extending the ban to all waterfowl hunting and not only that undertaken in protected wetlands.The presentation of K. E. Skordas, from the Hunting Federation of Macedonia and Thrace, Research Divi-sion, Greece, illustrated the contribution of the Hellenic Hunters Confederation (HHC) to law enforcement for wildlife protection. It showed how stakeholders, hun-ters, set up heir own Game Warden Service in 1999, through their Hunting Associations, in order to assume responsibility for the control of illegal hunting and wil-dlife protection, in collaboration with the local Forest Service. These game wardens carry out repressive and preventive controls and prosecutions. Besides this initiative, information campaigns are organised by the HHC to improve hunters’ awareness (see website of the Hellenic Hunters Confederation, HHC). Skordas & Papaspyropoulos (2011) analysed the relation between law enforcement, hunter awareness and infringement categories, classed in degree of influencing wildlife protection. They observed a strong reduction in the number of infringements; particularly, they found that hunting out of season and hunting without a license decreased from 23.4% to 7.31% and from 30.12% to 11.8%, respectively.All the talks presented in this session stressed the importance of dialogue in wildlife management as a basis for mutual understanding. Communication and involvement of the local actors/stakeholders are key factors at different stages of wildlife management: when collecting reliable data on which policy–makers may draw up their decisions, when debating policy objectives and strategies, and when implementing regulations and administrative acts
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Vinti, Clive. "A Critical Assessment of the Zimbabwe-South Africa Import Licensing Dispute." Southern African Public Law 34, no. 1 (October 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/2959.
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The gravamen of the dispute between Zimbabwe and South Africa is the introduction by Zimbabwe of an import-licensing regime for various goods through Statutory Instrument 64 of 2016 (‘the Instrument’). Zimbabwe alleges that the Instrument is primarily aimed at protecting local industries and alleviating balance of payment challenges. Consequently, this article assesses the legality of the Zimbabwe import-licensing regime implemented primarily against goods from South Africa by examining the grounds of justification proffered by Zimbabwe. The article contends, first, that the Instrument is a quantitative restriction that violates Articles XI.1 and XIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Secondly, the article argues that the Instrument falls foul of the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures in that the administration of the measure is unduly burdensome and goes beyond the extent necessary. Thirdly, the article contends that the Instrument fails to fulfil the requirements for a valid ‘safeguard measure’ in the manner contemplated by Article XIX of GATT and the Agreement on Safeguards. In the alternative, the article argues that the urgency of the situation in Zimbabwe is such that any delay would cause irreparable damage and therefore entitles Zimbabwe to exercise the right to implement safeguard measures. Lastly, the article contends that the Instrument is substantially in line with the ‘balance of payments’ exception as postulated by the Understanding on the Balance of Payments Provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and GATT.
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Murombo, Tumai. "The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in Zimbabwe: an appraisal of prospects and challenges." Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, March 15, 2021, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2021.1894006.
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MacDonald, Edward. "Economic Dislocation and Resiliency on Prince Edward Island: Small Producer, Distant Markets." London Journal of Canadian Studies, January 1, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2016v31.003.
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In some ways the story of post-Confederation Prince Edward Island can be told as a search to find a replacement for the Island’s shipbuilding industry. For much of the nineteenth century, the export of locally constructed wooden sailing ships underpinned the colonial economy, providing widespread employment, enabling a profitable carrying trade and financing consumer expenditures. But in the late 1870s, the local shipbuilding industry essentially collapsed, squeezed between declining ship prices and freight rates, rising costs and competing technologies. Afterwards, the Island economy struggled to sustain itself, hampered by persistent out-migration, a small resource base and the state’s financial incapacity. Several new initiatives did provide partial answers to the Island’s economic dilemma. A case study of four industries – lobster fishing, fox farming, the seed potato industry and tourism – frames the issues facing Prince Edward Island in the century after 1873 and the strategies that the Islanders adopted to address them.
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Unger, Matthew P. "Winter’s Topography, Law, and the Colonial Legal Imaginary in British Columbia." Space and Culture, May 24, 2021, 120633122110140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/12063312211014033.
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This article examines how images of nature, weather, and topography disclose a politics of recognition (who is visible/invisible) invested in a burgeoning criminal justice milieu, where punishment of wrongdoing became increasingly racialized in British Columbia during the early confederation period of Canada’s history. Drawing from archived court documents and colonial writing, it examines dominant environmental metaphors and tropes that structured this politics of recognition within the colonial legal imaginary. I argue that images and understandings of topography, nature, weather, and seasons shaped the background enactment of law in early Canadian lawmaking practices. By examining these natural tropes, this article seeks to understand the contours of a contextually specific colonial legal imaginary as a vital component for entry into the criminal justice system. This colonial legal imaginary predisposes certain groups, and particularly Indigenous peoples, as subject to the constraining power of law, thereby fueling the growth of crime control industries over the last 150 years.
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Chirasha, Vonai, and Christian Sauti. "The Precariat Soldiering on despite Challenges: A Comparative Study of Company A in the Agricultural Industry and Company B in the Hospitality Industry in Zimbabwe." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 44 (May 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2664-3731/8042.
Full textAbstract:
Interrogating the precariat who soldier on in the face of numerous challenges in the agricultural and hospitality industries in Zimbabwe has become necessary in the light of the dilapidating economic environment in Zimbabwe. This study sought to unveil the factors behind the precariat who soldier on despite challenges faced at the workplace. A sample size of 16 participants was chosen from each company through convenience and purposive sampling. Data were gathered using a combination of unstructured interviews, content analysis of secondary sources and self-administered questionnaires. A thematic analysis approach was used to interpret and analyse the study findings. With the use of the employment strain model, the research established that despite the myriad of challenges faced by the precariat, there are motivating factors that help them to endure all the hardships. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial activities, counterproductive behaviours, and working hard helped to endure hardships. Organisations are on the receiving end of poor performance, poor quality service, high costs and high accident rates, among other things. Recommendations are for the companies to develop precarious employment policies to govern the working conditions for the precariat, to adhere to the existing legal frameworks for precarious work, and for the HR department to advise workers and management that the precariat should be treated equitably and enjoy workplace representation and protection against unfair labour practices.