Relevant bibliographies by topics / Confinement or particles

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Academic literature on the topic 'Confinement or particles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Confinement or particles"

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Herrera-Velarde, Salvador, Edith C. Euán-Díaz, and Ramón Castañeda-Priego. "Ordering and Dynamics of Interacting Colloidal Particles under Soft Confinement." Colloids and Interfaces 5, no. 2 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids5020029.

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Confinement can induce substantial changes in the physical properties of macromolecules in suspension. Soft confinement is a particular class of restriction where the boundaries that constraint the particles in a region of the space are not well-defined. This scenario leads to a broader structural and dynamical behavior than observed in systems enclosed between rigid walls. In this contribution, we study the ordering and diffusive properties of a two-dimensional colloidal model system subjected to a one-dimensional parabolic trap. Increasing the trap strength makes it possible to go through weak to strong confinement, allowing a dimensional transition from two- to one-dimension. The non-monotonic response of the static and dynamical properties to the gradual dimensionality change affects the system phase behavior. We find that the particle dynamics are connected to the structural transitions induced by the parabolic trap. In particular, at low and intermediate confinement regimes, complex structural and dynamical scenarios arise, where the softness of the external potential induces melting and freezing, resulting in faster and slower particle diffusion, respectively. Besides, at strong confinements, colloids move basically along one direction, and the whole system behaves structurally and dynamically similar to a one-dimensional colloidal system.
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Yu, Shi, Jiaxin Wu, Xianliang Meng, Ruizhi Chu, Xiao Li, and Guoguang Wu. "Mesoscale Simulation of Bacterial Chromosome and Cytoplasmic Nanoparticles in Confinement." Entropy 23, no. 5 (2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050542.

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In this study we investigated, using a simple polymer model of bacterial chromosome, the subdiffusive behaviors of both cytoplasmic particles and various loci in different cell wall confinements. Non-Gaussian subdiffusion of cytoplasmic particles as well as loci were obtained in our Langevin dynamic simulations, which agrees with fluorescence microscope observations. The effects of cytoplasmic particle size, locus position, confinement geometry, and density on motions of particles and loci were examined systematically. It is demonstrated that the cytoplasmic subdiffusion can largely be attributed to the mechanical properties of bacterial chromosomes rather than the viscoelasticity of cytoplasm. Due to the randomly positioned bacterial chromosome segments, the surrounding environment for both particle and loci is heterogeneous. Therefore, the exponent characterizing the subdiffusion of cytoplasmic particle/loci as well as Laplace displacement distributions of particle/loci can be reproduced by this simple model. Nevertheless, this bacterial chromosome model cannot explain the different responses of cytoplasmic particles and loci to external compression exerted on the bacterial cell wall, which suggests that the nonequilibrium activity, e.g., metabolic reactions, play an important role in cytoplasmic subdiffusion.
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JALALZADEH, S., and H. R. SEPANGI. "BRANE GRAVITY AND CONFINEMENT OF TEST PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 11 (2005): 2275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024493.

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The confinement of classical and quantum test particles moving on a brane is studied by employing the notion of a returning force. It is shown that for classical test particles, the effects of extra dimensions are feeble whereas for quantum particles, these effects are pronounced. We also show that confinement causes the mass of a quantum particle to be quantized. Another consequence of the confinement is that it strongly restricts the choice of the bulk geometry even in the presence of the returning force.
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Vernerey, Franck, and Tong Shen. "The mechanics of hydrogel crawlers in confined environment." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 132 (2017): 20170242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0242.

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We present theoretical and experimental results regarding the development of temperature-sensitive hydrogel particles that can display self-motility in confined channels. Inspired by the motility of living organisms such as larva, the motion of the particle relies on the combination of two key mechanisms. The first, referred to as actuation, is enabled by the cyclic extension and retraction of the particle owing to oscillations of its temperature around the so-called lower critical solution temperature. The second, referred to as symmetry breaking, transforms the isotropic particle actuation into a directed motion owing to the asymmetric friction properties of the channel's surface. The role of particle confinement in these processes is, however, less intuitive and displays an optimal value at which the particle's step size is maximum. These observations are supported by a model that identifies the underlying locomotion mechanisms and predicts the dependency of the particle motion efficiency on the confinement condition, as well as frictional properties of the substrate. Our analysis suggests that the existence of a lubrication layer around the particle hinders its motion at low confinement, while an excessive degree of confinement is detrimental to the particle's overall deformation and, thus, to its locomotion efficiency.
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Mondal, Ranajit, and Madivala G. Basavaraj. "Patterning of colloids into spirals via confined drying." Soft Matter 16, no. 15 (2020): 3753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00118j.

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The colloidal dispersions dried in parallel plate confinement leave intriguing spiral patterns. Such deposit patterns form irrespective of confinement spacing, concentration of particles, volume of the dispersion, particle shape and substrate wettability.
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Jeong, Eue-Jin. "QCD QED Potentials, Quark Confinement." International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2022.330153.

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One of the enduring puzzles in high energy particle physics is why quarks do not exist independently ‎despite their existence inside the hadron as quarks have never been found in isolation. This problem may ‎be solved by formulating a QCD potential for the entire range of interaction distances of the quarks. The ‎mystery could be related to the fundamental origin of the mass of elementary particles despite the success ‎of the quantum field theories to the highest level of accuracy. The renormalization program is an essential ‎part of the calculation of the scattering amplitudes, where the infinities of the calculated masses of the ‎elementary particles are subtracted for the progressive calculation of the higher-order perturbative terms. ‎The mathematical structure of the mass term from quantum field theories expressed in the form of infinities ‎suggests that there may exist a finite dynamical mass in the limit when the input mass parameter ‎approaches zero. The Lagrangian recovers symmetry at the same time as the input mass becomes zero, ‎whereas the self-energy diagrams acquire a finite dynamical mass in the 4-dimensional space when the ‎dimensional regularization method of renormalization is utilized. We report a new finding that using the ‎mathematical expression of the self-energy(mass) for photons and gluons calculated from this method, the ‎complex form of the QCD and QED interaction potentials can be obtained by replacing the fixed ‎interaction mediating particle’s mass and coupling constants in Yukawa potential with the scale-‎dependent running coupling constant and the corresponding dynamical mass. The derived QCD QED ‎potentials predict the behavior of the related elementary particles exactly as verified by experimental ‎observation.‎
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Fringes, Stefan, Felix Holzner, and Armin W. Knoll. "The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (January 26, 2018): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.30.

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The behavior of nanoparticles under nanofluidic confinement depends strongly on their distance to the confining walls; however, a measurement in which the gap distance is varied is challenging. Here, we present a versatile setup for investigating the behavior of nanoparticles as a function of the gap distance, which is controlled to the nanometer. The setup is designed as an open system that operates with a small amount of dispersion of ≈20 μL, permits the use of coated and patterned samples and allows high-numerical-aperture microscopy access. Using the tool, we measure the vertical position (termed height) and the lateral diffusion of 60 nm, charged, Au nanospheres as a function of confinement between a glass surface and a polymer surface. Interferometric scattering detection provides an effective particle illumination time of less than 30 μs, which results in lateral and vertical position detection accuracy ≈10 nm for diffusing particles. We found the height of the particles to be consistently above that of the gap center, corresponding to a higher charge on the polymer substrate. In terms of diffusion, we found a strong monotonic decay of the diffusion constant with decreasing gap distance. This result cannot be explained by hydrodynamic effects, including the asymmetric vertical position of the particles in the gap. Instead we attribute it to an electroviscous effect. For strong confinement of less than 120 nm gap distance, we detect the onset of subdiffusion, which can be correlated to the motion of the particles along high-gap-distance paths.
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Kawaguchi, Misa, Tomohiro Fukui, and Koji Morinishi. "Contribution of Particle–Wall Distance and Rotational Motion of a Single Confined Elliptical Particle to the Effective Viscosity in Pressure-Driven Plane Poiseuille Flows." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156727.

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Rheological properties of the suspension flow, especially effective viscosity, partly depend on spatial arrangement and motion of suspended particles. It is important to consider effective viscosity from the microscopic point of view. For elliptical particles, the equilibrium position of inertial migration in confined state is unclear, and there are few studies on the relationship between dynamics of suspended particles and induced local effective viscosity distribution. Contribution of a single circular or elliptical particle flowing between parallel plates to the effective viscosity was studied, focusing on the particle–wall distance and particle rotational motion using the two-dimensional regularized lattice Boltzmann method and virtual flux method. As a result, confinement effects of the elliptical particle on the equilibrium position of inertial migration were summarized using three definitions of confinement. In addition, the effects of particle shape (aspect ratio and confinement) on the effective viscosity were assessed focusing on the particle–wall distance. The contribution of particle shape to the effective viscosity was found to be enhanced when the particle flowed near the wall. Focusing on the spatial and temporal variation of relative viscosity evaluated from wall shear stress, it was found that the spatial variation of the local relative viscosity was larger than temporal variation regardless of the aspect ratio and particle–wall distance.
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Light, Adam D., Hariharan Srinivasulu, Christopher J. Hansen, and Michael R. Brown. "Counterintuitive Particle Confinement in a Helical Force-Free Plasma." Plasma 8, no. 2 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8020020.

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The force-free magnetic field solution formed in a high-aspect ratio cylinder is a non-axisymmetric (m=1), closed magnetic structure that can be produced in laboratory experiments. Force-free equilibria can have strong field gradients that break the usual adiabatic invariants associated with particle motion, and gyroradii at measured conditions can be large relative to the gradient scale lengths of the magnetic field. Individual particle motion is largely unexplored in force-free systems without axisymmetry, and it is unclear how the large gradients influence confinement. To understand more about how particles remain confined in these configurations, we simulate a thermal distribution of protons moving in a high-aspect-ratio force-free magnetic field using a Boris stepper. The particle loss is logarithmic in time, which suggests trapping and/or periodic orbits. Many particles do remain confined in particular regions of the field, analogous to trapped particles in other magnetic configurations. Some closed flux surfaces can be identified, but particle orbits are not necessarily described by these surfaces. We show examples of orbits that remain on well-defined surfaces and discuss the statistical properties of confined and escaping particles.
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Teich, Erin G., Greg van Anders, Daphne Klotsa, Julia Dshemuchadse, and Sharon C. Glotzer. "Clusters of polyhedra in spherical confinement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 6 (2016): E669—E678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524875113.

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Dense particle packing in a confining volume remains a rich, largely unexplored problem, despite applications in blood clotting, plasmonics, industrial packaging and transport, colloidal molecule design, and information storage. Here, we report densest found clusters of the Platonic solids in spherical confinement, for up to N=60 constituent polyhedral particles. We examine the interplay between anisotropic particle shape and isotropic 3D confinement. Densest clusters exhibit a wide variety of symmetry point groups and form in up to three layers at higher N. For many N values, icosahedra and dodecahedra form clusters that resemble sphere clusters. These common structures are layers of optimal spherical codes in most cases, a surprising fact given the significant faceting of the icosahedron and dodecahedron. We also investigate cluster density as a function of N for each particle shape. We find that, in contrast to what happens in bulk, polyhedra often pack less densely than spheres. We also find especially dense clusters at so-called magic numbers of constituent particles. Our results showcase the structural diversity and experimental utility of families of solutions to the packing in confinement problem.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Confinement or particles"

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Giacomelli, Simone. "Confinement and Duality in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85865.

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Drouot, Thomas. "Étude de la turbulence liée aux particules piégées dans les plasmas de fusion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0150/document.

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Les micro-instabilités ioniques et électroniques présentes dans les plasmas de fusion sont à l’origine de la turbulence. Le transport anormal de particules et d’énergie, induit par cette turbulence, joue un rôle néfaste pour les performances des machines à fusion nucléaire comme le tokamak. C’est dans ce cadre général que s’inscrit ce travail visant à une meilleure compréhension de la turbulence et des phénomènes de transport sous-jacents. On sait que la dynamique des particules piégées joue un rôle très important dans l’établissement de la turbulence au travers des instabilités ioniques TIM (Trapped Ion Modes) et électroniques TEM (Trapped Electron Modes). Nous nous attachons donc dans ce travail au développement d’un modèle décrivant ces particules piégées (ions et électrons) de manière cinétique. L’échelle de temps à laquelle nous nous plaçons est de l’ordre de la période de précession toroïdale des particules piégées, période typique de la turbulence TIM/TEM. L’originalité de ce modèle réside dans la réduction de la dimension du problème (de 6D à 4D) par la moyenne sur les deux échelles de temps rapides associées aux particules piégées, respectivement le mouvement cyclotronique et le mouvement de rebond. De plus, l’utilisation des variables d’angle et d’action permet de transformer deux variables en paramètres. Le modèle final ainsi obtenu est 4D, dont deux dimensions interviennent sous la forme de paramètres. L’analyse linéaire du modèle nous permet de connaître les gradients de température et de densité permettant le déclenchement des instabilités TIM et TEM. Il nous permet également de connaître les taux de croissance et les pulsations associés à ces deux instabilités. Ensuite, nous nous appuyons sur le code global TERESA 4D décrivant les ions piégés cinétiques pour y inclure la résolution non-linéaire du modèle décrivant les ions et les électrons piégés cinétiques. Les échelles spatio-temporelles de la turbulence induite par les électrons et celle induite par les ions étant du même ordre de grandeur, cela nous permet d’intégrer à ce code une réponse cinétique des électrons avec un très faible coût numérique supplémentaire par rapport à la version existante. A l’aide de ce nouveau code nous pouvons observer une turbulence générée à la fois par les TIM et les TEM, ceci avec peu de ressources numériques. Nous pouvons obtenir des turbulences présentant différentes structures typiques observées dans les tokamak. C’est le cas des écoulements zonaux et des streamers ayant un rôle majeur dans le transport de particules et d’énergie. En vue d’une meilleure compréhension, voire d’un meilleur contrôle du transport, l’influence de différents paramètres, comme la largeur banane ou le rapport de température ionique sur la température électronique, est étudiée<br>In tokamak plasmas, it is recognized that ion and electron micro- instabilities are held responsible for turbulence giving rise to anomalous transport. These limit particle and energy confinements in tokamak devices. This is the context of this work. The main objective is to have a better understanding of turbulence and thus of anomalous transport. It is known that the behaviour of trapped particles plays a major role in the development of turbulence via trapped ion mode (TIM) instability and trapped electron mode (TEM) instability. This work focus on the development of a model describing kinetic trapped particles (ions and electrons). The involved time scale is of the order of the trapped particle precession frequency which corresponds to characteristic frequency of TIM/TEM turbulence. The originality of this model is the reduction of the dimension from6D to 4D. This reduction is made by averaging over both the fast cyclotron motion and the bounce motion. In addition, using a set of action-angle variables allows one to deal with two parameters instead of two variables. The final model is 4D, dealing with two parameters and 2D space coordinates. The temperature and density gradients which trigger TIM and TEM instabilities are given by the linear analysis of the model. This analysis allows us to calculate the growth rates and frequencies associated with these instabilities. In order to solve the non-linear model describing both trapped kinetic ions and trapped kinetic electrons, we use the existing global code TERESA 4D including only trapped kinetic ions. The spatial and temporal scales associated to TIM and TEM turbulence are of the same order of magnitude. It allows us to include trapped electron kinetic response with very low numerical cost compared to the existing version. The TIM/TEM turbulence can be generated by this new code with low computational resources. Different typical structures observed in tokamak can be studied. This is the case of zonal flow and streamer structures which play a major role in anomalous transport. Finally, the influence of different parameters, such as banana width or electron to ion temperature ratio, is considered
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Mathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.

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L’effet du confinement sur les propriétés physiques des polymères est un sujet d’une importance à la fois fondamentale et académique et est le centre d’un débat scientifique soutenu. La relation entre la transition vitreuse (Tg) et la dynamique des polymères en confinement est notamment le centre d’un débat controversé au sein de la communauté scientifique depuis les deux dernières décennies. Alors que la transition vitreuse mesurée par expansion thermique est diminuée de manière remarquable en films minces, sa dynamique alpha est invariante : ce phénomène est aperçu comme une rupture avec la loi de superposition temps température. Pour chercher l’origine des controverses scientifiques qui en résultent et répondre aux questions posées dans ce débat, on s’intéresse, dans ce travail de recherche, aux propriétés calorifiques des polymères à base de nanoparticules, avec une surface spécifique élevée, confinés en structure compacte. Bien que cette géométrie présente quelques avantages comme une importante surface spécifique et une méthode de préparation générant moins de contraintes résiduelles, relativement peu d’études ont été réalisées sur cette géométrie de confinement comparé à celles portant sur les films minces.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier le comportement de la Tg et de la dynamique du polystyrène confinés sous forme de nanoparticules dans une structure compacte où les particules sphériques sont séparées par des vides et en les comparants aux polymères massiques correspondants. Nous étudions la cinétique de fermeture des vides inter-particules dans cette géométrie compacte en fonction de la surface libre pour extraire la dynamique α du polystyrène confiné. Nous avons utilisé les résultats des thermogrames de calorimétrie à balayage différentielle (DSC) de ces particules pour obtenir des informations sur la capacité calorifique Cp. Nous montrons que la capacité calorifique du polystyrène confiné est similaire à celle du polymère massique correspondant dans le régime vitreux et s’écarte de ce comportement entre Tg -30°C et Tg. Cet écart devient de plus en plus important avec l’augmentation de la surface libre. Ce phénomène a été attribué à l'existence d'une couche mobile à la surface libre du polystyrène ou à l'existence d'une couche possédant un coefficient de dilatation important. Par contre, nous montrons également que la dynamique α du polymère confiné présente le même comportement que le polymère massique dans cette gamme de température.Le deuxième volet de cette thèse vise à étudier le mécanisme de vieillissement vitreux du polystyrène confiné dans la géométrie des particules en structure compacte. Nous avons calculé la recouvrance enthalpique lors du vieillissement du polystyrène dans les cas confiné et massique à des différents températures et temps de vieillissement. Nous montrons que le vieillissement vitreux dépend de la méthode de préparation du polymère et est fortement affecté par le confinement<br>The impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
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Sommariva, Cristian. "Test particles dynamics in 3D non-linear magnetohydrodynamics simulations and application to runaway electron formation in tokamak disruptions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0512/document.

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La thèse étudie la dynamique des Electrons Découplés (DE) dans une disruption plasma déclenchée par injection massive de gaz dans le tokamak JET et simulée par le code JOREK. Cette investigation est permise par l’implémentation d’un module de suivi des particules tests relativistes dans JOREK. L’étude montre que les électrons peuvent ‘survivre’dans le chaos magnétique caractérisant la phase dite de ‘Disjonction Thermique’ (DT) de cette disruption (simulée) grâce à la reformation des surfaces magnétiques fermées. Deuxièmement, l’accélération des électrons causée par les champs électriques dus aux fluctuations magnétohydrodynamiques (MHD) pendant la DT est analysée. Cela montre que les électrons peuvent être accélérés par ces champs et devenir DE, après reconfinement, pendant la phase dite de ‘Disjonction de Courant’. Une étude préliminaire sur les dépendances entre le courant des DE et l’activité MHD dans les expériences de disruption du tokamak ASDEX Upgrade est également reportée<br>In view of better understanding Runaway Electron (RE) generation processes during tokamak disruptions, this work investigates test electron dynamics during a JET disruption simulated with the JOREK code. For this purpose, a JOREK module computing relativistic test particle orbits in the simulated fields has been developed and tested. The study shows that a significant fraction of pre-disruption thermal electrons remain confined in spite of the magnetic chaos characterizing the Thermal Quench (TQ) phase. This finding, which is related to the prompt reformation of closed flux surfaces after the TQ, supports the possibility of the so-called “hot tail” RE generation mechanism. In addition, it is found that electrons may be significantly accelerated during the TQ due to the presence of strong local electric field (E) fluctuations related to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity. This phenomenon, which has virtually been ignored so far, may play an important role in RE generation. In connection to this modelling work, an experimental study on ASDEX Upgrade disruptions has been performed, suggesting that strong MHD activity reduces RE production
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Nasr, Sabine. "Fluid and kinetic descriptions of the mutual interaction between tearing modes and thermal and energetic particles in tokamak plasmas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0544/document.

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La stabilité d’un mode de déchirement est analysée en présence d’un champ magnétique inhomogène en utilisant les approches fluide et gyrocinétique. On montre, avec un modèle fluide, que les modes à petites échelles caractérisés par un paramètre de stabilité négatif ($\Delta^\prime&lt;0)) peuvent devenir instable par l’effet conjugué des gradient du champ magnétique et de la température. Le mécanisme est identifié comme étant du type interchange similaire à l’ETG toroidal. La résonance entre les différentes classes de particules et le mode est analysée à l’aide de la théorie gyrocinétique. On trouve que la courbure et l’inhomogénéité du champ magnétique modifient la stabilité du mode à travers les particules piégées. Ceci a été vérifié numériquement avec un code gyrocinétique (GKW) où la déstabilisation du type interchange est confirmée. Par ailleurs, l’effet des particules énergétiques est aussi analysé. Linéairement, on étudie le cas d’une fonction de distribution de particules énergétiques qui présente une anisotropie dans la température avec un modèle gyrocinétique. Non-linéairement, l’effet de l’évolution temporelle de la densité des particules énergétiques sur la croissance des îlots magnétiques est examinée avec un modèle fluide<br>The stability of collisionless tearing modes is analyzed in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field in fluid and gyrokinetic theories. It is shown by means of a fluid model that small scale modes, characterized by a negative stability parameter ($\Delta^\prime&lt;0), can be driven unstable due to a combination of the magnetic field and electron temperature gradients. The destabilization mechanism is identified as of the interchange type, similar to that for toroidal ETG modes. The resonant interaction between the mode and different classes of particles is studied in gyrokinetic theory. It is found that curvature and magnetic field inhomogeneity effectively change the mode stability through trapped particles. This is verified numerically with a gyrokinetic code (GKW) where the interchange-like destabilization is confirmed. Furthermore, the impact of a population of energetic particles is investigated. Linearly, using a gyrokinetic model, the particular case of energetic particle distribution presenting anisotropy in the temperature is taken into account. Non-linearly, the impact of the time evolution of the energetic particle density on the growth of magnetic islands is examined by means of a fluid model
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Sommariva, Cristian. "Test particles dynamics in 3D non-linear magnetohydrodynamics simulations and application to runaway electron formation in tokamak disruptions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0512.

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La thèse étudie la dynamique des Electrons Découplés (DE) dans une disruption plasma déclenchée par injection massive de gaz dans le tokamak JET et simulée par le code JOREK. Cette investigation est permise par l’implémentation d’un module de suivi des particules tests relativistes dans JOREK. L’étude montre que les électrons peuvent ‘survivre’dans le chaos magnétique caractérisant la phase dite de ‘Disjonction Thermique’ (DT) de cette disruption (simulée) grâce à la reformation des surfaces magnétiques fermées. Deuxièmement, l’accélération des électrons causée par les champs électriques dus aux fluctuations magnétohydrodynamiques (MHD) pendant la DT est analysée. Cela montre que les électrons peuvent être accélérés par ces champs et devenir DE, après reconfinement, pendant la phase dite de ‘Disjonction de Courant’. Une étude préliminaire sur les dépendances entre le courant des DE et l’activité MHD dans les expériences de disruption du tokamak ASDEX Upgrade est également reportée<br>In view of better understanding Runaway Electron (RE) generation processes during tokamak disruptions, this work investigates test electron dynamics during a JET disruption simulated with the JOREK code. For this purpose, a JOREK module computing relativistic test particle orbits in the simulated fields has been developed and tested. The study shows that a significant fraction of pre-disruption thermal electrons remain confined in spite of the magnetic chaos characterizing the Thermal Quench (TQ) phase. This finding, which is related to the prompt reformation of closed flux surfaces after the TQ, supports the possibility of the so-called “hot tail” RE generation mechanism. In addition, it is found that electrons may be significantly accelerated during the TQ due to the presence of strong local electric field (E) fluctuations related to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity. This phenomenon, which has virtually been ignored so far, may play an important role in RE generation. In connection to this modelling work, an experimental study on ASDEX Upgrade disruptions has been performed, suggesting that strong MHD activity reduces RE production
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Derelli, Davide. "Self-assembly of colloidal particles - a combination of experimental and simulation approaches." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18076/.

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In this project, self-assembly behaviour of colloidal particles was investigated by a combination of both computer simulations and experimental approach. In particular, a Brownian Dynamics algorithm was used to simulate either steep-repulsive spheres or spherocylinders in a shrinking spherical confinement. In accordance with literature, in the former case packed spheres were shown to crystallize into a distinctive icosahedral structure. In the latter study, spherocylinders clearly revealed a local tendency to form smectic layers. After the synthesis of micro-sized fluorescent-labelled silica spheres and rods, particle self-assembly in a spherical confinement was experimentally explored. While our selected method widely produced well-defined spherical supraparticles, it generally failed in inducing crystalline or liquid-crystalline ordering. This outcome was supposed to emerge due to fast compression of particles inside the confinement. In the last part of the project, Brownian Dynamics simulations of mixtures of rods and spheres in a spherical confinement were performed. Our preliminary investigation unveiled a modest tendency for rod-rich mixtures to form a binary smectic configuration. However, same-shape phase separation prominently occurred for increasing fractions of spheres. Notably, a quantitative analysis on the simulated configurations was accomplished by introduction of a novel binary smectic local order parameter.
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Regan, Cyril. "Modéles réduits pour le transport de particules rapides dans le cadre de la fusion par confinement inertiel." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14138/document.

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Le transport de l'énergie dans le cadre du schéma d'allumage rapide pour la Fusion par Confinement Inertiel (FCI) se fait au moyen d'électrons relativistes ou d'ions rapides. Le transport des particules et le processus de dépôt d'énergie induisent une physique complexe dont la description détaillée requiert des calculs cinétiques multidimensionnels précis. Exigeant en ressources informatiques, ces modules de transport cinétiques sont peut compatibles avec les soucis d'efficacité des utilisateurs de codes hydrodynamiques.Un des enjeux actuels consiste à développer méthodes efficaces qui rendent compte des principales caractéristiques du processus de transport cinétique et qui soient suffisamment rapides pour être couplées à un calcul intégré d'assemblage de combustible et de combustion. J'ai étudié dans ce travail deux modèles de transport de particules chargées, qui tendent à répondre à ces besoins. Le premier modèle (Trumpet) est une extension à deux dimensions d'un modèle simplifié considérant un angle de diffusion moyen. Le second modèle (M1) est une simplification des équations de Fokker Planck basée sur une fermeture angulaire respectant le principe de minimisation d'entropie.Ces deux modèles ont été implémentés et intégrés dans le code hydrodynamique du CELIA (CHIC). Après avoir étudié les avantages et les limites de ces modèles, je les ai appliqué au calcul de dépôt d'ions énergétiques dans une cible compressée. Nous avons modélisé un diagnostic d'imagerie protonique d'une expérience de compression d'un cylindre par laser et analysé l'allumage d'une cible par des ions de deutérium tritium et de carbone accélérés au moyen d'impulsions ultra intense<br>The energy transport in the Fast Ignition scheme within the framework of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is done by means of energetic charged particles, relativistic electrons or fast ions. The particle transport and energy deposition process is rather complicated and its detailed description requires large scale kinetic multidimensional calculations. These codes are CPU time consuming and cannot be easily implemented in radiation hydrodynamic codes that describe the fuel assembly, resulting energy deposition and the combustion. Reduced methods are needed that account for the main features of the kinetic transport process and are sufficiently fast and efficient to be introduced directly in an hydrodynamic module. We have developed two reduced models of charged particles transport, suitable for integration in hydro-codes. The first model, called Trumpet, is a two-dimensional extension of a simplified 1D model for the average scattering angle. The second model called M1 is a simplification of the Fokker Planck equation, based one the angular closure respecting the minimum entropy principle. These two models have been integrated in the CELIA hydrodynamic code (CHIC). After considering the advantages and limitations of these models, we used them to calculate the ion energy deposition in a compressed target. We have modelled the protonic radiography of a cylindrical laser-driven impulsion, and analyse a new fast ignition scheme with fast deuterium tritium and carbon ions accelerated by laser
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Agranovski, Victoria. "Measuring Intrinsic Fluorescence Of Airborne Particles For Real-Time Monitoring Of Viable Bioaerosols." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16080/.

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Development of the advanced, real-time methods for monitoring of bioaerosols is becoming increasingly important. At present, the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS, Model 3312, TSI, St. Paul., MN) is the only commercially available method for in-situ, continuous measurements of viable airborne microorganisms. Research included in this thesis aimed towards comprehensive evaluation of the method over a wide range of operating conditions, linking the experimental results to the theoretical basis of its design and operation, and to developing a scientific basis for its application to real-time monitoring of bioaerosols. Specifically, due to a growing concern in the general community about the environmental and health aspects of biological aerosols originated from various types of agricultural operations including animal farming, this research was focussed on developing a research methodology/strategy for applying the method to the investigation of bioaerosols in the swine confinement buildings (SCB). Investigations under controlled laboratory conditions were primarily concerned with selectivity, sensitivity, counting efficiency, and detection limits of the spectrometer. This study also examined the effect of physiological state (metabolic activity) of bacteria on the performance characteristics of the method. The practical implications of the research findings are discussed in this thesis. Further field investigations undertaken on a pig farm advanced understanding of the UVAPS performance in the real-life environmental settings. The research also provided a new insight on the particle size distribution and the effect of on-farm-activities on aerosol load inside the SCBs, for both biological and non-biological aerosols. This study has proved that the UVAPS is a powerful tool for investigation of viable bioaerosols in the environment. However, this method is limited to detection of active metabolising bacteria that excludes dormant bacterial spores. In addition, the method is very sensitive to physiological state of bacteria and to the effect of adverse environmental conditions on metabolic activity of airborne bacteria, which may decrease the amount of the intrinsic fluorophores in the cells below sensitivity level iv of the monitor. Possible limitations of this technology include also the lack of selectivity and thus interferences from the non-microbial organic components of airborne particles. In addition, the sensitivity of the method is insufficient for monitoring viable bacteria in the environments with relatively low concentrations of bioaerosols. In order to increase sensitivity of the method, it would be desirable to concentrate the bioaerosols into a smaller volume with the aim of high-volume virtual impactors (aerosol concentrators) prior to the monitoring. Therefore, in the indoor environments where an application of the concentrator is not feasible, the utilisation of the UVAPS may be problematic. Due to the intrinsic limitations, the method is not recommended for the direct measurements of viable bioaerosols and should be used in conjunction with the conventional biosamplers for obtaining more realistic insights into the microbial air quality. Nevertheless, the UVAPS has been found to be an adequate method for the investigation of the dynamics of biological aerosols in real-time. Overall, this thesis contributes to the advancing of the understanding of the method and may assist in developing new, more advanced technologies for the real-time monitoring of viable bioaerosols, as well as in developing sampling strategies for the application of the method to various bioaerosol studies.
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Agranovski, Victoria. "Measuring Intrinsic Fluorescence Of Airborne Particles For Real-Time Monitoring Of Viable Bioaerosols." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16080/.

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Development of the advanced, real-time methods for monitoring of bioaerosols is becoming increasingly important. At present, the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS, Model 3312, TSI, St. Paul., MN) is the only commercially available method for in-situ, continuous measurements of viable airborne microorganisms. Research included in this thesis aimed towards comprehensive evaluation of the method over a wide range of operating conditions, linking the experimental results to the theoretical basis of its design and operation, and to developing a scientific basis for its application to real-time monitoring of bioaerosols. Specifically, due to a growing concern in the general community about the environmental and health aspects of biological aerosols originated from various types of agricultural operations including animal farming, this research was focussed on developing a research methodology/strategy for applying the method to the investigation of bioaerosols in the swine confinement buildings (SCB). Investigations under controlled laboratory conditions were primarily concerned with selectivity, sensitivity, counting efficiency, and detection limits of the spectrometer. This study also examined the effect of physiological state (metabolic activity) of bacteria on the performance characteristics of the method. The practical implications of the research findings are discussed in this thesis. Further field investigations undertaken on a pig farm advanced understanding of the UVAPS performance in the real-life environmental settings. The research also provided a new insight on the particle size distribution and the effect of on-farm-activities on aerosol load inside the SCBs, for both biological and non-biological aerosols. This study has proved that the UVAPS is a powerful tool for investigation of viable bioaerosols in the environment. However, this method is limited to detection of active metabolising bacteria that excludes dormant bacterial spores. In addition, the method is very sensitive to physiological state of bacteria and to the effect of adverse environmental conditions on metabolic activity of airborne bacteria, which may decrease the amount of the intrinsic fluorophores in the cells below sensitivity level iv of the monitor. Possible limitations of this technology include also the lack of selectivity and thus interferences from the non-microbial organic components of airborne particles. In addition, the sensitivity of the method is insufficient for monitoring viable bacteria in the environments with relatively low concentrations of bioaerosols. In order to increase sensitivity of the method, it would be desirable to concentrate the bioaerosols into a smaller volume with the aim of high-volume virtual impactors (aerosol concentrators) prior to the monitoring. Therefore, in the indoor environments where an application of the concentrator is not feasible, the utilisation of the UVAPS may be problematic. Due to the intrinsic limitations, the method is not recommended for the direct measurements of viable bioaerosols and should be used in conjunction with the conventional biosamplers for obtaining more realistic insights into the microbial air quality. Nevertheless, the UVAPS has been found to be an adequate method for the investigation of the dynamics of biological aerosols in real-time. Overall, this thesis contributes to the advancing of the understanding of the method and may assist in developing new, more advanced technologies for the real-time monitoring of viable bioaerosols, as well as in developing sampling strategies for the application of the method to various bioaerosol studies.
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Books on the topic "Confinement or particles"

1

Kovanen, M. A. Monte Carlo study of charged particle behaviour in tokamak plasmas. Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1992.

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Japan-U, S. Workshop on Impurity and Particle Control Theory and Modeling (1984 Institute of Plasma Physics Nagoya University). Proceedings of the Japan-U.S. Workshop on Impurity and Particle Control, Theory, and Modeling: March 12-16, 1984. Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University, 1985.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. An Introduction to the Confinement Problem. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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David, Blaschke, Karsch F, and Roberts Craig D, eds. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Understanding Deconfinement in QCD : Trento, Italy, 1-13 March 1999. World Scientific, 2000.

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M, Fried H., and Müller Berndt 1950-, eds. Proceedings of the Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics, Collisions, Confinement and Chaos: The American University of Paris, 3-8 June 1996. World Scientific, 1997.

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Japan) IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems (6th 1999 Naka. Proceedings of the 6th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems: October 12-14, 1999, JAERI, Naka, Japan. Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 2000.

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Vogel, Manuel. Particle Confinement in Penning Traps. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76264-7.

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Vogel, Manuel. Particle Confinement in Penning Traps. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55420-9.

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Reiter, D. Burn Condition for Fusion Plasmas, Helium Particle Confinement and Exhaust Efficiency. Zentralbibliothek Forschngszentrum Julich, 1990.

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Reiters, D. Burn conditions for fusion plasmas, helium particle confinement and exhaust efficiency. Zentralbibliothek Forschungszentrum Jülich, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Confinement or particles"

1

Dagdug, Leonardo, Jason Peña, and Ivan Pompa-García. "Active Brownian Particles." In Diffusion Under Confinement. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46475-1_23.

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Rose, Harald. "Confinement of Charged Particles." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32119-1_12.

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Dagdug, Leonardo, Jason Peña, and Ivan Pompa-García. "Trapping Particles Influenced by External Forces." In Diffusion Under Confinement. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46475-1_7.

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Vogel, Manuel. "Loading a Trap with Particles." In Particle Confinement in Penning Traps. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76264-7_9.

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Major, F. G. "The Confinement of Particles in Fields." In The Quantum Beat. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69534-1_12.

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Breizman, Boris, and Sergei Sharapov. "Classical Behavior of Fusion-Born Alpha Particles." In Confinement and Stability of Fast Ions in Fusion Plasmas. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003255024-2.

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Weiland, Jan. "Instabilities Associated with Fast Particles in Toroidal Confinement Systems." In Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3743-7_8.

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Breizman, Boris, and Sergei Sharapov. "Multiple Modes and Global Transport of Energetic Particles." In Confinement and Stability of Fast Ions in Fusion Plasmas. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003255024-9.

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Gonzalez, A., E. Diaz Herrera, M. Sandoval, M. A. Chavez Rojo, and J. A. Moreno Razo. "Confinement and Interaction Effects on the Diffusion of Passive Particles." In Selected Topics of Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11487-3_29.

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Blaum, Klaus, and Günter Werth. "Precision Physics in Penning Traps Using the Continuous Stern-Gerlach Effect." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_13.

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Abstract“A single atomic particle forever floating at rest in free space” (H. Dehmelt) would be the ideal object for precision measurements of atomic properties and for tests of fundamental theories. Such an ideal, of course, can ultimately never be achieved. A very close approximation to this ideal is made possible by ion traps, where electromagnetic forces are used to confine charged particles under well-controlled conditions for practically unlimited time. Concurrently, sensitive detection methods have been developed to allow observation of single stored ions. Various cooling methods can be employed to bring the trapped ion nearly to rest. Among different realisations of ion traps we consider in this chapter the so-called Penning traps which use static electric and magnetic fields for ion confinement. After a brief discussion of Penning-trap properties, we consider various experiments including the application of the “continuous Stern-Gerlach effect”, which have led recently to precise determinations of the masses and magnetic moments of particles and antiparticles. These serve as input for testing fundamental theories and symmetries.
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Conference papers on the topic "Confinement or particles"

1

Heath, Michael, Dan Hogan, Gary Cannell, and Marie Gillespie. "Cold Spray Application onto Stainless Steel Dry Cask Storage Canisters." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0373.

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Abstract NAC International Inc. (NAC) is providing transportable storage canisters (TSCs) to Central Plateau Cleanup Company CPCCo) for long term dry storage of capsulized radioactive waste at the Hanford Site in Richland, WA. The TSC consists of 316/316L stainless-steel components welded to form a cylindrical canister that acts as a confinement boundary for the payload. The heat affected zones of the welded areas are most susceptible to Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CISCC), that may limit the life of the TSC. To mitigate CISCC during the anticipated 300-year storage period, an overcoating is applied to the heat affected zones of all external TSC fabrication welds, referred to as Cold Spray. This paper will discuss the purpose, development, and application of Cold Spray to the CPCCo TSCs. Cold Spray is a process whereby metal powder particles are deposited upon a substrate by means of ballistic impingement via a high-velocity stream of gas, resulting in a uniform deposition with minimal porosity and high bond strength. Temperatures are below the melting thresholds of many engineering materials enabling a large variety of application uses. NAC developed a process for Cold Spray application onto the 316/316L stainless-steel TSCs to serve as a CISCC protective/mitigative coating for its canister products. Testing during development arrived at nickel as the deposited coating material and nitrogen as the gas vehicle, along with a set of various application parameters. The qualified process was implemented onto the CPCCo TSCs. Prior to application, the equipment and process are validated via coupons that are sprayed and then tested to meet requirements for adhesion strength (ASTM C633) and porosity (ASTM E2109). After successful coupon testing, Cold Spray is performed on the external TSC fabrication welds, to include heat affected zones. Acceptance testing of the resulting deposition is performed via visual inspection.
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Bashir, A., A. Raya, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, Omar Miranda, and Eli Santos. "Masses, Condensates, Confinement and Gauge Invariance." In PARTICLES AND FIELDS: XI Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2965032.

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Di Giacomo, Adriano. "Confinement of color: open problems and perspectives." In PARTICLES AND NUCLEI: Seventeenth Internatinal Conference on Particles and Nuclei. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2220230.

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Raya, Alfredo, Sánchez Madrigal, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, Omar Miranda, and Eli Santos. "Dynamical Masses and Confinement in QED[sub 3]." In PARTICLES AND FIELDS: XI Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2965041.

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Bottoni, Maurizio, and Simone Mantovani. "Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Thermal Confinement of Particles." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66527.

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The European Space Agency (ESA) in an “Invitation to Tender”, dated August 15, 2006, illustrated a feasibility study of the Interaction in Cosmic and Atmospheric Particle System (ICAPS) experiment. The experiment consists essentially of thermal elements, contained in a cylindrical box, the center of which is a trapping area for thermally confined particles floating in a rarefied gas within the chamber. Thermophoretic forces induced by thermal gradients concentrate particles carried from the gas into the trapping area. Particles are eventually collected from this area. The physical dimensions of the experiment and of its components, temperature gradients and locations the thermal elements within the chamber are free parameters that should be experimentally and numerically investigated to enhance the efficiency of the experiment in collecting particles in the trapping area. To enable numerical investigations of the proposed device a two-dimensional computer program called THERCONF-2D (THERmal CONFinement in 2D) has been build up as a first step towards a full three-dimensional representation of the experiment. This code version describes the displacement due to thermophoresis of tiny particles in a gas-filled domain subjected to a temperature gradient. The behavior of the gas molecules and their interaction with material surfaces and with the particles floating in the gas are modeled with the statistical methods of molecular dynamics, based on the “Direct Simulation Monte Carlo” (DSMC). The computational code has extensive post-processing capabilities for visualization of computational results. After verification of the code, current work is aiming at identifying the optimum combination of physical parameters allowing for the best efficiency of the thermal confinement, minimizing the loss of particles escaping from the collecting area. A variant of the code is being installed on parallel processors. The article presents the state-of-the-art of this computational endeavor.
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Sánchez, Saúl, Alfredo Raya, and Adnan Bashir. "A Study of Confinement and Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking in QED3." In PARTICLES AND FIELDS. ASCE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3131602.

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Allen, T. J. "Scalar and QCD string confinement." In The seventh conference on the intersection of particles and nuclear physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345257.

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Mahr, Chance, and Bob Walch. "Confinement time of dust particles in electrostatic traps." In Seventh workshop on the physics of dusty plasmas. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56683.

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Zheng, Hanqing. "Studies on X(4260) and X(4660) particles." In Xth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum. Sissa Medialab, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.171.0149.

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Di Vecchia, Paolo, Maurizio Giannotti, Massimiliano Lattanzi, and Axel Lindner. "Round Table on Axions and Axion-like Particles." In XIII Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum. Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.336.0034.

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Reports on the topic "Confinement or particles"

1

Berk, Herbert L., and Boris N. Breizman. 12th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121083.

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Heinola, Kalle. Atomic Data for Vapour Shielding in Fusion Devices. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.zzjz-hsb9.

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The First Research Coordination Meeting of the Coordinated Research Project on Atomic Data for Vapour Shielding in Fusion Devices was held at the IAEA Headquarters in Vienna on 13 – 15 March 2019. Nine experts representing nine research institutes globally (Australia, China, India, Italy, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Spain, Syria, USA) in the field of atomic collisional physics and vapour formation for magnetic confinement fusion devices met together with the IAEA staff. The participants were theorists and modellers of plasma and vapour particle collisional processes, experimentalists of spectral line properties, and vapour formation and spectral analyses. They described their research background, available experimental methodologies and theories applied in various computational tools. Open issues related to elemental particles formed during vapour evolution and the particle interaction processes were discussed and plans for coordinated research to be performed during the project were made. The proceedings of the meeting are summarized in this report.
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Heinola, K. Summary Report of the Second Research Coordination Meeting on Atomic Data for Vapour Shielding in Fusion Devices. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.gd9j-0nr6.

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The Second Research Coordination Meeting of the Coordinated Research Project on Atomic Data for Vapour Shielding in Fusion Devices was held as a virtual meeting on 7 – 9 October 2020. Eight experts representing eight research institutes globally (Australia, China, India, Netherlands, Spain, Syria, USA) in the field of atomic collisional physics and vapour formation for magnetic confinement fusion devices met together with the IAEA staff. Participants were theorists and modellers of plasma and vapour par-ticle collisional processes, experimentalists of spectral line properties, and vapour formation and spec-tral analyses. They described their research background, available experimental methodologies and the-ories applied in various computational tools as well as the results obtained. Open issues related to ele-mental particles formed during vapour evolution and the particle interaction processes were discussed and plans for coordinated research to be performed during the project were made. The proceedings of the meeting are summarized in this report.
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White, R. B., and H. E. Mynick. Alpha particle confinement in tokamaks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6866848.

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Glowienka, John C., and Roger K. Richards. Comparative measurement of the neutral density and particle confinement time in EBT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12203279.

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Hayano, Ryugo. Development of a Charged-Particle Accumulator Using an RF Confinement Method VI. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada526495.

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Cecil, F. E., S. J. Zweben, and S. S. Medley. Method for determining fast-alpha-particle confinement in tokamak plasmas using resonant nuclear reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5792668.

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8

Brockmann, J. E., C. L. J. Adkins, and F. Gelbard. Alternate particle removal technologies for the Airborne Activity Confinement System at the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163894.

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Brockmann, J. E., C. L. J. Adkins, and F. Gelbard. Alternate particle removal technologies for the Airborne Activity Confinement System at the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7237439.

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