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1
Edington, Joy Lynn. "Investigating the Stability of Bootstrapped Confirmatory Factor Analysis Estimates for Multiple Dimensions of the 2010 National Youth Nutrition and Physical Activity Study using Linear Structural Relations (LISREL)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343847941.
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Al-Jalahma, Rashed. "Impact of organization culture on TQM implementation barriers." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8554.
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This study examines the relationship between organisational culture and TQM implementation barriers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting TQM implementation. For TQM implementation to take root effectively, the critical role of organisational culture is widely recognised. The existence of pitfalls and obstacles (barriers) to implementing TQM is also widely recognized, as is the importance of understanding these TQM implementation barriers. Nevertheless, whilst many TQM implementation models and frameworks have been designed and proposed, no study has been located in the literature that has systematically examined the relationship between organisational culture and TQM implementation barriers. This theoretical lapse in the TQM literature necessitates an investigation of the direction and significance of the relationship which can help in devising more informed TQM implementation models. In this context, a quantitative research methodology was adopted to examine the profiles of organisational culture and of TQM implementation barriers in organisations in Bahrain and to examine the relationship between these variables. Bahrain is presently going through a rapid expansion in quality management system adoption. Accordingly, the research uses four constructs of organisational culture as independent variables and six constructs of TQM implementation barriers identified through the literature as dependent variables. A set of hypotheses was developed describing the expected relationships between these two sets of variables. The study adopted a positivist, deductive approach using an online survey questionnaire to obtain quantitative data for hypothesis testing. The research instrument was assessed for validity and reliability through structured interviews. Responses to the survey were obtained from 325 organisations located in Bahrain. Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 16.0 was used to test the measurement model using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and to test the structural model using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Both models showed a very good fit to the data, with good construct validity and reliability. The findings of the study showed that group culture, which is believed to be an ‘ideal’ culture for TQM implementation helps decrease employee barriers, information barriers and customer related barriers as predicted. However group culture wasn’t found to help decrease top management barriers. Rational culture was found to decrease top management barriers as predicted but it wasn’t found to help decrease employee and customer barriers. The findings confirm the significant impact of hierarchical culture in the Bahrain context in decreasing planning and process management barriers. Developmental culture’s potential to lower employee and customer barriers was observed but was not found to be statistically significant. This research makes several contributions in both academic and practical terms. Theoretically, positioning organisational culture as an antecedent of TQM implementation barriers, this study is the first holistic approach that attempts to empirically investigate which type of organisational culture is related to which TQM implementation barriers. Understanding the nature, strength and direction of these relationships can help to inform and support future TQM implementation attempts. Practically, this research will benefit organisations who have not been able to fully realise TQM, or who are in the process of planning the introduction of TQM. The findings of the study can help Bahraini organisations to realise the long term quality objectives of the Bahrain Centre of Excellence’s Vision 2030 programme. Furthermore, the study has contributed a new empirically tested scale for measuring TQM implementation barriers - a valuable tool on its own, or in conjunction with the organisational culture profile assessment tool - for both practitioners wishing to examine their readiness for TQM or progress in creating a TQM ethos, and for future researchers wishing to extend our understanding of the influence of TQM barriers and/or culture on major organisational improvement interventions. It is expected that replication of this study in other countries and regions with different culture and context may help in developing an improved model of TQM implementation. Implications for managers and future research are advanced.
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Poznyak, Dmytro. "The American Attitude: Priming Issue Agendas and Longitudinal Dynamic of Political Trust." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342715776.
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Sanguras, Laila Y. "Construct Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory for Educational Settings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984216/.
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The present study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the revised version of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28), following adjustment of the wording of items such that they were appropriate to assess Coping Skills in an educational setting. A sample of middle school students (n = 1,037) completed the revised inventory. An initial confirmatory factor analysis led to the hypothesis of a better fitting model with two items removed. Reliability of the subscales and the instrument as a whole was acceptable. Items were examined for sex invariance with differential item functioning (DIF) using item response theory, and five items were flagged for significant sex non-invariance. Following removal of these items, comparison of the mean differences between male and female coping scores revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Further examination of the generalizability of the coping construct and the potential transfer of psychosocial skills between athletic and academic settings are warranted.
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Michael, Steven T. "Attributional style : a confirmatory factor analysis." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/770937.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate three aspects of the construct validity of attributional style assessment instruments. The first purpose was to determine the independence of stability and globality. The second was to determine if controllability was a dimension of attributional style. The third purpose was to determine if inventories that use real or hypothetical events measure attributional style equally well. One hundred fifty-nine female, and one hudred fifty-five male subjects, completed four questionnaires that assessed attributional style. Results provided some support for the general construct of attributional style. All four factors were found, which demonstrates the support for the four factor model. However, the two factor model may be the best overall method. No method factor (real or hypothetical stimulus event) solution was obtained. Possible sex differences are discussed. The findings are discussed in terms of attribution theory. Suggestions for further research are presented.Department of Psychological Science
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Stuive, Ilse. "A comparison of confirmatory factor analysis methods: oblique multiple group method versus confirmatory common factor method." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305281992.
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Rogers, Ann Kathleen. "Confirmatory factor analysis of three models of attention." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1019479.
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The latent variable structure of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) test (Sheslow & Adams, 1990) has been suggested to contain an attention factor comprised of the subtests: Finger Windows, Number/Letter, and Sentence Memory. The multidimensional nature of the attention construct has not been addressed in previous studies with the WRAML. The present investigation was designed to investigate the relationship between the WRAML subtests and a diverse battery of attention tests. Three competing latent variable models of the attention construct were developed in which the WRAML subtests were hypothesized to be affected by different components of attention. The battery, administered to 120 males between 9 and 14 years of age consisted of the WRAML subtests, Digit Span, Arithmetic, Coding, Trails A, Trails B, Category Test, Speech Sounds Perception Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and a Continuous Performance Test.Significant correlations were obtained between all the tests in the battery. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggested that a four factor model of attention (Focus-Execute, Shift, Sustain, Encode) similar to that obtained by Mirsky and others, (1991) was the best data fit. The WRAML subtests were affected by the Encode element of attention in the current analysis.Department of Educational Psychology
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Rossouw, Annelle. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the collective self esteem scale." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30540.
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Self-esteem and measurement thereof is a very prominent phenomenon in psychology and related fields of study. In contrast to traditional measures of selfesteem which focus on individual self-esteem, Luhtanen and Crocker (1992) developed a measure of Collective self-esteem (CSE) with the following subscales: membership self-esteem, private collective self-esteem, public collective self-esteem and importance to identity. The aim of this study was to determine if the instrument is a valid measurement of collective self-esteem in the South African context. The CSE was evaluated using item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the findings of this study the Collective Self Esteem Scale is a reliable instrument for South African use, but confirmatory factor analysis determined that it is not factorially valid. The fit indexes indicate that the theorized four-factor model is not a good fit to the data in the South African context and should pave the way for further research on the construct validity of the Collective Self esteem Scale. Copyright 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Rossouw, A 2010, Confirmatory factor analysis of the collective self esteem scale, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02212012-122435 / > C12/4/134/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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Valtinson, Gale Rene. "A multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis of work-family conflict." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115719.
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The large-scale entrance of women into the workforce over the past two decades has fundamentally changed the nature of work and family life. This trend has been associated with a constellation of emerging challenges and conflicts in balancing work and family spheres. Gutek, Searle, and Klepa (1991) developed two models for explaining work-family conflict. The Rational Model proposed that workfamily conflict is directly proportionate to the amount of time one spends in work and family activities. The Gender Role Model proposed that work-family conflict is moderated by gender role socialization, in that men are predicted to experience greater work-family conflict when family responsibilities interfere with their career, whereas women are predicted to experience greater conflict when their career interferes with their family responsibilities. To date, models of work-family conflict have been largely derived from White samples, and it has not been established that our models can be generalized across culture. Distinct cultural histories between Black and White women suggest potential differences in how work-family conflict is experienced across ethnicity.The purpose of this study was to test a measure of work-family conflict for invariance across ethnicity. Participants were 111 Black and 119 White, married, middle-income mothers with dependent children who worked outside of the home on a full-time basis. It was hypothesized that Gutek et al.'s (1991) measure of work-family conflict would demonstrate variance across ethnicity. The study further extended Gutek's research by hypothesizing that White women would experience greater work-family conflict when work interfered with family responsibilities than the reverse, and that Black women would be equally sensitive to interference with either domain. Results of a multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis failed to confirm the hypothesis of construct bias or the prediction that White women would be more sensitive to work interference with family life than the reverse. The results of this study supported the prediction that among Black women, there would be no differences in the relationship between family interference with work and work interference with family on total work-family conflict. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research were discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Alarcon, Gene Michael. "The Relationship between Burnout and Engagement: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1187021596.
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Rogers, Baron Kenley. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Rogers African American Masculinity Scale." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1628096558610833.
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Xu, Menglin. "A Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches for Confirmatory Factor Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555348905812841.
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Suter, Jesse. "The Wraparound Puzzle: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Wraparound Fidelity Index." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/224.
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With its widespread use across the country and increasing evidence of its effectiveness, the wraparound process has been accepted widely as a feasible alternative to restrictive residential treatments for children with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. Yet wraparound has been implemented and conceptualized in such a variety of ways that many have begun to question whether it truly is a single definable approach. Recently, a conceptual model for wraparound was offered that included ten essential elements as the key ingredients for this approach. Subsequently, the Wraparound Fidelity Index (WFI) was designed to measure the degree to which an intervention adheres to these ten elements. The purpose of the current study was to use data collected via the WFI to provide the first empirical test of wraparound’s conceptual model. Programs providing wraparound to children with severe emotional and behavioral disorders and their families used the WFI to collect data from caregivers (n = 481), youths (n = 355; 11 to 19 years), and resource facilitators (n = 610). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the fit of a series of structural models consistent with the proposed element model of wraparound. First, CFA models were examined separately for each of the elements. Second, CFA models that represent the full wraparound model were tested, separately for each of the three informants. And third, a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis was conducted using a final CFA model including all elements (traits) and the three informants (methods). Findings supported the majority of elements and WFI items when tested separately at the first step. However, at the second step, only the youth model provided adequate fit to the data. Significant modification was necessary to yield admissible solutions for the caregiver and resource facilitator models. Finally, an inadmissible solution resulted when the three informants and revised model were tested in step three. Implications of the findings for the wraparound process, the WFI, and future research are discussed.
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Adams, Lynette J. "A confirmatory factor analysis of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1878976531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009."Department of Psychology." Keywords: DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion regulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-105). Also available online.
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Criqui, Joseph E. "A confirmatory factor analysis of two competing social power measurement systems." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4168.
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The main purpose of this study is to analyze a measurement instrument developed by Frost & Stahelski (1988) to measure French & Raven's (1959) bases of social power. The measurement instrument of a competing typology of social influence tactics (Kipnis, Schmidt, & Wilkinson, 1980) was also administered to the same managerial population (N=108). Confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1986) were performed on each scale. Possible relationships between the two typologies were explored. Results include confirming a modified Frost & Stahelski scale and no confirmation of the Kipnis et al. scale. Canonical correlation yielded two dimensions where Coercive Power and Expert Power relate to Assertiveness and Rationality respectively. Exploratory factor analysis of the composite scores from both typologies yielded two factors called Positive Power and Negative Power. Implications and future research are briefly discussed.
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Nieuwoudt, Anna-Marie. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the organisational climate measure : a South African perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24706.
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The effective management of organisational climate has become an increasingly important ingredient for business success. This has resulted in a need for up-to-date research and information on the subject, leading to the development of various measurement instruments. The main purpose of this study was to validate the Organisational Climate Measure (OCM) for the South African context. The OCM is designed to serve as a global multi-dimensional measure of organisational climate and is based on the competing values model developed by Quinn and Rohrbaugh. In this study a comprehensive literature review was conducted prior to the OCM’s administration to a sample of 200 individuals currently employed in a South African organisation. The reliability and validity of the OCM was evaluated by means of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated strong correlations between factors and a good model fit. It was concluded that the OCM is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring organisational climate within the South African context. CopyrightDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
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Mann, Heather Marie. "Testing for differentially functioning indicators using mixtures of confirmatory factor analysis models." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9170.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Measurement, Statistics and Evaluation. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Arnold, Thomas K. "Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573224799095916.
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Siekierski, Becky Mayes. "Combined factor analysis of the WISC-III and CMS: does the resulting factor structure discriminate among children with and without clinical disorders?" Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4447.
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The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children â Third Edition (WISC-III;
Wechsler, 1991) and the ChildrenâÂÂs Memory Scale (CMS; Cohen, 1997) are frequently
used measures of childrenâÂÂs cognitive ability and memory, respectively. They are often
used together to assess a childâÂÂs strengths and weaknesses to individualize
recommendations for assisting them in the educational setting. However, research
suggests that there may be some overlap in the abilities assessed by these instruments,
making complete administration of both somewhat redundant. Furthermore, previous
studies have been equivocal with regard to the assessment of children with Attention-
Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on the WISC-III. Support for the applicability
of the four-factor structure of the WISC-III has been questioned, particularly in terms of
its utility in the diagnosis of ADHD based on the Freedom from Distractibility Index
(FFD). A combined confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the WISC-III and
CMS to determine whether a combination of their subtests could be used in lieu of
complete administration of each test. The combined WISC-III/ CMS standardization sample was obtained from the
Psychological Corporation for use in the confirmatory factor analyses. One-, six-, and
seven-factor models were initially proposed for the analyses. Results of the combined
confirmatory factor analyses indicated that all three models failed to fit the data as well
as a new five-factor model that was created during modification of the six-factor model.
Once the five-factor model was specified as the most appropriate model, a
clinical sample from a research study was analyzed on the model to find out whether
there were age and gender performance differences and also to determine how accurately
the new factors differentiated between clinical and nonclinical subsamples. Results
indicated that males and females performed significantly differently on the Processing
Speed factor but there were no age differences. There were significant differences
between the ADHD and no diagnosis groups on three factors: Verbal Comprehension,
Working Memory, and Processing Speed; there were no differences on the factors
between ADHD subtypes. Together, the five factors were able to correctly classify 66%
of children with ADHD. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for
future research are provided.
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Luo, Hao. "Some Aspects on Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Ordinal Variables and Generating Non-normal Data." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149423.
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This thesis, which consists of five papers, is concerned with various aspects of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of ordinal variables and the generation of non-normal data. The first paper studies the performances of different estimation methods used in CFA when ordinal data are encountered. To take ordinality into account the four estimation methods, i.e., maximum likelihood (ML), unweighted least squares, diagonally weighted least squares, and weighted least squares (WLS), are used in combination with polychoric correlations. The effect of model sizes and number of categories on the parameter estimates, their standard errors, and the common chi-square measure of fit when the models are both correct and misspecified are examined. The second paper focuses on the appropriate estimator of the polychoric correlation when fitting a CFA model. A non-parametric polychoric correlation coefficient based on the discrete version of Spearman's rank correlation is proposed to contend with the situation of non-normal underlying distributions. The simulation study shows the benefits of using the non-parametric polychoric correlation under conditions of non-normality. The third paper raises the issue of simultaneous factor analysis. We study the effect of pooling multi-group data on the estimation of factor loadings. Given the same factor loadings but different factor means and correlations, we investigate how much information is lost by pooling the groups together and only estimating the combined data set using the WLS method. The parameter estimates and their standard errors are compared with results obtained by multi-group analysis using ML. The fourth paper uses a Monte Carlo simulation to assess the reliability of the Fleishman's power method under various conditions of skewness, kurtosis, and sample size. Based on the generated non-normal samples, the power of D'Agostino's (1986) normality test is studied. The fifth paper extends the evaluation of algorithms to the generation of multivariate non-normal data. Apart from the requirement of generating reliable skewness and kurtosis, the generated data also need to possess the desired correlation matrices. Four algorithms are investigated in terms of simplicity, generality, and reliability of the technique.
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Li, Yingruolan Li. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Continuous and Ordinal Data: An Empirical Study of Stress Level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231196.
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Johnson, Patricia R. "A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of WRAML Scores in a Group of Academically Talented Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2716/.
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The purpose of this study was to confirm the original factor structure of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) utilizing a non-clinical adolescent population. Additional analysis examined the relationship between SAT-M scores and spatial relations ability. Exploratory analyses were conducted to determine ethnic and gender differences on the WRAML and subtests from the DAT. Sixty-four academically talented adolescents completed the WRAML and the mechanical reasoning and spatial relations subtests from the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT). The confirmatory factor analysis found the data obtained to not be a good fit for the factor structure of the WRAML (Sheslow & Adams, 1990). Additional confirmatory analyses were conducted which examined data fit of a three factor model found by reanalyzing the standardization data (Burton et al., 1996; Wasserman & Cambias, 1991) as well as two null models. The data failed to fit any of these three models. No support was found for the second hypothesis that predicted a positive relationship between SAT-M scores and spatial relations ability. Ethnic and gender differences on the WRAML and two DAT subtests were examined and discussed. Limitations of this study were reviewed which may have accounted for the overall lack of results.
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Uhland, Gary A. "Beyond difference scores : testing models of speed of information-processing using confirmatory factor analysis." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3845.
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This study has two parts: Part I discusses the limitations of difference scores and exploratory factor analysis for representing speed of information-processing stages in the context of a reanalysis of a study by Vernon (1983). Vernon interpreted the differences between objectively measured reaction times on various simple cognitive tasks as components of speed of information processing. Correlations were calculated among these differences and subjected to exploratory factor analysis. The factors obtained from this analysis were interpreted by Vernon in terms of short-term and long-term memory processing constructs. The use of difference scores, however, implies an additive model allowance for random error, which correlations between these differences. that does not make leads to spurious The application of exploratory factor analysis to among these differences compounds uncover latent variables the problem because it admits many alternative interpretations which cannot be tested against one another for goodness-of-fit to the data. Confirmatory factor analysis addresses these problems. This thesis demonstrates that the correlations between the difference scores can be accounted for in terms of factors obtained from factor analysis of the original reaction time data. These factors lead to an alternative interpretation of the results which is contrasted with Vernon's interpretation.
Part II of this study illustrates the use of confirmatory factor analysis with this kind of data. An attempt to test the assumptions of Vernon's difference score model with confirmatory factor analysis did not succeed because the implied model was too constrained for the statistical program we were using; consequently, the program could not find a starting solution. In order to demonstrate how confirmatory factor analysis can be used to test models of speed of cognitive processing, Part II partially replicates a study by Lansman, Donaldson, Hunt, & Yantis (1982). This research analyzed a simple cognitive reaction time task that was examined in detail by Vernon. Donaldson (1983) used the Lansman et al. data to compare difference scores and part correlational techniques with a general approach based on analysis of covariance structures to demonstrate how the components of cognitive processes can be explicated using confirmatory factor analysis.
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Merino, Soto César, and Stephan Arndt. "Confirmatory factorial analysis of Steinberg's Parenting Style Scale: Preliminary construct validity." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99933.
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The present study tried to find evidences of construct validity and interna! reliability for the Parenting Styles Scale of L. Steinberg. The instrument was applied in a sample of 224 adolescents from 11 to 19 years old from a public school of Lima. With a strategy of multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, the three-subscale structure (Commitment, Psychological Autonomy and Behavior Control/Supervision) was in general stable, although the theoretical grouping of the items was influenced by the distribution of the item. The alpha reliability reached marginal levels and the probable impact of the random error was recognized. Results show that this instrument is a potential too! for research, but these findings are preliminary and additional studies are required to evaluate the generalization of the analysis.Se estudió la validez de constructo y confiabilidad interna de la Escala de Estilos de Crianza de L. Steinberg que se administró a una muestra de 224 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años de un colegio público en Lima. Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio de grupo múltiple, la estructura de tres subescalas (Compromiso, Autonomía Psicológica y Control Conductual/Supervisión) se mantuvo en general estable, aunque la agrupación teórica de los ítems tendió a estar influenciada por la distribución de los ítems. La confiabilidad alfa para las subescalas solo alcanzó niveles marginales de aceptación y se reconoció el probable impacto del error de medición aleatorio. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento utilizado es una herramienta potencial para la investigación, pero estos hallazgos son preliminares y se requieren estudios adicionales para evaluar la generalización del análisis efectuado.
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Bansal, Pevitr Singh. "EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS IN PRESCHOOL: A COMPARISON OF CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/153.
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Callous – unemotional (CU) traits are a key factor in understanding the persistence and severity of conduct problems. The factor structure of CU traits has been primarily examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in childhood and adolescent samples, yet little research has examined the structure of CU traits in preschool. Further, current CFA models have yielded poor – to – marginally acceptable fit, suggesting the need for a more nuanced approach in understanding the structure of CU traits in early childhood using an interitem approach (i.e., network analysis). Within a sample of 109 preschool children (M age = 4.77, SD = 1.10), CFA results supported a two – factor structure of the ICU, comprised of “callous” and “uncaring” factors. Results of the network analysis identified seems cold and uncaring as most central to the CU network. Results from the CFA demonstrated that CU traits can be assessed in preschool children using 12 of the original 24 items from the ICU, which is consistent with a small portion of research. Further, results of the network analysis suggested that seems cold and uncaring may be useful in screening for psychopathic traits in preschool children. Clinical implications, including ICU measure refinement, are explored.
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Dillman, Taylor Dalena. "Confirming the Constructs of the Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment (Appa)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283856/.
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The primary purpose of this study was to confirm the four-factor structure of the 30-item Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment (APPA) using a split-sample cross-validation confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The APPA is an assessment, grounded in Adlerian theory, used to conceptualize clients based on the four personality priorities most commonly used in the Adlerian literature: superiority, pleasing, control, and comfort. The secondary purpose of this study was to provide evidence for discriminant validity, examine predictive qualities of demographics, and explore the prevalence of the four priorities across demographics. For the cross validation CFA, I randomly divided the sample, 1210 undergraduates, at a large public research university (53% Caucasian, 13.1% Hispanic/Latino(a), 21.4% African American, 5.4% American Indian, and 5.8% biracial; mean age =19.8; 58.9% females), into two equal subsamples. I used Subsample 1 (n = 605) to conduct the initial CFA. I held out Subsample 2 (n = 605) to test any possible model changes resulting from Subsample 1 results and to provide further confirmation of the APPA's construct validity. Findings from the split-sample cross-validation CFA confirmed the four-factor structure of the APPA and provided support for the factorial/structure validity of the APPA's scores. Results also present initial evidence of discriminant validity and support the applicability of the instrument across demographics. Overall, these findings suggest Adlerian counselors can confidently use the APPA as a tool to conceptualize clients.
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Smith, Suzanne J. A. "Evaluating health-related quality of life assessment instruments in severe migraine a confirmatory factor analysis /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1082129153.
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Eichenhofer, David J. "Auditory and visual factors of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children : a confirmatory factor analysis." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/514707.
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The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is a relatively new instrument designed to measure the cognitive abilities of children ages 2 1/2 to 12 1/2. The battery was predominantly based upon Luria's theory of cognitive processing which proposes a simultaneous and sequential dichotomy for the analysis of information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have generally supported this theory. However, across different age groups and with special populations, analyses have been inconsistent.Few alternative structures for the battery have been tested, especially with special populations.The purpose of the present study was to assess the viability of a two factor structure based upon the modality of input for a group of students referred for learning difficulties. One hundred and twelve students, ages 7 to 12 1/2, who had been referred by teachers because of learning difficulties were used in the study. The thirteen subtests of the K-ABC were specified as being associated with a visual input factor, an auditory input factor, or both. Confirmatory factor analysis, as performed by the LISREL VI computer program, was then used to test this hypothesis. Unreasonable parameter estimates led to the rejection of the model for this sample. This lack of confirmation is discussed in terms of high correlations among estimates, misspecification of the model, sample homogeneity, and lack of independence among the subtests in terms of input modality. It was concluded that input modality was not a major factor in performance on the battery for this particular sample.
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Smith, Suzanne. "Evaluating health-related quality of life assessment instruments in severe migraine: A confirmatory factor analysis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1082129153.
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Warren, Michael A. "Reactions to Power Scale: Construct Validation with Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Polytomous Item Response Theory." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1396287116.
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Stevison, Melinda Gay. "A confirmatory factor analysis of teaching presence within the Florida Online Reading Professional Development program." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002941.
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Casper, Deborah M. "Participant Roles in Aggression: Analysis of the Overt and Relational Aggression Participant Role Scales with Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311568.
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The peer group is a dynamic context within which children and adolescents have a wide range of experiences, both positive and negative. Friendships provide support and a sense of belonging; however, friendships can also be contexts within which competition and aggression occur. During childhood and adolescence, aggression and victimization are likely to occur in the school context and in situations where several members of the peer group are present and sometimes actively (or passively) participating. In the seminal work related to bullying as a group process, Salmivalli and colleagues identified distinct roles that children take when enacting aggression (Salmivalli et al., 1996). Salmivalli's work, in the area of participant roles, however, has focused on overt bullying, a specific subtype of aggression which has a specific meaning within the peer relations literature. To date, the participant roles have not been measured within the context of overt and relational aggression. The purpose of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Overt Aggression Participant Role Scale (OAPRS) and the Relational Aggression Participant Role Scale (RAPRS), two new scales designed by the author, to measure the aggressor, assistant, reinforcer, defender, outsider, and victim roles during acts aggression, as opposed to bullying. Additional goals include: 1) exploring the associations among the roles, 2) examining measurement equivalence across gender and grade level, and 3) exploring associations of the participant roles with measures of sociometric status and depressive symptoms. Findings point toward the psychometric properties of the two scales being quite robust. The data fit the 12 factor model and the scales measure the constructs equivalently across gender and three grade groups. The aggressor, assistant, and reinforcer roles were strongly associated as were the aggressor and victim roles. Several relational roles were highly overlapping, suggesting reciprocity of roles. Few meaningful gender or grade level differences were found resulting in more similarity in the overt and relational roles than differences. The outsider role was the only role not associated with depressive symptoms. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Russell, Justin. "The Structure of Child and Adolescent Aggression: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Brief Peer Conflict Scale." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1892.
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The importance of simultaneous consideration of forms and functions in youth measures of aggressive behavior is well established. Competing models have presented these highly interrelated constructs as either independent (e.g., reactive or overt) or paired factors (e.g., reactive and overt). The current study examines these models in the context of assessing the viability of a new self-report measure, the Peer Conflict Scale – 20 Item Version. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on PCS 20 responses from 1,048 school-age youth living in the Gulf Coast region. Both models significantly improved upon one or two-factor alternatives, and demonstrated partial invariance across gender and grade. The models showed comparable levels of fit to the data, though some loadings for the independent factors model were non-significant. Results encourage use of the PCS 20 across research settings and developmental contexts, while also demonstrating the viability of a paired factors model of aggression.
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Yuan, Xiujuan 1964. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the parent form of the social skills rating system: With Navajo parents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278401.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Social Skills Scale of the Social Skills Rating System-Parent (SSRS-P) (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) on a group of Navajo American parents. The SSRS-P Social Skills Scale was administered to a parent or a close relative of 218 Navajo children aged five through 8 years to assess children's social skills at home setting. The four-factor structure of the scale administered Gresham and Elliott (1990) was tested on this data using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The estimation results demonstrated that the four-factor structure was not supported by the data. Modifications to the four-factor structure models resulted in five factors. The estimation results indicated that the five factors fit the data very well, suggesting that the factor structure of the scale may differ for this population.
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Els, Leonie. "A confirmatory factor analytic study of the aspects of identity questionnaire (AIQ-IV)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27800.
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To obtain valid and reliable research findings it is important to follow the process to validate measuring instruments. This entails determining the psychometric properties of a measure to eliminate or decrease the presence of measurement errors. Measurement errors have a negative impact on the validity of research findings. The aim of this study was to perform a confirmatory factor analytic study on the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV) to assess the model fit of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed as part of the process to assess construct validity of a questionnaire to discover the misrepresenting influences of these measurement errors and to provide a foundation for further research. The AIQ-IV was administered to a sample of 157 participants in the South African context including different race, gender, age and occupation groups, drawn by means of convenient sampling. The research results and fit indices indicated that the data reflected a reasonable model fit. Copyright 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Els, L 2010, A confirmatory factor analytic study of the aspects of identity questionnaire (AIQ-IV), MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092012-122330 / > C12/4/67/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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Whitaker, Brandi N. "Exploratory factor analysis in a confirmatory factor analysis framework assessing a self-report measure of physical activity and healthy eating self-efficacy in pre-adolescents." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2011. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2011/Brandi_Whitaker_050510.pdf.
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Amiruzzaman, Md. "ASSESSING THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDE TWITTER SCALES: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1572861573752847.
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Sanders, Margaret. "Multifactor Models of Ordinal Data: Comparing Four Factor Analytical Methods." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388745127.
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Sarnacki, Ronald L. (Ronald Leonard). "An Examination of the Behavioral Dimensions of Behaviorally Disordered Students Across Grade Levels Utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332320/.
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A review of the literature regarding behavioral characteristics and underlying factors for behaviorally disordered (BD) students revealed that both elementary school aged and secondary school aged BD students may be able to be described by a similar factor structure. Utilizing ratings obtained on a national sample of BD students with the Behavioral Dimensions Rating Scale (BDRS). Research Edition, the pattern of item ratings for students in grades kindergarten through five (K-5) and grades six through eleven (6-11) was examined to confirm this literature-based theory.
Multigroup simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation procedures was utilized to compare the covariance structures of students in grades K-5 and grades 6-11. A goodness-of-fit index revealed that the covariance matrices of the two groups were invariant.
Since the same factor structure could be used to describe BD students in grades K-5 and grades 6-11, the means for the two groups were compared using Hotelling's T^2 statistic for two independent samples. The analysis resulted in finding a significant difference between the two groups' means.
A univariate F test was conducted for the behavioral dimensions to locate the source of the mean difference. A significant difference was found only for Factor I: Aggressive/Acting Out, indicating that teachers perceive these types of behavior to be more problematic for students in grades K-5. No significant differences were found between the two groups' means on Factor II: Socially Withdrawn, Factor III: Irresponsible/Inattentive, or Factor IV: Fearful/Anxious.
This investigation has demonstrated that teachers can use the BDRS, Research Edition with confidence when assessing the behaviors of both elementary and secondary school aged students. Areas for further investigation include an examination for invariance across (a) more narrowly defined grade distributions, (b) gender, and (c) socioeconomic status.
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Ritzer, Darren R. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the narcissistic personality inventory (NPI) and the self-report of psychopathy scale (SRPII)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37263.
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Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás, Lindsey W. Vilca, Thomas G. Plante, Carlos Carbajal-León, Isabel Cabrera-Orosco, Cadena Cirilo H. García, and Mario Reyes-Bossio. "Spanish version of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale: evidence of validity and factorial invariance in Peru." Springer, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655482.
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The Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale (SCBCS) is a brief measure of compassion, created in English and translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Nonetheless, to date, no study has assessed the psychometric evidence of its Spanish translation. This study examines the evidence of validity, reliability, and factorial invariance according to the gender of a Spanish version of the SCBCS. Participants included 273 Peruvian university students (50.9% women) with an average age of 21.23 years (SD = 3.24); divided into two groups of men and women to conduct the invariance factor analysis. Other measures of mindfulness, well-being, empathy, and anxiety were applied along with the SCBCS. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that a unifactorial model adjusted significantly to the data (χ2 = 12,127, df = 5, p =.033, χ2 /df = 2.42, CFI =.998, RMSEA =.072 [CI90%.019,.125]; SRMR =.030, WRMR =.551) and presented good reliability (α =.90 [95%.88–.92]; ω =.91). Moreover, correlations between the SCBCS and other measures of mindfulness (r =.53, p <.05, cognitive empathy (r = 55; p <.05), affective empathy (r =.56, p <.05), well-being (r =.55, p <.05), and anxiety (r = −.46; p <.05) supported the convergent and discriminant validity. Likewise, the multiple-group CFA supported the factorial invariance according to the gender of the SCBCS. Results indicate that the SCBCS possesses evidence of validity, reliability, and invariance between men and women for measuring compassion toward others in Peruvian undergraduate students. SCBCS is expected to be used by researchers, healthcare professionals, teachers, and others as a useful measure of compassion in college students.
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Bertuccio, P. "EXPLORATORY AND CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY AND VALIDATE DIETARY PATTERNS: AN APPLICATION TO A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF GASTRIC CANCER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153112.
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In nutritional epidemiology, the use of dietary pattern methods, based on foods or nutrients, has increased substantially over the past several years. Use of explorative statistical methods is one way to examine dietary patterns in populations. Of these, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a data aggregation procedure used to reduce dietary data into meaningful food or nutrient patterns based on inter-correlations between dietary items. The factors are then named, usually according to those foods or nutrients that most heavily contribute to the pattern, and the patterns can then be used as the primary exposure variables in dietary studies. Several studies have used explorative methods to identify dietary patterns in epidemiological studies, but few have validated the factors with confirmatory analyses. The purpose of my PhD thesis is to further knowledge of factor analysis methods in nutritional epidemiologic research. In particular, I studied the application of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate nutrient-dietary patterns derived from EFA. The major difference between these two variants of factor analyses is that: in EFA all nutrients load on all factors (a posteriori approach), while in CFA only the nutrients decided on a priori are included. One of the criteria used for the a priori decision, could be the magnitude of the nutrient’s loading in an EFA. CFA is a type of structural equation modeling that deals specifically with measurement models, that is, the relationships between measured variables and latent variables (i.e., a hypothetical construct that is not directly measured or observed in the study). Therefore, this statistical technique allows the researchers to test and verify a particular model or factor structure that they believe underlies the variables measured in the study. In this work, the measured variables are represented by the nutrients and the latent variables are represented by the dietary patterns derived from an EFA. The acceptability of the tested CFA models is usually evaluated by descriptive goodness-of-fit indices. Among these indices, comparative fit index (CFI), the non-normed fit indices (NNFI) are the most used. By convention, CFI and NNFI ≥0.90 indicate an acceptable fit. The fit of the model is also judged by the root mean square residual (RMR) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). By convention, RMR and RMSEA values close to 0 indicate a good fit. To assess the fit of a CFA model, the chi-square test was also used. This test has as null hypothesis that the model fits the data. However, with large samples and real-world data, the chi-square statistic is very frequently significant even if the model provides a good fit. For these reasons, the mentioned indices and the chi-square test must be considered together, and it is not frequent conclude that a CFA model fits the data even if the chi-square p–value is significant.
In my PhD project, I applied EFA analyses to derive nutrient-dietary patterns, based on a set of 28 selected micro- and macro-nutrients, in the context of a case-control study of gastric cancer. To decide how many factors to extract, I carried out and compared different CFA models that tested structures from 2 to 6 latent factors derived from EFA, in which I included only those nutrients with explored factor loadings ≥0.63. In CFA models, the included nutrient items were allowed to load on only one factor, and loadings were fixed at zero for the other factors. Since the latent factors in CFA models were derived from orthogonal EFA solutions, I fixed to zero the factors’ covariance. Then, to improve the parsimony and interpretability of CFA solutions, I also tested revised models, i.e. factor covariances were freed to estimate the relationship between the latent dimensions, and different cut-off, other than 0.63, were also considered.
Using the EFA, the cumulative percentages of variance explained by six-, five-, four-, three-, and two-factor solutions were approximately equal to 84%, 80%, 75%, 69% and 63%, respectively. I excluded from CFA models the six-factor solution, since it showed a pattern based only on a single nutrient. Throughout solutions from five- to two-factor, all confirmed factor loadings ranged from 0.5 to 1. The associated t tests (greater than 3.291 with p<0.001) indicated that the loading of each nutrient was significantly different from zero. The chi-square test gives p-values highly significant for each CFA model, that lead to reject that the models fit the data. However, because of the problems with this significance test, this findings by itself did not cause to reject the models. Throughout the different CFA models with factor covariance free to estimate, the RMR values were around the 0.1 threshold for an acceptable fit. The RMSEA values were somewhat higher than the threshold for an acceptable fit. Considering the CFA models with factor covariance fixed to zero, the CFI values increased with the number of retained factors, from 0.57 for the five-factor model to 0.76 for the two-factor model including nutrients with explored factor loadings ≥0.70. The CFI values for the CFA models with factor covariance free to estimate were higher compared to those with factor covariance fixed to zero, to reach 0.80 for the two-factor model including nutrients with loadings ≥0.70, quite close to the 0.90 threshold for an acceptable fit. The NFI values were very similar than those of the CFI, whereas the NNFI values were lower.
In conclusion, results from all CFA models are not very satisfactory. For this reason, in order to better understand the performance of this statistical technique, I tested and compared results from CFA applied on simulated datasets characterized by a structure generated “ad hoc”, such as each variable was highly correlated only to one factor, for a total of four orthogonal factors. In this case, I verified that CFA technique provides satisfactory results, in particular when the sample size is at least 500, although limitations regarding some goodness-of-fit indices remain.
Moreover, a different use of the CFA could be particularly useful. For example if the confirmed factors were tested in a different study as true a priori factors: the factors identified in one group could be applied in a different group using CFA based on the same nutrients to compute scores. Hence, the factor scores could be acceptable and robust as markers of nutrient intake pattern on group levels and may prove useful in studies of diet–disease relationships. Nevertheless, until factor analysis gains more experience in nutrition, it will be difficult to define valid criteria for a good fit in this discipline and methodologies for improving fit.
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Balogun, Tolulope Victoria. "An intergrated model of the role of authentic leadership, psychological capital, psychological climate and intention to quit on employee work engagement: A comparative analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6327.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Industrial Psychology)Organizations exist for the primary aim of meeting particular objectives: innovation and advancement, customer satisfaction, profit making and delivery of quality goods and services. These goals are mostly channelled with the intent of demonstrating high performance crucial for the continued existence of the organization especially in these rapidly changing global economies. This target, however, cannot be achieved without the aid of employees in the organization. A plethora of previous studies have proven that efficiency, productivity, high performance and stability on the job can be better achieved when the employees are dedicated, committed to their work roles and experience work engagement. The experience of work engagement on the part of the employees is not a random event; it depends on a myriad of factors that include authentic leadership. Leaders have a cumulative change effect on their followers; hence, leaders in an organization can be termed as core drivers of employee engagement. Hence, it becomes imperative to seek to understand what authentic leadership as a construct has to offer to the workplace.
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Olson, Brent. "Evaluating the error of measurement due to categorical scaling with a measurement invariance approach to confirmatory factor analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/332.
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It has previously been determined that using 3 or 4 points on a categorized response scale will fail to produce a continuous distribution of scores. However, there is no evidence, thus far, revealing the number of scale points that may indeed possess an approximate or sufficiently continuous distribution. This study provides the evidence to suggest the level of categorization in discrete scales that makes them directly comparable to continuous scales in terms of their measurement properties. To do this, we first introduced a novel procedure for simulating discretely scaled data that was both informed and validated through the principles of the Classical True Score Model. Second, we employed a measurement invariance (MI) approach to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in order to directly compare the measurement quality of continuously scaled factor models to that of discretely scaled models. The simulated design conditions of the study varied with respect to item-specific variance (low, moderate, high), random error variance (none, moderate, high), and discrete scale categorization (number of scale points ranged from 3 to 101). A population analogue approach was taken with respect to sample size (N = 10,000). We concluded that there are conditions under which response scales with 11 to 15 scale points can reproduce the measurement properties of a continuous scale. Using response scales with more than 15 points may be, for the most part, unnecessary. Scales having from 3 to 10 points introduce a significant level of measurement error, and caution should be taken when employing such scales. The implications of this research and future directions are discussed.
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Nagel, Jeffrey A. "Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Clinical Scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery, Form II." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330984/.
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The factor structure of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) Form II was examined. A principle components factor analysis was performed on a sample of 102 psychiatric and neurologic subjects. It was necessary to remove 45 items from the analysis due to perfect performance by most subjects. The results were orthogonally rotated to simple structure using a Varimax method of rotation, and then compared to previous LNNB Form I and Form II results. Thirty-three factors were generated in the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) . There was a very high agreement with the factors from Form I. Only one new factor was identified that didn't have a comparable Form I factor, and this factor appears to have neurological support. The similarity of the factor solutions between the two forms supports the continued use of factors derived from Form I for the interpretation of Form II, and supports the underlying structure presupposed by Lurian constructs. The present study also tested the significance of the hypothesized factor structures through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). No hypothesis about the underlying factor structure based on previous exploratory studies was supported. The CFA did suggest that the best factor solution to the LNNB Form II is one that (a) has correlated factors and (b) has items loading on more than one factor. The confirmatory results were interpreted as not supporting the current exploratory results, or the previous factor analytic results. Problems notwithstanding, researchers may be better directed to propose factor models for the LNNB that have correlated factors, and to work samples approaching the 10 to 1 recommended sample size for multivariate analysis. One conclusion that was drawn from the concurrence between the two Form II studies pertains to psychiatric populations used in both studies. It was necessary to exclude a large number of items in each study due to perfect performance by most of the subjects on those items. Most of the items removed were identical in both studies supporting the notion that a shortened version of the LNNB could be administered to psychiatric populations.
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Wilcox, Matthew Porter. "Evidence for the Validity of the Student Risk Screening Scale in Middle School: A Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6599.
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The Student Risk Screening Scale—Internalizing/Externalizing (SRSS-IE) was developed to screen elementary-aged students for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD). Its use has been extended to middle schools with little evidence that it measures the same constructs as in elementary schools. Scores of a middle school population from the SRSS-IE are analyzed with Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MCFA) to examine its factor structure, factorial invariance between females and males, and its reliability. Several MCFA models are specified, and compared, with two retained for further analysis. The first model is a single-level model with chi-square and standard errors adjusted for the clustered nature of the data. The second model is a two-level model. Both support the hypothesized structure found in elementary populations of two factors (Externalizing and Internalizing). All items load on only one factor except Peer Rejection, which loads on both. Reliability is estimated for both models using several methods, which result in reliability coefficients ranging between .89-.98. Both models also show evidence of Configural, Metric, and Scalar invariance between females and males. While more research is needed to provide other kinds of evidence of validity in middle school populations, results from this study indicate that the SRSS-IE is an effective screening tool for EBD.
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Barton, Jennifer Marie. "Investigating the Psychometric Properties of the Self-Compassion Scale: Using Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Models." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/637.
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Self-compassion has quickly gained recognition for its many cognitive, emotional, and psychological benefits (Neff, 2003b). The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003a) is currently the only instrument measuring self-compassion and is commonly used. The current model contains six factors: self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification. However, the SCS has recently come under fire due to limited evidence of its psychometric properties (Lopez et al., 2015). Researchers who have attempted to replicate the factor structure proposed by Neff have found mixed results using both exploratory and confirmatory methods. Our primary aim is to establish the factor structure of the SCS with a large, more representative sample. Thirteen samples (total n = 2,515) using the SCS were combined to demonstrate a more comprehensive approach to investigating the scales’ psychometric properties. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated good model fit for the six-factor solution. However, little is known about how the SCS items naturally load together. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) demonstrated lack of good model fit for the six-factor model; instead, a simpler, two-factor solution emerged. However, the twofactor model is inconsistent with the theoretical conceptualization of self-compassion. Future research should use more advanced statistical models to explain the multidimensionality of the SCS.
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Canfield, Martha Jirkowsky. "Predictors of substance use in Brazilian immigrants in the UK : the role of acculturation." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2015. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/predictors-of-substance-use-in-brazilian-immigrants-in-the-uk-the-role-of-acculturation(8898b7c8-7bc9-49e4-8309-5f466e32792b).html.
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In general, scholars agree that there are several contextual factors influencing immigrants in the UK to use alcohol and other drugs. Not much is known however about how and to what extend acculturative changes are influencing substance use in immigrants and members of minority ethnic groups. This study aims to develop a better understanding of the predictors of substance use by exploring the impact that acculturative changes have in patterns of substance use amongst Brazilian immigrants in the UK. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted in a cross-national research sample compromised of Brazilian participants residing in the UK (n=164) and Brazilian participants residing in Brazil (n=161). Initially, quantitative analysis was carried out to explore country differences in types, frequency, and predictors of substance use. The quantitative analysis was followed by qualitative data collection to explore in-depth complex issues related to social and cultural factors that underlie the susceptibility of Brazilian immigrants to use alcohol and other drugs. Thematic Analysis was adopted to analyse the qualitative data. It was observed that Brazilians who had immigrated to the UK showed an overall increase in the frequency with which they used substances, however, significant differences were only found in recreational drug use, poly-substance use, and binge drinking. Such shifts were influenced by attitudes, values, and behavioural changes, and were strongly predicted by the stress caused by threat to cultural identity. Both drinking for social motives and gender differences predicted involvement in substance use in Brazilians in the UK and in Brazil, whereas resilience, impulsivity, positive and negative affect, and reasons for drinking motivated by conformity and coping where found to have no effect on patterns of substance use in either of the samples. Overall, it seems that, whilst Brazilians in the UK are motivated by negative reinforcement processes to use substances (e.g. coping), in Brazil participants are motivated by positive reinforcement processes (e.g. enhancement). High contact with both British and Brazilian cultures will only predict substance use when threat to cultural identity moderates this relationship. Brazilian immigrants new to the UK are at greater risk for substance use independent of any acculturative strategies or stresses. Length of residence in the UK does not predict the adoption of integration strategies and the stresses caused by acculturation can be experienced throughout the life course of the Brazilian immigrants in the UK.
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Lindvall, Agnes, and Ana Chilaika. "CHRONIC PAIN A study on patients with chronic pain : What characteristics/variables lie behind the fact that a patient does not respond well to treatment?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254493.
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The primary purpose of this study was to find out which variables lie behind the fact that patients who respond well to treatment of chronic pain differs from those who do not. We used logistic regression to predict group belonging based on the self-reported health surveys, i.e if different answers in the surveys can predict whether a patient is “responsive” or “unresponsive”. By bootstrapping 176 samples, and aggregating the results from 176 logistic regressions based on the sub-samples, we calculate an averaged model. The variables anxiety and physical health were significant in 76% and 70% of the models respectively, while depression was significant in 30% of the models. Gender was significant in 15% of the models and health status in 0,006%. The averaged model correctly classified the most unresponsive patients at cut-off value 0.5. As the cut –off value was increased, the number of correctly classified unresponsive patients decreased while the number of correctly classified responsive patients increased, as well as unresponsive patients classified as responsive. We concluded that the model did not discriminate enough between the two groups. We were also interested in finding out how the variables anxiety, depression, heath status, willingness to participate in activities as well as engagement in activities, mental and physical health relate with one another. The results from confirmatory factor analysis showed that a patient’s health status is highly related to their physical health and activity engagement while pain willingness and engagement in activity were least related. Furthermore, the analysis showed that mental health is highly related with anxiety and health status, indicating that mental health is indeed important to reflect upon when considering the health status of a patient.
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Windbacher, Maritza. "Determining the construct validity of the safety survey instrument." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30522.
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Safety interventions must be approached in a holistic manner, by taking cognisance of the organisational system in which accidents present themselves. Thus, a need to understand the individual in context of the organisational system that he/she functions in exists. This study focuses on the relationship between attitudes, beliefs, intention, perception, control and the propensity of employees to engage in unsafe behaviour, with a view towards improving safety statistics. In this regard the study investigated the construct validity of a Safety Survey instrument, based on the responses (n=450) of employees in the mining industry. An Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that the Safety Survey instrument differentiated between two to three underlying factors. The result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested two models by demonstrating the minimum requirements of the goodness of fit indexes. The construct validity of the Safety Survey instrument could be established for two nested models that identified an internal and external locus of control factor. The statistical evidence indicated an acceptable model fit. The statistical evidence validated the construct validity of the measurement model. Copyright 2008, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Windbacher, M 2008, Determining the construct validity of the safety survey instrument, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02202012-123434 / > C12/4/66/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
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