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McConnell, John M. "Confirming a model of self-forgiveness." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/660.
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Korzec, Aleksander. "Confirming alcoholism in drivers under influence." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Prometheus ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/73002.
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Najera, Tracy Lynch. "Confirming Predictors of Rural Teacher Expectancy." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483207201025816.
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Hu, Zi Jun 1969. "Generating configuration confirming sequence with ObjectGeode simulator." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30669.
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Test cases are very useful in industry. They can be generated for various purposes. In this thesis the test case is generated for configuration conformance in the Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM) model. This kind of test case is called Configuration Confirming Sequence (CCS).Test case generation has been studied for years and fruitful results have been produced [1]. A number of approaches for automatic test case generation have been studied, one of them is based on the reachability analysis in the form of formal specification of the Extended Finite State Machine of the system under test. This thesis adopts such an approach for CCS generation, but with some extensions---after producing all separating sequences for the configuration by reachability analysis, a selecting program is executed to choose out proper separating sequences as CCSs.
Today formal description techniques (FDT), including Specification and Description Language (SDL) are widely used in specification and analysis of the EFSM model. A FDT system is a formal, unambiguous, hierarchical description of a set of EFSM models. Various FDT toolsets are now commercially available. Proper use of them can make test case generation simpler. In this thesis, ObjectGeode SDL is selected as a tool for system design and reachability analysis.
In this study, the method of CCS generation from an SDL specification is presented first. Then, to demonstrate the correctness of this method, a CCS generator for the Responder process in INRES protocol is designed and implemented, and results of the experiments are presented. A theoretical proof of correctness is also presented. We conclude by pointing out possible future work.
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Hu, Zi Jun. "Generating configuration confirming sequence with ObjectGeode simulator." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0034/MQ64373.pdf.
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Easterhaus, Jon M. "Confirming God's calling and election in 2 Peter 1:10." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Dillman, Taylor Dalena. "Confirming the Constructs of the Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment (Appa)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283856/.
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The primary purpose of this study was to confirm the four-factor structure of the 30-item Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment (APPA) using a split-sample cross-validation confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The APPA is an assessment, grounded in Adlerian theory, used to conceptualize clients based on the four personality priorities most commonly used in the Adlerian literature: superiority, pleasing, control, and comfort. The secondary purpose of this study was to provide evidence for discriminant validity, examine predictive qualities of demographics, and explore the prevalence of the four priorities across demographics. For the cross validation CFA, I randomly divided the sample, 1210 undergraduates, at a large public research university (53% Caucasian, 13.1% Hispanic/Latino(a), 21.4% African American, 5.4% American Indian, and 5.8% biracial; mean age =19.8; 58.9% females), into two equal subsamples. I used Subsample 1 (n = 605) to conduct the initial CFA. I held out Subsample 2 (n = 605) to test any possible model changes resulting from Subsample 1 results and to provide further confirmation of the APPA's construct validity. Findings from the split-sample cross-validation CFA confirmed the four-factor structure of the APPA and provided support for the factorial/structure validity of the APPA's scores. Results also present initial evidence of discriminant validity and support the applicability of the instrument across demographics. Overall, these findings suggest Adlerian counselors can confidently use the APPA as a tool to conceptualize clients.
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Baldwin-Rana, Brandi Michelle. "Confirming and Disconfirming Communication Practices of Teachers in Urban Classrooms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/332297.
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Urban EducationPh.D.
Interpersonal communication practices of teachers have been recognized as having a significant impact on the relational dynamics between teachers and students; however, the specific interpersonal communication practices utilized by teachers of urban students are not well understood. Although teacher-student interactions have been studied for many years, the research has not focused on how confirmation and disconfirmation are perceived in urban classroom environments. Furthermore, minimal research exists regarding how perceived confirmation and disconfirmation impacts urban teacher-student relationships. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the confirming and disconfirming communication practices of teachers from 4 urban charter high schools. In addition, this study examines how the 22 teacher participants and 26 student participants perceive the communication practices as impacting teacher-student relationships. A finding from the data was respect. Both teachers and students identified respect as being the single most critical factor to building teacher-student relationships. Confirming behaviors like honesty/openness, praise/positive feedback, checking for understanding, and calmly correcting behaviors were identified as having a positive impact on the relationship-building process. Disconfirming behaviors such as disrespect, putting students on the spot, sarcasm, and aggressive tone were identified as hindering the relationship-building process. Descriptions of each theme are provided as well as implications for teacher practice and future research.
Temple University--Theses
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Nussbaum, Arthur David. "Confronting stereotype threat : the motivation to disprove and avoid confirming stereotypes /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Chung, Chiao-Feng. "Confirming the Constructs of the Child Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes Assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500098/.
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The purpose of this study was to confirm the four-factor model of the Child Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes Assessment (CIRAA) in order to establish the instrument’s factor/structure validity using a sample different than that used in instrument development. The CIRAA was the first parent-report instrument based on child-centered theory and designed to measure play therapy outcomes. Its four factors are Self-Regulation (formerly Self-Control), Interpersonal Relationships, Coping Skills, and Internal Locus of Evaluation. For this study, the CIRAA was administered to 206 parents; their children were 75 females and 131 males aged 3 to 10 years old. The distributions of children’s genders and ages in this study were similar to the distributions of the sample used to develop the CIRAA. Based on confirmatory factor analysis results of overall goodness-of-fit indices; localized areas of strain; and interpretability, size, and statistical significance (p < .001) of the model's parameter estimate, the four-factor model of the CIRAA was confirmed with both theoretical and empirical support. Internal consistency reliability for the subscales and total score were acceptable, with an overall reliability coefficient of .928. A medium negative correlation (r = -.417, n = 47, p < .01) was found between the CIRAA total scores and Child Behavior Checklist Total Problems scores, a result in the expected direction. All subscales and total scores, except the Internal Locus of Evaluation score, distinguished differences between non-clinical and clinical samples. Altogether, results indicated that the CIRAA is appropriate for making clinical decisions about individuals. Limitations, additional implications, and future research are discussed.
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Mah, Dean Yon. "A biochemical and molecular genetic approach to confirming the clinical diagnosis of choroideremia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ47062.pdf.
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Back, Christina. "The Legal Process in Child Sexual Abuse : Difficulties in confirming evidence and providing support." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85553.
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The overall purpose of this thesis was to study the situation of such children in the legal process. In depth-interviews were carried out on ten children aged 8-18 years old. The interviews focused on the children´s experiences and perceptions of meeting with various professionals in the legal process. In-depth interviews were also conducted with nine parents of children who had been sexually abused and who had entered into a legal process. Parents described how they experienced the situation for their children as victims, but also their experiences as parents whose children participated in a legal process. Seven prosecutors with experience of cases where children were plaintiffs were also interviewed in this study. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This is an appropriate method to explore the participants´ life-world/personal-world and the individuals´ personal perceptions of objects or events, as opposed to an attempt to produce an objective account. In the first study (study I) on the children, five major themes emerged through the analysis: not being believed, making child sexual abuse visible, need for support, sanctions for offenders and lack of respect for the child´s integrity. Almost all of the children had a feeling of not being believed. In the study (study II) on the parents, three superordinate themes emerged from an analysis of the data: stigmatization, need for support in the parental role and transforming consequences to reality. Three themes emerged from prosecutors study (study III) difficulties with the evidence of crime, children´s special needs and children´s dependence on adults. The informants´ descriptions of how they perceived the children in the legal process were associated with their experience of the difficulty of finding proof of the crime. The aim of study IV was to identify and describe the obstacles that can prevent children from talking about sexual abuse in a police interview. Data consisted of 28 investigative interviews with children and 12 police interrogations with non-offending parents. Data interpretation and analysis were based on content analysis. The following categories were identified: not being believed/telling the truth, need for support and dependence on adults, guilt and shame, fear and difficulty in spatial and temporal characterization. The main conclusion of the thesis is that there are difficulties in confirming evidence when children who have suffered sexual abuse are involved in a legal process. It is also concluded that there is an absence of models with the aim to support children and parents going through the process.
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Bingham, John Byron. "Multiple obligations: distinguishing the dimensionality and confirming the role of ideology within the psychological contract framework." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4336.
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I seek to further understand and empirically test the role of ideology, or
commitment to an espoused cause, as part of a multidimensional psychological contract
among employees in organizational settings. I present and provide a preliminary
validation of a measure of ideological contracts and propose a model that suggests
employees develop perceived obligations with their employers based on economic,
social, and ideological reasons. Different behaviors are likely to be expected based on
the obligation types that are most significant to the employees. Specifically, my model
suggests obligations stemming from the espousal of a cause may elicit positive employee
contributions toward organizational goals. Further, I posit that employees may seek to
benefit distinct individuals and/or entities within the organization based on their
psychological contract form. Cross-sectional data from four distinct samples provided
strong support for the idea that transactional, relational, and ideological components of
the psychological contract are distinct, and preliminary support that such components are
predictive of specific individual-level outcomes.
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Dover, Tessa L. "Confirming the Stereotype: How Stereotype Threat, Performance Feedback, and Academic Identification affect Identity and Future Performance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/187.
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This study investigates the post-performance effects of stereotype threat. Undergraduate students (N = 130) classified as either strongly- or weakly- identified with academics were told a diagnostic anagram task either typically shows poorer performance for their gender (stereotype threat) or no gender differences (no stereotype threat), and received arbitrary positive or negative feedback on an initial task. They later performed a second anagram task. Results indicate a 2-way interaction between stereotype threat and academic identification among those who received negative feedback. Negative feedback under stereotype threat did not harm performance for participants strongly-identified with academics, but did harm performance for participants weakly-identified with academics. This same 2-way interaction within the negative feedback condition also predicted post-feedback levels of identification as a college student, though it did not seem to affect post-feedback levels of academic identification. Strongly-identified participants receiving negative feedback identified less as a college student if they were under stereotype threat while weakly-academically identified participants identified more. Levels of post-feedback identification as a college student negatively predicted performance.
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Milton, Laurie Patricia. "Managing diversity to improve the bottom-line : confirming identities to enhance work group dynamics and performance /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Castro, Cristiano do Amaral Britto de. "The effect of using claim confirming product cues on the product claim credibility: is seeing believing?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10671.
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The Cue Utilization Theory establishes that all products are made of multiples cues that may be seen as surrogates for the intangible attributes that make up any given product. However, the results of many years of research have yet yielded little consensus as to the impact generated by the use of such cues. This research aims to contribute to the discussion about the importance of intrinsic cues by investigating the effects that the use of product cues that confirm the product claim may have on Claim Credibility (measured through Ad Credibility), and also on consumers’ Purchase Intention and Perceived Risk toward the product. An experiment was designed to test such effects and the results suggest the effects of the use of Claim Confirming Product Cues depend on consumer’s level of awareness about such cue, and that when consumers are aware of it, Ad Credibility and Purchase Intention increase, as Perceived Risk decreases. Such results may have implications to academicians and practitioners, as well as may provide insights for future research.
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Lewis, Shane. "Confirming Truth in Capote's: In Cold Blood : A Narratological Analysis of Autobiographical Elements." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6918.
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In 1959, Capote’s nonfiction novel entitled, In Cold Blood was written using artistic methods related to fictional writing. In consciously writing in this manner, Capote revealed a controversial shift away from a more objectivity based, journalistic truth, prevalent at the time. By using these methods to portray in particular Perry Smith, Capote has provoked doubts surrounding his commitment to “truth” within the book. Using a narratological analysis of certain significant passages of the book, Capote’s presence and a notable relation he has to Perry is implied and brought to the forefront. In turn, this essay looks through these passages from the perspective of the genre of autobiography. From this viewpoint, how the reader is able to uncover Capote’s “intentions” by identifying with and presenting himself through Perry in the narrative, is discussed. This essay concludes with the claim that due to Capote’s use of these artistic methods, the reader is provided with an autobiographical dimension to the narrative. Consequently, the essay claims that it is because such autobiographical dimensions are described by Linda Anderson (in her book Autobiography) as having an “honest intention which then guarantees the truth of the writing” (3), that Truman Capote’s “true account of a multiple murder and its consequences”, [own emphasis added] should thus be justifiable, and in his way, honestly true.
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Mukherjee, Moumita. "Instrumented permeable blankets for estimating subsurface hydraulic conductivity and confirming numerical models used for subsurface liquid injection." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Backman, Joseph Samuel. "A District-Wide Study Confirming the Relationship Between Professional Learning Communities and Student Achievement in Elementary Schools." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3945.
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Researchers have studied professional learning communities for over two decades. Educators have utilized the elements of professional learning communities in their schools to improve instruction and student learning. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence that establishes, describes, and confirms this relationship. This study was completed to better understand the nature, strength, and types of relationships between the individual elements of professional learning communities and student achievement. The sample for this study was 26 elementary schools, 439 teachers, and nearly 11,000 students. An analysis of professional learning communities and student achievement data through hierarchical linear modeling indicated that each of the eight clearly defined elements of professional learning communities have a significant relationship with student achievement.
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Oliveira, Vítor José de. "O confirming como fonte de financiamento da atividade comercial: o caso de aplicação numa empresa do ramo têxtil." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/20869.
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Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e FinançasEsta dissertação incide no estudo sobre a importância do Confirming no financiamento às Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME). As PME constituem o pilar da economia portuguesa, sendo o acesso ao financiamento uma questão fulcral para o seu desenvolvimento. Geralmente, as empresas recorrem ao financiamento bancário para fazer face às suas necessidades de exploração, decorrentes de problemas de tesouraria, ou face à necessidade de efetuar investimentos de maior valor. O presente trabalho centra-se num estudo de caso, na empresa TEXTIL, sobre a aplicação de uma fonte de financiamento à exploração, designadamente para efetuar pagamentos a fornecedores em prazo antecipados. O produto bancário em análise é o Confirming, que sendo uma tipologia de financiamento pouco explorado, pode, sob determinadas condições comerciais, potenciar a rendibilidade da empresa e garantir uma maior credibilidade junto dos fornecedores. Assim, o estudo de caso revela, que com os dados atuais, assentes em bons descontos de pronto pagamento e taxas de juro atrativas, a TEXTIL consegue obter melhores índices de rendibilidade, usando o Confirming, para além de outras vantagens associadas. Esta análise foi reforçada comparando a sua utilização com o uso de fontes de financiamento substitutas, como a Conta Corrente Caucionada.
This dissertation focuses on the study on the importance of the “Confirming” in in the financing of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs constitute the pillar of the Portuguese economy, with access to finance being a key issue for its development. Firms generally use bank financing to meet their operating needs due to treasury problems, or to make higher value investments. The present paper focuses in a case study, for TEXTIL company, on the use of a short-term financing source, namely to make payments to suppliers in advance. The banking product under analysis is the Confirming, which, being a type of financing little explored, can, under certain commercial conditions, boost the profitability of the company and guarantee a greater credibility with the suppliers. Thus, the case study reveals that with the current data, based on good cash discounts and attractive interest rates, TEXTIL is able to obtain better profitability, using Confirming, as well as other associated advantages. This analysis was reinforced by comparing its use with the use of a substitute-funding source, such as the Cautioned Current Account.
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Obasaju, Mayowa. "Speaking while Black: The Relationship between African Americans’ Racial Identity, Fear of Confirming Stereotypes, and Public Speaking Anxiety." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202007-122250/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Page Anderson, committee chair; Rod Watts, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Electronic text (101 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-85).
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Bester, Salemon Marais. "Confirming the factor structure of the 41-item version of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale / Salemon Marais Bester." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8645.
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The research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) has advanced considerably over the past 20 years
because of the construct’s scientific and practical relevance. However, in South Africa, a
measurement instrument of EI that is valid, reliable, standardised, has a consistent factor
structure, in a homogeneous working sample and that can be utilised for research and practical
purposes is still elusive. EI plays a fundamental role in the quality of service rendered by nurses
(Murphy & Janeke, 2009). According to Ogillska-Bulik (2005) the ability to manage one’s own
emotions, while having the ability to identify others' emotions, is very important in the nursing
environment. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) has been found as a reliable brief
scale for measuring trait EI (Schutte & Malouff, 1998). However, there are different results
regarding the factor structure of the S.
The first objective of this research study was to conceptualise EI and the factor structure of the
SEIS through a literature review. Salovey and Mayer (1990) define EI as a mental ability
pertaining to the relationship between emotion and cognition. Other researchers’ definition of EI
states that EI is the ability to be conscious of one’s emotions, to evaluate and develop one’s
emotions to assist thinking, to comprehend emotions and emotional information, and to manage
emotions to sustain emotional and intellectual development in oneself (Bar-On, 2000; Goleman,
1998; Salovey & Mayer 1997). Murphy and Janeke (2009) state it is important that reliable and
valid measures of EI must be used in the workplace. Numerous research has been done on the
most appropriate, valid and reliable approach for the measurement of EI (Petrides & Furnham,
2000; Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2005). The SEIS is the leading brief scale for measuring EI
(Petrides & Furnham, 2000). However, there are problems with its factor structures. To
summarise: a) Schutte et al. (1998) report a unifactorial structure for the SEIS,
b) Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and McKenny (2004) report a three-factor structure.
c) Petrides and Furnham (2000); Ciarrochi, Chan, and Bajar (2001); Ciarrochi, Chan,
Caputi, and Roberts (2001) and Saklofske, Austin, and Minski (2003) report a four-factor
structure.
d) Jonker and Vosloo (2009) reported a six-factor structure.
The second objective of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the 41-item version
of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale within a South African nursing environment by
means of a confirmatory factor analysis. A quantitative research design was used in this study. A
cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. An availability non-probability sample
(N = 290) was taken from hospitals in the Gauteng and North-West Provinces of South Africa.
The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale was applied as measuring scale. An exploratory factor
analysis (principal component analysis) was performed on the data. The data did not fit a unifactor,
two-factor or three-factor model based on the model of Austin, Saklofske, Huang, and
McKenney (2004). The data fitted the original model of Emotional Intelligence of Mayer and
Salovey (1990), best explaining 58.52% of the variance. The results supported a five-factor
structure of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. The five factors were named: Emotion
Utilisation; Emotion Management; Emotion Awareness; Emotion Perceiving and Emotion
Integration.
Recommendations were made for future research.Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Goldfarb, Nancy Mark. "Confirming faith what we ask of the Church for our child : preparing parents to celebrate their child's confirmation /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Johansson, Christina. "Självständighet i slöjden. En studie om hur pedagoger, läroplansskrivare, lärare och elever ser på begreppet självständighet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2302.
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Denna uppsats ger inblick i pedagogers, läroplanskrivares, lärares och elevers syn på begreppet självständighet. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i vad som händer under tiden efter att en elev stött på problem till dess den fått handledd vägedning i ämnet slöjd. Självständighetsbegreppet står i centrum för uppsatsens framställning.
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Lögde, Ann. "Studenters upplevelser av handledning : under specialistsjuksköterskeutbildningen med inriktning anestesisjukvård." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105919.
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The aim of this study was to learn how students in specialist nurse education with direction towards nurse anaesthetist experienced tutorial given during their specialist placement. The chosen method of the study was qualitative interview with phenomenological approach. Twelve nurse anaesthetist students were interviewed about their experiences during their placement at operation wards. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to Giorgios (1985) analyze method. The result showed that the students considered that a well functioned tutorial was essential for a successful clinic placement. The tutorial considered as satisfactory if the student and the tutor managed to have good communication and a good relation with each other. The students self-confidence could sometimes feel reduced when they experienced that the position as a student collided with their former profession identity as a nurse. Many different categories of students compete of the space around the patient, the student considered that fact as an obstacle in their education. Through confirmation on a regular bases and feedback from the tutor the student could gain self-confident, and thereafter gain the ability to perform independent. The students experienced mixed feelings at the prospect of their upcoming profession and the view of themselves as future tutors.Conclusion: The students' experience of tutoring during specialist nurse education with direction towards nurse anaesthetist shows that tutorial of good quality is essential to a successful clinic placement.
Keywords: nursing instructors, clinical educators, nurse education, critical care, confirming, students, experience.
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka upplevelser studenter i specialistsjuksköterskeutbildningen med inriktning anestesisjukvård hade av handledning under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning, VFU. Som metod valdes kvalitativ intervju med fenomenologisk ansats. Tolv studenter i specialistsjuksköterskeutbildningen med inriktning anestesisjukvård intervjuades om sina upplevelser av handledning under VFU. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades enligt Giorgios (1985) analysmetod. Resultatet visade att studenterna ansåg att välfungerande handledning var viktig för en lyckad klinisk utbildning. Handledningen upplevdes som tillfredsställande om student och handledare lyckades få en bra kommunikation och god relation till varandra. Självförtroendet kunde stundtals upplevas som nedsatt då studenterna upplevde att rollen som student ofta kolliderade med den tidigare yrkesidentiteten som sjuksköterska. Många studentkategorier konkurrerar om utrymmet runt patienten, och studenterna upplevde det som hindrande i utbildningen. Genom regelbunden bekräftelse och feedback från handledaren kunde studenterna tillägna sig självförtroende, och därmed öka förmågan till självständigt arbete. Studenterna upplevde blandade känslor inför sin kommande ansvarsfulla yrkesroll och utsikten att själva i framtiden fungera som handledare. Slutsats: Studenters upplevelser av handledning under specialistsjuksköterskeutbildningen med inriktning anestesisjukvård visar att handledning av god kvalitet har stor betydelse för en lyckad klinisk utbildning.
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Surface, Eric Alan. "An Integration of the Training Evaluation and Job Performance Modeling Literatures: Confirming BE KNOW DO with United States Army Special Forces Training Data." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01082003-010557/.
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Training data from 1441 graduates of the U.S. Army Special Forces Qualifications Course (SFQC) offered an opportunity to test a multidimensional model of training performance. A three-factor model based partially on the Kraiger, Ford, & Salas (1993) framework was operationalized with level-of-performance training criteria (Sackett & Mullen, 1993) and successfully confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The model utilized the BE KNOW DO terminology from the U.S. Army?s leadership model to describe the cognitive, skill-based, and affective training outcome factors. Several alternative models were tested and found not to be identified, suggesting the Kraiger et al. (1993) version provided the best description of performance. Additionally, the BE KNOW DO model was successfully confirmed for two individual phases of the SFQC training separated in time. Therefore, structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of similar constructs over time. Each construct from the initial training phase was found to predict its counterpart in the later phase. The degree of relationship varied for the constructs, suggesting some were more influenced by time and situation. Two performance modeling issues?the specificity of performance constructs and the impact of overfitting a model to the idiosyncratic characteristics of the initial sample on cross-validation?were investigated as well. Results related to the specificity of modeling performance content were inconclusive. Both the one- and three-factor construct models failed to provide adequate fit. The over-modified model provided a worse fit upon cross-validation in 11 out of 12 cases, demonstrating the importance of cross-validating modified models. An integration of the training evaluation and job performance literatures is presented and serves as the rationale for proposing a general three-factor performance model. The idea that all performance can be described in terms of three factors regardless of the context, content, situation, measurement method, or performance level should be investigated. Future directions for practice and research are discussed.
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Hugo, Charl Francois. "The law relating to documentary credits from a South African perspective with special reference to the legal position of the issuing and confirming banks." Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4676.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis ((LLD (Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 1996.424 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-356. Includes bibliography, digitized at 300 dpi (OCR), used Bizhub 250.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The documentary credit is one of the most important methods of payment utilised in international trade. This versatile instrument is encountered in a variety of forms. In its simplest form it is an undertaking by a bank given on application by a buyer-importer (the bank's client) to pay the seller-exporter (the beneficiary) against delivery of stipulated documents. It has two essential characteristics: (i) the bank's undertaking to pay the beneficiary is independent of the contract of sale and the contract between the bank and its client; and (ii) the bank will pay only against the precise documents stipulated in the credit. In Chapter One the different relationships established between the parties involved are dealt with against this background, and the different types of credits are discussed. Documentary credits are, comparatively speaking, modern instruments. Possible historical origins are explored briefly in Chapter Two. Documentary credits are virtually invariably applied for and issued subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (the UCP). The UCP is a set of rules formulated by the International Chamber of Commerce. The modern history of documentary credits as reflected in the development of the UCP is discussed in Chapter Three. The legal nature of the UCP is analysed from a civilian, common-law and South African perspective in Chapter Four. The legal nature of the relationship between the bank and the beneficiary is the focal point of Chapter Five. The question is approached from a civilian (especially German and Dutch), common-law (especially English and American) and South African point of view. Special attention is devoted to the ability (or inability) of the traditional law of contract of the different jurisdictions to provide a theoretical foundation for (i) the independence of the bank's obligation, and (ii) the irrevocability of the bank's undertaking. The conclusion arrived at is that the South African law of contract is able to provide an adequate basis for this relationship in general and these two matters in particular. In the final chapter the defences available to the bank against the beneficiary's claim are scrutinised, as well as the possibility of the bank being interdicted from paying the beneficiary. Related issues such as anti-dissipation interdicts and attachments in the documentary-credit context are also dealt with. These questions are likewise investigated from a civilian, common-law and South African perspective. This investigation leads to the conclusion that the South African law is essentially in harmony with the law elsewhere and that our courts have been successful to date in protecting the integrity of documentary credits.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dokumentêre kredietbrief is een van die belangrikste betalingsmetodes wat in die internasionale handel aangewend word. Hierdie buigbare middel kan 'n verskeidenheid van vorms aanneem. In sy eenvoudigste vorm is dit 'n onderneming deur 'n bank wat op aansoek van 'n koper-invoerder (die bank se kliënt) aan die verkoper-uitvoerder (die begunstigde) gegee word. Dit het twee essensiele eienskappe: (i) die onderneming van die bank om die begunstigde te betaal is onafhanklik van die koopkontrak sowel as die kontrak tussen die bank en sy klient; en (ii) die bank sal slegs betaal teen lewering van die presiese dokumente vereis in die kredietbrief. In Hoofstuk Een word die verskillende verhoudinge tussen die partye betrokke teen hierdie agtergrond bespreek asook die verskillende tipes kredietbriewe. Dokumentere kredietbriewe is relatief gesproke moderne instrumente. Moontlike historiese oorspronge word kortliks in Hoofstuk Twee verken. Kredietbriewe word bykans sonder uitsondering aangevra en uitgereik onderworpe aan die Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (die UCP). Die UCP is 'n stel reels wat deur die Internasionale Kamer van Koophandel opgestel is. Die moderne geskiedenis van kredietbriewe soos in die ontwikkeling van die UCP weerspieel, is die hoofonderwerp van Hoofstuk Drie. In Hoofstuk Vier word die regsaard van die UCP vanuit die perspektief van die regstelsels baseer op die ius civile, die common-law stelsels en die Suid-Afrikaanse reg beskou. In Hoofstuk Vyf word op die regsaard van die verhouding tussen die bank en die begunstigde gefokus. Die aangeleentheid word benader vanuit 'n ius civile (veral Duitse en Nederlandse) perspektief, 'n common-law (veral Engelse en Amerikaanse) perspektief, asook 'n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief. Besondere aandag word verleen aan die vermoe (of onvermoe) van die tradisionele kontraktereg in die verskillende jurisdiksies om 'n teoretiese grondslag daar te stel vir: (i) die onafhanklikheid van die bank se verpligting; en (ii) die onherroepbaarheid van die bank se betalingsonderneming. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking geraak dat die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg wel in staat is om 'n bevredigende basis vir die verhouding in die algemeen, en hierdie twee aangeleenthede in die besonder, daar te stel. In die laaste hoofstuk word aandag geskenk aan die verwere wat 'n bank teenoor die begunstigde se aanspraak kan opper, asook aan die moontlikheid dat die bank by wyse van interdik belet kan word om die begunstigde te betaal. Verwante aangeleenthede soos interdikte in securitatem debiti en beslagleggings in die konteks van kredietbriewe word ook bygehaal. Hierdie aangeleenthede word eweneens vanuit 'n ius civile, common-law, en Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief benader. Die ondersoek lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die Suid-Afrikaanse reg breedweg beskou in harmonie is met ander stelsels en dat ons howe die integriteit van kredietbriewe tot dusver suksesvol beskerm het.
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Calla, Marquina José Eduardo, and Baca Valery Pieryna Gutiérrez. "Análisis de la clasificación de las operaciones de confirming bajo NIIF y su impacto en los estados financieros de las principales empresas del sector pesquero en el Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623532.
Full textAbstract:
El sector pesca en el Perú ha sufrido fluctuaciones en su crecimiento en los últimos años, ello ha significado que las compañías pesqueras busquen mitigar sus debilidades, ocasionadas por características propias del sector, con herramientas que le permitan gestionar una solución de forma oportuna y con ello crear un ambiente estable para continuar con sus actividades. Una de las herramientas empleadas por las compañías pesqueras es el confirming o factoring con proveedores. El confirming permite a las compañías gestionar su amplia cartera de proveedores, aplazar sus pagos en temporadas de veda, tener menores costes de financiamiento, entre otros.
A lo largo de las indagaciones realizadas para el presente trabajo de investigación, se identificó que las compañías pesqueras clasificaban y presentaban sus operaciones de confirming como cuentas por pagar comerciales, sin realizar una evaluación a detalle que contemple todos los lineamientos dados por las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) e interpretaciones, específicamente las normas NIIF 9 Instrumentos Financieros y NIC 1 Presentación de Estados Financieros. De acuerdo a ello, la presente investigación de enfoque mixto tiene por objetivo identificar el tratamiento adecuado para la clasificación de las operaciones de confirming, tanto como una operación comercial o financiera, y de acuerdo a ello medir el impacto en los estados financieros de las principales compañías del sector pesquero en el Perú.
Para ello, se toma una muestra no probabilística de dos casos de estudio, que representa adecuadamente al sector pesquero del Perú y hacen comparable nuestra evaluación del tratamiento del confirming en dicho sector. Para el análisis cualitativo se aplicaron entrevistas, encuestas a expertos y revisión documentaria. Al definir la clasificación de dicha transacción, se procedió a medir el impacto cuantitativo utilizando para dicho fin la aplicación de la dinámica contable y el cálculo de covenants financieros a los que están sujetos las compañías pesqueras. Tras la aplicación de ambas etapas analíticas, se propuso un checklist de evaluación que permitirá clasificar adecuadamente el confirming.The fishing industry in Peru has suffered growth fluctuations in recent years, for that reason the fishing companies seek to moderate their weaknesses, induced by characteristics of the industry, with tools that allow them to manage a solution in an opportune way and thereby creating a balanced environment to continue with their activities. One of the tools used for fishing companies is the confirming or factoring reverse. The confirming allows companies to manage their broad portfolio of suppliers, postpone their payments in closed seasons, use lower financing costs and others. Throughout the inquiries made for the present research work, it was identified that the fishing companies classified and presented their confirming operations as trade accounts payable, without performing a detailed evaluation that contemplates all the guidelines given by the International Standards of Financial Information (IFRS) and their interpretations, specifically IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. Accordingly, the present mixed-method investigation aims to identify the appropriate treatment for the classification of the confirming operations, either as a commercial or financial operation, and in consequence measure the impact on the financial statements of the main companies of the fishing sector in Peru. For this purpose, it is taken a not probabilistic sample of two study cases that appropriately represents the Peruvian fishing industry which makes comparable this confirming treatment evaluation For the qualitative analysis, interviews, expert surveys and documentary review were applied. After determining the classification of this transaction, the quantitative impact was measured by the application of the accounting dynamic and the calculation of the financial covenants to which the fishing companies are subject. After the application of the analytical stages, it was proposed an evaluation checklist that will allow companies to classify appropriately the confirming.
Tesis
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Albertsson, Charlotta, and Heléne Höjner. "Faktorer i undervisningen av patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 som påverkar motivationen att ändra levnadsvanor." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-686.
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En av vårdgivarens viktigaste uppgift i undervisningen är att motivera patienter med kronisk sjukdom till förändring av levnadsvanor. Syftet med c-uppsatsen var att belysa faktorer i undervisningen av patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 som påverkar motivationen att ändra levnadsvanor. Metod: C-uppsatsen genomfördes som en litteraturstudie. Vid granskning av de vetenskapliga artiklarna användes SAUK-modellen som teoretisk referensram. Resultat: Undervisning kort tid efter diagnos och individualiserad undervisning med tillåtande dialog hjälper patienten att bli motiverad. Vårdgivaren ska fokusera på patientens personliga förståelse om sin sjukdom och ha insikt om att patienter har olika utgångslägen gällande i vilket stadium de befinner sig i angående motivation till förändring av levnadsvanor. Kompanjonskap mellan vårdgivare och patient är av betydelse för att patienten ska klara av att integrera sjukdomen i det dagliga livet och uppnå självkompetens. Slutsatsen är att det finns faktorer i undervisningen av patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 som påverkar motivationen att ändra levnadsvanor. Bekräftande omvårdnad i undervisningen får patienten att känna sig sedd, hörd och tagen på allvar vilket ökar motivationen att ändra levnadsvanor. Förändring av levnadsvanor är nödvändigt och undervisningen av patienter ska medverka till att sena komplikationer undviks. Vidare forskning vore önskvärt om huruvida SAUK-modellens bekräftande omvårdnad kan implementeras i den svenska hälso- och sjukvården.
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Larsson, Lisa, and Maria Merimaa. "Förlust och känsla : En litteraturöversikt om kvinnors erfarenheter av missfall." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4572.
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Bakgrund: Missfall räknas som den vanligaste graviditetskomplikationen. Kvinnors omvårdnadsbehov efter missfall består av både fysiska och psykiska aspekter. Känslor av skuld, förlust, tomhet och sorg uppkom och ofta kvarstod känslorna under en längre tid. Kvinnorna som fått missfall upplevde ofta att deras omvårdnadsbehov inte tillgodosetts adekvat. Sjuksköterskans kompetensområde innefattar tillgodoseende av både fysiska och psykiska omvårdnadsbehov. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter och omvårdnadsbehov vid missfall. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på elva vetenskapliga artiklar som granskats med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet av denna litteraturöversikt visar att erfarenheten av att genomgå ett missfall påverkar kvinnan psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt. Resultatet indelades i två huvudteman; Känslomässiga erfarenheter vid missfall och Vårderfarenheter vid missfall, med tre underkategorier; Behov av bekräftande bemötande, Behov av stöd och Behov av information. Diskussion: Diskussionen behandlade bland annat hur en god vård skall kunna uppnås genom exempelvis empatiskt bemötande, förståelse för sorg och skuld samt information. Vidare fördes diskussion kring hur den teoretiska modellen för bekräftande omvårdnad, SAUK, kan användas för att skapa en optimal omvårdnad efter missfall. Målet med att använda SAUK-modellen är att kvinnan ska kunna bearbeta missfallet och låta den händelsen bli en del av hennes liv.Background: Miscarriage is counted as the most common pregnancy complication. Women's nursing needs after miscarriage consists of both physical and mental aspects. Feelings of guilt, loss, emptiness and grief arose and the feelings often persisted for a long time. The women who miscarried often experienced that their nursing needs were not met adequately. The nurse's competence includes satisfying of both physical and psychological nursing needs. Aim: To describe women's experiences and needs of care after miscarriage. Methods: A literature study based on eleven scientific papers, which have been examined using a content analysis. Results: The result of this study shows that the experience of undergoing an abortion affects women psychologically, physically and socially. The results were divided into two main themes; Emotional experiences of miscarriage and Care experiences of miscarriage, with three sub-categories; Need of confirming nursing, Need of support and Need of information. Discussions: The discussion dealt with matters such as how good care is to be achieved through for example empathetic attitude, understanding of grief and guilt, and information. Further discussion of how the theoretical model for confirming nursing, SAUK, can be used to create optimal nursing after miscarriage. The goal of using the SAUK-model is to enable the woman to process the miscarriage and allow the incident to become part of her life.
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Matlack, Kathryn H. "Confirming sound absorption characteristics of box absorbers that utilize laser-cut micro-slits on the top surface as the means of sound absorption, with an exploration of different architectural installations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45377.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 22-23).
It is believed that the box absorber utilizes viscous forces present in micro-slits on their surfaces to absorb sound [8]. These box absorbers were developed through research at SINTEF and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and current research has tested this sound absorbing technology in standing wave tubes and in a controlled reverberation room. This paper seeks to confirm the sound absorbing characteristics in a less-than-ideal test setup to model how the box absorbers would perform acoustically in an actual installation. It also explores different configurations of the box absorbers in attempts to achieve more sound absorption. To test this, twelve configurations of ten to eleven box absorbers were placed in a reverberation room and the reverberation time of the room was measured in third-octave frequency bands in order to obtain an amount of sound absorption in sabins per module. The sound absorption was confirmed for configurations similar to those tested and published by the manufacturer, though results show that the sound absorption is not as consistent; therefore the box absorbers would not have as strong of an effect in an actual installation as published data may indicate. Tests of different configurations showed that a box absorber with two surfaces of micro-slits exposed to the original sound field gives significantly more sound absorption across the band of frequencies, and a double layer of the micro-slotted surface forming two equal cavities within the box absorber gives a significant improvement in sound absorption above 500 Hz.
by Kathryn H. Matlack.
S.B.
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Santander, Reveco Marcos. "Financiamiento y PYMES : operaciones mercantiles." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170597.
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Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y SocialesEl objetivo central de esta tesis es realizar un análisis descriptivo de las operaciones mercantiles a las cuales pueden acceder las pequeñas y medianas empresas, reflexionando sobre el hecho de que estas, en el proceso de toma de decisiones, optan en su mayoría por métodos tradicionales de financiamiento, a saber, préstamos de particulares o productos de la banca. De esta forma, el presente estudio pretende una reflexión teórica sobre otros mecanismos de financiamiento, resaltando sus ventajas, desventajas y riesgos asociados. Palabras clave: Financiamiento, pequeña empresa, medianaempresa, crédito de consumo, tarjeta de crédito, factoring, leasing, securitización, confirming, crowdfunding.
31 julio de 2020
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Khidhir, Karzan Ghafur. "Regulation of hair growth : prostaglandins and prostamides : studies confirming the growth stimulating effects of prostanoids and prostamides on human hair follicles in organ culture and locating their receptors using lipidomics, molecular biological and immunohistological approaches." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5372.
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Hair growth disorders cause significant psychological distress, but are poorly controlled. Since prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α) and prostamide F₂α analogue glaucoma treatments cause eyelash growth as side-effects, they may be useful for alopecia. How they function is unknown; possibilities include direct action on hair follicles or stimulating follicular blood flow. It is important to clarify whether scalp follicles can also respond as human follicle response to androgens differ with body site. Therefore, human scalp follicles were grown in vitro in organ culture with PGF₂α, latanoprost, a PGF₂α analogue, and bimatoprost, a prostamide F₂α analogue, with, or without, appropriate antagonists, and the presence of PGF₂α (FP) and prostamide F₂α receptors were investigated using molecular biological and immunohiostochemical methods. Each treatment significantly stimulated follicle growth rate, the percentage of growing follicles, and the amount of hair produced in a dose-responsive manner (10nM-1μM); the receptor antagonists blocked these effects. Immunohistochemistry of frozen scalp sections demonstrated FP protein only in dermal papillae and connective tissue sheaths. RT-PCR identified FP and various prostamide F₂α receptors in anagen follicles and isolated dermal papillae and bulbar connective tissue sheath, but not in bulb matrix or other epithelial tissues. Therefore, isolated human scalp hair follicles can respond biologically to PGF₂α and related pharmaceuticals in organ culture via follicular receptors and express the genes and protein for FP and prostamide F₂α receptors. PGF₂α-related drugs appear to act directly on follicles via receptors in the regulatory dermal papilla. They offer an exciting, novel approach for treating alopecia and merit clinical investigation.
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Obasaju, Mayowa. "Can I Talk to You? Sociopolitical Factors and their Relation to Symptoms and Treatments of Social Anxiety in a Sample of African Americans with Social Anxiety." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06182009-101014/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. Page Anderson, committee chair; Julia Perilla, Roderick Watts, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 14, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
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Zemaryalai, Khatera. "Investigations into the roles of potassium channels in hair growth : studies confirming the presence of several ATP-sensitive potassium (K+ATP) channels in hair follicles and exploring their mechanism of action using molecular biological, cell culture, organ culture and proteomic approaches." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4461.
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Hair disorders cause significant distress. The main, but limited, treatment for hair loss is minoxidil, an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener whose mechanism of stimulation is unclear. The regulatory component of KATP channels has three forms: SUR1, SUR2A and SUR2B which all respond to different molecules. Minoxidil only opens SUR2B channels, though SUR1 and SUR2B are present in human hair follicles. To expand our understanding, the red deer hair follicle model was used initially. Deer follicles expressed the same KATP channel genes as human follicles when growing (anagen), but no channels were detected in resting follicles. This reinforces the importance of KATP channels in active hair growth and the usefulness of the deer model. To assess whether SUR1 KATP channels are actually involved in human hair growth, the effects of a selective SUR1 channel opener, NNC55-9216, on scalp follicle growth in organ culture was examined. NNC55-9216 stimulated anagen; its effect was augmented by minoxidil. This creates the potential for more effective pharmaceuticals to treat hair loss via SUR1 channels, either alone or in combination with minoxidil. The dermal papilla plays a crucial regulatory role in hair follicle activity determining the type of hair produced. Minoxidil had no effect on dermal papilla cell proliferation, but altered the profile of proteins produced when assessed by proteomics. Further research into the roles of KATP channels and greater understanding of the significance of these protein changes should enhance our knowledge of hair biology and help the development of new, improved therapies for hair pathologies.
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Mujacic, Asmir, and Tim Palmkvist. "Balansgången mellan bekräftande och omprövande undervisning - historielärares uppfattningar om ämnets syfte." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29539.
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This student thesis seeks answers on history teachers´ view on the purpose of their subject, how their view on the purpose affects their teaching and how all of this affects the possibilities given to the students who study the past. The Swedish teaching plan and the curriculum of the subject history are loaded with tension. Based on this tension Swedish students attending secondary school are, on one hand supposed to affirm a certain way of understanding the past while on the other hand be educated in critical and independent thinking. In other words, the subject of history could either confirm a certain view of the past or critically view it. It is also worth pointing out that one does not cancel the other out. History teaching can contain both perspectives. While it would be interesting to apply our main questions on the whole course of the subject of history the main focus of this thesis lies within the theme of genocide. Based on interviews with Swedish history teachers this thesis explores what they see as the purpose of their subject and in particular the purpose in the theme of genocide teaching. What approach does teachers have in their teaching and how does this affect the possibilities given to the students? The result shows that history teachers´ main focus lies in more concrete knowledge, thereby excluding the previous statement about critical thinking. History teachers are also dissatisfied with the time given to the subject of history in upper secondary school. Although the teachers mainly focus on confirming certain views of the past there are teachers who, in some cases, lean towards a teaching method with critical thinking as the focal point. The respondents also vary in the way they give students possibilities to meet the past. These possibilities are often predetermined by the teachers and students’ possibilities to express critical thinking is therefore reduced and limited. While this student thesis is based around the theme of genocide teaching, the result does not necessarily suggest that the students never get the opportunity to express free critical thinking. Therefore, the result shows that the purpose of the subject of history, as presented by the interviewees, is multilayered and seldom based around only one given perspective.
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Gallez, Philomène. "Des exceptions qui confirment les règles? L'entrepreneuriat féminin à Montréal, 1920-1980." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20466.
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Lo, Oi-yuet. "The relationship between conformity to undesirable peer influence and female delinquency : an exploratory study on adolescent girls served by outreaching social work service." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117142.
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Sampaio, Fernando Ramon Nolasco. "A importância do Factoring e do Confirming num contexto de crise económica." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94705.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Gestão apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaO presente relatório foi elaborado na sequência do estágio curricular efetuado na Direção Comercial de Empresas (DCE) do Banco Santander em Coimbra, realizado nos primeiros meses de 2020 no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão da Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra. Serve como plataforma de partilha da minha experiência enquanto estagiário na instituição de acolhimento, oferecendo um enquadramento histórico e organizacional do banco, identificando o funcionamento do departamento em que fui inserido e descrevendo as tarefas que executei nesse período. Explicita ainda a interligação existente entre o estágio e a minha formação académica, nomeadamente as competências desenvolvidas ao longo do mestrado.O relatório inclui primeiramente uma contextualização do factoring e do confirming enquanto fontes de financiamento de curto prazo, e um trabalho de revisão literária que permite caraterizar cada um destes instrumentos financeiros. Em seguida, o relatório apresenta uma investigação que foi conduzida com o principal objetivo de efetuar uma abordagem aos serviços de factoring e confirming oferecidos pelas instituições bancárias, analisando a sua evolução durante as últimas décadas, e averiguando os efeitos que os mesmos podem ter na economia e na vida das pequenas e médias empresas (PME), em especial nos contextos de crise económica. O estudo finaliza com algumas conclusões que realçam a importância do confirming e do factoring nos períodos de recessão, e anteveem um papel crucial das duas fontes de financiamento na superação de crises futuras.
The present report was written with regard in the internship held on the commercial department for enterprises from Santander Bank in Coimbra, carried out in the first months of 2020 within scope of the master’s in management from the Economics Faculty in the University of Coimbra. It will be used as a platform to share my experience as an intern on the host institution, offering an historical and organizational framework of the bank, identifying the function of the department where I was launched, and describing the tasks I executed during that period. It also features the connection between the internship and my academic formation, in particular the skills developed during the master.Firstly, the report includes a contextualization of factoring and confirming as short-term financing sources, and a literature review work that enables the characterization of each one of these financial instruments. Afterwards, the report presents an investigation that was carried out with the main goal of making an approach to both factoring and reverse factoring as services offered by banking institutions, analyzing its evolution during the last decades and exploring the effects they can produce over the economy and the lives of small and medium enterprises (SME), especially during periods of economic crisis. This study ends with some conclusions that highlight the importance of confirming and factoring during recession periods and foresee a crucial role from both financing sources in overcoming future crisis.
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Hoda, Nazmul. "Receiver Channelizer For FBWA System Confirming To WiMAX Standard." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/614.
Full textAbstract:
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (FBWA) is a technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless Internet access, over a wide area, from devices such as personal computers and laptops. FBWA channels are defined in the range of 1-20 MHz which makes the RF front end (RFE) design extremely challenging. In its pursuit to standardize the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technologies, IEEE working group 802.16 for Broadband Wireless Access has released the fixed BWA standard IEEE 802.16 – 2004 in 2004. This standard is further backed by a consortium, of leading wireless vendors, chip manufacturers and service providers, officially known as Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX).
In general, any wireless base station (BS), supporting a number of contiguous Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM) channels has to incorporate an RF front end (RFE) for each RF channel. The precise job of the RFE is to filter the desired channel from a group of RF channels, digitize it and present it to the subsequent baseband system at the proper sampling rate. The system essentially has a bandpass filter (BPF) tuned to the channel of interest followed by a multiplier which brings the channel to a suitable intermediate frequency (IF). The IF output is digitized by an ADC and then brought to the baseband by an appropriate digital multiplier. The baseband samples, thus generated, are at the ADC sampling rate which is significantly higher than the target sampling rate, which is defined by the wireless protocol in use. As a result a sampling rate conversion (SRC) is performed on these baseband samples to bring the channel back to the target sampling rate. Since the input sampling rate need not be an integer multiple of the target sampling rate, Fractional SRC (FSRC) is required in most of the cases. Instead of using a separate ADC and IF section for each individual channels, most systems use a common IF section, followed by a wideband ADC, which operates over a wide frequency band containing a group of contiguous FDM channels. In this case a channelizer is employed to digitally extract the individual channels from the digital IF samples. We formally call this system a receiver channelizer. Such an implementation presents considerable challenge in terms of the computational requirement and of course the cost of the BS. The computational complexity further goes up for FBWA system where channel bandwidth is in the order of several MHz. Though such a system has been analyzed for narrow band wireless systems like GSM, to the best of our knowledge no analysis seems to have been carried out for a wideband system such as WiMAX.
In this work, we focus on design of a receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS, which can simultaneously extract a group of contiguous FDM RF channels supported by the BS. The main goal is to obtain a simple, low cost channelizer architecture, which can be implemented in an FPGA. There are a number of techniques available in the literature, from Direct Digital Conversion to Polyphase FFT Filter Banks (PFFB), which can do the job of channelization. But each of them operates with certain constraints and, as a result, suits best to a particular application. Further all of these techniques are generic in nature, in the sense that their structure is independent of any particular standard. With regard to computational requirement of these techniques, PFFB is the best, with respect to the number of complex multiplications required for its implementation. But it needs two very stringent conditions to be satisfied, viz. the number of channels to be extracted is equal to the decimation factor and the sampling rate is a power of 2 times baseband bandwidth. Clearly these conditions may not be satisfied by different wireless communication standards, and in fact, this is not satisfied by the WiMAX standard.
This gives us the motivation to analyze the receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS and to find an efficient and low cost architecture of the same. We demonstrate that even though the conditions required by PFFB are not satisfied by the WiMAX standard, we can modify the overall architecture to include the PFFB structure. This is achieved by dividing the receiver channelizer into two blocks. The first block uses the PFFB structure to separate the desired number of channels from the input samples. This process also achieves an integer SRC by a factor that is equal to the number of channels being extracted. This block generates baseband outputs whose sampling rates are related to their target sampling rate by a fractional multiplication factor. In order to bring the channels to their target sampling rate, each output from the PFFB block is fed to a FSRC block, whose job is to use an efficient FSRC algorithm to generate the samples at the target sampling rate. We show that the computational complexity, as compared to the direct implementation, is reduced by a factor, which is approximately equal to the square of the number of channels.
After mathematically formulating the receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS, we perform the simulation of the system using a software tool. There are two basic motives behind the simulation of the system which has a mathematical model. Firstly, the software simulation will give an idea whether the designed system is physically realizable. Secondly, this will help in designing the logic for different blocks of the system. Once these individual blocks are simulated and tested, they can be smoothly ported onto an FPGA.
For simulation purpose, we parameterize the receiver channelizer in such a way that it can be reconfigured for different ADC sampling rates and IF frequencies, by changing the input clock rate. The system is also reconfigurable in terms of the supported channel bandwidth. This is achieved by storing all the filter coefficients pertaining to each channel type, and loading the required coefficients into the computational engine. Using this methodology we simulate the system for three different IF frequencies (and the corresponding ADC sampling rates) and three different channel types, thus leading to nine different system configurations. The simulation results are in agreement with the mathematical model of the system.
Further, we also discuss some important implementation issues for the reconfigurable receiver channelizer. We estimate the memory requirement for implementing the system in an FPGA. The implementation delay is estimated in terms of number of samples.
The thesis is organized in five chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction about the WiMAX system and different existing channelization architecture followed by the outline of the proposed receiver channelizer. In chapter 2, we analyze the proposed receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS and evaluate its computational requirements. Chapter 3 outlines the procedure to generate the WiMAX test signal and specification of the all the filters used in the system. It also lists the simulation parameters and records the results of the simulation. Chapter 4 presents the details of a possible FPGA implementation. We present the concluding remarks and future research directions in the final chapter.
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Ncube, Sibangilizwe. "Confirming theoretical pay constructs of a variable pay scheme." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7897.
Full textAbstract:
M.Phil.Purpose: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the extent to which the constructs and dimensions identified by De Swardt (2005) are valid in describing and predicting the outcome of a variable pay plan. The following secondary research questions were therefore asked: What is the reliability of the eleven dimensions and three constructs? What are the statistical characteristics of the 11 dimensions and 3 constructs, and can they be used to benchmark new variable pay plans? How reliable are the 78 items as test criteria for the 11 dimensions and 3 constructs? Motivation for study: The primary rationale for this study was the unavailability of empirically tested models and the lack of validated variable pay instruments that evaluate the outcome of any variable pay scheme. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study followed a quantitative research methodology, with the primary objective of assessing outcome similarities through Structural Equation Modelling (EQS) factor analysis. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to the sample data to measure correlations. Findings: The findings of the research highlighted that there were minimal differences between De Swardt’s variable pay models. Differences were identified by analyzing the reliability statistics and factor analysis rules of assessing model fit. Following certain research limitations, the research questions were further refined for use in future studies. The research findings confirmed De Swardt’s (2005) theoretical model of predicting variable pay outcome. Research limitations: Although the study was conducted amongst a wider population group, individual organisation feedback from the selected participants was not balanced. A considerably larger portion of the feedback was obtained from the company with which the researcher was employed. Practical implications/Value-add: The outcome of this research confirms the commercial applicability of the instrument in identifying potential flaws in any variable pay scheme during the early stages of implementation. This will have a positive impact on an organisation’s bottom line. Additionally, quantifying the impact of variable pay plans will not only enhance HR’s credibility with regards to the broader organisational goals, but will encourage a well-structured, performance-linked variable pay system based on tested models.
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Godinho, Susana Carvalho. "A importância do factoring e confirming para as PME." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13001.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação incide no estudo sobre a importância do factoring e do confirming no financiamento às Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) na ótica das entidades financiadoras.
As PME constituem a essência da economia portuguesa, devido ao emprego e inovação que proporcionam, sendo o acesso ao financiamento uma questão fulcral para o seu desenvolvimento. Ao obterem financiamento, vão realizar mais investimentos, que, por conseguinte, geram crescimento económico.
Geralmente, as empresas recorrem a financiamento externo para fazer face às suas necessidades de financiamento quando o seu cash flow interno não é suficiente. A utilização de instrumentos de financiamento de curto prazo resulta, normalmente, da necessidade das empresas para fazerem face ao investimento em capital circulante.
O presente trabalho apresenta uma breve descrição dos financiamentos de curto prazo que o sector bancário coloca à disposição das empresas, nomeadamente PME, dando especial destaque ao financiamento via factoring e/ou confirming. O factoring passa pela aquisição de créditos de curto prazo resultantes da venda de produtos ou da prestação de serviços nos mercados interno e externo, já o Confirming consiste num serviço de pagamento a fornecedores.
Com este estudo foi possível constatar que o factoring e o confirming têm um papel preponderante no apoio às empresas, a vários níveis. Esta importância tem reflexos na atividade económica prova disto são os volumes de faturação tomada ao abrigo de contrato de factoring e confirming que em 2014 representavam 12% do PIB nacional.This dissertation focuses on the study of the importance of factoring and confirming in the financing of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the perspective of funders and donors. SMEs constitute the essence of the Portuguese economy due to employment and innovation that they provide, being that the access to financing is a key issue for its development. By obtaining financing, they will hold more investment, which will generate economic growth in a period of economic recovery. Generally, companies turn to external financing to meet their financing needs when their cash flow is not enough. The use of short-term financing instruments usually results from the need for companies to face working capital investment such as solving treasury problems. The following presentation shows a brief description of the short-term financing that the banking sector makes available to companies, specially SMEs, emphasizing financing via factoring and / or confirming. Factoring consists in the acquisition of short-term credits resulting from the sale of products or the provision of services in the domestic and foreign markets. Confirming is a payment service to suppliers. With this study, it was possible to find that the factoring and confirming businesses have an important role in supporting companies at various levels. This importance is reflected in the economic activity and therefore of its own economy, proof of that are the turnover volumes taken under the factoring and confirming agreement that in 2014 accounted for 12% of the national GDP.
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Ke, Chun-Hung, and 柯俊宏. "Developing the Bayesian Network Aided System for Non-confirming Quality." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66389073620711060462.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
96
The construction quality is an extremely important issue. To early discover the construction flaw can not only extend the project service life, but also reduce the construction mistakes and risks. However, in construction sites, the number of inspection items is often as high as dozens or even several hundreds. How to detect and examine the construction quality effectively is the key purpose of this research. The Bayesian Network theories have been widely applied to the medical arena to reduce body examination items and to save the medical resources. Also, the Bayesian Network theories are applied to detect junk mails. However, it is still not commonly applied to detect the construction project quality flaws. This research collects data of quality defects from 329 recent construction projects. By applying the Bayesian Network theories, the data are trained to establish a Bayesian Network. The software is developed and called as “Bayesian network Aided system for Non-confirming Quality (BANQ). The BANQ first suggests for the inspectors the order of quality items need to be checked according to their probability from higher to lower. Once the suggested item is checked and the result of confirming or non-confirming is input into the system, the BANQ automatically re-calculates all the probability and immediately provides a new order of check-lists which follow the probabilities from higher to lower. Ten sets of testing data have been used to investigate the efficiency of the BANQ system and the result shows that the BANQ can reduce the inspection efforts by 44% in average.
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Hou, Hung-wei, and 侯弘偉. "Whether confirming the own sons and daughters relates to existence or not it studies." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34386309883436573910.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
法律學研究所
97
This thesis focuses on discussion of the four topics which are the regulation of the presumption of the legitimacy of a child, the regulation of the action for disavowal of the legitimacy of a child, the action for a declaratory judgment confirming existence of biological parent-child relationships, and the proposals for legislation. The regulation of the presumption of the legitimacy of a child and the regulation of the action for disavowal of the legitimacy of child are closely related. The child presumed to be legitimate who wants to disavow the legitimacy can only bring an action for disavowal of the legitimacy of a child. Therefore, only the child who is not presumed to be legitimate can initiate the action for a declaratory judgment confirming existence of biological parent-child relationships. However, there is no regulation of the action for a declaratory judgment confirming existence of biological parent-child relationships. There are many debates on the action for a declaratory judgment confirming existence of biological parent-child relationships: whether this action should be accepted by our law, who can initiate this action, and whether normal procedure or procedure concerning personal affairs should be applied to this action. For this reason, the author proposes that the legislature should establish the regulations about this action. Furthermore, the establishment of family court and adoption of mediation should be introduced to improve the procedure concerning personal affairs.
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Melnychuk, Sue. "Confirming claims and investigating identities : Frida Kahlo and American feminism in the late 1970s." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3029.
Full textAbstract:
In the summer of 1991 full fledge "Fridamania" hit New
York. Backlit billboards exhibited self portraits of the 20th
century Mexican painter, Frida Kahlo (1904 -1954) and it
seemed that KahIo had onc e again been re-discovered by the
United States public. This scenario of re-discovery is one that
KahIo has been constantly subjected to. And it is for that
reason that she is a n excellent candidate through which to
examine processes of reception implicit to art history. Her
candidacy is particularly appropriate when one considers the
dramatic transformation of her status from that of heroine for
American feminist art historians writing in the 1970s, to the
existent explosion of near cult status in 1990.
It is not Kahlo herself who is the subject of this thesis, rather
it is her reception by the American public. To consider such a
"public" is an overly broad task; therefore I will focus on Kahlo's
reception by American feminist historians in the late 1970s. This
focus highlights my interest in feminist art history, and provides
an opportunity to consider the claims of that seemingly distant
and radical era.
Kahlo's significance for feminists will be explored through
an interrogation of the interpretive strategies used by feminist
historians writing on KahIo. The purpose is both, to recognize
the historical challenges feminist art historians encountered,
and to elucidate the underlying issues that ideologically bound
American feminism together. In consideration of these
ideological connections this thesis contends that many of the
challenges feminist historians faced were in fact discursive
pressures which functioned to limit and contain their feminist
practise.
Each chapter within the thesis examines a specific feminist
interpretive strategy that characterized how issues of
biography, the canon , and nationalism structured feminist
writing in the instance of Frida Kahlo. The main thrust of this
investigation is not so much the conclusions of feminists, but
rather how their strategies describe a struggle for interpretive
power in the cultural economy of the United States in the late
1970s.
The method I am using seeks to grapple with both the
historical contingencies of the period, and limitations enforced
by art historical discourse. This will be done by examining sites
of contradiction and patterns of absence inherent to the
historical narratives feminists have built around Frida Kahlo's
personae and practise. It is at these sites of conflict and
absence that insights are gained into the historical discursive
pressures encountered by feminists. The political and historical
choices feminists made are quite clear, what is not, are the
needs, agendas and pressures behind those choices.
My contention is that strategies of American feminist
historians were informed not only by a feminist-politic, but by an
American cultural-politic which acted as both screen and
frame for their investigations. Moreover, that politic served to
establish a n d maintain viewing positions from which a feminist
art historical identity could b e formed. Ultimately this paper
suggests that the feminist reception of KahIo, served the needs
of an American viewing position, both through its ability to
confirm the claims, and enforce the identity, of its own position.
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"Getting quality the old-fashioned way : self confirming attributions in the dynamics of process improvement." Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/2653.
Full text
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Kuan-bao and 鄭寬寶. "The use of simplified verbal autopsy in confirming causes of death : An Endemic Forensic study." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95695784947172389122.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
95
In consideration of the low autopsy rate and the need to determine causes of death at the crime scene, we need set a standard procedure or basis to determine the causes of death. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to establish the kind of systematic methodology, which utilizes the combination of verbal autopsy and corpse external examination to determine the causes of death. Through questionnaire received from family members of the deceased, verbal autopsy includes takes into consideration the daily habits and medical history of the deceased, which, can provide significant clues to uncover the causes of death. Additionally, this procedure can also indirectly offer the reference data about the efficiency, approach, and attitude of the investigator/police, and the response of the dead’s family member during the verbal autopsy. This research use the questionnaire collected from the family members of the deceased in the Yun-lin County jurisdiction. We verify and then key in the data after collecting the research data, and use the “Chi-Square Test” ,“frequency allocation” and “factor analysis” to perform statistical analysis. Frequency allocation method presents that illness is frequently related to death of illness; the accidents are approximately related to the flesh wound; alcohol abuse leads to the liver complaint; pesticide poisoned and suffocation are the majority of suicide. Chi-Square Test < 0.01, however, displays that body condition, the flesh wound and cardiovascular disease, patent medicine abuse and so on, have relation and remarkable difference with the cause of death. Factor analysis shows that body condition and flesh wound are more associated with the cause of death. From this research, we can not only strengthen our concern and psychological counseling consults of the dead’s family member just before the end to die, but discriminate the administrative autopsy and the judicial one.
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Ren-Cheng, Zhang, and 張仁誠. "A study of confirming the influences fo bounded rationality behaviors on career decision-making performance of qualified teachers." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50176015365060936455.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
98
This study aimed to investigate the influences of vocational awareness, psychological biases, and career myths on career decision-making performance under bounded rationality behaviors model. The researcher conducted surveys by using self-invented questionnaires of vocational awareness, psychological biases, career myths and career decision-making performance. Participants were 392 qualified teachers who were currently preparing for teacher’s auditions. All participants were selected through the Internet. The study used structural equation model to analyze the data and further discussion of the relationships between variables were provided. The results confirmed that vocational awareness, psychological biases and career myths had direct effects on career decision-making performance. However, vocational awareness had mediate effects on career decision-making performance through career myths. Vocational awareness did not have indirect effects on career decision-making performance through psychological biases. In conclusion, the major influences of career decision-making performance for qualified teachers came from vocational awareness. Nonetheless, the influences from bounded rationality behaviors were relatively weaker.
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Tseng, Chu-Chun, and 曾筑君. "Factors of Influence for Confirming Severe Enterovirus Infection in the Reporting System ─ The Example of Mandatory Communicable Disease Reporting System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13897020212467867478.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北醫學大學
醫務管理學研究所
97
Background: Since the 1998 outbreak of Enterovirus 71 type infection in Taiwan, a large-scale pandemic would take place between early March and the beginning of autumn every year, which was causing panic all over Taiwan. The children under five years old have become the most vulnerable ones infected with severe complications such like aseptic meningitis, pulmonary edema and acute myocarditis, which even caused approximately 10% to 25.7% of those infected children died. Not only in Taiwan, but seventeen countries including U.S.A, France and Australia have severe enterovirus infection outbreak. The Centers of Disease Control, Taiwan has listed the severe enterovirus infection as the secondary mandatory communicable disease and established an instant notification system for tracing the epidemic situation; the doctors who found the infected case have to inform, report, confirm the case and trace the situation in order to prevent the epidemic of enterovirus infection. This research focuses on what factors in Mandatory Communicable Disease Reporting System could help doctors confirm who the real case is for severe enterovirus infection. Methods: Secondary data was used in this research. Variables analyzed included patient characters, hospital level, physician’s behavior for treatment, and disease characters from 1999~2008 Mandatory Communicable Disease Reporting System Database. There are 2611 suspected cases in the reporting system. Descriptine analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression were applied to explore relationships between independent variables and confirmed cases of severe enterovirus infection. Results:There are 1503 confirmed cases of severe enterovirus infection and 1084 non-severe enterovirus infection cases according to the reporting system. We found the diagnosis accuracy rate is 58.1%. After calculating the diagnosis accuracy rate each year, the proportion has the tendency to rise gradually every year. In comparing with all variables, there is a significant difference among hospital levels (P<0.01), especially medical center has a higher accuracy rate then local hospital (45.1% vs. 1.4%, OR=1.4). Physician’s behavior is also significant. The other results show that season and the county where patients lived are both positively related to the rate of confirmed cases of severe enterovirus infection cases. Conclusions: These results should be taken into account when the public health policies are reviewed. The research shows the part of factors in Mandatory Communicable Disease Reporting System could do preliminary confirming, and it can also monitor the epidemic tendency effectively.
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Jian, Yu-Cin, and 簡郁芩. "Constructing and confirming a cognitive model of mechanical kinematic representation by recording eye movement during the reading of texts and diagrams." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92728018646693341205.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
101
The process of forming kinematic representations contributes to high-order cognitive behavior in humans. The purpose of this study was to construct a cognitive model of kinematic representations within a machine. Two experiments were designed to confirm this model. This model examined the function of text and diagrams for forming internal representations of configurations and kinematic information. Moreover, this model also examined how configuration and kinematic information interact with each other during reading. Readers’ eye movements and comprehension were monitored as they read a piece of text. Experiment 1 consisted of a two-stage procedure: readers first read diagrams and then read a text-and-diagram article about a flushing cistern. We investigated whether readers could construct kinematic representations of diagrams with or without arrows (arrow group versus non-arrow group). Results showed that step-by-step question scores were higher for the arrow group than for the non-arrow group after reading the mechanical diagrams; however, this difference disappeared when both groups read the text-and-diagram article and then revised the step-by-step questions. In addition, scores on troubleshooting questions were higher for the arrow group than for the non-arrow group after reading the text-and-diagram article. In our analysis of eye movements, the arrow group had shorter mean saccade lengths on the diagrams and had longer gaze durations toward the first diagram than the non-arrow group. As for the non-arrow group, the strategy they seemed to use was comparing the status between the two diagrams. Therefore, there were more saccades between the two diagrams for the non-arrow group than for the arrow group. Experiment 1 confirmed that diagrams with arrows conveyed kinematic information, but the kinematic information conveyed was not the same as what could be conveyed by words. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether readers have the ability to form internal representations of mechanical configurations described via written text. The relationship between a mechanical configuration and kinematic information was also of interest. Readers first read the mechanical configurations, which consisted of text or a diagram, and then read text describing kinematic information of the same system. Participants were assigned to one of three groups (configuration group, non-configuration group, or diagram group). Results showed that the configuration group had higher configuration tests scores than the non-configuration group. However, both groups made progress on the revised configuration tests after reading the kinematic text. In addition, the configuration test scores regarding local connective relations were higher for the configuration group than for the diagram group. However, on the global dimension of the same test, the diagram group did better than the configuration group. In our analysis of eye movements, the configuration group displayed shorter total fixation durations and rereading times of the kinematic text than did the non-configuration and diagram groups. Experiment 2 confirmed that readers were able to form a mental representation of the mechanical configuration described by written words. However, both text and diagrams have their advantages for describing configurations; the former’s advantage is on the level of describing local connective relations, while the latter’s advantage is on the level of global analogic relations within the mechanical system. Readers can utilize mechanical configurations to form kinematic information. Conversely, kinematic information could also be used to revise and adjust readers’ mental representations of mechanical configurations. In sum, the model of the current study has been confirmed through the results of two experiments. We discuss relevant empirical research and theoretical underpinnings as they pertain to the current study.