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Books on the topic 'Conflict Entrepreneur'
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1
Addison, Tony. Reconstruction from war in Africa: Communities, entrepreneurs and states. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2001.
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2
Speakman, John, and Annoula Rysova. The Small Entrepreneur in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations. World Bank Publications, 2015.
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3
Speakman, John, and Annoula Rysova. The Small Entrepreneur in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations. The World Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0018-4.
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4
Affect, Interest and Political Entrepreneurs in Ethnic and Religious Conflicts. Routledge, 2018.
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5
Harel-Shalev, Ayelet, and Arthur A. Stein. Affect Interest and Political Entrepreneurs in Ethnic and Religious Conflicts. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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6
Hegre, Håvard. Civil Conflict and Development. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.9.
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This article examines the relationship between civil conflict and development. After outlining definitions of conflict and development, it considers a number of explanations of why they are empirically related. The extent to which conflict, such as civil war, is due to development is discussed, along with how conflict affects development. The article then describes the routes through which conflict reduces development, namely destruction, disruption, diversion, and dis-saving. It also considers why development reduces the risk of conflict, paying particular attention to poverty as motivation for conflict, opportunities for violence entrepreneurs, poor state capacity, decreased lootability in diversified economies, higher costs to violence in densely interacting societies, indirect effect through political institutions, and education and the cognitive ability to maintain peaceful relations. The article concludes by assessing future prospects for the conflict–development linkage, as well as the role of development in reducing incidences of armed conflict worldwide.
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Stein, Arthur A., and Ayelet Harel-Shalev, eds. Affect, Interest and Political Entrepreneurs in Ethnic and Religious Conflicts. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351182607.
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Ethnic Entrepreneurs Unmasked: Political Institutions and Ethnic Conflicts in Contemporary Bulgaria. ibidem-Verlag, 2018.
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9
Mehlum, Halvor, and Karl Moene. Aggressive Elites and Vulnerable Entrepreneurs: Trust and Cooperation in the Shadow of Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195392777.013.0028.
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10
Koinova, Maria. Diaspora Entrepreneurs and Contested States. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848622.001.0001.
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Why do conflict-generated diasporas mobilize in contentious and non-contentious ways or use mixed strategies of contention? Why do they channel their homeland-oriented goals through host-states, transnational networks, and international organizations? This book develops a theory of socio-spatial positionality and its implications for the individual agency of diaspora entrepreneurs, moving beyond essentialized notions of diasporas as groups. Individual diaspora entrepreneurs operate in transnational social fields affecting their mobilizations beyond dynamics confined to host-states and original home-states. There are four types of diaspora entrepreneurs—Broker, Local, Distant, and Reserved—depending on the relative strength of their socio-spatial linkages to host-land, on the one hand, and original homeland and other global locations, on the other. A two-level typological theory captures nine causal pathways, unravelling how the socio-spatial linkages of these diaspora entrepreneurs interact with external factors: host-land foreign policies, homeland governments, parties, non-state actors, and critical events or limited global influences. Such pathways produce mobilization trajectories with varying levels of contention and methods of channelling homeland-oriented goals. Non-contentious pathways often occur when host-state foreign policies are convergent with the diaspora entrepreneurs’ goals, and when diaspora entrepreneurs can act autonomously. Dual-pronged contention pathways occur quite often, under the influence of homeland governments, non-state actors, and political parties. The most contentious pathway occurs in response to violent critical events in the homeland or adjacent to it fragile states. This book is informed by 300 interviews and a dataset of 146 interviews with diaspora entrepreneurs among the Albanian, Armenian, and Palestinian diasporas in the UK, Germany, France, Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as Kosovo and Armenia in the European neighbourhood.
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Dorronsoro, Gilles, and Olivier Grojean, eds. Identity, Conflict and Politics in Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845780.001.0001.
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Ethnic and religious identity-markers compete with class and gender as principles shaping the organization and classification of everyday life. But how are an individual's identity-based conflicts transformed and redefined? Identity is a specific form of social capital, hence contexts where multiple identities necessarily come with a hierarchy, with differences, and hence with a certain degree of hostility. It examines the rapid transformation of identity hierarchies affecting Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, a symptom of political fractures, social-economic transformation, and new regimes of subjectification. They focus on the state's role in organizing access to resources, with its institutions often being the main target of demands, rather than competing social groups. Such contexts enable entrepreneurs of collective action to exploit identity differences, which in turn help them to expand the scale of their mobilization and to align local and national conflicts. The authors also examine how identity-based violence may be autonomous in certain contexts, and serve to prime collective action and transform the relations between communities.
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Reiser, Dana Brakman, and Steven A. Dean. Evaluating the Current Menu of Legal Forms for Social Enterprise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249786.003.0004.
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This chapter shows why legal forms recently developed to house social enterprise, such as the benefit corporation, leave social mission vulnerable to unilateral termination. Benefit corporation statutes grant shareholders unfettered discretion to discard social mission at any time. L3C statutes grant the same autonomy to entrepreneurs. In either case, the entity’s social mission can be shed without penalty, so adopting the form provides little reassurance of entrepreneurs’ and investors’ commitments. The chapter traces this weakness in part to the statutes’ inadequate mandate that adopting entities “do both” profit-making and social good generation. Without guidance to organizational leaders on how much of each objective to produce and which to prioritize when they conflict, entrepreneurs and investors do not know what to expect. This first generation of social enterprise law achieved an important expressive victory, but it represents only a first step towards creating a legal regime that helps them to flourish.
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Faiz, Asma. In Search of Lost Glory. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567135.001.0001.
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This book traces the trajectory of Sindhi nationalism in its quest for lost glory. It examines the Sindhi nationalist movement through its various stages, ranging from pre-partition identity construction in pursuit of the separation of Sindh from Bombay, to the post-partition travails of a community which lost its identity and its capital as a result of the arrival of millions of migrants from India (Muhajirs) and of the actions of an over-bearing central government. Going beyond the state and its power play, the book examines the long history of Sindhi-Muhajir contestation for resources in the post-partition period. The book develops a comprehensive profile of the agency of nationalist parties in Sindh, including the Sindhudesh detour and the later fragmentation of the Jiye Sind movement, which was followed by the emergence of new parties. The author also analyzes the dual role of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) as an ethnic entrepreneur inside the province while operating as a federal party outside Sindh. The book covers nationalist contention at three levels: the struggle for power between Sindh and a dominant Centre; the inter-ethnic conflict between Sindhis and Muhajirs; and the intra-ethnic contestation between the Sindhi nationalists themselves and the PPP.
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Williams, Nick. The Diaspora and Returnee Entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190911874.001.0001.
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This book analyses the role that the diaspora play when returning as entrepreneurs to their homeland. Returnee entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who have moved away from their home country and lived as part of the diaspora, and have later returned home to live, invest, or both. With increased movements of people around the world, the role of transnational economic activity is becoming ever more significant, yet little is still understood about the motivations and contribution of those who return to their homeland to undertake entrepreneurial activity. The book examines return to post-conflict economies, with the returnees initially forced to move due to war. In doing so, it examines policy approaches to return and the intentions of returnees, and highlights the important role that emotional attachment plays in harnessing return. The book recognises the undoubted potential of diaspora entrepreneurs to benefit their homeland. Yet it also recognises the challenges in doing so. Not all diaspora entrepreneurship will be beneficial. Not all policy interventions will be effective, despite good intentions. Yet the lessons contained within this book are that by understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with diaspora return entrepreneurship, more effective strategies can be put in place.
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Saraf, Priyam, Tasmia Rahman, and Julian Jamison. Group-Based Cognitive Behavioral Training Improves Mental Health of SME Entrepreneurs: Experimental Evidence from Conflict-Affected Areas of Pakistan. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8872.
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Keohane, Georgia Levenson. Capital and the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178020.001.0001.
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Despite social and economic advances around the world, poverty and disease persist, exacerbated by the mounting challenges of climate change, natural disasters, political conflict, mass migration, and economic inequality. While governments commit to addressing these challenges, traditional public and philanthropic dollars are not enough. Here, innovative finance has shown a way forward: by borrowing techniques from the world of finance, we can raise capital for social investments today. Innovative finance has provided polio vaccines to children in the DRC, crop insurance to farmers in India, pay-as-you-go solar electricity to Kenyans, and affordable housing and transportation to New Yorkers. It has helped governmental, commercial, and philanthropic resources meet the needs of the poor and underserved and build a more sustainable and inclusive prosperity. Capital and the Common Good shows how market failure in one context can be solved with market solutions from another: an expert in securitization bundles future development aid into bonds to pay for vaccines today; an entrepreneur turns a mobile phone into an array of financial services for the unbanked; and policy makers adapt pay-for-success models from the world of infrastructure to human services like early childhood education, maternal health, and job training. Revisiting the successes and missteps of these efforts, Georgia Levenson Keohane argues that innovative finance is as much about incentives and sound decision-making as it is about money. When it works, innovative finance gives us the tools, motivation, and security to invest in our shared future.
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Saraf, Priyam, Tasmia Rahman, Miguel Gallardo, Julian Jamison, and Charles Lor. Improving Mental Well-Being and Productivity of Small-Medium Entrepreneurs in Fragile, Conflict and Violence Affected Areas: Can Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trainings Help? World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8489.
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18
Whyman, Susan E. Rough Diamonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797838.003.0003.
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Hutton was one of many rough diamonds—‘men of great talent but no polish’—who offer an alternative model to ‘politeness’. These self-educated entrepreneurs add a new layer to our knowledge of provincial society. Chapter 2 defines their characteristics, roles, strategies, and impacts. Case studies give life to Hutton’s collaborators and competitors including the printer John Baskerville, the industrialist Samuel Garbett, and the papermaker Robert Bage. They reveal how outsiders fit (or not) into the social structure and how mainstream society responded. Their lack of education and refusal to give deference caused problems, resentment, and grudges that are revealed in Hutton’s ‘Memorandums’. The result is a picture of suppressed conflict that allows us to address questions about social change and mobility. Yet because rough diamonds had confidence to experiment with new ideas, they became driving forces for the spread of mass culture on a less refined but more widespread plane.
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Whyman, Susan E. The Useful Knowledge of William Hutton. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797838.001.0001.
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The Useful Knowledge of William Hutton shows the rapid rise of a self-taught workman and of the city of Birmingham during the two major events of the eighteenth century—the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment. Hutton achieved wealth, land, status, and literary fame, but later became a victim of violent riots. The book boldly claims that an understanding of the Industrial Revolution requires engaging with the figure of the ‘rough diamond’, a person of worth and character, but lacking in manners, education, and refinement. A cast of unpolished entrepreneurs is brought to life as they drive economic and social change, and improve their towns and themselves. The book also contends that the rise of Birmingham cannot be understood without accepting that its vibrant cultural life was a crucial factor that spurred economic growth. Readers are plunged into a hidden provincial world marked by literacy, bookshops, printing, authorship, and the spread of useful knowledge. We see that ordinary people read history and wrote poetry, whilst they grappled with the effects of industrial change. Newly discovered memoirs reveal social conflict and relationships in rare detail. They also address problems of social mobility, income inequality, and breathtaking technological change that perplex us today.
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Allen, Craig. Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401643.001.0001.
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The first completely researched history of U.S. Spanish-language television traces the rise of two foremost, if widely unrecognized, modern American enterprises—the Spanish-language networks Univision and Telemundo. It is a standard scholarly history constructed from archives, original interviews, reportage, and other public materials. Occasioned by the public’s wakening to a “Latinization” of the U.S., the book demonstrates that the emergence of Spanish-language television as a force in mass communication is essential to understanding the increasing role of Latinos and Latino affairs in modern American society. It argues that a combination of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs and innovators who overcame large odds resolves a significant and timely question: In an English-speaking country, how could a Spanish-speaking institution have emerged? Through exploration of significant and colorful pioneers, continuing conflicts and setbacks, landmark strides, and ongoing controversies—and with revelations that include regulatory indecision, behind-the-scenes tug-of-war, and the internationalization of U.S. mass media—the rise of a Spanish-language institution in the English-speaking U.S. is explained. Nine chapters that begin with Spanish-language television’s inception in 1961 and end 2012 chronologically narrate the endeavor’s first 50 years. Events, passages, and themes are thoroughly referenced.
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Dowd, Cate. Digital Journalism, Drones, and Automation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655860.001.0001.
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Advances in online technology and news systems, such as automated reasoning across digital resources and connectivity to cloud servers for storage and software, have changed digital journalism production and publishing methods. Integrated media systems used by editors are also conduits to search systems and social media, but the lure of big data and rise in fake news have fragmented some layers of journalism, alongside investments in analytics and a shift in the loci for verification. Data has generated new roles to exploit data insights and machine learning methods, but access to big data and data lakes is so significant it has spawned newsworthy partnerships between media moguls and social media entrepreneurs. However, digital journalism does not even have its own semantic systems that could protect the values of journalism, but relies on the affordances of other systems. Amidst indexing and classification systems for well-defined vocabulary and concepts in news, data leaks and metadata present challenges for journalism. By contrast data visualisations and real-time field reporting with short-form mobile media and civilian drones set new standards during the European asylum seeker crisis. Aerial filming with drones also adds to the ontological base of journalism. An ontology for journalism and intersecting ontologies can inform the design of new semantic learning systems. The Semantic CAT Method, which draws on participatory design and game design, also assists the conceptual design of synthetic players with emotion attributes, towards a meta-model for learning. The design of context-aware sensor systems to protect journalists in conflict zones is also discussed.
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Brint, Steven. Two Cheers for Higher Education. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.001.0001.
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Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their vitality. After a recent period that witnessed soaring student enrollment and ample research funding, the book argues that universities are in a better position than ever before. Focusing on the years 1980–2015, it details the trajectory of American universities, which was influenced by evolving standards of disciplinary professionalism, market-driven partnerships (especially with scientific and technological innovators outside the academy), and the goal of social inclusion. Conflicts arose: academic entrepreneurs, for example, flouted their campus responsibilities, and departments faced backlash over the hiring of scholars with nontraditional research agendas. Nevertheless, educators' commitments to technological innovation and social diversity prevailed and created a new dynamism. The book documents these successes along with the challenges that result from rapid change. Today, knowledge-driven industries generate almost half of US GDP, but divisions by educational level split the American political order. Students flock increasingly to fields connected to the power centers of American life and steer away from the liberal arts. And opportunities for economic mobility are expanding even as academic expectations decline. In describing how universities can meet such challenges head on, especially in improving classroom learning, the book offers not only a clear-eyed perspective on the current state of American higher education but also a pragmatically optimistic vision for the future.