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Sabin, Scott, Birori Dieudonne, John Mitchell, Jared White, Corey Chin, and Robert Morikawa. "Community-Based Watershed Change: A Case Study in Eastern Congo." Forests 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060475.
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Conflict and environmental degradation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are interrelated and complex. The authors conducted a case study of a community-based environmental restoration project in Eastern Congo and provide early results which suggest a link between community environmental action and multidimensional outcomes such as peace and reconciliation. The project examined in this study is based on a framework (Theory of Change) which networks communities through autonomous savings groups, churches, mosques, schools, and a community leadership network with the goal of catalyzing sustainable farming, reforestation, and community forest management. The primary project input was training, and the resulting voluntary community action included tree planting and the management of common forest areas. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate project results comparing two watersheds, and included a difference in differences analysis, participatory workshops, remote sensing analysis, and community activity reports. Positive change was observed in the treatment watershed in terms of ecosystem health and household economic condition. Results suggest a possible influence on peace conditions which, while fragile, offers hope for continued restorative action by communities. This study provides evidence that a community-based approach to environmental restoration may have a positive influence on multidimensional issues such as forests, watershed health, economic well-being, and peace.
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Folarin, George O., and Adewale J. Adelakun. "Multi-Dimensional Approach To Crisis Management In The Church." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 23 (August 29, 2016): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n23p270.
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The church, like every other society, encounters internal crisis. Theological Seminaries and Universities are well-positioned to help the church in its search for methods of coping with the problem. But because the studies of religion and other disciplines in many Universities are academic, supposedly objective, and comparative, products of the research findings from Universities with interest in religion and social sciences can contribute to the search for multidimensional management of church crisis. Eclectic theory of civil conflict resolution of Keih as modified for religious conflict management by Israel Akanji was applied to the data collected for this work.
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Cafazzo, Simona, Sarah Marshall-Pescini, Martina Lazzaroni, Zsófia Virányi, and Friederike Range. "The effect of domestication on post-conflict management: wolves reconcile while dogs avoid each other." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (July 2018): 171553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171553.
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Highly cooperative social species are expected to engage in frequent reconciliation following conflicts in order to maintain pack cohesiveness and preserve future cooperation. By contrast, in social species with low reliance on cooperation, reconciliation is expected to be less frequent. Here, we investigate the pattern of reconciliation in four captive wolf packs and four captive dog packs. We provide evidence for reconciliation in captive wolves, which are highly dependent on cooperation between pack members, while domestic dogs, which rely on conspecific cooperation less than wolves, avoided interacting with their partners after conflicts. Occurrence, intensity, latency, duration and initiation of wolf reconciliations appeared to vary as a consequence of a compromise between the costs (e.g. risk of further aggression) and the benefits (e.g. restoring relationship with opponents) of such interactions. Our results are in line with previous findings on various wolf packs living under different social and ecological conditions, suggesting that reconciliation is an important strategy for maintaining functional relationships and pack cohesiveness. However, current results on dogs are in contrast to the only other study showing that reconciliation can occur also in this species. Therefore, the occurrence of reconciliation in dogs may be influenced by social and environmental conditions more than in wolves. Which factors promote and modulate reconciliation in dogs needs to be further investigated.
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Kutsukake, Nobuyuki, and Tim H. Clutton-Brock. "Do meerkats engage in conflict management following aggression? Reconciliation, submission and avoidance." Animal Behaviour 75, no. 4 (April 2008): 1441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.018.
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Nazarov, Nikita. "SOCIAL AND LABOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT: UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (15) (March 31, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2021.15.091.
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The subject of study in the article is the process of socio-economic conflict management. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and methodological approaches in the management of labor conflicts as a form of social and labor relations based on Ukrainian and foreign experience. The following tasks are solved in the article: to investigate the essence and place of social and labor conflict in the system of social contradictions; provide a classification of conflicts in the social and labor sphere; to study the forms and methods of resolving social and labor conflicts: to analyze the success of conflict prevention in Ukrainian and foreign practice. The following methods are used: method of analysis and synthesis, classification-analytical method, abstract-logical method, historical-retrospective analysis and generalization. The following results were obtained: the concept of socio-economic conflict is clarified. The classification of conflicts is carried out, which gives an understanding of the nature and essence of conflict relations on the following grounds: the method of conflict resolution (antagonistic and compromise conflicts); spheres of conflict (political, social, economic, organizational conflicts); direction of impact (vertical and horizontal conflicts); degree of conflict confrontation (hidden and open conflicts); the number of participants in conflict interaction (intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup); needs (cognitive and interest conflicts). Structural and interpersonal methods for resolving conflict situations are defined. An analysis of the current state of resolution and prevention of labor conflicts in 2020 was conducted according to the National Service for Mediation and Reconciliation. Foreign experience in resolving labor disputes has proved the feasibility of developing the following ways to resolve labor disputes in Ukraine: with the help of special courts on labor and social security (sectoral justice); through civil proceedings in general courts; through conciliation and arbitration procedures. Conclusions: The analysis allowed to determine the essence of social and labor conflict as a form of social and labor relations at the micro, meso, and macro levels, which is manifested in the opposition of the subjects of the socio-economic sphere. Applying the gained world experience it is possible to reduce social tensions and to strengthen social and economic safety of the state.
Keywords: brand; definition; branding; brand book; rebranding; stages.
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Ring, Irene, Riku Variopuro, Randi Thum, and Jukka Simila. "Protected Species in Conflict with Fisheries: The Interplay between European and National Regulation." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 5 (2006): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00470.
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AbstractSuccessful public conservation policies at various governmental levels have increased some populations of protected species to the extent that they are causing damage to human activities, like fisheries. As a reaction public authorities are developing biodiversity reconciliation policies. Finland and Germany have both created reconciliation policies for the conflicts between nature conservation and fisheries including a package of measures like management of population, support of technical measures and various types of compensation payments. All these measures are affected by European policy and law, though no special reconciliation policy has been adopted at European level. This article explores the options European regulation offers and the restrictions it imposes on Member States. Based on experiences with German and Finnish biodiversity reconciliation policies, the interrelationship between European and national regulation is elaborated, leading to suggestions for better coordination of reconciliation policies between different governmental levels.
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Bartunek, Jean M., and Barbara E. Bowe. "The transformational management of conflict: A perspective from the early Christian church." Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1988): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01385044.
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Ayoko, Oluremi Bolanle. "Workplace conflict and willingness to cooperate." International Journal of Conflict Management 27, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 172–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-12-2014-0092.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between conflict, apologies, forgiveness and willingness to cooperate after a conflict event. Design/methodology/approach The paper used scenarios and quantitative measures to examine the connection between conflict, perceived apology sincerity, forgiveness and willingness to cooperate in 358 business undergraduates. Findings Data revealed that relationship conflict was significantly but negatively associated with forgiveness and willingness to cooperate. Additionally, attitudes toward forgiveness were directly and positively related not only to forgiveness but also to willingness to cooperate. Finally, forgiveness mediated the link between both perceived apology sincerity attitudes to forgiveness and willingness to cooperate. Research limitations/implications Data were cross-sectional and may be subject to bias. Longitudinal studies are needed to further tease out the connection between the variables in the current study. Similarly, future research should explore the role of climate and individuals’ disposition and readiness to apologize, forgive and their willingness to cooperate at work. Practical implications The paper includes practical implications for managers interested in eliciting cooperation after a workplace conflict. Specifically, apology and forgiveness should be included in managers’ conflict management training programs. Social implications Our findings indicated that apology and forgiveness are social skills that are important for conflict management and cooperation after a workplace conflict. Originality/value Beyond reconciliation, the current study provides new insights into the important role of actual forgiveness in whether employees are willing to cooperate after conflict at work. Practical assistance is offered to managers who are interested in fostering cooperation and increased performance after conflict episodes.
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Mwesigye, Adrian R. "An Involvement of African Traditional Means of Reconciliation to Improve Conflict Management in Africa." Journal of Modern Education Review 4, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/02.04.2014/007.
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Ataee, Mohammad Asif. "The Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and Organizational Effectiveness: A Case Study of Herat Municipality." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 08 (August 1, 2020): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i08.sh01.
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The general aim of this study is to “examining the relationship between conflict management styles and effectiveness in Herat Municipality in Afghanistan”. The methodology of the research is Descriptive – correlation, and it is practical in terms of aim. The method of sampling in this research is simple random sampling and the sample size is 140 (Female, N= 21 and Male, N= 119) employees of the Herat Municipality. The data gathering tools are the standard questionnaire of conflict management styles and a standard questionnaire of organizational effectiveness. For analyzing data SPSS 22 software is used. According to the results of this study, it can be seen that managers in conflict management in the Herat Municipality use more cooperation and reconciliation strategies. Compromise style also has many effects. The use of these styles signifies the constructive use of conflict. While the use of avoidance style does not affect conflict management, on the other hand, the use of competition style in conflict management has the opposite effect. Since there has been no research on this subject in Afghanistan so far, this research is a novel and new research in this regard that can provide the reader with new information about the topic, especially in Herat province. On the other hand, this research is the beginning of more research in this field for other researchers.
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Lieberfeld, Daniel. "Political leadership, peacemaking, and post-conflict reconciliation: Xanana Gusmão and East Timor." Leadership 14, no. 1 (November 3, 2015): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715015614090.
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How and to what extent can individual leaders affect policy making during and after violent political conflicts? Why are some motivated to prioritize settlement and reconciliation? The article addresses these questions through a case study of Xanana Gusmão, who led the 24-year struggle against Indonesian military occupation in East Timor and became president. It assesses Gusmão’s influence on conflict and post-conflict policy takes a trait-based approach to understanding the motivations and capabilities of Gusmão and other “reconciliation-oriented leaders.”
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Dr Edmore Dube, Dr Edmore Dube. "Reflections on the media coverage of the Anglican Church management conflict in Zimbabwe." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 10, no. 4 (2013): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1046673.
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YIMER, Benyam Lake. "ETHIOPIA: ABEGAR INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION SYSTEM – COMMUNITY BASED RECONCILIATION." Conflict Studies Quarterly 36 (July 5, 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.36.4.
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Reconciliation is inevitable for restoring harmony among a society and making peaceful interaction between those who are at variance. The main objective of this study is to investigate the Abegar indigenous conflict resolution system based on community reconciliation in Haberu Woreda, North Wollo. This study employs a qualitative research design and descriptive nature. The study collected primary data from different informants by employing such qualitative data collection techniques as the interview, focus group discussions and observation. The finding of the study revealed that Abegars indigenous conflict resolution system aims at the restoration of order and harmony of the community. The types of conflicts presented and resolved in the community are inter-personal, homicide, inter-group in nature which stemmed from abduction of girls and women, violation of social values, theft, conflict over claims of a girl, competition over ownership of land, and drunkenness. The findings further show that family reconciliation, blood reconciliation (demmaderk) and compensation performance are the major community reconciliation procedures (methods) of conflict management used by the studied community depending on the nature and types of conflicts. Moreover, the ritual ceremony has symbolic and practical significance to established trust between conflicting parties that their relationship is restored. Keywords: Conflict Resolution, Indigenous, Reconciliation, Community
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Adler, Paul S., and Bryan Borys. "Materialism and Idealism in Organizational Research." Organization Studies 14, no. 5 (September 1993): 657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069301400503.
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Organization theory needs a framework that can elucidate the technological, economic, political and symbolic forces that are at work in and on organizations. Much organizational research can be seen as materialist, by virtue of its granting primary causal efficacy to technical—economic forces, or idealist by virtue of privileging political—symbolic forces. The conflict between materialism and ideal ism has often been inflated and/or obscured by conceptual strategies of specializa tion, eclecticism and reductionism. A metatheoretical approach to materialism and idealism is presented that clarifies the fundamental nature of the approaches and distinguishes areas of possible reconciliation from areas of irreducible conflict.
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Pratt, Tim J., Roy K. Smollan, and Edwina Pio. "Transitional leadership to resolve conflict, facilitate change and restore wellbeing." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 1053–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-05-2018-1419.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the experiences of church ministers who played the role of transitional leaders in congregational situations involving conflict. Design/methodology/approach Grounded theory was chosen as a suitable approach to investigate phenomena that occasionally penetrate religious publications and even less frequently scholarly management journals. Accordingly, in-depth interviews were conducted with six church ministers who had been transitional leaders in one Christian denomination in New Zealand. Findings Participants indicated that the drivers of transitional ministry were conflict, dysfunction and loss of direction; the goals were to heal the damage caused by conflict and restore functionality and well-being; the process, underpinned by a leadership philosophy of affirmation, trust-building, engagement and communication, involved working with church members to instil hope, establish operational structures, identify and resolve dysfunction, envision a future and ultimately recruit a permanent minister. Research limitations/implications The limitations of a small sample size in one Christian denomination could be addressed by using wider samples in other contexts. It is suggested that insights into transitional leadership after conflict will be of interest to researchers as well as practitioners in other religious organizations, the wider non-profit sector and the private sector. Future research into the impact of transitional leadership, against a background of conflict and organizational change, will add to this empirical foundation. Originality/value The model of transitional ministry is a unique contribution to religious literature and practice. It also offers insight into how other types of organization could deal with the exit of its permanent leader, in circumstances of conflict, and manage the transition phase of a temporary replacement, so that the organization returns to a state of well-being with a renewed sense of purpose.
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Mujiburrahman, Mujiburrahman. "Roles of the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) in Aceh’s Reconciliation to Strengthen Indonesia’s National Integration After Tsunami in 2005." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v2i2.4218.
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Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is a National Government Organization that focuses on advocacy for sustainable security and conflict resolution. This organization was founded in 2000 by Martti Ahtisaari. Ge was the former president of Finland in 1994-2000. CMI was asked to facilitate negotiation between the Indonesian government and GAM (Free Aceh Movement), through personal contact between Farid Husain and Juha Christensen. Aceh conflict was a disintegration-oriented-conflict, so it was potential to threaten Indonesia’s sovereignty.This research used the historical method with heuristic, criticism or verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. The primary sources of data on this research were information in the media, both printed and electronic. Besides, this research also examined or reviewed the literary references that were related and relevant to the research topic. The study was to reveal how the background of CMI's involvement in Aceh peace in 2005, and how the strategic roles of CMI in resolving conflicts until the realization of Aceh peace in 2005 for Aceh remained a part of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).The role of CMI as a reputable international institution and getting the trust of both parties, was capable of providing intervention to the conflicting parties so that its role became very strategic in mediating the conflict. The success of CMI was seen from the negotiation held in Helsinki Finland, resulting in the execution of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on August 15, 2005, as a peace agreement. After the signing of the Helsinki MoU, armed conflict stopped, and the social lives were back to normal, and the development process could resume usually.
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Stronks, Sara, and Otto M. J. Adang. "Critical moments in police-citizen reconciliation." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2014-0136.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interaction of police and citizen representatives during critical moments in reconciliation processes through a relational model. Design/methodology/approach – Based on 26 in-depth interviews with key actors in three different cases of media-salient police-citizen group conflict, the interactions in the run-up to, during and after five moments that were critical in the transformation from conflict to cooperation, were analyzed. In focussing on the role of the intergroup relationship in conflict interaction, the applicability of relationship-value, compatibility and security in defining this relationship were explored. Findings – Although interactions during critical moments differed along the specific conflict contexts, three chronological stages could be deduced. In the first stage, interactions were tensed and emotional. During the second stage, repressing this insecurity through the exchange of value and compatibility signals was important. In the third stage, the transformation toward friendlier, cooperative dialogue and a less tensed atmosphere was made. Emotional expression, information sharing and emphasizing compatibility seemed particularly important in (re)defining and negotiating police-citizen relationships. Research limitations/implications – In analysis, the authors had to rely on limited and retrospective accounts of interactions and attitudes and its indivertible errors. Originality/value – This is one of very few studies that analyses police-involved post conflict interactions with a relational model. With regard to the importance of strong police-citizen relationships, the results should be of value to any operational police worker and specifically those who are involved in operational or strategic conflict-management and communication.
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Cordoni, Giada, Elisa Demuru, Enrico Ceccarelli, and Elisabetta Palagi. "Play, aggressive conflict and reconciliation in pre-school children: what matters?" Behaviour 153, no. 9-11 (2016): 1075–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003397.
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Play provides children with the opportunity to train in fundamental social skills, including conflict management. Here, we evaluate the management of play, aggressive conflict and reconciliation in 3- to 5-year-old preschool children. 3-year-old children show the highest levels of aggressive conflicts in free play, and do not reconcile their aggressive conflicts in the first months of the preschool year because they still lack social capacities to successfully manage interactions with peers. We found no gender bias in being aggressors or victims, but gender-typed traits were reflected in the expression of aggressiveness in same-sex peers for boys, who rely more on physical contacts than girls. Gender segregation in play is seen only in boys, regardless of age. Our results emphasize the importance of considering play, aggressive conflicts, and reconciliation as a whole, in order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the development of pre- and post-conflict dynamics in humans.
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Casas-Casas, Andrés, Nathalie Mendez, and Juan Federico Pino. "Trust and Prospective Reconciliation: Evidence From a Protracted Armed Conflict." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15, no. 3 (August 13, 2020): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316620945968.
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Traditional approaches to international aid deal with post-conflict risks focusing on external safeguards for peacebuilding, leaving local social enhancers playing a subsidiary role. Trust has long been highlighted as a key factor that can positively affect sustainable peace efforts by reducing intergroup hostility. Surprisingly, most post-conflict studies deal with trust as a dependent variable. Using a cross-sectional multi-method field study in Colombia, we assess the impact of trust on prospective reconciliation in the midst of an ongoing peace process. We find that trust in ex-combatants and in government increases the likelihood of having positive attitudes towards future reconciliation and willingness to support not only the peace process but reconciliation activities after war. We offer evidence supporting the idea that rather than drawing exclusively on economic and military capabilities, investing in local governance infrastructures that promote prosocial behaviour and positive belief management in the pre-reconciliation face offers a complementary alternative to help societies exit civil wars while tackling barriers to peacebuilding efforts in the initial stages of a post-conflict.
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Forde, Susan. "The bridge on the Neretva: Stari Most as a stage of memory in post-conflict Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina." Cooperation and Conflict 51, no. 4 (July 8, 2016): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716652430.
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This article conceptualises the institutional narrative of the reconstruction of Stari Most (Old Bridge), regarded as an international symbol of reconciliation in Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina, as a staged reconciliation of the city. Constructed during Ottoman occupation Stari Most became a signifier of Mostar and was central to the growth of the city. Stari Most was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian war; restoration began five years following, and the bridge alongside Stari Grad (Old Town) was reopened as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) heritage site in 2004. UNESCO began operating in 1945 on the grounds that ‘peace must be established on the basis of humanity’s moral and intellectual solidarity’, based on a collaborative effort to celebrate diversity and innovation. In this article I conceptualise Stari Most as a stage of memory through identifying, firstly, the institutional staging of the reconstruction as a structure which ‘bridges’ divides, and secondly, the institutional narrative of the bridge as a symbolically reconciling structure, in a city which remains divided.
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Gray, Leslie C. "Environmental Policy, Land Rights, and Conflict: Rethinking Community Natural Resource Management Programs in Burkina Faso." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, no. 2 (April 2002): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d256.
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In this paper I will examine the effects of the implementation of the Gestion des Terroirs approach in several villages in the cotton-growing region of southwestern Burkina Faso, an area of both extensive immigration and fast-paced socioeconomic change. Efforts to restructure land-tenure relations have failed, despite the rhetoric of participatory development, because projects misunderstand the nature of changing land rights, agricultural practices, and village social relations. Failures of efforts to zone land have been exacerbated because land has become a major site of conflict. Population growth and agricultural growth have led to land shortages, intensified competition, and overt conflict. Efforts to restructure landholding by using participatory development methods have had unintended consequences as individuals and groups manipulate meanings and representations about rights to land and land-management strategies in order to lay claim to land. On the one hand some local farmers are attempting to expel migrant farmers from land by invoking notions of who is and who is not using environmentally sound management practices. Migrant farmers, on the other hand, are fearful of leaving land fallow because they fear that the project or their local hosts will take it away from them. Both of these outcomes have increased tension among ethnic and generational groups and fostered mistrust of the motivations of environmental projects. Instead of homogeneous cooperative entities, villages are often based on conflict and competition. Projects, therefore, should focus on conflict resolution and reconciliation when attempting to restructure how natural resources are allocated.
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Turle, Marcus. "Freedom of information and data protection law – A conflict or reconciliation?" Computer Law & Security Review 23, no. 6 (January 2007): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2007.09.006.
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Arnold, R., and Cheryl R. Anderson. "Social Identity, Conflict Management, Religion and a Building: Peaks and Valleys in the Life of a Large Christian Church." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 2, no. 2 (December 2013): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977913509167.
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A large Christian church experienced organizational behaviour issues over a period of approximately 13 years. Growth issues forced the church to evaluate purchase of another property in anticipation of relocating the congregation to a new facility. Church membership plummeted from over 3,000 members to approximately 2,000 members. Strife continued after land and a temporary classroom/chapel/office building were purchased. A new congregation with no psychological or physical relationship to the initial campus developed, with few shared activities or responsibilities. The financial burden borne by the membership because of the new facility further stretched both the pocketbooks and the faith of the members at the home campus that the purchase had even been a good idea. Lack of expertise in managing cognitive conflict to create positive tension and extract differing viewpoints that might uncover innovative solutions to the problem and no conscious thought to curtailing affective conflict that demoralizes, encourages distrust and undermines the solidarity of the group caused a situation that quickly became runaway dissention.
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Saifi, Yara, Hülya Yüceer, and Yonca Hürol. "Revisiting the Conditions of Authenticity for Built Heritage in Areas of Conflict." Heritage 4, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 811–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020045.
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This article examines the application of conditions of authenticity within the context of built heritage management in areas of political conflict, where heritage management can be seen as a political act rather than a means of protection. It focuses on values attributed to built heritage that can be targeted or reinvented by the dominant power in areas of conflict with minorities being powerless to intervene. The argument is built around the Agios Synesios Church in North Cyprus, which continued to be used by the Greek Cypriot minority following the island division in 1974. Although their way of life has been compromised, they have embraced forced change through using the church to maintain their ritual and religious practices; by doing so, they negotiate their values towards their heritage. In this case, the study shows that the conditions of authenticity are difficult to meet, given the means through which heritage management can be manipulated. Accordingly, the article aims to contribute to general discussions on the vagueness and enigmatic conditions of authenticity in areas of conflict. Different buildings in areas of conflict around the world suffer because of the political nature of heritage management, which makes the criteria of authenticity unviable.
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Arai, Tatsushi. "Conflict Intervention Training as Strategic Convening: Lessons From Syria." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 14, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619862770.
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This article develops a framework of training design to intervene in active armed conflict. A case study of Syria presents a context of the inquiry. The concept of strategic convening is introduced to describe the kind of purposefully organised activities that bring conflict parties together from across lines of division. Strategic convening develops a safe, humanising social space that helps foster enabling conditions for conflict management and resolution. Building on a first-hand experience of conducting three workshops between 2014 and 2015 for Syrian humanitarian professionals, this study explores how to use training as a means to develop constructive human interaction when training offers a rare opportunity and incentive for people from different community and regional backgrounds to come together. This study builds on an action research project in which the researcher as a trainer interacted closely with training participants and identified patterns of their thinking about conflict management, coexistence, and reconciliation across multiple training sessions. Key findings include the critical roles of pragmatic conflict management skills as well as the skills for orchestrating coexistence amongst adversaries in an effort to secure access to humanitarian aid and development resources.
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Orhero, Abraham Ejogba. "CONFLICTS AND CRISES IN NIGERIA: MANAGEMENT AND RESOLUTION FOR PEACE BUILDING." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3127.
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Conflicts and crises do not imply peace rather they are anti-peace. They stand for or symbolize problems in human society. Historically, Nigeria profiles the highest statistics of violent conflicts in Africa. These conflicts range from land disputes, resource control, and ethnic cleavages to wars of liberation. Unfortunately, the dilemma confronting Nigeria today is not really the occurrence of conflicts and crises in the real sense, but how to resolve them in such a manner as to prevent the past ones from reoccurring and contain the present ones from escalating or degenerating into full-scale war. Therefore, it is against this backdrop that this paper examines the nitty-gritty of conflicts and crises, their antecedents, and their management and resolution in Nigeria. The paper also presents methods for better management and resolution of conflicts and crises in Nigeria. Finally, the paper concludes that the traditional conflict resolution techniques such as mediation, reconciliation, adjudication, and negotiation as well as cross-examination which were employed by Africans in the past, offer great prospects for peaceful co-existence and harmonious relationships in post-conflict periods than the modern method of litigation settlements in law courts. Thus, the paper recommends among others that the Nigeria government, especially the National Assembly should make and implement policies aimed at addressing the root and trigger causes of conflicts and crises in the country.
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Miller, Leon Monroe. "Negotiating conflict resolution from “the eye of the storm”." International Journal of Conflict Management 28, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2015-0059.
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Purpose This paper aims to explain how peace research has influenced a re-conceptualization of the international relations (IR) notion of security and conflict, the nature of the global arena, how to effectively negotiate conflict resolution and strategies for peacebuilding. The paper argues that – although peace research had contributed to reducing the threat of interstate conflict – IR scholars have failed to recognize the need for a more inclusive theoretical strategy for dealing with the new challenge imposed by intrastate conflict. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses Cyprus as a case to compare the conflict management strategies of the liberal peace agenda and the integrative, multi-level, multi-dimensional approach to peacebuilding that is proposed by peace research. The Cyprus case is also used as an example of how the alternative approach to participatory political communication has moved the Cyprus situation off deadlock and in the direction of more promising outcomes. Findings The research reveals that although the liberal peace agenda (i.e. the state-centric and established diplomatic approach to conflict management) is effective in getting the two sides of the conflict to the negotiating table, it is inadequate in addressing the underlying cause of conflict; thus, in many instances, there is a reoccurrence of conflict and violence. Research limitations/implications The paper is limited in its ability to place peace research within the context of theoretical developments in the field of IR (e.g. this is even more-so true in regard to researching international politics). Although peace research has made enormous contributions in reducing the threat of interstate conflict (e.g. it is acknowledged that peace research contributed to ending the Cold War, thus bringing about new perspectives on how the global arena is defined, the nature of conflict and the role of communicative action in global relations), there has not been a corresponding development in the theory and practice of IR. Practical implications The paper explains how recent developments in communication theory and information communication technology have altered the nature of the global arena and the factors impacting global social movements. Thus, the paper indicates factors that are vital to cross-border interactions, cross-border social movements and alternative approaches to interstate social-political activities that deserve further research. Social implications The research analyzes the contribution to participatory political communication in conflict management, reconciliation and peacebuilding processes. The paper also highlights the role of alternative media as a component of the infrastructure for peace (e.g. in the Cyprus context, it provides a forum in which agents from an otherwise divided community can participate in establishing shared values and common objectives). Originality/value Cyprus represents one of the longest running conflicts and, in addition, one of the longest running peacekeeping missions of the UN. This paper explains how unique features of the peace research approach to peacebuilding contributes to producing more positive results in what has heretofore been a deadlock in the divided community of Cyprus. Thus, this paper provides an indication of how the lessons learned by peace researchers in the Cyprus micro context contribute to addressing macro-level IR challenges (e.g. north-south and east-west challenges that occur because of outlooks in the proverbial other).
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Warren, Danielle E., Marietta Peytcheva, and Joseph P. Gaspar. "When Ethical Tones at the Top Conflict: Adapting Priority Rules to Reconcile Conflicting Tones." Business Ethics Quarterly 25, no. 04 (October 2015): 559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2015.40.
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ABSTRACT:While tone at the top is widely regarded as an important predictor of ethical behavior in organizations, we argue that recent research overlooks the various conflicting ethical tones present in many multi-organizational work settings. Further, we propose that the resolution processes promulgated in many firms and professional associations to reconcile this conflict reinforce the tone at the bottom or a tone at the top of the employee’s organization, and that both of these approaches can conflict with the tone at the top of other important organizations such as professional and regulatory organizations. Here we adapt Integrative Social Contract Theory’s priority rules to propose a multi-tone reconciliation process which prioritizes conflicting ethical tones based upon features of the organization and the effects on society. Using three contextualizations (overbilling, worker safety and client advocacy), we demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-tone reconciliation process over current processes. We conclude with recommendations for future research and implications for practice.
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Titrek, Osman, Muammer Maral, and Deniz Barut Kızılkaya. "Investigating primary school teachers’ perception of conflict management strategies used by principalsÖğretmen görüşlerine göre ilköğretim okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları çatışma yönetimi stratejileri." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 20, 2015): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3504.
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<p>The purpose of this study is to determine which and how often conflict management strategies are used in case of any conflict situations by school principals attending primary schools. This study aims to identify to what extent the school administrators use the strategies of integration, reconciliation, compromise, domination and avoidance when handling conflicts and whether there are differences based on factors including teacher’s gender, marital status, or whether they assume a role in management, or the rank of their position, their age, educational level and seniority. 300 teachers attending primary and middle schools in Kağıthane, Istanbul were administered the “Conflict Management Styles Survey” as part of the research which was conducted using the descriptive survey model. The results of the study showed that the school principles use the integration strategy the most; there is no significant difference in the opinions of teachers based on factors such as gender, marital status, management experience, or educational status; there is a significant difference in the feedback on integration and reconciliation strategies based on the factor of rank of position held; and there is a significant difference in the feedback from teachers about integration, avoidance and reconciliation strategies both based on the factor of age and factor of seniority.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin herhangi bir çatışma durumunda çatışma yönetim stratejilerinden hangilerini ne kadar sıklıkla kullandıklarını, okul yöneticilerinin çatışmaları yönetirken tümleştirme, uzlaşma, ödün verme, hükmetme ve kaçınma stratejilerini ne derece kullandıkları, öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, medeni durum, yöneticilik görevi yapıp yapmadıkları, görev yaptıkları kademe, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, kıdem değişkenlerine göre bir farklılık olup olmadığı belirlenmeye çalışmaktır. Betimsel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada İstanbul ili Kağıthane ilçesindeki ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapan 300 öğretmene “Çatışma Yönetim Stilleri Anketi” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda okul müdürlerinin en çok tümleştirme stratejisini kullandıkları, cinsiyet, medeni durum, yöneticilik tecrübesi, eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre öğretmenler görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı, görev yapılan kademe değişkenine göre tümleştirme ve uzlaşma stratejilerine ilişkin görüşlerde anlamlı farklılığın olduğu, hem yaş değişkenine hem de kıdem değişkenine göre tümleştirme, kaçınma ve uzlaşma stratejilerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri arasında anlamlı farklılığın olduğuna ulaşılmıştır.</p>
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Williams, Marc. "Trade and Environment in the World Trading System: A Decade of Stalemate?" Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638001317146336.
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This article assesses the first decade of the trade-environment debate, and explores the possibilities for reconciliation of competing positions on trade-environment issues. It explores three aspects of the continuing conflict over trade and environment in the World Trade Organization. Rejecting both optimistic and pessimistic accounts of the past and future of the trade-environment debate it argues that important changes have occurred that have transformed the debate. But, despite the normalization of the trade-environment debate around the concept of sustainable development significant points of contention remain among the various participants.
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Alsalloum, Ataa, and Andre Brown. "Towards a Heritage-Led Sustainable Post-Conflict Reconciliation: A Policy-Led Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061686.
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In today’s context, threats to heritage sites posed by armed conflicts are prevalent. This article argues for an urgently needed framework, based on authoritative heritage policy documents, to guide sustainable reconciliation in such circumstances. The methodological approach proposed derives from a content analysis strategy that investigated a selected list of documents. Key extractions are then synthesised to develop useful recommendations for sustainable post-conflict reconciliation in heritage contexts. This conceptual framework also helps to achieve the potential re-nomination of any reconstructed sites which, in turn, provides both additional robust protection of heritage values, and supports sustainable development. This article presents the first part of a broader research study and is intended to communicate the results to a multi-faceted international audience including stakeholders, along with policy and decision makers in the world heritage field. The application of the proposed framework to the world heritage cities of Damascus and Aleppo is the subject of the second part of this research and is presented in a subsequent paper in this special issue of the journal Sustainability.
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Kopp, Kathrin S., and Katja Liebal. "Conflict resolution in socially housed Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)." PeerJ 6 (July 31, 2018): e5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5303.
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BackgroundPeaceful conflict resolution strategies have been identified as effective mechanisms for minimising the potential costs of group life in many gregarious species, especially in primates. The knowledge of conflict-management in orangutans, though, is still extremely limited. Given their semi-solitary lives in the wild, there seems to be barely a need for orangutans to apply conflict management strategies other than avoidance. However, because of the rapid loss of orangutan habitat due to deforestation, opportunities to prevent conflicts by dispersion are shrinking. Additionally, more and more orangutans are brought into rehabilitation centres where they are bound to live in close contact with conspecifics. This raises the questions of whether and how orangutans are able to cope with conflicts, which are inevitably connected with group life.MethodsObservational zoo-studies provide a valuable method to investigate such potential: in zoos, orangutans usually live in permanent groups and face the challenges of group life every day. Therefore, we observed a group of six socially-housed Sumatran orangutans at the Dortmund Zoo, Germany, both in their spacious outdoor enclosure in the summer and in the less spacious indoor enclosure in the winter. During 157.5 h of observation, we collected data on aggressive interactions, third-party interventions and post-conflict affiliations. We applied the post-conflict/matched-control observation (PC/MC) and the time rule method to investigate the occurrence of reconciliation and post-conflict third-party affiliations.ResultsWe recorded a total of 114 aggressive interactions (including conflicts in the context of weaning and of male sexual coercion). As expected, we found an increase of both open conflicts and peaceful conflict resolution under less spacious conditions. In accordance with previous reports, we observed interventions by initially uninvolved individuals. Whereas we found no clear evidence for post-conflict third-party affiliations, we were able to demonstrate the occurrence of reconciliation among orangutans.DiscussionNotwithstanding the small sample size and the explorative character of our study, we found evidence that orangutans possess a potential for prosocial conflict resolution. When living in groups and under conditions in which dispersion is no longer an option, orangutans are capable to flexibly apply strategies of conflict resolution to cease open conflicts and to repair the potential social damage of aggressive interactions. These strategies are similar to those of other great apes.
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Momodu, Jude A., G. I. Matudi, and Abiodun L. Momodu. "Exploring the Dynamics of Identity Based Conflict and the Possibility for its Sustainable Management: A Study of the Persistent Ethno-Religious Conflict in Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria." Ethnic Studies Review 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2013.36.1.105.
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This article explores the dynamics of identity-based conflict and the possibility for its management. The study in particular focuses on the persistent ethno-religious conflicts in the Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The real issues precipitating the persistent ethno-religious conflicts and the costs of the conflicts were clearly brought to the fore. The study proposes a new paradigm for managing social conflicts at the community level through the ‘use of community solutions for community problems’ which will involve the constructive participation of all of the stakeholders in the community. This paper concludes by making a proposal for the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC) and a power sharing arrangement as strategies that could bring about lasting peace between the Jukun Christians/Traditionalist Jukun and the Jukun Muslims/Hausa Muslims who are the warring parties in the persistent ethno-religious conflicts ravaging Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria.
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McCracken, Janet, and Bill Shaw. "Virtue Ethics and Contractarianism: Towards a Reconciliation." Business Ethics Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1995): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857358.
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Abstract:The notion of rationality underlying contemporary business and business ethics, or the “rational actor” model of moral decision-making in business, links a roughly utilitarian notion of the good to a contractarian notion of human agency. The “C-U model” provides inadequate means for explaining how business people do or ought to behave or think about their behavior, because the notion of rationality upon which it relies is far too narrow a picture of business people’s character. An alternative to these assumptions and to the Contractarian-Utilitarian model, is offered in an ethics of virtue. Despite the traditional apparent conflict between these divergent models, the C-U model, if founded in a notion of rationality consistent with Aristotelian ethics, is recognized as a useful instrument in business ethics and business decision-making. Hence, a reconciliation is effected between the C-U model and virtue ethics.
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Licata, Laurent, Olivier Klein, and Raphaël Gély. "Mémoire des conflits, conflits de mémoires: une approche psychosociale et philosophique du rôle de la mémoire collective dans les processus de réconciliation intergroupe." Social Science Information 46, no. 4 (December 2007): 563–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407082593.
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Reconstructing the past is a crucial part of intergroup reconciliation processes because, after a conflict, collective memory undermines a great part of animosity, hatred, and distrust between groups. The di ficulty of managing memories rests on the triple challenge it has to face: allowing the recognition and healing of individual su ferings; preserving social identities of both groups; while allowing them to live together in peace. Hence, an improper management of collective memory could lead to the resurgence of conflict, or even to a cycle of revenge wherein past wounds justify present violence. In this paper, which will draw both from social psychology and from philosophy, we start by delineating the concept of collective memory and its relationships with social identity. Then we identify the processes through which collective memory of past conflicts is likely to impede reconciliation. Finally, we attempt to envision solutions through processes of transmission of memories both within and between social groups.
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A. Maslikov, A., A. N. Ostrovskii, and Ju O.Sulyagina. "Analysis of the Conflict Resolution Technologies Training Impact in the Sphere of Local Self-Government on the Formation of Conflict Resolution Competency." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24496.
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The article is devoted to demonstrating the adaptation of the most effective forms of social interaction associated with the practice of resolving social conflicts. Such forms of conflict resolution were taken by authors from the description of the stable interaction of the Russian community in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. There is a methodology of “Village meeting” (“Sel’skij skhod” in rus.) based on the analysis of the main points focused on the conflict resolution of the Russian community. The main task of the training is to realize the importance of using traditional socio-cultural technologies with a high degree of efficiency. The authors have received an answer to the question of the influence of training in conflict management technologies on the sphere of local self-government with the formation of conflictological competencies in resolving social conflicts based on the traditional Russian practices of self-government and its reconciliation, “Village meeting” (“Sel’skij skhod”). Approbation of results of the methodology allows to detect number of significant qualities, such as solidarity, unity, penitence, collective responsibility, and the ability to adequately assess the various forms of relationships.
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Baysu, Gülseli, Canan Coşkan, and Yasin Duman. "Can identification as Muslim increase support for reconciliation? The case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 64 (May 2018): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.02.002.
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Hayani, Aida, Miftahus Sa'diyah, and Khairul Hadi. "Pesantren Aceh sebagai Wujud Menciptakan Perdamaian." Islamic Insights Journal 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.iij.2020.002.01.05.
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According to the majority religious groups, in truth, always give priority boarding to the authority ta’dzim culture and a religious teacher Tgk, the more their binding normative frame, such as the doctrine of al-Muta’alim Ta’lim book, which does not allow the conflict in it. However, that happens, the social dynamics of schools that still apply the system of management of the potential sources based on a figure of clerics (as a role model at the same time policy makers), is actually very vulnerable to grow a conflict. As is the case in traditional Islamic boarding schools and semi-modern, conflicts occur, especially when the clerics who plays as the founder and owner of boarding dies, or when the pesantren, the founder or the resume, the teachers, caregivers, or also the family become involved in affairs outside of schools, for example, state, politics and others. By using descriptive analysis method with dispute resolution theory, This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological study through field studies. then, the formulation of problem is: How is conflict resolution in boarding using unique methods? The results show that including through intermarriage boarding, istighotsah, haul and akhirussanah. By stage of conflict resolution through the streets silaturrahmi as a process of conflict prevention, bahtsul matsa’il as the emphasis and conflict insulation, Tabayun as the process of setting and managing conflict and reconciliation as the final process of conflict resolution.
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Bogner, Artur, and Dieter Neubert. "Negotiated Peace, Denied Justice? The Case of West Nile (Northern Uganda)." Africa Spectrum 48, no. 3 (December 2013): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800303.
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“Reconciliation” and “justice” are key concepts used by practitioners as well as authors of conflict-management and peacebuilding textbooks. While it is often recognized that there may be contradictions between the implementation of justice and truth-telling, on the one hand, and an end to organized violence, on the other, the ideal of a seamless fusion of these diverse goals is widely upheld by, among other things, reference to the rather utopianconcept of “positive peace” (Galtung). One difficulty arises from the fact that discourses usually focus on (post-)conflict settings that resemble a victory of one conflict party, whereas peace settlements are often negotiated in a context more similar to a military or political stalemate – a more ambiguous and complicated scenario. This essay discusses these problems against the background of an empirical case study of the peace accord between the government and the rebels in the West Nile region in north-western Uganda.
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Seedat, Mohamed. "Psychology and humanism in the democratic South African imagination." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317737943.
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Attentive to a psychology underlying South Africa’s democratic imaginations, I describe how Nelson Mandela’s intervention at a critical moment of conflict management, along with mechanisms such as at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Moral Regeneration Movement, invoked and enacted a humanising ethos. Centred on the ideas of restraint, empathy, emotional proximity, witnessing, and fluid generative subjectivities, the humanising ethos was awakened to support the process of reconciliation, social justice, and the making of inclusive and socially just communities. Inspired by a decolonial attitude, and in part successfully enacted in support of the country’s liberal democratic ideals, the elaboration of this psychology has been limited by ongoing socio-economic disparities and a ruling psychology that naturalises extractive relations.
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Cabrera-Narváez, Andrés, and Fabián Leonardo Quinche-Martín. "Imag(in)ing Colombian post-conflict in corporate sustainability reports." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 12, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 846–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2019-0094.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the use of photos in corporate sustainability reports (CSRs) as a means to gain legitimacy concerning Colombian post-conflict representations. Design/methodology/approach From a critical perspective based on legitimacy theory and political economy theory, and using visual semiotics and critical discourse analysis, this paper examines the use of photographs in sustainability reports as a mechanism to account for corporate actions regarding peace in Colombia. This paper relies on 121 pictures from 30 CSRs. Findings The analysis shows that companies are gaining legitimacy by referring to post-conflict through visual forms. Nonetheless, the structural conditions that caused the Colombian conflict are still present. Sustainability reporting that includes peace action representations becomes a control and subordination mechanism to reproduce existing power relations in the Colombian social order. Indeed, the generation of opportunities for civilians and ex-combatants, victims reparation, security and reconciliation remains unresolved structural issues. Hence, the use of corporate economic resources and their strategic visual representation in reports is just one business way of representing firms as aligned with government initiatives to obtain tax incentives. Research limitations/implications This study is centered on Colombian CSRs for the period 2016-2017; however, 2017 reports by some companies have not yet been published. This study also explored the messages contained in the images that include people. Images that do not depict persons were not examined. Originality/value This study provides evidence on visual representations of corporate peace actions aimed at gaining corporate legitimacy. Furthermore, this research examines a unique scenario that promoted more significant corporate social participation, following the signing of the peace agreements between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército del Pueblo).
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Hocking, Bree T. "Gazed and subdued? Spectacle, spatial order and identity in the contested city." Tourist Studies 16, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797615618124.
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From 2012–2013, Northern Ireland was rocked by loyalist protests over limits placed on flying the British flag at Belfast City Hall. The sometimes-violent manifestations were roundly condemned by officials and business leaders as an assault on ‘Brand Northern Ireland’, a threat to the province’s reputation as a successful model of post-conflict reconciliation and reconstruction. Accordingly, this article revises and updates Goffman’s concept of ‘a veneer of consensus’ to show how new regimes of political repression are inaugurated in the name of ‘tourism’. With the tourist gaze invoked by local officials as both neutral arbiter and economic imperative, the protests are subsequently assessed as a form of power negotiation, whereby symbolic contestation over the right to define the image of place in both physical and virtual spaces assumed an intensely political role.
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Oetomo, Setyo Boedi. "Konflik Penolakan Ritual Doa Leluhur Paguyuban Padma Buana di Pedukuhan Mangir Bantul, Yogyakarta." Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/smart.v6i1.943.
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The people of Yogyakarta are known for their tolerance, where people of different religions can coexist peacefully especially with Javanese traditions. But in Mangir, a village in Bantul, Yogyakarta, in November 12, 2019, there was a case of local residents rejecting the procession of ancestral prayer rituals by the Paguyuban Padma Buana (PPB) who claims to be followers of Javanese Hinduism. This study aimed at disclosing the elements and roots of conflict from the Mangir community's rejection towards Paguyuban Padma Buana. As a case study, it used conflict analysis approach through timeline and factor analysis techniques. The results showed that the open conflict between the two groups has occurred since 2012 with the main issue of syncretic ritual practices of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Kejawen (Javanism) that involve people from various religions. In addition, the Maha Lingga Padma Buana Temple as a place of whorship and rituals has also the license problems. Reconciliation was carried out between residents with the Padma Buana followers in 2015. Unfortunately it was violated by the Paguyuban Padma Buana and became a trigger of conflict back in 2019. The cause of this conflict is multiple factors, all of which are interrelated. However, the root cause of the problem among Mangir people is mostly related to traditional revivalism and the distribution of cultural tourism management authorities. This conflict makes them polarized and vulnerable to interests that can create the village atmosphere worse
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Nwarukweh, Charles O. "ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МОВИ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНФЛІКТАМИ." Humanities journal, no. 4 (February 4, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2019.4.07.
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Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in any human society. Conflicting parties should be given equal opportunity to express their views. Good speaking skills are important in all aspects of our lives, especially in conflict resolution. Peaceful wording means the use of subtle wording and diplomacy to persuade the parties to the conflict to cease hostilities and aggression and to agree on a peaceful settlement of their disputes or misunderstandings. In order to strengthen and strengthen the peaceful atmosphere in a particular society, we need to use and use the language of reconciliation to restore peace in a conflict area. In this regard, mediators and observers are sent to conduct an operational procedure aimed at restoring peace and a peaceful atmosphere.When people communicate or interact in a peaceful language, the negative effects of the conflict are reduced and the positive outcome for the parties increases. A vital aspect of managing social conflicts is that language can turn a potentially devastating aspect of conflict into an opportunity for creativity and productivity. It can change and correct the imbalance caused by conflict; can restore relations between warring parties.Conflict management and resolution largely depend on the language, efficiency, communication and media used to convey messages. Information sharing helps dispel rumors, doubts and suspicions. Effective communication and good language are crucial in managing and managing conflicts. Conflicting parties should be given equal opportunity to express their views. Communication is more than just sharing information. It is about understanding the emotions and intentions underlying the information.
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Farmaki, Anna, and Katerina Antoniou. "Politicising dark tourism sites: evidence from Cyprus." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-08-2016-0041.
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Purpose This paper aims to extend understanding on how the tourist experience at dark heritage sites is directed and consequently influences the narratives of cultural heritage. By discussing the way dark heritage sites are projected by suppliers, the paper anticipates to advance knowledge on the nexus between dark tourism and heritage and to offer insights into the management of dissonant heritage sites. Design/methodology/approach The cases of two opposing national museums in the divided island of Cyprus are presented and discussed in an attempt to illustrate how dissonant heritage interpretation in a post-conflict context is often the product of political direction, commemorating the past and to a great extent influencing the future of a society. Findings National struggle museums represent dark heritage sites, which evoke emotions pertinent to ethnic identity reinforcement. Evidently, the management of such sites is in opposition to peace-building efforts taking place in a post-conflict context. The paper concludes that visitation to dark heritage sites is culturally driven rather than death-related and suggests that efforts consolidate to target specific segments of visitors, if the reconciliation potential of dark tourism is to be unleashed. Originality/value Insofar, minimal attention has been paid on the conditions of the supply of dark heritage sites and the role of suppliers in influencing culture-based issues including collective memory and national identity. This paper addresses this gap in literature and advances understanding on the developmental elements defining dark heritage tourism, by identifying and discussing trajectories between dark tourism and politics.
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Hessler, Danielle Marie, Lawrence Fisher, Diana Naranjo, and Umesh Masharani. "Young adult African American patients with type 2 diabetes: A high risk patient sub-group with few supports for good diabetes management." Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311422120.
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This study examined age differences in support, BMI, and HbA1c among African American patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants were 158 African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Average HbA1c was 1% higher among patients aged 20–49 than patients 60–77, and double the number of younger patients had a BMI ≥35 than older patients. Younger patients reported less trust in their physician and greater disagreement with recommendations. They reported relying less on partners, greater unresolved conflict with partners around diabetes, and less church involvement. The association between age and HbA1c was partially mediated by patients’ trust of their physician.
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Farida, Anik. "PENDIRIAN RUMAH IBADAT PASCA PBM NOMOR 9 DAN 8 TAHUN 2006 DAN KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA (Kasus Pendirian Gereja di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat)." Harmoni 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v16i2.5.
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The establishment of house of worship is one of the crucial issues in the harmony of religious life in Indonesia. Some research have been conducted on the case of the construction of houses of worship, but it use the civic pluralism or human rights perspectives. This paper presents the results of research on the case of the construction of houses of worship, namely the church in Bandung, West Java, with conflict management perspective. This study was designed as a case study, by conducting interviews and observations as well as reviewing documents with conflict management perspectives and regulations on the establishment of houses of worship, by examining the elements of the community involved in the process of building houses of worship and the social mechanisms undertaken. The results of this study indicate that the openness and communication between elements involved in the construction of houses of worship, as well as the process of socialization became an important factor in the establishment of the church, even in places where religious worshipers became ‘minorities.’ Social mechanisms or socialization between elements involved in the construction by itself will strengthen the harmony of religious life.
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Zhao, Xinyuan (Roy), and Richard Ghiselli. "Why do you feel stressed in a “smile factory”?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2014-0385.
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Purpose – This study aims to theoretically construct the role of hospitality job characteristics (HJCs), conceptually identify specific HJCs and empirically examine the relationships of these to work–family conflict and job stress. Hospitality employees work in a “smile factory” – often under stress. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 346 hotel employees in China and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and a series of hierarchical regression analyses (HRA). Findings – The SEM results confirmed the general role of HJCs as a job stressor, and the HRA findings differentiated the specific impacts of the characteristics on work–family conflict and job stress. Research limitations/implications – The survey was cross-sectional and correlational in nature. Furthermore, the results were also from selected hotels, and the respondents do not fully represent all hotel employees. Finally, the measures of hospitality job uniqueness were employees’ subjective agreement on the given statements. Practical implications – The study offers a systematic framework of specific job characteristics in the hospitality context for the reconciliation of previously inconsistent research findings. The findings may also be useful to hospitality managers as they attempt to analyze and understand the specific job characteristics that are the most salient reasons for withdrawal attitudes and behaviors. Originality/value – The present study identified the list of HJCs by summarizing previous studies and examining the roles of HJCs in work attitudes among hospitality employees. These efforts could be helpful both for scholars by constructing a consistent base for future research and for managers by precisely analyzing the specific job attributes.
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LEE, TIEN MING, NAVJOT S. SODHI, and DEWI M. PRAWIRADILAGA. "Determinants of local people's attitude toward conservation and the consequential effects on illegal resource harvesting in the protected areas of Sulawesi (Indonesia)." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 2 (June 2009): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990178.
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SUMMARYThe exploitation of tropical forest resources is a key driver of the current biodiversity crisis, and it is pivotal to understand human attitudes toward conservation and resource harvesting. This paper investigates effects of interactions, perceptions of protected areas (PAs) and sociodemographic variables on conservation attitudes, and the correlates of illegal resource extraction among 660 households from 33 villages bordering eight PAs on Sulawesi (Indonesia). Mixed-effect multiple regression analyses showed that the most important predictors of the support for PAs included the degree of involvement in management, presence/absence of PA-human conflict, perceived sustainability of forest resources and length of residency in Sulawesi. Notably, active participation in community management by transmigrants and the reconciliation of land-rights conflicts for natives may promote favourable conservation attitudes. Ordination and correlation analyses also revealed that the extent of illegal resource harvesting activities, such as hunting and logging, were significantly influenced by a negative conservation attitude and past conflict with PA establishment. Garnering support for PAs through conservation education and resolving land-rights disputes could potentially alleviate illegal resource extraction. The disparity in resource extraction patterns among the villages across all PAs confirms the importance of adopting site-specific conservation strategies that may make PAs across the biologically unique yet critically threatened Indonesian Archipelago more effective.
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Korneeva, Yana Aleksandrovna, Lyudmila Ivanovna Shakhova, and Anna Konstantinovna Sorvanova. "Professional competences of mediators with varying degree of success in conduct of conciliation procedures." Психология и Психотехника, no. 4 (April 2020): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2020.4.34625.
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Mediation has become an increasingly popular reconciliation procedure that allows increasing the psychological security of parties to the conflict in educational and social environment, as well as legal practice. The profession of mediator is highly demanded; however, the questions of professional competence of the specialists and requirements to their personality did not receive due coverage in the scientific literature. The goal of this research consist in development of the model of professional competence and assessment of the level of professional competences of mediators with varying degree of success in conduct of reconciliation procedures. A list of professional competences and their indicators mediators, considering the professional standard – “Specialist in the Field of Mediation (mediator)”. The research involved 42 mediators from Arkhangelsk Region. The following methods were applied: questionnaire (the author developed an original questionnaire for self-assessment of professional competences of the mediator), and psychological testing based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality of Costa and McCrae's in adaptation of M. V. Bodunov and S. D. Biryukov. Statistical processing was carried out via the method of descriptive statistics, correlation and step-type multivariate regression analyses (Pearson's chi-squared test) using the software SPSS 23.00 (license agreement No.Z125-3301-14). The following conclusion was made: the model of professional competences of mediator includes communication skills, conflict management, case study, planning, and self-control. The author developed and tested the questionnaire for self-assessment of professional competences of mediators that can be implemented via 360-degree feedback method. It is established that the successful outcome of reconciliation procedure is affected by such professional competences as self-control and communication skills. Out of the list of professionally important qualities of mediator, the author highlights activity, concreteness, openness, self-restraint, self-discipline, responsibility and sociability as directly related to the success of reconciliation procedures.