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Journal articles on the topic 'Conflictive relations'
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Dang, Jianning, Li Liu, Deyun Ren, and Zibei Gu. "“Groupy” Allies Are More Beneficial While “Groupy” Enemies Are More Harmful." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 8 (September 14, 2017): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617729409.
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Previous research about group perception in terms of warmth and competence focused on the effects of social structural factors but overlooked the role of the fundamental group characteristic (i.e., entitativity or groupiness). Three studies were conducted to examine people’s perception of high/low entitativity groups under various functional relations. In Study 1, we experimentally created the target group (i.e., Group X) and manipulated entitativity and functional relation. In Studies 2 and 3, we chose a real group (i.e., Uyghurs) as the target group and measured cues to entitativity (Study 2) or entitativity itself (Study 3) and interethnic relations. In all studies, participants rated the target group on warmth and competence dimensions. The results suggested that, under cooperative functional relation, the group with higher entitativity was perceived as more competent and warmer, thereby more beneficial. Conversely, when the functional relation was conflictive, the group with higher entitativity was perceived as more competent but colder, and thus more harmful.
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Devès, Maud H. "The ecological war: A reflection on the conflictive dimension of humankind’s relations with its environment." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 99, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): 1391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2018.1489707.
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Villarejo-Carballido, Beatriz, Carme Garcia Yeste, Maria del Mar Ramis, and Laura Ruiz-Eugenio. ""We are achieving this… Eliminating the violence and making us all Friends”. The power of friendships to generate peaceful coexistence in Sant Roc (Badalona)." International Journal of Roma Studies 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2020.5227.
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This article analyses the contribution of friendship between members of different cultures to improving peaceful coexistence in a vulnerable neighbourhood. Specifically, it analyses the personal friendship between Said, a member of the Pakistani community, and Tio Antonio, a member of the Roma community, as a turning point in improving the coexistence in a neighbourhood which had been experiencing conflictive situations and clashes between the residents for years, especially between the Roma and the Pakistani communities. This friendship has played a mediating role and served as an example for other friendships between members of the two communities, leading to the creation of a joined organization. This analysis contributes to the existing literature, where the role of personal friendship in the transformation of conflictive intercultural relations into peaceful, constructive ones has barely been explored.
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Hendler, Bruno. "Sino-Philippine relations as the modern tributary game." Carta Internacional 14, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21530/ci.v14n1.2019.877.
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This article examines the China-Philippines relations in the South China Sea (SCS) from 1997 to 2017. The premise is that the China's interaction with litigating neighbors in the SCS (such as Vietnam and the Philippines) is shaped by strategic, political-economic and symbolic relations analogous to the dynamics of the Imperial China with the nomadic peoples of Central Asia in the so-called "tributary game" (Zhou, 2011). The central hypothesis is that, just as the tributary game lasted for centuries in an asymmetric but relatively stable pattern, the same asymmetrical and stable pattern tends to prevail in the contemporary stage. In this scenario of a de facto Chinese control of many positions in the SCS and the expectation of economic gains by the Philippines, it is more likely that the tributary game shall move away from a conflictive stance and towards the conciliation-submission stance consolidated by the mutual learning process and by the inevitable economic and diplomatic gravitation of Asian countries around China.
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Ruderer, Stephan. "“Change Direction”: Influencing the National Church through the Vatican during the Pinochet Dictatorship in Chile." Religions 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11110595.
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The relations between the Chilean Church and the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990) are often characterized as conflictive. After a short period of accommodation and legitimation, the Chilean episcopate started to confront the dictatorship in the name of the poor and persecuted, but never breaking entirely with the regime. This led to a complicated relationship between the Church and the dictatorship, which tried to legitimize authoritarian rule by reference to Christian values and the defense of “Christian civilization”. Much historiography has examined this relation from the point of view of the Church. When examined from the point of view of the State important nuances appear. Documents from the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Relations and correspondence with the Chilean ambassador to the Vatican, shed new light on efforts by the Chilean state to shape relations with the Church and to change the position of bishops who were critical of the regime. These data help understand better the dynamics of conflict between Church and State in Chile during the dictatorship.
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Mejía Vázquez, Rebeca, Rocío del Carmen Serrano Barquín, and María José Pastor Alfonso. "RIVALIDAD Y SORORIDAD FEMENINA EN EL SECTOR HOTELERO DE TOLUCA, MÉXICO." Cuadernos de Turismo, no. 47 (May 28, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.473981.
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El objetivo de la investigación es analizar las relaciones intragenéricas, principalmente entre el género femenino, en trece hoteles de Toluca, México. Es una investigación de carácter cualitativo, además se realiza a partir de la perspectiva de género y el vínculo entre las dimensiones cultura, cuerpo y poder. En el trabajo se destaca el departamento de ama de llaves, donde la performance que se vive se vincula con las características socioculturalmente establecidas para lo femenino. Además, se observa que la relación entre mujeres puede ser conflictiva y difícil; sin embargo, en ocasiones puede llegarse a relaciones de sororidad. The aim of this research is to analyze intrageneric relations, mainly the female gender relations, in thirteen hotels in Toluca, Mexico. The research is carried out from the gender perspective and the link between the dimensions of culture, body and power. Qualitative method was employed. In the research, the housekeeper area stands out, where the performance that they live is related to the socio cultural characteristics for the female gender. In addition, the results of this research indicate how the relationship between women is, which can become conflictive and difficult; however, sometimes sorority can be reached.
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Barrenechea, Rodrigo, and Eduardo Dargent. "Populists and Technocrats in Latin America: Conflict, Cohabitation, and Cooperation." Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3333.
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The literature frequently presents populists and technocrats as antagonistic. Although undoubtedly there are good historical examples that confirm this tension, in this article we propose that the relations between economic technocrats and populists are less conflictive than usually assumed and cohabitation a more common outcome than expected. We argue that two conditions moderate conflict between populists and economic technocrats, leading not only to their cohabitation but to cooperation between them: the programmatic mandate of populists and the economic context of their rise to power. We analyse the relations of economic experts with nine populist presidents in contemporary Latin America to show this argument’s soundness.
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Monteiro, Fabiano Dias. "Old and new visions of Brazilianness: the vagaries of equality, difference and 'race' in history textbooks." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 12, no. 2 (December 2015): 118–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412015v12n2p118.
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Abstract In this paper I discuss the changes in Brazilian history textbooks brought about by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) during the 1980s, to put greater emphasis on the value of democracy and questions of inequality, including those inequalities related to cultural differences, often in terms of "race". The analysis reveals a major paradigmatic shift from the notions of a nation built on "racial mixture" to one based on the tense and often conflictive relations between distinct racial and ethnic groups.
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Robinson, William I. "Neoliberalism, the Global Elite, and the Guatemalan Transition: A Critical Macrosocial Analysis." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 42, no. 4 (2000): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166343.
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Recent change in Guatemala is part of a complex transition that has continued in Central America since the 1960s. It involves the region’s ongoing, gradual, highly conflictive, and contradictory entrance into the global economy and society. The transnational model of society in the Isthmus is inherently unstable, with contradictions internal to global capitalism. The constraints of the exclusionary socioeconomic system undermine efforts to open up the political system as contemplated in the peace accords. Authentic democratization requires a radical redistribution of wealth and power toward the poor majority; but the accords ratify existing property relations and rule out such a redistribution.
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Shorokhov, Vladimir, Olga Yastrebova, and Ekaterina Pischurnikova. "List of Complaints to Tsar Mikhail Fjodorovich by Shah Safi I, Submitted Verbally by the Persian Ambassador Adzhibek on April 13, 1635." Manuscripta Orientalia. International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research 26, no. 2 (December 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1238-5018-2020-26-2-32-36.
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The manuscript given below is uncommon for the Safawid corpus of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA). It is a list of instructions for verbal enunciation given by Safi I to his ambassador Hajji Inji who deliver the text at an audience with Mikhail Fjodorovich, held on April 13, 1635. The text brought up four particular issues that had been upholding conflictive environment in the Russian-Qizilbash relations to the moment of negotiations. The points raised were increasing Cossacks invasions, extradition of fugitives, return of the traders' property lost during shipwreck and detaining of the Shahs paper packs.
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Rai, Subash P., Aaron T. Wolf, and Nayan Sharma. "Hydropolitics and hydropolitical dynamics between India and Nepal: an event-based study." Water Policy 19, no. 5 (May 20, 2017): 791–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.063.
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India and Nepal not only share common borders and cultures, but also share precious freshwater sources, i.e., rivers. Rivers have been discussed often in the political corridors because they cross international borders, which transform water reserves into a competitive resource and lead to hydropolitical dynamics between riparian countries. Nepal and India are two of the major riparian nations that share the mighty and complex Ganges Basin. The objective here was to study the more-than-a-century-old hydro-diplomacy between India and Nepal, passing through tumultuous political scenarios to understand how water relations have been shaped and reshaped with time. For this, a database of historical individual events/actions of water cooperation and conflict from 1874 to 2014 was compiled. These events/actions were ranked by intensity, using precise definitions of conflict and cooperation as suggested by the Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database under the Basins at Risk project formulated at Oregon State University. Statistical analyses indicated cooperative events greatly outnumbered conflictive events. Out of 351 events, only 4% were conflictive, 92% were cooperative, and the remaining 4% were neutral. The study revealed an abundance of cooperative events; however, when seen through the lens of conflict-cooperation levels, the findings indicated a moderately positive cooperation, without much concrete action.
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JUNGBLUT, BERNADETTE M. E., and RICHARD J. STOLL. "The Liberal Peace and Conflictive Interactions: The Onset of Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1950-78." Journal of Peace Research 39, no. 5 (September 2002): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039005002.
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Baud, Michiel. "Race and nation in the Dominican Republic." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 76, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2002): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002539.
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[First paragraph]Coloring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic. DAVID HOWARD. Oxford: Signal; Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001. x + 227 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic. ERNESTO SAGAS. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xii + 161 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95, Paper US$ 24.95)Peasants and Religion: A Socioeconomic Study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic. JAN LUNDIUS & MATS LUNDAHL. London: Routledge, 2000. xxvi + 774 pp. (Cloth US$ 135.00)The social and political relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, and especially their racial and ethnic contents, are extremely difficult to approach in an even- handed and unbiased way. Much ink has been spilled over the conflictive relations between these two countries, and on race relations in the Dominican Republic. Much of what has been said must be considered unfounded or biased, not to mention sensationalist. The books under review try to pro vide new insights into the issue and at the same time to steer clear of these problems.
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Maher, Rajiv, Francisco Valenzuela, and Steffen Böhm. "The Enduring State: An analysis of governance-making in three mining conflicts." Organization Studies 40, no. 8 (June 11, 2019): 1169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840619847724.
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This article investigates the profound ambiguity of the state in the organization of contemporary business–society relations. On the one hand, there has been a decisive shift from government to governance, encouraging private actors, such as corporations, communities and NGOs, to address social and environmental concerns themselves, i.e. without the state’s involvement. On the other hand, however, the continued importance and relevance of the organized state is difficult to ignore. In this article we examine the role of the state in three cases of mining conflicts in Chile, one of the world’s most important mining countries. Through longitudinal, qualitative research of conflictive mining governance relations between state organizations, large corporations and local communities, we show that the modes of influence conducted by the Chilean state oscillate between direct, central steering (‘cathedral’) and indirect, dispersed vouching (‘bazaar’). Elaborating on Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we offer a hybrid theory of state organization, where the dematerialization of the state’s responsibility is seen not as the norm but rather as a particular mode of governance that sits alongside the underestimated, yet enduring, material involvement of the state.
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Yubero, Claudia, and Pascal Chevalier. "The Illusion of Proximity in Territorial Construction. An Approach to Tourism Development Via Social Networks in Sierra De Albarracín (Spain)." European Countryside 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0025.
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Abstract Tourism development has been a particularly intense area of negotiation in the Spanish countryside since the 1990s because of its major role in public policies for the economic restructuring, the regionalisation of policy instruments and its own intersectoral nature. This leads us to examine how the coordination takes place within the actors engaged in the tourist development of Sierra de Albarracín. This research adopts an inductive approach to the social relations that underlie the construction of a tourism project territory. From the meeting between the methodology of the social network analysis and the analytical framework of the School of Proximity, the procedure presented here helps to understand the logics of territorial construction. Cooperation appears more fictitious than the policy instruments of governance envisage. Questioning both cooperative and conflictive proximities offers new clues for the evaluation of public policy instruments.
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Lücking, Mirjam. "Travelling with the Idea of Taking Sides." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 175, no. 2-3 (July 12, 2019): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17502020.
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Abstract Israel and Indonesia share no diplomatic relations, and considering Indonesia’s cordial bonds with the Palestinian Authority, Indonesian society is deemed to be critical of Israel. However, the ways in which Indonesians relate to ‘Others’ in Israel and Palestine are not monolithic. Indonesian perspectives on the Middle East are far more nuanced, as might be assumed from the largest Muslim society in the world, and the idea of ‘taking sides’ is challenged by encounters on the ground and by inter- and intra-religious rivalries. Contemporary pilgrimage tourism from Indonesia to Israel and the Palestinian Territories shows how Christian and Muslim Indonesians engage in conflictive identity politics through contrasting images of Israeli and Palestinian Others. Indonesian pilgrims’ viewpoints on these Others and on the Israel–Palestine conflict mirror the politicization and marketization of religious affiliation. This reveals peculiarities of the local engagement with global politics and the impact of travelling, which can inspire both the manifestation of enemy images and the blurring of identity markers.
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Pita Pico, Roger. "Vecindades conflictivas y relaciones interétnicas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada durante el periodo de dominio hispánico / Conflictive neighborhoods and inter-ethnic relations in the New Kingdom of Granada during the period of Hispanic rule." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 6, no. 28 (June 20, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v6i28.779.
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El artículo examina las invasiones de ganados pertenecientes a blancos y mestizos y su afectación en los sembradíos que tenían los indígenas al interior de los resguardos del nororiente del Nuevo Reino de Granada en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Era esta una expresión de las complejas relaciones interétnicas entretejidas en torno a aquellos territorios ocupados por los nativos y una prueba fehaciente de la porosidad de las fronteras entre estos espacios y el mundo externo caracterizado por una alta densidad de población libre. Amparados por la política proteccionista diseñada por la Corona, los indígenas afectados no dudaron en hacer valer sus derechos y en acudir a los recursos legales para exigir las debidas indemnizaciones y, de manera extraordinaria, se les autorizó para que tomaran las represalias del caso a través de la posibilidad de incautar y disponer de los semovientes intrusos. En otros casos, fue posible también observar algunas iniciativas de acuerdos formales entre las partes.
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Fernandez, Mauricio Lascurain, and Luiz Fernando Villafuerte Valdés. "Multinationals And The Bargaining Dynamic Among Least Developed Countries." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2018): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2018.v7n1.01.p7.
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Most of the twentieth century, relations among multinational companies and the governments of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) were seen as conflictive, mainly in the extractive sector, as the former were considered as highly exploitative. However, this vision has evolved by two essential factors: a) the acceleration of the process of economic globalization in the last 30 years and b) certain advantages LCDs have promoted to foster economic growth at the moment Multinationals Companies (MNCs) are installed in their territories. The major concern of national governments in the LDCs is that some MNCs have greater influence and negotiation power than governments themselves because of the infrastructure deficiencies and competitive advantages, placing them in an unfavorable position at the time to negotiate with MNCs. This paper tries to identify the bargaining dynamic among multinationals and LDC governments, and the effects on the latter ones.
Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Bargaining strategies, Economic globalization, least development countries, Theoretical approaches.
Number of classification: JEL: F23, F51, F02, O10, B49
Recebido em: abril/2017.
Aprobado em: maio/2017.
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López, Emiliano, and Francisco Vértiz. "Extractivism, Transnational Capital, and Subaltern Struggles in Latin America." Latin American Perspectives 42, no. 5 (November 5, 2014): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x14549538.
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Development projects at the national level in Latin American countries are linked with the needs of global transnational extractive-rentier capital accumulation. The concept of unequal geographic development is useful for understanding the articulation between the strategies of transnational capital in the extraction of minerals, hydrocarbons, and agri-foods and the national-scale development projects expressed in the political and economic configurations of the states of the region. This articulation must be approached in terms of the conflictive relations between dominant and subaltern actors and the way in which they are expressed in the structure of the state. Analysis of three concrete cases of subaltern struggles against the strategies of extractive-rentier transnational capital (Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina) reveal the limits and possibilities of transcending local-level disputes to produce a development project that is an alternative to extractivism on the national and continental levels. Los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional de los países de América Latina están vinculados con las necesidades de la acumulación global del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista. El concepto de desarrollos geográficos desiguales ayuda a comprender la articulación existente entre las estrategias del capital transnacional que se ubica en la extracción de minerales, hidrocarburos y agro-alimentos y los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional que se expresan en las configuraciones políticas y económicas de los estados de la región. Dicha articulación entre escalas debe abordarse a partir de las relaciones conflictivas entre actores dominantes y subalternos y la forma concreta en que estas relaciones se expresan en la estructura estatal. Un análisis de tres casos concretos de luchas subalternas de oposición a las estrategias del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista (Perú, Ecuador y Argentina) revela los límites y las posibilidades de traspasar las disputas en el plano local para posicionar un proyecto de desarrollo alternativo al extractivismo en escala nacional y continental.
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Saalfeld, Thomas. "Coalition Governance Under Chancellor Merkel's Grand Coalition: A Comparison of the Cabinets Merkel I and Merkel II." German Politics and Society 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280305.
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A comparison of the 2005-2009 cabinet Merkel I (the “Grand“ Coalition) and the Christian Democrat-Liberal coalition cabinet Merkel II formed in 2009 presents an interesting puzzle. Political commentators and coalition theorists alike would have expected the CDU/CSU-SPD coalition to experience a relatively high, and the CDU/CSU-FDP coalition a relatively low level of overt inter-party conflict. In reality, however, relations in the CDU/CSU-FDP coalition were relatively conflictive, whereas the Grand Coalition seemed to manage conflict between reluctant partners successfully. This article seeks to explain these seemingly paradoxical differences between the two coalitions. It demonstrates that both the positioning of the coalition parties in the policy space and important institutions constraining coalition bargaining after the formation of the cabinet Merkel II (portfolio allocation, role of the CDU/CSU state minister presidents) disadvantaged the FDP in pursuing its key policy goals (especially tax reform). As a result, the Liberals resorted to “noisy“ tactics in the public sphere. The grand coalition, by contrast, was an alliance of co-equals, which facilitated a more consensual management of inter-party conflict.
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Addis, Caren. "Emerging Forms of Industrial Governance: Promoting Cooperation between Small and Large Firms in Brazil." Competition & Change 2, no. 1 (March 1997): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452949700200103.
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This article analyzes the emergence and diffusion of industrial governance arrangements in Brazil that promote cooperation among small and large firms that previously had conflictive relations. The core of the arrangements were quadripartite: Large firms implicitly promised small suppliers rewards for increased productivity; small firms, working in groups, collectively set goals and discussed their experiences to spur on each other; consulting firms devised restructuring programs and played the role of facilitator in the groups; the quasi-government agency subsidized the costs of consultants. Contrary to the assumptions of producer-driven commodity chains literature (Gereffi), the principal actors were local and not in the headquarters of multinational corporations. Unlike the predictions of the transactions-cost literature (Williamson), opportunism was mitigated even though there were no new contractual safeguards. Despite instability in macroeconomic indicators, policy making, and production, which meant that the payoffs from cooperation were uncertain (game theory), firms and other institutions managed to devise new governance arrangements. Although the concept of bootstrapping (Sable) captures the dynamics of groups of small firms, it needs to be amended to take into account the variety and flexibility of mediators. The success of these arrangements has important implications for the future of Brazil's corporatist groups and its economic survival.
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Hincapié, Sandra, and Alberto J. Olvera Rivera. "Capacidades estatales en órdenes mixtos." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 11 (July 10, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i11.2557.
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Se analiza el uso del concepto de capacidades estatales en la literatura politológica contemporánea, destacando las limitaciones intrínsecas a ese concepto para dar cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno estatal. Se hace notar el carácter sectorial y funcional de las mediciones convencionales de las capacidades estatales y su incapacidad para explicar las prácticas reales del Estado, y por tanto, del carácter sesgado de las mediciones comparativas hoy en boga, disponibles en múltiples índices internacionales. Se propone el concepto de “ordenes estatales mixtos”, inspirado en la vertiente institucionalista de North, para analizar las relaciones sociales complejas, conflictivas y multinivel, con expresiones propias y diferenciadas en el tiempo y en el espacio, que constituyen la trama profunda del Estado.Palabras clave: Capacidades estatales, Estatalidad, Estado, Órdenes estatales, Sociología política State capacities in mixed ordersAbstractThe use in contemporary political science of the concept of state capacities is analyzed, highlighting the intrinsic limitations of that concept to account for the complexity of the state phenomenon. We stress the sectoral and functional character of the conventional measurements of state capacities and their inability to explain the real practices of the State, and therefore, the biased nature of the comparative measurements now in vogue, available in multiple international indices. The concept of "mixed state orders" is proposed, inspired in North’s institutionalist perspective, to analyze complex, conflictive and multilevel social relations, with their own and differentiated expressions in time and space, which constitute the deep structure of the State.Keywords: State capacities, Stateness, State, State orders, Political sociologyCapacités de l’État en ordres mixtesRésuméOn analyse l’utilisation du concept de capacités de l’État dans la littérature politologique contemporaine, en mettant l’accent sur les limitations intrinsèques à ce concept pour rendre compte de la complexité du phénomène de l’État. On attire l’attention sur le caractère sectoriel et fonctionnel des méditions conventionnelles des capacités de l’État et leur incapacités pour expliquer les pratiques réelles de l’État, et par conséquent, du caractère biaisé des méditions comparatives aujourd’hui en vogue, disponibles en multiples indices internationaux. On propose le concept d’« ordres d’État mixtes », inspiré du point de vue institutionnaliste de North, pour analyser les relations sociales complexes, conflictuelles et multiniveau, avec des expressions propres et différenciées dans le temps et dans l’espace, qui constituent la trame profonde de l’État.Mots clés: Capacités de l’État, Estatalidad, État, Ordres d’État, Sociologie politique
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CHUNG, SOONDOOL, and YUNKYUNG JUNG. "Age norms for older adults among Koreans: perceptions and influencing factors." Ageing and Society 34, no. 8 (April 3, 2013): 1335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000111.
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ABSTRACTDespite rapid social change that has influenced the social status of older adults, expectations about their behaviour and whether such expectations differ across generations remain unexplored in Korea. Based on ageing theories of activity, disengagement and modernisation, this study investigated age norms among Koreans conceptualised as shared expectations of appropriate behaviours of older adults. Competing perspectives in intergenerational relations and prejudice toward older adults were examined to test if they influenced age norms and if such associations varied across different age groups. Data were analysed from a survey of 1,445 individuals aged 20 and above who resided in 16 administrative districts of Korea. Comparisons of age norms across age groups indicated that the older adult group (age 65+) held more restrictive attitudes about social participation and engagement in various behaviours in old age than the middle-aged adults (ages 45–64) and younger adults (ages 20–44). Respondents with more prejudice towards older adults tended to place more restrictions on the behaviour of older adults. A significant interaction indicated that respondents whose views were in line with a generational conflictive perspective, assessed as reporting more competitive perspectives between young and old people and being less supportive of intergenerational programmes, had a more restrictive view about older adults' behaviours among the middle-aged group but less restrictive attitudes in determining acceptable behaviour in later life among the older adult group.
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HELLMANN, GUNTHER, and BENJAMIN HERBORTH. "Fishing in the mild West: democratic peace and militarised interstate disputes in the transatlantic community." Review of International Studies 34, no. 3 (July 2008): 481–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210508008139.
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AbstractAccording to many of its proponents, the proposition that democracies do not fight each other is ‘as close as anything we have to an empirical law’. However, there have been several incidents among solidified liberal democracies where force was threatened or even used. Since these inter-democratic militarised interstate disputes (MIDs) almost always took place in the context of fisheries disputes, we examine two of these conflicts in detail: the cod wars between Iceland and Britain between the 1950s and the 1970s and the turbot war between Canada and Spain. We ask why these fisheries conflicts became militarised in the first place but did not escalate further. In both cases it was actually the presumed impossibility of a more violent escalation which led the parties to use force in the first place. Moreover, the (limited) use of force was almost always accompanied by the efforts of the parties involved to achieve some formalisation of international rules in the context of expanding regimes. Having demonstrated how some of the more prominent causal mechanisms stipulated by democratic peace theorists fail to convincingly account of these cases, we refrain from concluding that any of this falsifies the democratic peace proposition. However, in conclusion we do call into question the premises of the falsificationist methodology underlying much of the democratic peace debate on both theoretical and metholdological grounds. Reframing the democratic peace proposition in terms of a large-scale process of descuritisation, we contend, allows us to understand better how democratic interstate interaction remains inherently conflictive and possibly still subject to process of resecuritisation.
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Valero Juan, Eva Mª. "La fraternidad hispano-americana a debate: el diálogo cultural del 98 / Hispanic-American Brotherhood: Cultural Dialogue of 1898." Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., no. 9 (August 31, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/kam.9.9565.
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Resumen: Si uno de los objetivos de los estudios transatlánticos se ha fijado en el análisis de las conflictivas relaciones entre España y Latinoamérica tras la Independencia, precisamente es el período finisecular el momento clave en el que ese conflicto evoluciona hacia un nuevo diálogo cultural que, sin dejar de ser problemático y con muchos matices, significa una inédita reciprocidad y un nuevo renacer cultural e identitario a ambos lados del Atlántico. Teniendo en cuenta –como apuntan Francisco Fernández de Alba y Pedro Pérez del Solar– que “los cruces transatlánticos representan parte fundamental de los momentos fundacionales y míticos tanto de España como de las repúblicas americanas” (2006: 102), el 98 significa ese momento en el que “nuevas rutas, nuevos canjes, nuevos viajeros” (2006: 102) generan un riquísimo y por ello complejo diálogo en el que la reciprocidad de la influencia se comenzó a construir como un renovado puente de comunicación que, sin embargo, tendría sus grietas, esenciales todas ellas para profundizar en voces con frecuencia olvidadas, y en otras sin embargo muy conocidas. Palabras clave: diálogo cultural 1898, estudios transatlánticos, España, América Latina.Abstract: If one of the objectives of the transatlantic studies has been fixed in the analysis of the conflictive relations between Spain and Latin America after Independence, it is precisely the finisecular period the key moment in which that conflict evolves towards a new cultural dialogue that, without leaving of being problematic and with many nuances, means an unprecedented reciprocity and a new cultural and identity rebirth on both sides of the Atlantic. Bearing in mind, as Francisco Fernández de Alba and Pedro Pérez del Solar point out, that “transatlantic crosses represent a fundamental part of the foundational and mythical moments of both Spain and the American republics” (2006: 102). 98 means a time when “new routes, new exchanges, new travelers” (2006: 102) generate a rich and therefore complex dialogue in which the reciprocity of influence began to be built as a renewed bridge of communication that, However, it would have its cracks, essential all to deepen in frequently forgotten voices, and in others nevertheless very well-known.Key words: Cultural dialogue 1898, transatlantic studies, Spain, Latin America.
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Nunes, Iran de Maria Leitão, and Maria Natália Pereira Ramos. "INTERGERACIONALIDADE E DOCÊNCIA: algumas reflexões." Cadernos de Pesquisa 23 (January 22, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v.23n.especial/p.67-76.
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A integeracionalidade está presente no âmbito dos espaços sistemáticos e assistemáticos de educação, notadamente nas relações entre discentes e docentes. Entretanto, no presente artigo, voltamo-nos para seu reconhecimento nas relações entre docentes em suas diferentes fases do ciclo de vida profissional. Partimos da compreensão do termo geração para relacionarmos a intergeracionalidade às modalidades de transmissão de saberes, em coexistência pacífica ou conflituosa, na construção identitária profissional dos/as docentes. Ancoramos-nos nas produções de Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), (Freire (1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) e Ramos (2014). Reconhecê-la em nosso cotidiano no exercício da docência, requer desconstruirmos verdades estanques e padronizantes para nos abrirmos ao que Paulo Freire nos provocou ao longo de suas obras e de sua vida: ao diálogo, a assumimos uma postura dialógica junto aos nossos pares em tempos de vida pessoal e profissional diferentes e diversos.Palavras-chave: Integeracionalidade. Docência. Ciclo de vida profissional. Coeducação. INTERGERATIONALITY AND TEACHING: some reflections Abstract: Internationality is present within the scope of systematic and unsystematic spaces of education, especially in the relations between students and teachers. However, in this article, we turn to its recognition in the relations between teachers in their different phases of the professional life cycle. However, in this article, we turn to its recognition in the relations between teachers in their different phases of the professional life cycle. We start from the understanding of the term generation to relate intergenerationality to the modalities of knowledge transmission, in peaceful or conflictive coexistence, in the professional identity construction of teachers. We anchored in the productions of Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), Freire (1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) and Ramos (2014). Recognizing it in our daily practice of teaching requires the deconstruction of watertight and standardizing truths in order to open ourselves to what Paulo Freire has provoked us throughout his works and his life: to dialogue, we take a dialogical stance with our peers in times of different and diverse personal and professional life.Keywords: Integergenerality. Teaching. Professional life cycle. Coeducation. INTERGENERACIONALIDAD Y ENSEÑANZA: algunas reflexionesResumen: El integeracionalidade está presente en el contexto de las áreas sistemáticos y no sistemáticos de educación, especialmente en la relación entre los estudiantes y profesores. Sin embargo, en este artículo, nos dirigimos a su reconocimiento en las relaciones entre los profesores de las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida de los negocios. Partimos de la comprensión del término generación de relacionarse con los modos de transmisión del conocimiento entre generaciones, en la coexistencia pacífica o conflictiva construcción, identidad profesional de los / las maestros. En anclado en las producciones de Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), Freire (1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) y Ramos (2014). Reconocerla en nuestra vida diaria en la profesión docente requiere deconstruir verdades estancas y padronizantes a abrirnos a lo que Paulo Freire en traído a lo largo de sus obras y su vida, al diálogo, a asumir un enfoque dialógico con nuestros pares en el tiempo la vida personal y profesional diferente y diversa.Palabras clave: Integeracionalidade. Enseñanza. Ciclo de Vida Profesional. Coeducación.
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Ganishina, Irina, Galina Aksenova, and Polina Aksenova. "PERSONALITY FEATURES OF CONVICTS WITH ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 25, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3209.
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In the recent years the significant increase in number of convicts with addictive behavior is observed in correctional establishments of the Russian Federation. Addictive behavior is often caused by anomalies of the identity of convicts and is expressed in escape from reality by change of their mental state by means of use of narcotic and psychotropic substances, alcohol, game addiction, sexual addictions that is followed by intensive emotions development. Nowadays the modern society requires that correctional establishments of the penal system of Russia should become social clinics which are carrying out psychosocial rehabilitation of convicts with addictive behavior. The purpose of this research is studying psychological features of convicts with addictive behavior. The methods and techniques of the research are observation, conversation, analysis of personal records, expert poll, psycho-diagnostic testing (the test of addictive indicators of MGAA, K. Leonhard – H. Shmishek's test, L.N. Sobchik's technique "The individual and typological questionnaire", the LSI test of Kellerman-Plutchik-Konte), methods of mathematical statistics. It is defined that convicts with addictive behavior are conflictive, quick-tempered, insincere, show high levels on the scale of addictive indicators, have high indicators of exaltation, demonstrativeness and excitability. They have dominating conflict emotional states which are followed by high introversion and psychological protection as denial, rationalization, cognitive mapping. Such personal profile of convicts with addictive behavior testifies to the aggressive manner of self-affirmation contrary to the interests of people around, the increased suspiciousness and vigilance in the relations, high proneness to conflict. We consider that psychological features of convicts with addictive behavior are the indicator of success of their psychosocial rehabilitation.
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Harder, Peter. "National identity: Conceptual models, discourses and political change." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 1, no. 1 (August 5, 2014): 22–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.1.1.02har.
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Cognitive Linguistics has demonstrated the applicability of a conceptual approach to the understanding of political issues, cf. Lakoff (2008) and many others. From a different perspective, critical discourse analysis has approached political concepts with a focus on issues involving potentially divisive features such as race, class, gender and ethnic identity. Although discourses are not identical to conceptual models, conceptual models are typically manifested in discourse, and discourses are typically reflections of conceptualizations, a theme explored e.g. in Hart and Lukes (2007). As argued in Harder (2010), however, both the analytic stance of critical discourse analysis (based on the hermeneutics of suspicion), and the cognitivist stance of Lakoff (2008) are too narrow: The understanding of political language requires a wider framework of social cognitive linguistics. Essential features of such a framework are a basis in collaborative intersubjectivity and the inclusion of causal factors in the social domain that impinge on conceptualization. This enables politically salient conceptualizations to be understood in the light of different types of input to conceptualization, rather than solely in terms of conceptual models or discourses. This is especially important in cases that involve conflictive political issues such as national and ethnic identity. The article reports on a historical project with a linguistic dimension in my department (PI Stuart Ward, cf. Ward 2004), which aims to throw light on the interplay between conceptual, geopolitical and social factors in shaping the ongoing change in the role and nature of ‘Britishness’. A key question for this article is: What are relations between conceptual models and macro-social, causal factors in shaping the intersubjective status of Britishness?
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Zou, Ping, Annisa Siu, Xiyi Wang, Jing Shao, Sunny G. Hallowell, Lihua Lydia Yang, and Hui Zhang. "Influencing Factors of Depression among Adolescent Asians in North America: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050537.
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Background: Asian American adolescents experience rates of depression comparable to or greater than those of other ethnic minorities. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize psychosocial factors related to depressive symptoms of Asian American adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19. Methods: Various electronic databases were systematically searched to identify research articles published from 2000 to 2021, and the psychosocial factors influencing depression among Asian adolescents in North America were examined. Results: A total of 81 studies were included in this systematic review. Consistent findings on relationships between depressive symptoms and influencing factors included (a) acculturative stress, (b) religious or spiritual significance for females, (c) parent–child cohesion, (d) harsh parenting style, (e) responsive parenting style, (f) racial or ethnic discrimination, (g) being bullied, (h) positive mentor presence, and (i) exposure to community violence. Collectively, the majority of included studies suggest that depressive symptoms were more likely found among Asian American adolescents who (a) are older, (b) are female, (c) have immigrant status, (d) exhibit coping behaviours, (e) face academic challenges, (f) face a poor socioeconomic situation, (g) perceive parent–child conflict, (h) perceive maternal disconnectedness, and (i) perceive negative peer relations. A number of conflictive findings also existed. Discussion/Conclusions: This systematic review provides a summary of the various psychosocial factors on individual, familial, and social levels, which influenced the depressive symptoms of Asian American adolescents. Such findings offer a starting point to examine what factors should be necessarily included in related depression-preventive intervention design and evaluation. Culturally sensitive care, strengthened family–school–community collaboration, and targeted research efforts are needed to meet the needs of Asian adolescents experiencing a range of depressive symptoms.
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Campuzano, Enrique Pérez. "Periferia urbana e incentivos económicos para la conservación ambiental." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010205.
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This article offers an empirical reading of urban peripheries as complex spaces between urban, rural, and environmental planning. Peripheries have become conflictive, particularly in developing countries, as objects of interest by different actors (landholders, political parties, administrators), which complicates management and planning. The planning of peripheries should include the active participation of landholders. The author analyzes two options for their inclusion: the first is economic remuneration of landowners in order to avoid changes in land use, particularly in areas with high ecosystem value; second, the author underlines the importance of policy evaluation. The article presents the initial results of a research project on members of a cooperative (ejidatarios) and evaluates the application of the FOCOMDES program in the southern urban periphery of Mexico City.Spanish Este artículo ofrece una lectura empírica sobre las periferias urbanas como espacios complejos entre la planificación urbana, rural, y ambiental. Particularmente en países en desarrollo, las periferias se han vuelto conflictivas en tanto objeto de interés de diversos actores (poseedores del suelo, partidos políticos, administradores), lo que complica aún más su proceso de gestión y planificación. La planificación periférica también debe incluir la participación activa de los poseedores del suelo. El autor analiza dos opciones de inclusión: la primera es la retribución económica a los propietarios para evitar el cambio del uso del suelo, particularmente en las zonas con alto valor ecosistémico; en segunda instancia, el autor subraya la importancia de la evaluación de dichas políticas. En esta parte se presentan los resultados iniciales de una investigación de campo en una comunidad de ejidatarios que evalúan la aplicación del programa Fondos Comunitarios para el Desarrollo Rural Equitativo y Sustentable (FOCOMDES) en periferia urbana del sur de la Ciudad de México.French Cet article offre une lecture empirique des périphéries urbaines comme espaces complexes entre la planification urbaine, rurale et écologique. En particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, les périphéries sont devenues une source de conflit, constituant l'objet d'intérêt d'acteurs différents (les propriétaires fonciers, les partis politiques, les administrateurs). Cela complique encore davantage la gestion et la planification. La planification de périphéries devrait également inclure la participation active des propriétaires fonciers. L'auteur analyse deux options pour leur inclusion ; la première est la rémunération économique de propriétaires fonciers pour éviter des changements dans l'usage des terrains, notamment dans les zones avec une haute valeur d'écosystème. Dans la seconde option proposée, l'auteur souligne l'importance de l'évaluation de ces politiques. Ce e partie présente les premiers résultats d'un projet de recherche sur les membres d'une « ejido ». Ils évaluent l'application du programme FOCOMDES dans la périphérie sud de la Ville de Mexico.
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Chiappini, María Cecilia, Kris Scheerlinck, and Yves Schoonjans. "Power practices around infrastructures in Glòries, Barcelona." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-03-2019-0058.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate ways of practicing political power in public space in the interaction between central and marginal users in Glòries, an area under transformation in Barcelona. Originally conceived as the core of its extension, Glòries is now a battle field where conflictive spatial-social manifestations are strongly linked to pending conditions and partially implemented infrastructural projects. The key actors are in large majority illegal migrants, which activities and spatial strategies are particularly uncomfortable for city administrators; challenging the traditional focus on actors that are stable and institutionalized, included and previewed by the tools for urban projects implementation. Design/methodology/approach To achieve insights on urban spatial articulations of appropriations by marginal actors around infrastructures, the method deployed is to look closely at the interplays between persecuted and persecutors and their ways of practicing power in space in the frame of the illegal street markets in Glòries. This is part of an ongoing PhD research on the complexity of involved processes. The research is executed in diverse work packages: mapping of material transformations (morphology, domain, accessibility and permeability), in diverse timeframes; surrounding functions and temporal fixities, appropriations catalysts; media presences and discussions; crossed references with immersive field work and exchange with locals. Findings A broad variety of illegal street markets have been monitored in Glòries, revealing an increase in scale, frequency and levels of tension. Around them, their dynamic properties can be extracted and measured: spatial configurations, sizes, timeframes, number of traders/visitors, the relation to other elements, the strategies of displaying, displacing and dispersing used by the police. In all, the relationship with the infrastructural elements shows crucial and a better understanding of their relations constitutes a path to understand how both infrastructures and collective behavior contribute to dynamic productive and power logics in space. Originality/value This research and case study are an outstanding framework to explore the concrete spatial interactions and interplays of different power or territorialization processes, i.e. the strategies to denote presence and agency – in novel ways. Focusing on their spatial outcomes in contemporary transformation processes where infrastructures are dominant components is a way to inform the design, practice and implementation of city project and management.
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Sedran Caropresi, Paula María. "Prácticas de transgresión en la policía en un período de institución conflictiva. Santa Fe (Argentina), 1864-1881." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 6, no. 12 (July 1, 2014): 303–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v6n12.42199.
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El proceso de institucionalización de la policía santafesina, en Argentina, tuvo lugar en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX e implicó tensiones de distinta índole ya que ésta policía fue un factor clave en la resolución de los problemas comprendidos en la nueva agenda social. Este artículo analiza tres documentos administrativos de la policía que reportan casos de inconducta, amotinamiento y ebriedad protagonizados por agentes, cabos, sargentos y un primer oficial. Estas fuentes permiten indagar en los actos de la tropa y, por tanto, hacer visibles las tensiones entre sus prácticas y el comportamiento que las autoridades consideraban deseable. También, plantean preguntas importantes acerca de las motivaciones y representaciones que estas acciones implicaron. Nuestro marco teórico es la historia social, que pone de relieve a las relaciones sociales específicas y nos permite centrarnos en las luchas concretas de sentido. Utilizamos el concepto transgresión, que propone una mirada alternativa sobre qué acciones pueden considerarse contenciosas o contrarias al orden social, en función de su visibilidad y efectos disruptivos. Nuestro objetivo es contribuir al conocimiento de la institucionalización de un orden social moderno en Santa Fe, mediante el análisis de cómo la policía en formación afrontó transgresiones concretas hechas por integrantes de la tropa. Police 'Transgression' Practices during a Period of Conflictive Institutionalizacion.Santa Fe (Argentina), 1864 -1881Abstract The process of institutionalization of the Police in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, took place throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. It implied the existence of tensions of different kind for the police functioned as a key factor to the resolution of problems comprised in the new social agenda. This paper analyses three administrative police documents that report cases of rioting, drunkenness and misconduct committed by agents, corporals, sergeants and a first official. These documents provide the opportunity to inquire in the acts of police troops and thus, make visible the tensions between these practices and the behavior that the authorities expected. They also raise important questions concerning the motivations and representations implied in the analyzed actions. Social history constitutes our theoretical perspective, for it studies specific social relations and allows us to focus on particular struggles of sense. We refer to the concept of 'transgression', which proposes an alternative take on what actions can be considered contentious or contrary to social order, depending on their visibility and their disruptive effects. Our goal is to contribute to knowledge about the institutionalization of a modern social order in Santa Fe, through the analysis of how the police dealt with transgressions committed by its troops. Keywords: police, social order, transgression, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Nakhaei, Zeinab, Ali Ahmadi, Arash Sharifi, and Kambiz Badie. "Conflict resolution using relation classification: High-level data fusion in data integration." Computer Science and Information Systems 18, no. 3 (2021): 1101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis200131014n.
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The aim of conflict resolution in data integration systems is to identify the true values from among different and conflicting claims about a single entity provided by different data sources. Most data fusion methods for resolving conflicts between entities are based on two estimated parameters: the truthfulness of data and the trustworthiness of sources. The relations between entities are however an additional source of information that can be used in conflict resolution. In this article, we seek to bridge the gap between two important broad areas, relation estimation and truth discovery, and to demonstrate that there is a natural synergistic relationship between machine learning and data fusion. Specifically, we use relational machine learning methods to estimate the relations between entities, and then use these relations to estimate the true value using some fusion functions. An evaluation of the results shows that our proposed approach outperforms existing conflict resolution techniques, especially where there are few reliable sources.
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Losoncz, Alpar. "Two conflicting interpretations of social philosophy." Filozofija i drustvo 25, no. 2 (2014): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1402056l.
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In this paper I present two philosophers, namely Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre, but from the perspective of social philosophy. I emphasize that social philosophy proves to be a rarity today, and this explains the necessity of articulation of the achievements of these philosophers. In particular, I analyze the relationship between the articulation of intersubjectivity and social philosophy and on the basis of these relations I present the differences and conflicts between the aforementioned philosophers. Merleau-Ponty?s philosophy is explained from the perspective of unbroken intersubjectivity; the philosophy of Sartre is presented on the basis of the relation between 56 transcendental subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The article follows the genealogical approach, that is, it highlights the dynamics of the thinking of these thinkers in order to show the displacements. Finally, I develop the thesis that the late Sartre, who remained within the frames of Marx?s approach, actually reinterprets the early indications to be found in Merleau-Ponty concerning social philosophy. Consequently, late Sartre is still an important reference point in terms of the critical philosophy of society.
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Kobayashi, Keiichi. "Relational Processing of Conflicting Arguments." Comprehensive Psychology 5 (June 2016): 216522281665780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165222816657801.
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Nunes, Iran de Maria Leitão, and Maria Natália Pereira Ramos. "INTERGERACIONALIDADE E DOCÊNCIA: algumas reflexões." Cadernos de Pesquisa 23 (January 26, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v.23n.especial/p57-66.
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A integeracionalidade está presente no âmbito dos espaços formais e informais de educação, notadamente nas relações entre discentes e docentes. Entretanto, no presente artigo, voltamo-nos para seu reconhecimento nas relações entre docentes em suas diferentes fases do ciclo de vida profissional. Partimos da compreensão do termo geração para relacionarmos a intergeracionalidade às modalidades de transmissão de saberes, em coexistência pacífica ou conflituosa, na construção identitária profissional dos/as docentes. Ancoramos-nos nas produções de Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988, 1991), Saez Carrerras (2002), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), Freire (1983, 1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) e Ramos (2005, 2012, 2013). Reconhecê-la em nosso cotidiano no exercício da docência, requer desconstruirmos verdades estanques e padronizantes para nos abrirmos ao que Paulo Freire nos provocou ao longo de suas obras e de sua vida: à abertura à diversidade e alteridade, à mudança, ao diálogo, a assumimos uma postura dialógica junto aos nossos pares em tempos de vida pessoal e profissional diferentes e diversos.Palavras-chave: Integeracionalidade - Docência - Ciclo de vida profissional - CoeducaçãoINTERGERATIONALITY AND TEACHING: some reflectionsAbstract: Intergenerationality is present within the scope of systematic and unsystematic educational spaces., especially in relations between students and teachers. However, in this article, we turn to its recognition of relationsbetween teachers in different phases of their professional life cycle. We start by understanding the term generation to relate intergenerationality to the styles of knowledge transmission, in peaceful or conflictive coexistence, in professional identity construction of teachers. Our base is in the productions of Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), Freire (1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) and Ramos (2014). Recognizing it in our daily teaching practice requires deconstruction of watertight and staunch truths in order to open ourselves up to what Paulo Freire has provoked throughout his works and his life: to dialogue, take a dialogical stance with our peers at differentl and diverse times in personal and professional liveslife.Keywords: Intergenerationality. Teaching. Professional life cycle. Coeducation. INTERGENERACIONALIDAD Y DOCENCIA: algunas reflexionesResumen: La integeracionalidad está presente en el ámbito de las áreas sistemáticas y no sistemáticas de educación, especialmente en las relaciones entre los estudiantes y profesores. Sin embargo, en este artículo, nos dirigimos a su reconocimiento en las relaciones entre los profesores de las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida profesional. Partimos de la comprensión del término generación para relacionar la integeracionalidad a las modalidades transmisión de saberes, en coexistencia pacífica o conflictiva, en la construcción de identidad profesional de los/ las docentes. Nos anclamos en las producciones de Claudine Attias-Donfut (1988), Dumazedier (2002), Ferrigno (2010), Freire (1996), Huberman (2000), Mannheim (1982) y Ramos (2014). Reconocerla en nuestra vida diaria, en la profesión docente, requiere que se deconstruya verdades cerradas y padronizantes para que se abra a lo que Paulo Freire provocó a lo largo de sus obras y su vida: al diálogo, a asumir un enfoque dialógico con nuestros pares en el tiempo la vida personal y profesional diferente y diversa.Palabras clave: Integeracionalidad. Docencia. Ciclo de Vida Profesional. Coeducación.
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Schellhaas, Sebastian, Mario Schmidt, and Gilbert Francis Odhiambo. "Declaring Kinship – Some Remarks on the Indeterminate Relation between Commensality and Kinship in Western Kenya." Sociologus: Volume 70, Issue 2 70, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.2.143.
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Based upon ethnographic fieldwork in Western Kenya, this article re-evaluates the widespread assumption that commensality constructs or, at least, earmarks kin or kin-like relations. In contrast to such generalizations, our ethnographic data suggests that the relation between kinship and social practices such as eating together is culturally not predetermined in Western Kenya. This understanding of the relation between social practices and kinship as indeterminate allows the inhabitants of Kaleko, a small marketplace in Western Kenya, to use different and conflicting strategies of ‘declaring kin’. These conflicting strategies include assertions of biological kinship, refusals to clarify the specific kin-relation and evocations of love and care. Understanding kinship as an effect of strategic practices of individuals and not of cultural norms or social practices has analytical repercussions for an analysis of marriage customs and infertility.
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Yuille, Andy. "Performing legitimacy in neighbourhood planning: Conflicting identities and hybrid governance." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 7-8 (May 21, 2020): 1367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420925823.
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Neighbourhood planning in the UK is a striking example of the international turn to localism and public participation, the statutory weight afforded to it setting it apart from many other initiatives. Its promoters portray it as a straightforward transfer of power from state to community. However, its legitimacy relies upon complex, hybrid forms of representative, participatory and epistemological authority. A growing literature is interrogating the relations between neighbourhood planning groups – the collectives utilising these new powers – and the neighbourhoods for which they speak. This paper brings empirical evidence forward to build on such work by exploring how the identities of neighbourhood planning groups are constituted. Three different and sometimes conflicting relational identities are characterised. Each identity is associated with particular material relations, types of knowledge and ways of representing the neighbourhood, and consequently produces different forms of legitimacy. Analysing identities in this way aids understanding of the practices through which legitimacy is achieved in experiments in democracy that rely on hybrid forms of authority. It may also open possibilities for intervention that speak to some of the concerns raised in the literature about these hybrid forms.
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Carr, D., and D. E. Blackman. "RELATIONS AMONG EQUIVALENCE, NAMING, AND CONFLICTING BASELINE CONTROL." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 75, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2001.75-55.
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Kastner, Scott L. "When Do Conflicting Political Relations Affect International Trade?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 4 (August 2007): 664–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002707302804.
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HELLAND, LEIF. "Lobbying with conflicting interests: Norwegian local-central relations." European Journal of Political Research 47, no. 2 (March 2008): 184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2007.00725.x.
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Guessous, Nouzha. "Women’s rights in Muslim societies." Philosophy & Social Criticism 38, no. 4-5 (May 2012): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453712448000.
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Major changes have taken place in Muslim societies in general during the last decades. Traditional family and social organizational structures have come into conflict with the perceptions and needs of development and modern state-building. Moreover, the international context of globalization, as well as changes in intercommunity relations through immigration, have also deeply affected social and cultural mutations by facilitating contact between different cultures and civilizations. Of the dilemmas arising from these changes, those concerning women’s and men’s roles were the most conflictive issues because of different interpretations and evaluations of historical, religious and/or cultural heritages. In the case of Morocco, for over 30 years, women’s and human rights NGOs have acted and advocated to promote women’s rights. The main disputes have concerned the distinction between what is within the requirements of Islam and what is the consequence of traditional social beliefs and practices. This ended nevertheless with the adoption by the Parliament of a new Family Law proclaimed in February 2004. This law was the result of a process of consultation and national debate, which made possible substantial progress in terms of proclaimed values of equality of rights between men and women, with the support of most national political and social leaders. Several lessons can be learned from the Moroccan experience. The crucial role of civil society, the political support of the state at its highest level, the working methodology of the Royal Advisory Commission and the final process for the adoption of the new code were from the most determinant parameters. In light of recent developments in some majority-Muslim countries, the future of women’s rights is a key issue of the so-called Arab spring. Muslim women’s challenges and struggles are not only ideological and legal battles, but they are also social and political struggles for which one of the major conditions is to prevent and prohibit the use of Islam as a political instrument. Muslim societies need to educate people properly and change their traditional representations and patterns of thought. To promote justice, equity and equality in general, as well as to protect women’s economic rights, they need appropriate economic and social policies. Then women can really promote, protect and benefit from the advances of their legal status.
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Santos, Deyse Luciano De Jesus. "Formação de professores, diversidade e religião: componentes curriculares e zonas de conflito." Revista Educação e Emancipação 11, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2358-4319.v11n3p267-290.
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Do ponto de vista da educação, pensar a sociedade do século XXI, nos remete a como a mesma se transformou ao longo dos séculos. Da antiguidade aos dias atuais, universalizações e descentracão dos sujeitos no mundo fruto das relações estabelecidas, sobretudo no campo teológico, nos leva a reflexões acerca de como estaremos num futuro próximo e incerto, reflexo das novas configurações pós-modernas. Assim, o presente trabalho propõe refletirmos o futuro da educação voltada ao reconhecimento da diversidade presente nas instituições de ensino, tomando como base a formação de professores evangélicos e o conflituoso diálogo dos mesmos, com as discussões propostas pelos componentes curriculares voltados ao diálogo no campo das humanidades. Considerando a quebra dos paradigmas modernos e o avanço do campo religioso no Brasil atual, como professores religiosos lidam com uma formação que vise atender as novas formatações da sociedade?Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores Evangélicos. Currículo. Diversidade. Teacher training, diversity and religion: curricular components and conflict zonesABSTRACTFrom the point of view of education, thinking about the society of the 21st century reminds us of how it has changed over the centuries. From the antiquity to the present day universalizations and decentralization of the subjects in the world, fruit of the relations established mainly in the theological field, leads us to reflections about how we will be in the near future and uncertain, reflecting the new postmodern configurations. Thus, the present work proposes to reflect the future of education aimed at recognizing the diversity present in educational institutions, based on the formation of evangelical religious teachers and the conflictive dialogue of them, with the discussions proposed by the curricular components aimed at dialogue in the field of humanities. Considering the breakdown of modern paradigms and the advancement of the religious field in present-day in Brazil, how do religious teachers deal with a formation aimed at attending to the new formations of society?Keywords: Formation of Evangelical Teachers. Curriculum. Diversity. Formación de profesores, diversidad y religión: componentes curriculares y zonas de conflictoRESUMENDesde el punto de vista de la educación, pensar la sociedad del siglo XXI, nos remite a cómo la misma se ha transformado a lo largo de los siglos. De la antigüedad a los días actuales universalizaciones y descentraciones de los sujetos en el mundo, fruto de las relaciones establecidas sobre todo en el campo teológico, nos lleva a reflexiones acerca de cómo estaremos en un futuro próximo e incierto, reflejo de las nuevas configuraciones postmodernas. Así, el presente trabajo propone reflejar el futuro de la educación orientada al reconocimiento de la diversidad presente en las instituciones de enseñanza, tomando como base la formación de profesores religiosos evangélicos y el conflictivo diálogo de los mismos con las discusiones propuestas por los componentes curriculares dirigidos al diálogo en el campo de las humanidades. Considerando la ruptura de los paradigmas modernos y el avance del campo religioso en el Brasil actual, ¿cómo los profesores religiosos se ocupan de una formación que apunta a atender a las nuevas formaciones de la sociedad?Palabras clave: Formación de Profesores Evangélicos. Plan de estudios. Diversidad.
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Han, June-Chiew, Toan Pham, Andrew J. Taberner, Denis S. Loiselle, and Kenneth Tran. "Solving a century-old conundrum underlying cardiac force-length relations." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): H781—H793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00763.2018.
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In the late 19th century, Otto Frank presented a diagram (Frank O. Z Biol 37: 483–526, 1899) showing that cardiac end-systolic pressure-volume relations are dependent on the mode of contraction: one for isovolumic contractions that locate above that for afterloaded ejecting contractions. Conflicting results to Frank’s have been subsequently demonstrated in various species, both within and among preparations, ranging from the whole hearts to single myocytes, showing a single pressure-volume or force-length relation that is independent of the mode of contraction. Numerous explanations for these conflicting results have been proposed but are mutually contradictory and hence unsatisfying. The present study aimed to explore how these conflicting findings can be reconciled. We thus explored the cardiac force-length relation across a wide spectrum of both preloads and afterloads, encompassing the physiological working range. Experiments were performed using isolated ventricular trabeculae at physiological temperature and stimulus frequency. The force-length relation obtained from isometric contractions was indeed located above a family of those obtained from shortening contractions. Low preload conditions rendered the relation contraction mode independent. High afterload conditions also showed a comparable effect. Our exploration allowed us to reveal the loading conditions that can explain the apparent single, contraction mode-independent, force-length relation that is in contrast with that presented by Frank. Resolving this century-old cardiac conundrum highlights the caution that must be taken when using the end-systolic force-length relation to illustrate as well as to understand the concepts of the Frank-Starling law of the heart, “potential energy,” and cardiac contractility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our exploration of the cardiac force-length relation under wide ranges of preload and afterload has allowed us to reconcile conflicting results in the literature regarding its length dependency. We show that the relation is dependent on the mode of contraction but can appear to be otherwise under certain conditions. This finding highlights the need for caution when using the force-length relation to understand key concepts in cardiac physiology.
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Maynard-Zhang, P., and D. Lehmann. "Representing and Aggregating Conflicting Beliefs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 19 (September 1, 2003): 155–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1206.
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We consider the two-fold problem of representing collective beliefs and aggregating these beliefs. We propose a novel representation for collective beliefs that uses modular, transitive relations over possible worlds. They allow us to represent conflicting opinions and they have a clear semantics, thus improving upon the quasi-transitive relations often used in social choice. We then describe a way to construct the belief state of an agent informed by a set of sources of varying degrees of reliability. This construction circumvents Arrow's Impossibility Theorem in a satisfactory manner by accounting for the explicitly encoded conflicts. We give a simple set-theory-based operator for combining the information of multiple agents. We show that this operator satisfies the desirable invariants of idempotence, commutativity, and associativity, and, thus, is well-behaved when iterated, and we describe a computationally effective way of computing the resulting belief state. Finally, we extend our framework to incorporate voting.
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Sindeev, Alexei. "Conflicting Cooperation: U.S. – Swiss Relations during the Cold War." США ܀ Канада: Экономика, политика, культура, no. 7 (2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032120680000019-4.
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Avant, Deborah. "Conflicting Indicators of "Crisis" in American Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 24, no. 3 (April 1998): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9802400303.
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An, Yinan, Sifan Liu, and Hongzhi Wang. "Error Detection in a Large-Scale Lexical Taxonomy." Information 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020097.
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Knowledge base (KB) is an important aspect in artificial intelligence. One significant challenge faced by KB construction is that it contains many noises, which prevent its effective usage. Even though some KB cleansing algorithms have been proposed, they focus on the structure of the knowledge graph and neglect the relation between the concepts, which could be helpful to discover wrong relations in KB. Motived by this, we measure the relation of two concepts by the distance between their corresponding instances and detect errors within the intersection of the conflicting concept sets. For efficient and effective knowledge base cleansing, we first apply a distance-based model to determine the conflicting concept sets using two different methods. Then, we propose and analyze several algorithms on how to detect and repair the errors based on our model, where we use a hash method for an efficient way to calculate distance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approaches could cleanse the knowledge bases efficiently and effectively.
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Archakis, Argiris, and Angeliki Tzanne. "Narrative positioning and the construction of situated identities." Narrative Inquiry 15, no. 2 (December 22, 2005): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.15.2.05arc.
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The present paper is a study of narrative and its relation to the construction of conflicting identities in interaction. The paper is concerned with a group of young Greeks who categorise themselves as members of a particular subculture, but also construct a number of other, often conflicting, identities through the stories they tell in the course of their conversations with two researchers. By focusing on the many narratives these people volunteer to recount to the researchers, the paper aims to delve into narrative positioning and its relation to the plurality of emerging identities in the specific encounters. Particular emphasis is placed on the young people's attempt to delegitimate established figures of power and authority in order to legitimate their own group and present a positive image of themselves. By providing a detailed discussion of identities as constructed in situated discourse, the paper also aims to stress the dynamics of identity construction in context. (Narrative positioning identity construction, Plurality of identities In-group relations, Delegitimation, Category affiliation)
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Silva, Diego Coimbra Barcelos da, Cleide Calgaro, and Ricardo Hermany. "Espaço abstrato e espaço diferencial: a compreensão do direito à cidade em Henri Lefebvre / Abstract and differential spaces: keys to understanding the right to the city in Henti Lefebvre." Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 476–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.43208.
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ResumoO presente trabalho possui o objetivo de fornecer uma visão panorâmica acerca das ancoragens teóricas da noção de direito à cidade, enquanto projeto orientador de uma hipótese virtual e possível, definida como sociedade urbana. Para tanto, através da revisão bibliográfica, recorre-se à reflexão acerca de alguns elementos, cuja análise se mostra fundamental para a delimitação do campo teórico em que o pensamento se constrói, na obra de Henri Lefebvre, especialmente no que concerne às categorias espaço abstrato e espaço diferencial. Conclui-se que a partir do estudo da obra de Lefebvre que o direito a cidade se constitui em um espaço de investigação onde é possível pensar os processos históricos assumidos em diferentes escalas até chegar a atualidade. Deste modo, o direito à cidade é adequado e objetiva fundir os conflitos e os processos urbanos com a produção do conhecimento socioespacial, permitindo a transformação do saber e da realidade da urbe.Palavras-chave: Henri Lefebvre; direito à cidade; sociedade urbana; espaço abstrato; espaço diferencial. AbstractThis article aims to provide a different angle of view about the theoretical anchors of the original notion of the right to the city, in Henri Lefebvre. Therefore, through literature review, of a qualitative-exploratory character, a dialectical reflection about the characteristics of the right to the city project is used, from the perspective of the spatial theory developed by the author at a later point in his work. Within this scope, and for the purposes of this study, the notions of “abstract space” and “differential space” were especially taken as analytical categories. In constant mobilization, these phenomena interact dialectically, and constitute the fundamental antithesis between domination and appropriation of the city, whose scan is promising for a particular understanding of the theoretical field in which the project of the right to the city is built on the work of Lefebvre. This analysis results in the understanding of the right to the city as a claim, which is established in the conflictive dialectic between two socio-spatial segments, present since the modern city: the abstract space, where the reason of State, the law and the capitalist ideology are allied in the project of homogenization of the society, and the differential space, founded on social relations rooted in the forms of using spaces that express ways of life that are resistant to the logic of capital.Keywords: Henri Lefebvre; right to the city; urban society; abstract space; differential space.