Relevant bibliographies by topics / Confluence

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Confluence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Confluence"

1

Imhoff, Kurt S., and Andrew C. Wilcox. "Coarse bedload routing and dispersion through tributary confluences." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2016): 591–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-591-2016.

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Abstract. Sediment routing fundamentally influences channel morphology and the propagation of disturbances such as debris flows. The transport and storage of bedload particles across headwater channel confluences, which may be significant nodes of the channel network in terms of sediment routing, morphology, and habitat, are poorly understood, however. We investigated patterns and processes of sediment routing through headwater confluences by comparing them to published results from lower-gradient confluences and by comparing the dispersive behavior of coarse bedload particles between headwater confluence and non-confluence reaches. We addressed these questions with a field tracer experiment using passive-integrated transponder and radio-frequency identification technology in the East Fork Bitterroot River basin, Montana, USA. Within the confluence zone, tracers tended to be deposited towards scour-hole and channel margins, suggesting narrow, efficient transport corridors that mirror those observed in prior studies, many of which are from finer-grained systems. Coarse particles in some confluence reaches experienced reduced depositional probabilities within the confluence relative to upstream and downstream of the confluence. Analysis of particle transport data suggests that variation in the spatial distribution of coarse-sediment particles may be enhanced by passing through confluences, though further study is needed to evaluate confluence effects on dispersive regimes and sediment routing on broader spatial and temporal scales.
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Bilal, Ahmed, Qiancheng Xie, and Yanyan Zhai. "Flow, Sediment, and Morpho-Dynamics of River Confluence in Tidal and Non-Tidal Environments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080591.

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River confluences are the key features of the drainage basins, as their hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological nature strongly influences the downstream river characteristics. The river reaches near the coastal zones, which also makes them under the influence of tidal currents in addition to their runoff. This causes a bi-directional flow and makes the study of confluences more interesting and complex in these areas. There is a reciprocal adjustment of flow, sediment, and morphology at a confluence, and its behaviors, differ greatly in tidal and non-tidal environments. Existing studies of the river junctions provide a good account of information about the hydrodynamics and bed morphology of the confluent areas, especially the unidirectional ones. The main factors which affect the flow field include the angle of confluence, flow-related ratios (velocity, discharge, and momentum) of the merging streams, and bed discordance. Hydraulically, six notable zones are identified for unidirectional confluences. However, for bi-directional (tidal) junctions, hydrodynamic zones always remain in transition but repeat in a cycle and make four different arrangements of flow features. This study discusses the hydrodynamics, sediment transport, morphological changes, and the factors affecting these processes and reviews the recent research about the confluences for these issues. All of these studies provide insights into the morpho-dynamics in tidal and non-tidal confluent areas.
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St. Pierre Ostrander, Théo, Thomé Kraus, Bruno Mazzorana, et al. "Limited effect of the confluence angle and tributary gradient on Alpine confluence morphodynamics under intense sediment loads." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 5 (2024): 1607–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1607-2024.

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Abstract. Confluences are dynamic morphological nodes that are found in all river networks. In mountain regions, they are influenced by hydraulic and sedimentary processes that occur in steep channels during extreme events in small watersheds. Sediment transport in the tributary channel and aggradation in the confluence can be massive, potentially causing overbank flooding and sedimentation into adjacent settlement areas. Previous works dealing with confluences have mainly focused on lowland regions, and those that have focused on mountain areas have used sediment concentrations and channel gradients that are largely under-representative of mountain river conditions. The presented work contributes to filling this research gap with 45 experiments that use a large-scale physical model. Geometric model parameters, the applied grain size distribution, and the considered discharges represent the conditions at 135 confluences in South Tyrol (Italy) and Tyrol (Austria). The experimental program allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the effects of (i) the confluence angle, (ii) the tributary gradient, (iii) the channel discharges, and (iv) the tributary sediment concentration. In contrast to most research dealing with confluences, results indicate that, in the presence of an intense tributary sediment supply and a small tributary-to-main-channel discharge ratio (0.1), the confluence angle does not have a decisive effect on confluence morphology. Adjustments to the tributary channel gradient yielded the same results. A reoccurring range of depositional geomorphic units was observed in which a deposition cone transitioned to a bank-attached bar. The confluence morphology and tributary channel gradient rapidly adjusted, tending towards an equilibrium state to accommodate both water discharges and the sediment load from the tributary. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the confluence morphology was controlled by the combined channel discharge and the depositional or erosional extent was controlled by the sediment concentration. Applying conclusions drawn from lowland confluence dynamics could misrepresent depositional and erosional patterns and the related flood hazard at mountain river confluences.
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Suryadi, Yadi, Ruth Helena Siregar, Dhemi Harlan, and I. Putu Samskerta. "Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modeling at Lower Citarum and Cibeet River Confluence West Java." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 15, no. 1 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v15i1.727.

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Flooding and changes in riverbed morphology often become issues near river confluences, as observed at the confluence of Citarum Hilir and Cibeet Rivers. This study aims to analyze the cross-sectional capacity and riverbed changes around the confluence of Citarum Hilir and Cibeet Rivers. This study utilizes 1D numerical modeling MIKE 11 with Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modules. The hydrodynamic modeling inputs are river network and cross-sectional profiles. Hydrographs with return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years are used as upstream boundaries, and a discharge curve is used as the downstream boundary of the model. The model is calibrated using water surface elevation measurements taken from September 13-16, 2021. The hydrodynamic modeling results indicate that Citarum Hilir and Cibeet Rivers cannot convey flood discharges with a 2-year return period. The sediment transport modeling results show no significant changes in the riverbed of Citarum Hilir before the confluence, but degradation of approximately 0.38 – 0.46 meters occurs after the confluence. Degradation happens in zones of maximum velocity where flow turbulence and shear stress increase, causing erosion of the Citarum Hilir riverbed. Degradation also occurs near the Cibeet River confluence due to flow acceleration at the outer bend of the river. Flooding and sediment transport are natural factors that can alter the morphology of river confluences, such as the confluence of Citarum Hilir and Cibeet Rivers.Keywords: Citarum river, Cibeet river, river confluence, hydrodinamic modeling, sedimen transport modeling
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Chen, Sihan, Yingjin Li, Zhong Tian, and Qiang Fan. "On Dam-Break Flow Routing in Confluent Channels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224384.

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The flood propagation at a confluence of channels exhibits a unique routing pattern, while there are few studies on the routing of dam-break flow in confluent channels. In this study, we conducted physical experiments and a numerical simulation to investigate the influence of different confluence angles on the routing of a dam-break flood. Experiments were carried out in smooth, transparent, rectangular prismatic channels to study the dam-break flow under four different confluence angles. The flow velocity was measured using an image processing technique, and the surface flow field was effectively captured by synchronously recording the particle motion images. Based on the variation of the water level and flow discharge, as the confluence angle increased, the retardation and abatement effects on the flood increased. Specifically, the flood arrival time was delayed by approximately 0.91% to 21.18%, and the peak flood discharge was reduced by approximately 9.05% to 58.36%. Combined with the surface flow field at the confluence and in the downstream sections, as the confluence angle increased, the impact points at the confluence and in the downstream straight sections moved upward, and the impact range was reduced. Combined with the pressure variation pattern, the routing of dam-break flow in the confluent channels experienced a process of impact-reflection-return-attenuation.
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van Rooijen, Erik, Erik Mosselman, Kees Sloff, and Wim Uijttewaal. "The Effect of Small Density Differences at River Confluences." Water 12, no. 11 (2020): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113084.

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Remarkable 3D flow structures occur at river confluences with small density differences due to differences in sediment concentration or temperature. We explain these by comparing numerical simulations for an idealized confluence with aerial photographs of several river confluences where color differences express the pattern of density differences at the surface. We analyzed numerical simulations of the Rio Negro–Solimões confluence near Manaus, Brazil, in more detail. The numerical model of the idealized confluence showed that the dense water flowed under the light water and the light water over the dense water in a spiraling motion, distorting the interface between the two waters. The horizontal part of this interface moves upwards in downstream direction. Constraining of the spiraling motion in a narrow river downstream of the confluence can cause local up- and downwelling near the banks. A mixing layer can develop when the flow velocities of the two tributaries differ, but strong spiraling motion due to the density differences can suppress this development. The aerial photographs and all numerical simulations showed similar density patterns at the water surface. Even small density differences can have a significant impact and hence need to be considered when analyzing and modeling 3D flow at confluences.
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Đorđević, Dejana. "Numerical study of 3D flow at right-angled confluences with and without upstream planform curvature." Journal of Hydroinformatics 15, no. 4 (2012): 1073–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.150.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the individual and combined effect of upstream planform curvature and difference in bed elevations at the tributary entrance to the confluence on the flow in the confluence hydrodynamics zone. To do this, flow at right-angled confluences with three planforms and four values of bed elevation discordance ratio (ΔzT/hd) is simulated using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model. Three confluence planforms include confluences with the (1) straight tributary canal (SC), (2) right bend (RB) and (3) left bend (LB) in the tributary. Four ΔzT/hd values in the range [0.0, 0.5] include both concordant and discordant beds' confluences. Overall, nine cases with the straight main canal are considered. Special attention is paid to the flow deflection and flow separation zones since the former affects transfer of momentum from the tributary to the main canal and the latter affects transport capacity of the post-confluence channel. Comparison of the results reveals that the influence of RB in the tributary is practically negligible in comparison to the straight canal case. With the increasing difference in bed elevations between the tributary and main canals (ΔzT), the presence of LB strengthens 3D flow and the structure of the recirculation zone is destroyed.
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Wu, Szu-Hsien, Yu-Ting Liao, Chi-Han Huang, Yi-Chou Chen, En-Rung Chiang, and Jung-Pan Wang. "Comparison of the Confluence-Initiated Neurogenic Differentiation Tendency of Adipose-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Biomedicines 9, no. 11 (2021): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111503.

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Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), which tended to neurogenically differentiate spontaneously after achieving high confluence, were observed. Human ADSCs reaching 80% confluence were cultured in DMEM without an inducing factor for 24 h and then maintained in DMEM plus 1% FBS medium for 7 days. The neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic genes of the factor-induced and confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at passages 3 to 5 were determined and compared using RT-qPCR, and the neurogenic differentiation was confirmed using immunofluorescent staining. In vitro tests revealed that the RNA and protein expression of neuronal markers, including class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), and neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), had been enhanced in the confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs. In addition, the expressions of neurotrophins, such as the nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), were also elevated in the confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs. However, the confluent ADSCs did not show a tendency toward spontaneous adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, compared with the confluent ADSCs, the tendency of spontaneous neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of the confluent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was not observed. The results indicated that ADSCs had the potential to spontaneously differentiate into neuron-like cells during the confluent culture period; however, this tendency was not observed in BMSCs.
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Bergeron, Normand, and André G. Roy. "Les effets d’un embâcle sur la morphologie du lit d’une confluence de cours d’eau." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 42, no. 2 (2007): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032725ar.

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RÉSUMÉLa morphologie du lit aux confluences est particulièrement sensible aux changements dans le rapport des débits entre les tributaires. En milieu nordique, les embâcles de glace situés en amont des confluences peuvent modifier les débits des tributaires et ainsi affecter les conditions hydrauliques de la confluence. Au printemps 1986, nous avons observé les effets d'un embâcle sur la morphologie du lit d'une confluence située dans le bassin du ruisseau du Sud, en Estrie, au Québec (45°20'N, 7V20'W). La formation de l'embâcle et sa rupture ont entraîné l'accumulation d'un banc graveleux à l'entrée du tributaire majeur, le surcreusement du tributaire mineur et le déplacement de la zone d'affouillement. Depuis la débâcle, les conditions d'écoulement se sont stabilisées et les sédiments sont graduellement redistribués sur le lit. La confluence tend à retrouver une morphologie semblable à celle qui prévalait avant la crue printanière.
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Cosmo, Roberto Di, and Delia Kesner. "Simulating expansions without expansions." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4, no. 3 (1994): 315–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000505.

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We add extensional equalities for the functional and product types to the typed λ-calculus with, in addition to products and terminal object, sums and bounded recursion (a version of recursion that does not allow recursive calls of infinite length). We provide a confluent and strongly normalizing (thus decidable) rewriting system for the calculus that stays confluent when allowing unbounded recursion. To do this, we turn the extensional equalities into expansion rules, and not into contractions as is done traditionally. We first prove the calculus to be weakly confluent, which is a more complex and interesting task than for the usual λ-calculus. Then we provide an effective mechanism to simulate expansions without expansion rules, so that the strong normalization of the calculus can be derived from that of the underlying, traditional, non-extensional system. These results give us the confluence of the full calculus, but we also show how to deduce confluence directly form our simulation technique without using the weak confluence property.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Confluence"

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Lindberg, Jessica E. "Confluence." restricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04192007-132555/.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Leon Stokesbury, committee chair; Wayne Erickson, Beth Gylys, committee members. Electronic text (57 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 21, 2007.
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Py, Walter. "Confluence en -calcul." Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS017.

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Le -calcul est une extension du -calcul associée a la logique classique. Cette thèse contient : - une collection de résultats généraux sur les systèmes de réduction abstraits (lemmes de hindley-rosen, newman et autres) ; - les preuves de la confluence du -calcul avec ou sans la -réduction ; - des résultats de terminaison, de standardisation et de retardement sur les réduction du -calcul ; - une étude sur la forme normale des -termes ; - l'exhibition de -termes operationnellement-equivalents et non calculatoirement-equivalents, avec comme corollaire un contre-exemple au théorème de Böhm ; - une introduction a un -calcul par valeur confluent et qui préserve le type par réduction.
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Henrio, Ludovic. "Calcul d'objet asynchrone : confluence et déterminisme." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505940.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir un calcul d'objets permettant d'écrire des applications parallèles et distribuées, en particulier dans un cadre à grande échelle, tout en assurant de bonnes propriétés. Le calcul proposé s'intitule ASP : Asynchronous Sequential Processes. Les principales caractéristiques de ce calcul sont : des communications asynchrones, la présence de futurs et une exécution séquentielle dans chacun des processus. Ce calcul exhibe de fortes propriétés de confluence et de déterminisme. Cette thèse a donc aussi pour objectif de prouver de telles propriétés dans un cadre aussi général que possible. ASP est basé sur une répartition des objets en différentes activités disjointes. Une activité est un ensemble d'objets gérés par un unique processus. Les objets actifs sont des objets accessibles par des références globales/distantes. Ils communiquent à travers des appels de méthodes asynchrones avec un mécanisme de futurs. Un futur est une référence globale désignant un résultat qui n'est pas encore calculé. Cette thèse modélise ces différents aspects, leurs principales propriétés et les conséquences de ces mécanismes sur la notion de comportement déterministe des programmes. Le résultat principal consiste en une propriété de confluence et son application à l'identification d'un ensemble de programmes se comportant de façon déterministe. Du point de vue pratique, ASP peut aussi être considéré comme une modélisation de la librairie ProActive. Cette librairie fournit des outils pour développer des applications parallèles et distribuées en Java.
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Henrio, Ludovic. "Asynchronous object calculus : confluence and determinacy." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4047.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir un calcul d'objets permettant d'écrire des applications parallèles et distribuées, en particulier dans un cadre à grande échelle, tout en assurant de bonnes propriétés. Le calcul proposé s'intitule ASP : Asynchronous Sequential Processes. Les principales caractéristiques de ce calcul sont : des communications asynchrones, la présence de futurs et une exécution séquentielle dans chacun des processus. Ce calcul exhibe de fortes propriétés de confluence et de déterminisme. Cette thèse a donc aussi pour objectif de prouver de telles propriétés dans un cadre aussi général que possible. ASP est basé sur une répartition des objets en différentes activités disjointes. Une activité est un ensemble d'objets gérés par un unique processus. Les objets actifs sont des objets accessibles par des références globales/distantes. Ils communiquent à travers des appels de méthodes asynchrones avec un mécanisme de futurs. Un futur est une référence globale désignant un résultat qui n'est pas encore calculé. Cette thèse modélise ces différents aspects, leurs principales propriétés et les conséquences de ces mécanismes sur la notion de comportement déterministe des programmes. Le résultat principal consiste en une propriété de confluence et son application à l'identification d'un ensemble de programmes se comportant de façon déterministe. Du point de vue pratique, ASP peut aussi être considéré comme une modélisation de la librairie ProActive. Cette librairie fournit des outils pour développer des applications parallèles et distribuées en Java<br>The objective of this thesis is to design an object calculus that allows one to write parallel and distributed applications, particularly on wide range networks, while ensuring good properties. This calculus is named ASP : Asynchronous Sequential Processes. The main characteristics of ASP are: asynchronous communications, futures, and a sequential execution within each process. ASP presents strong confluence and determinism properties, proved in a context as general as possible within this thesis. A first design decision is the absence of sharing : objects live in disjoint activities. An activity is a set of objects managed by a unique process and a unique active object. Active objects are accessible through global/distant references. They communicate through asynchronous method calls with futures. A future is a global reference representing a result not yet computed. This thesis models those aspects, their main properties, and the consequences of these mechanisms on the deterministic behavior of programs. The main result consists in a confluence property and its application to the identification of a set of programs behaving deterministically. From a practical point of view, ASP can also be considered as a model of the ProActive library. This library provides tools for developing parallel and distributed applications in Java
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Padilla, Raymond V. "Chicano Pedagogy: Confluence, Knowledge, and Transformation." Mexican American Studies & Research Center, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624841.

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Fadhlaoui, Sahbi. "Héritages holocènes et dynamiques morphologiques du bassin versant de l’oued Massengh et ses confluences avec les oueds Sbiba et el Hathob (Dorsale Tunisienne-Tunisie du centre ouest)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040228.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des paléoenvironnements et des dynamiques morphologiques holocènes dans le bassin versant du Massengh et de ses confluences avec les oueds Sbiba et el Hathob (Tunisie du centre-ouest). Après l’étude du cadre physique de l’évolution des environnements holocènes et actuels, la thèse se concentre dans un premier temps, sur la chronostratigraphie des héritages et des archives sédimentaires. La reconstitution des paléoenvironnements et de la morphogenèse Holocène est tentée, dans un deuxième temps. En dernier lieu, la thèse fait porter l’analyse sur l’évolution morphodynamique actuelle du milieu fluvial à l’échelle de l’espace de confluences<br>This thesis focuses on the study of paleoenvironmental and Holocene morphological dynamics in the watershed Massengh and its confluence with the wadis and Sbiba el Hathob (Tunisia's center-west). After studying the physical part of the evolution of Holocene and current environments, the thesis focusesinitiallyon chronostratigraphy inheritances and sedimentary archives. The reconstruction of paleoenvironmentaland morphogenesis Holocene is attempted, in a second step. To summarize, the thesis studies in depth the currentmorphodynamic evolution of the fluvial environment across the space of confluences
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Hristakiev, Ivaylo. "Confluence analysis for a graph programming language." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20255/.

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GP 2 is a high-level domain-specific language for programming with graphs. Users write a set of graph transformation rules and organise them with imperative-style control constructs to perform a desired computation on an input graph. As rule selection and matching are non-deterministic, there might be different graphs resulting from program execution. Confluence is a property that establishes the global determinism of a computation despite possible local non-determinism. Conventional confluence analysis is done via so-called critical pairs, which are conflicts in minimal context. A key challenge is extending critical pairs to the setting of GP 2. This thesis concerns the development of confluence analysis for GP 2. First, we extend the notion of conflict to GP 2 rules, and prove that non-conflicting rule applications commute. Second, we define symbolic critical pairs and establish their properties, namely that there are only finitely many of them and that they represent all possible conflicts. We give an effective procedure for their construction. Third, we solve the problem of unifying GP 2 list expressions, which arises during the construction of critical pairs, by giving a unification procedure which terminates with a finite and complete set of unifiers (under certain restrictions). Last but not least, we specify a confluence analysis algorithm based on symbolic critical pairs, and show its soundness by proving the Local Confluence Theorem. Several existing programs are analysed for confluence to demonstrate how the analysis handles several GP 2 features at the same time, and to demonstrate the merit of the used techniques.
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Dast, Stéphanie. "Roman et confluence des genres (1827-1840)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040027.

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L'étude de la production romanesque en France entre 1827 et 1840 met en lumière la place prépondérante acquise durant ces années par un genre que la critique contemporaine et les auteurs eux-mêmes ont qualifié d'universel. La période est remarquable en ce que les romans (œuvres secondaires ou chefs-d'œuvre reconnus) semblent alors capables de surpasser et d'absorber tous les autres genres. C'est la Préface de Cromwell qui affirme en 1827 la volonté romantique d'échapper aux limites génériques. Mais, de fait, le programme hugolien se réalisera moins librement dans le drame que dans le genre romanesque, seul capable de rassembler les genres, canoniques ou non. Avec 1840, en revanche, le roman cesse d'être ce laboratoire des genres où toutes les audaces sont permises : d'une part, il retombe dans le cliché avec l'émergence du roman-feuilleton et de la littérature industrielle, d'autre part, il laisse de côté les excentricités génériques, pour s'orienter vers le roman réaliste. Mais le roman hybride de 1830, lui, est multiple, jusque dans sa manière de fondre les genres, qui oscille entre anarchie et discipline. Ainsi, en intégrant l'Histoire et le drame, il gagne en crédibilité et en unité. Mais simultanément, une multiplicité de créations goguenardes parodie les aspirations de cette génération au roman " total " : absorbant, déformant tout ce qu'elles rencontrent, ces œuvres fragmentées renversent et renouvèlent les genres obsolètes, et cherchent même à dépasser leurs propres limites. À force de contester tous les genres, c'est la Littérature qu'elles semblent mettre en question, mais dans un mouvement d'où le romanesque, apparemment mis à mal, sort toujours renforcé. Ces capacités de régénération se retrouvent dans des romans d'apparence inclassables qui, s'aventurant ici du côté des genres dialogués, là vers le poème, cherchent un autre mode d'harmonie entre les genres à l'intérieur du roman, à l'évolution duquel ils contribuent autant que les œuvres ironiques<br>The study of the output of romantic literature in france between 1827 and 1840 highlights the dominant position occupied during these years by a genre which contemporary critics and the authors themselves defined as universal. The period is remakable in that novels (second-rate novels or recognised masterpieces) appear capable of going beyond and indeed absorbing all other genres. In 1827, the "Préface of Cromwell" affirmed the desire of the "romantiques" to break free of genre-imposed limits. However, the Hugolien thesis triumphed less easily in drama than in fiction, which alone was able to merge all genres, traditional or otherwise. However, in 1840, the novel ceased to be such a "laboratory of genres" where anything goes: firstly, it once again resorted to clichés with the emergence of the serialised novel and mass-produced literature and, secondly, it abandoned genre-related excentricities in order to move towards realism in the novel. However, the hybrid novel of 1830, is multi-faceted in the way in which it merges the various genres, which fluctuate between between anarchy and order. Thence, by incorporating history and drama, the novel gains in terms of credibility and overall unity. However, at the same time, a wave of quietly ironic works mocked the aspirations of this generation to create a "total" novel : absorbing and deforming everything in their path, these fragmented works circumvented and renewed obsolete genres and even sought to go beyond their limits. By tacking all the various genres, they appear to be challenging literature itself, but as part of a movement from which the romantic novel, apparently badly shaken, emerges reinvigorated. This regenerative capacity can be found in novels which are apparently unclassifiable, which, for example, veer first towards dialogue-based genres, the towards poetry, seeking another type of harmony between the genres within a novel, towards whose development they contribute just as much as the ironic novels
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Kennedy, Robert A. "Confluence in phonology: Evidence from Micronesian reduplication." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280362.

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This dissertation explores the phonological systems of Micronesian languages, in search of patterns that are consistent throughout the family and others that are unique to subgroups and individual languages. Using data from Pohnpeian, Mokilese, Pingilapese, Puluwat, Chuukese, Woleaian, Marshallese, and Kosraean, the study focuses on reduplicative morphology as an illustrative window into the phonology of each language. Each language is treated with an Optimality-Theoretic analysis, and consequently the phonology of each is attributed to the same set of principles. However, as a whole, the analyses cannot explain the existence of common and unique patterns within the family. A model of language change called Confluence is presented in order to account for typological trends among related languages. The model acknowledges that learners of languages settle on a grammar based on ambient data; thus, the acquired grammar should approximate the grammar that produces the ambient data. However, a number of perceptual and articulatory factors have the result that the set of data that the learner perceives is unlike the set of data that the ambient grammar would predict. As a consequence, the learner's grammar may differ from that of the ambient grammar. Because of the inclusion of perceptual and articulatory biases in the model, Confluence predicts several outcomes. First, a particular pattern might be resistant to change, or the same innovation might be likely to occur independently in different languages, and either way it is an observable property of otherwise divergent languages. Second, two or more co-occurring grammatical traits of a particular language can be shown to have a common source. Each of the predictions of Confluence is supported in the language analyses. Examples of robust patterns include coda consonant restrictions, moraic feet, and bimoraic reduplicative prefixes. Two examples of recurring innovations are the introduction of final vowel deletion and the avoidance of initial geminate consonants in favor of some other structure. Phonological patterns that co-occur in a principled manner include geminate inventories and morpheme alignment, foot structure and final vowel lenition, and a cluster of properties that consists of length contrasts, word maximality, morpheme alignment, and segment inventories.
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Yu, Qingcheng. "Influence of Discharge Ratio and Junction Angle on Sediment Transport and Deposition Patterns in Open Channel Confluences: An Experimental Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38582.

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Open channel confluences are common geographical structures in surface runoff. Most natural rivers originate from mountains and hills, flow into a main stream at confluences and finally head into the sea. Confluences are major sites for a main stream to obtain sediment and water from a tributary. Complex turbulence structures such as vortices, flow stagnation, secondary flow, flow re-circulation and water exchange both in vertical and lateral directions result in complicated sedimentation, erosion, mixing and contaminant transport at open channel confluences. The detailed study of flow dynamics and morphodynamics in confluences is of great significance to the urban flood control, scour of the river bed, design and maintenance of the channel and sediment and pollutants transport. This thesis describes a novel flume experiment on the sediment transport patterns in channel confluences as a function of different flow and geometry conditions. The initial equilibrium bed geometry was developed in a mobile bed confluence flume under four cases including two junction angles and two discharge ratios. The equilibrium bed was fixed for each case allowing for detailed flow velocimetry. The observed spatial patterns of turbulence statistics are evaluated with respect to the equilibrium bathymetry. Sediment were then fed instantaneously to the tributary channel at three different feeding sites in order to study the sediment deposition patterns. It was observed that although the sediment initiated at different feeding sites move along different paths through the confluence, all sediment tend to deposit at the face of the dune in the flow separation zone. This thesis also investigated how the deposition pattern would change versus time when feeding at the same site from the tributary channel. The time history of deposition pattern was also investigated for one of the cases. The sediment that initially deposit at the face of the dune eventually moved to the back of the dune and deposit around the post-confluence scour hole, demonstrating that over time the deposition pattern evolves to a state which is similar with the original bed morphology.
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Books on the topic "Confluence"

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Eckman, Fred R., ed. Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.

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DeFlitch, Samantha. Confluence. Broadstone, 2021.

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Arora, Anshu Saxena, and Sabine Bacouël-Jentjens, eds. Advertising Confluence. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137492265.

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Yake, Bill. Confluence: Poems. Radiolarian Press, 1995.

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McMaster, Meryl. Meryl McMaster: Confluence. Carleton University Art Gallery, 2016.

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Farrar, Karen W. Castlegar: A confluence. Castlegar and District Heritage Society, 2000.

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Martha, Hanna, and Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography., eds. Confluence: Contemporary Canadian photography = Confluence : la photographie canadienne contemporaine. CMCP/MCPC, 2003.

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Martha, Hanna, and Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography., eds. Confluence: Contemporary Canadian photography. Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, 2003.

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Lasisi, Akeem. Confluence: Poems, stories, dialogues. Association of Nigerian Authors, Lagos State Branch, 2005.

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Waltz, William D. Confluence of mysterious origins. Factory Hollow Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Confluence"

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Ölveczky, Peter Csaba. "Confluence." In Designing Reliable Distributed Systems. Springer London, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6687-0_5.

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Ohlebusch, Enno. "Confluence." In Advanced Topics in Term Rewriting. Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3661-8_4.

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Foxall, Gordon R. "Confluence." In The Continuum of Consumer Choice. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262510-13.

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Vallée-Tourangeau, Frédéric. "Confluence." In Systemic Creative Cognition. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003300519-2.

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Skottun, Gro, and Åshild Krüger. "Confluence." In Gestalt Therapy Practice. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153856-16.

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Eckman, Fred R. "Introduction: One Approach to the Interaction of Linguistics, Second-language Acquisition and Speech- language Pathology." In Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.01eck.

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Rutherford, William E. "Linguistics and SLA." In Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.03rut.

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Flynn, Suzanne. "Interactions between L2 Acquisition and Linguistic Theory." In Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.04fly.

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Archibald, John. "Metrical Phonology and the Acquisition of L2 Stress." In Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.05arc.

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Balhorn, Mark. "Phrasal Category Markedness and Second Language Acquisition." In Confluence. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.4.06bal.

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Conference papers on the topic "Confluence"

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Neophytou, Panayiotis, Panos K. Chrysanthis, and Alexandros Labrinidis. "CONFLuEnCE." In the 2011 international conference. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1989323.1989485.

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Kaynak, Cansu, Boris Grot, and Babak Falsafi. "Confluence." In MICRO-48: The 48th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium of Microarchitecture. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2830772.2830785.

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Tang, Jie, Sen Wu, and Jimeng Sun. "Confluence." In KDD' 13: The 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2487691.

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Dong, Qi, Roberto Arias-Yacupoma, Louis Katchen, and Mubbasir Kapadia. "Confluence." In MiG '16: Motion In Games. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994258.2994285.

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Gyllstrom, Karl Anders, Craig Soules, and Alistair Veitch. "Confluence." In the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference. ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1277741.1277874.

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Büyüker, Zehra, Gökçen Bombar, and António Heleno Cardoso. "Effect of Sediment Load on Bed Morphology of a Movable-bed Symmetrical Confluence." In 8th International Students Science Congress. ULUSLARARASI ÖĞRENCİ DERNEKLERİ FEDERASYONU (UDEF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2024.013.

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River confluences are locations where two or more rivers merge and continue to flow as a single stream. At a confluence, hydrodynamics, sediment transport processes, and morpho-dynamics influence and modify each other. The flow structure of the confluence zone interacts with the sediment transport, which results in bed morphology changes. In this study, two experiments were carried out in the large-scale open channel confluence of İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Hydraulics Laboratory, where two symmetrical tributaries forming a right-angle lead to a main channel. While the flow rate from each tributary was equal and 20 l/s for both experiments, the sediment loads were set as 0 kg/min in both tributaries in one experiment and 0.1 kg/min in both tributaries in the other one. The flow depth at the downstream of the confluence was adjusted to be 5.0 cm on top of a 20.0 cm deep sand layer on the bed. The bed topography and the water surface were measured at the end of the experiments (t = 15 h) by using the distance measurement feature of a Vectrino probe and three ULS-40D probes, respectively. The results of the experiment where sand was supplied to the tributaries essentially confirmed the morphological model of mobile bed confluences reported in the literature as applying to asymmetrical confluences (including two tributary mouth bars, two bank-attached bars, one central scour hole and one mid main-channel bar), whereas the clear-water experiment only complied with some results of a limited number of previous equivalent studies.
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TAO, YAN, CHEN LI, and FENG XIAOXIANG. "CONFLUENCE RATIO AND DEPOSIT BAR DISTRIBUTION IN RESERVOIR CONFLUENCE AREA." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1129.

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"[Confluence 2020 Front Matter]." In 2020 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence47617.2020.9058231.

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"[Confluence 2021 Front Matter]." In 2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence51648.2021.9377110.

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Neophytou, Panayiotis, Panos Chrysanthis, and Alexandros Labrinidis. "CONFLuEnCE: Implementation and Application Design." In 7th International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2011.247204.

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Reports on the topic "Confluence"

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Marczak, William R., Peter Alvaro, Neil Conway, Joseph M. Hellerstein, and David Maier. Confluence Analysis for Distributed Programs: A Model-Theoretic Approach. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555874.

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Tuthill, Andrew M., and Anthony C. Mamone. Selection of Confluence Sites with Ice Problems for Structural Solutions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325468.

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Rogers, G. O., B. L. Shumpert, and J. H. Sorensen. Description of interview data regarding Pittsburgh and confluence toxic chemical accidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6034316.

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Schindler, Doris. Intergenerational Programming: A Confluence of Interests Between the Frail Elderly and Urban Youth. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1386.

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Ghanghas, Ankit, Sayan Dey, and Venkatesh Merwade. Development of a Multiple Water Course Joint Probability Analysis Procedure for Indiana Watersheds. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317616.

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The design of hydraulic structures located near a confluence of two streams must take into consideration the flows from both of the streams. A hydraulic structure located on a small tributary that drains into a large river immediately downstream is not just affected by the flow in the tributary, but also by the backwater flow from the downstream river. Currently INDOT uses a tabular summary (Table 1.1 and Table 7.3 in the HEC-22 manual) of joint probabilities of coincident flows in designing hydraulic structures at confluences. However, the source of the table is unknown, and the tabular summary provides coincidental flows for only 1% and 10% probabilities, and thus it cannot be used directly for other probabilities. This study analyzed the interdependence of flows in mainstream and tributary and then developed a Gumbel-Hougard Copula-based procedure for estimating joint probabilities for confluences in Indiana. The study found that the mainstream and tributary streamflow are significantly correlated with Kendall’s Tau varying generally ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. Furthermore, the Kendall’s Tau, which is the key parameter for Gumbel-Hougard Copula, was found to be significantly related to drainage area ratio (DAR). Regression-based equations between DAR and τ are used as a basis to relate DAR to joint probabilities at confluences. The study also found that the currently used tabular summary (Table 1.1 and Table 7.3 in HEC-22 manual) resulted in significantly conservative design estimates and therefore overdesigned structures.
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Pinza, M. R., J. Q. Word, L. F. Lefkovitz, and H. L. Mayhew. Sediment sampling of proposed dredge sites in the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5700296.

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Brooks, G. R. Characteristics of an ice-scoured river bank near Keele River confluence, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/134221.

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Pinza, M. R., J. Q. Word, L. F. Lefkovitz, and H. L. Mayhew. Sediment sampling of proposed dredge sites in the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10124804.

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Slattery, S. R., P. J. Barnett, A. J. M. Pugin, et al. Tunnel-channel complexes in the Zephyr area, Ontario: potential high-yield aquifers. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331410.

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In south-central Ontario, tunnel channels are primary targets for groundwater exploration due to their potential to contain confined, water-bearing, coarse-grained sediment fills. Despite extensive hydrogeologic and geologic exploration within these features, a comprehensive depositional model that illustrates the spatial distribution of coarse- and fine- grained sediment in tunnel-channel complexes is absent. Work in the Zephr area, north of ORM, presents new subsurface data to improve understanding of this geologic setting and to add to geologic models of these channel systems. Findings result from combined geology, sedimentology, geophysics (seismic profiling) and sediment drilling (mud rotary and continuous core) to better our understanding the shallow channel setting north of ORM, including: 1) spatial distribution of coarse- and fine-grained sediments in tunnel-channels; 2) the architecture of tunnel-channel sequences in confluence zones. Preferred aquifer targets aquifer units in the Zephyr area are identified in areas of channel confluence and channel bends. Channel aquifers are confined by 3.9 to 28.5 m thick deposits of rhythmically bedded silt and clay.
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Schall, Lecia. Focus on a STEM, Based in Place, Watershed Curriculum: A confluence of stormwater, humans, knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2349.

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