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Journal articles on the topic 'Confocal laser endomicroscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Smith, Christine, Jeanette Ogilvie, and Laurie McClelland. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastroenterology Nursing 31, no. 5 (September 2008): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sga.0000338281.86154.60.

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&NA;. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastroenterology Nursing 31, no. 5 (September 2008): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sga.0000338282.93777.88.

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De Palma, Giovanni D., Michael B. Wallace, and Marc Giovannini. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/216209.

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Othman, Mohamed O., and Michael B. Wallace. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 45, no. 3 (March 2011): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31820776e6.

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Kiesslich, Ralf, Martin Goetz, Michael Vieth, Peter R. Galle, and Markus F. Neurath. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 15, no. 4 (October 2005): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2005.08.010.

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Kiesslich, Ralf, and Marcia Irene Canto. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2009.02.007.

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Chauhan, Shailendra S., Barham K. Abu Dayyeh, Yasser M. Bhat, Klaus T. Gottlieb, Joo Ha Hwang, Sri Komanduri, Vani Konda, et al. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 80, no. 6 (December 2014): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.06.021.

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Kantsevoy, Sergey V., Douglas G. Adler, Jason D. Conway, David L. Diehl, Francis A. Farraye, Vivek Kaul, Sripathi R. Kethu, et al. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 70, no. 2 (August 2009): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2009.04.002.

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Moussata, D. "The confocal laser endomicroscopy." Acta Endoscopica 39, no. 6 (December 2009): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10190-009-0119-7.

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Solodinina, E. N., N. V. Fomicheva, and D. N. Ulyanov. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct diseases." Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB surgery 24, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2019111-16.

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Aim. To evaluate information content of confocal laser endomicroscopy with targeted biopsy in verifying etiology of extrahepatic bile duct strictures.Material and methods. There were 28 patients with extrahepatic bile duct strictures who underwent retrograde intervention with confocal laser endomicroscopy and targeted biopsy. Data of confocal laser endomicroscopy and biopsy were compared with final postoperative and histological diagnosis. Follow-up within 1–4 years after endoscopic treatment was also considered.Results. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the method in differential diagnosis of common bile duct strictures were 91.7%, 93.7% and 92.8%, respectively. Complication (acute edematous pancreatitis) occurred in 1 (3.6%) case.Conclusion. Confocal laser endomicroscopy is new effective method for in vivo microscopic assessment of mucous membrane. Despite technical complexity, the method is not associated with advanced morbidity and, accordingly, has no additional contraindications in comparison with ERCP.

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Giovannini, Marc. "Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy." Endoscopic Ultrasound 4, no. 4 (2015): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2303-9027.170405.

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Wallace, Michael B., and Paul Fockens. "Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastroenterology 136, no. 5 (May 2009): 1509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.034.

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Martirosyan, Nikolay L., Daniel D. Cavalcanti, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, Peter M. Delaney, Adrienne C. Scheck, Mohammed G. Abdelwahab, Peter Nakaji, Robert F. Spetzler, and Mark C. Preul. "Use of in vivo near-infrared laser confocal endomicroscopy with indocyanine green to detect the boundary of infiltrative tumor." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 6 (December 2011): 1131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.jns11559.

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Object Infiltrative tumor resection is based on regional (macroscopic) imaging identification of tumorous tissue and the attempt to delineate invasive tumor margins in macroscopically normal-appearing tissue, while preserving normal brain tissue. The authors tested miniaturized confocal fiberoptic endomicroscopy by using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system with indocyanine green (ICG) as an in vivo tool to identify infiltrating glioblastoma cells and tumor margins. Methods Thirty mice underwent craniectomy and imaging in vivo 14 days after implantation with GL261-luc cells. A 0.4 mg/kg injection of ICG was administered intravenously. The NIR images of normal brain, obvious tumor, and peritumoral zones were collected using the handheld confocal endomicroscope probe. Histological samples were acquired from matching imaged areas for correlation of tissue images. Results In vivo NIR wavelength confocal endomicroscopy with ICG detects fluorescence of tumor cells. The NIR and ICG macroscopic imaging performed using a surgical microscope correlated generally to tumor and peritumor regions, but NIR confocal endomicroscopy performed using ICG revealed individual tumor cells and satellites within peritumoral tissue; a definitive tumor border; and striking fluorescent microvascular, cellular, and subcellular structures (for example, mitoses, nuclei) in various tumor regions correlating with standard clinical histological features and known tissue architecture. Conclusions Macroscopic fluorescence was effective for gross tumor detection, but NIR confocal endomicroscopy performed using ICG enhanced sensitivity of tumor detection, providing real-time true microscopic histological information precisely related to the site of imaging. This first-time use of such NIR technology to detect cancer suggests that combined macroscopic and microscopic in vivo ICG imaging could allow interactive identification of microscopic tumor cell infiltration into the brain, substantially improving intraoperative decisions.

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Paull, Peter E., Benjamin J. Hyatt, Wahid Wassef, and Andrew H. Fischer. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A Primer for Pathologists." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0264-ra.

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Context.—The advent of new endoscopic optical techniques is likely to change pathologists' role in diagnosis. Objective.—To describe how confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) works, show its advantages and limitations compared to cytohistologic biopsy, and explore how it may affect the practice of pathology. Data Sources.—Literature review. Conclusions.—Confocal laser endomicroscopy is proving its ability to provide histology-like images of tissues in vivo to help avoid risks and costs of conventional biopsies. Confocal imaging restricts light to 1 plane, emulating a paraffin section, and topical or systemic optical contrast agents allow subcellular resolution. New contrast agents could theoretically permit molecular characterization. In vivo imaging has begun to demonstrate novel, dynamic types of diagnostic features. Decreased histologic biopsies can be anticipated for a few scenarios. Significant limitations of CLE include the inability to create a tissue archive for broad molecular classification, suboptimal contrast agents, small fields of view and shallow penetration, paucity of clinical validation studies, and problems with reimbursement. Confocal laser endomicroscopy exposes new opportunities for pathologists: CLE technologies can be exploited in pathology, and diagnostic criteria expanded based on endoscopists' discoveries. Potential synergy exists between CLE and cytology, allowing the low-magnification diagnostic architectural changes by CLE and cytomorphology to emulate the full diagnostic information in a histologic biopsy while providing an archive of material for molecular or immunohistochemical studies. Confocal laser endomicroscopy will decrease some types of biopsies, but offers an opportunity for pathologists to find new ways to provide value and improve patient care.

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DU Li-hui, 杜立辉, 王立强 WANG Li-qiang, 杨天领 YANG Tian-ling, 陆祖康 LU Zu-kang, and 段会龙 DUAN Hui-long. "Miniature Telecentric Confocal Laser Scanning Endomicroscopy." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 12 (2011): 1767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114012.1767.

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16

Paramsothy, Sudarshan, and Rupert W. L. Leong. "Fluorescein contrast in confocal laser endomicroscopy." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 7, no. 7 (July 2010): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.83.

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Ho, Henry C., and Harry R. Aslanian. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of Ampullary Lesions." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 47, no. 5 (2013): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31827b933c.

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Goetz, Martin, Alastair Watson, and Ralf Kiesslich. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal diseases." Journal of Biophotonics 4, no. 7-8 (May 13, 2011): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201100022.

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Neumann, Helmut, Michael Vieth, Bernard Dallemagne, Jacques Marescaux, Haru Inoue, and Silvana Perretta. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Guided Endoscopic Myotomy." Gastroenterology 147, no. 1 (July 2014): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.044.

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Kiesslich, Ralf, Martin Goetz, and Markus F. Neurath. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Gastrointestinal Diseases." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 18, no. 3 (July 2008): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2008.03.002.

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21

De Palma, Giovanni D., Gaetano Luglio, and Dario Esposito. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in breast surgery." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 154, no. 2 (October 24, 2015): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-015-3619-5.

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Smith, Ioana, Pamela E. Kline, Monica Gaidhane, and Michel Kahaleh. "A Review on the Use of Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in the Bile Duct." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/454717.

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Background. Current methods to diagnose malignant biliary strictures are of low sensitivity. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a new approach that can be used to evaluate in vivo histopathology of the GI tract. This paper is of studies evidencing pCLE’s application in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures.Methods. This paper examined peer-reviewed studies conducted between January 2000 and November 2011. A PubMed search for relevant articles was performed using the following keywords:“pCLE”, “confocal”, “endomicroscopy”, “probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy”, “and “bile duct”. Further individual review was done to assess the screened articles’ relevance to the topic.Results. After individual review, 6 studies were included; with a cumulative sample size of 165, with 75 subjects identified as having a malignancy. These studies included tertiary care centers in Germany, France, and USA, including one multicenter trial. 3 studies assessed pCLE’s specificity (range 67%–88%) ,sensitivity (range 83%–98), and accuracy (range 81%–86%).Conclusion. Confocal endomicroscopy is a novel and promising modality for the biliary tree. Further studies need to be conducted both to establish its usefulness for the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures and to understand the histological meaning of the imaging patterns that are observed.

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Just, T., and H. W. Pau. "Intra-operative application of confocal endomicroscopy using a rigid endoscope." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 6 (April 23, 2013): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113000765.

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AbstractObjective:To introduce the application of confocal endomicroscopy during microlaryngoscopy, to enable intra-operative evaluation of human laryngeal epithelium.Methods:A rigid endoscope was connected to the scanner head of a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II confocal laser scanning system via an adapter. The endoscope was gently placed on the surface of a vocal fold through a laryngoscope during microlaryngoscopy.Results:The application of confocal endomicroscopy using a rigid endoscope enabled technical improvements (i.e. improved image quality, automatic volume scan, and reduced tissue pressure due to the presence of a perforation plate with central hole at the end of the endoscope) which permitted greater sensitivity and improved handling. Confocal endomicroscopy provided good quality, in vivo, en-face images and enabled an assessment of laryngeal epithelium volume.Conclusion:This method enables the surgeon to monitor epithelial changes in pre-malignant lesions. The combination of confocal endomicroscopy together with optical coherence tomography (as a complementary technique that provides optical cross-sections) should be further explored in a formal clinicopathological study.

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Sazonov, D. V., Y. V. Ivanov, O. R. Shablovsky, O. V. Danilevskaya, F. G. Zabozlaev, D. P. Lebedev, A. V. Sorokina, and T. S. Safronova. "CASE HYSTORY OF EARLY DIAGNOSTIC OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTWITH CHRONIC PSEUDOTUMOR-LIKE PANCREATITIS USING THE CONFOCAL LASER ENDOMICROSCOPY." Journal of Clinical Practice 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract4336-43.

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It is described the clinical case of a rare disease – cholangiocarcinoma of the common bile duct, which developed in patient with chronic pseudotumor-like pancreatitis. It is reflected the complexity of diagnosis at an early stage of the disease. The method of confocal laser endomicroscopy was for the first time applied for the given pathology for diagnostic purposes that allowed to clarify and verify the diagnosis. The authors suggest that in diseases of the pancreato-biliary zone the method of confocal laser endomicroscopy can be crucial in cases of inefficiency or uninformativeness of other methods.

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Wijmans, Lizzy, and Jouke Annema. "Validation of needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy." Endoscopy 49, no. 03 (March 1, 2017): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-123190.

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Mooney, Michael A., Aqib H. Zehri, Joseph F. Georges, and Peter Nakaji. "Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy in the neurosurgical operating room: a review and discussion of future applications." Neurosurgical Focus 36, no. 2 (February 2014): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.focus13484.

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Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy (LSCE) is an emerging technology for examining brain neoplasms in vivo. While great advances have been made in macroscopic fluorescence in recent years, the ability to perform confocal microscopy in vivo expands the potential of fluorescent tumor labeling, can improve intraoperative tissue diagnosis, and provides real-time guidance for tumor resection intraoperatively. In this review, the authors highlight the technical aspects of confocal endomicroscopy and fluorophores relevant to the neurosurgeon, provide a comprehensive summary of LSCE in animal and human neurosurgical studies to date, and discuss the future directions and potential for LSCE in neurosurgery.

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Tang, Shiyi, Yixiao Guo, Yidian Yang, Yao Li, Yanhong Gao, Chunfu Zhang, and Liqin Xiong. "High resolution tracking of macrophage cells in deep organs and lymphatics using fluorescent polymer dots." RSC Advances 9, no. 19 (2019): 10966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00954j.

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THONG, PATRICIA S. P., K. W. KHO, W. ZHENG, M. HARRIS, K. C. SOO, and M. OLIVO. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LASER CONFOCAL ENDOMICROSCOPE FOR IN VIVO FLUORESCENCE IMAGING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 07, no. 01 (March 2007): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519407002108.

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Malignancies of the oral cavity are conventionally diagnosed by white light endoscopy, biopsy and histopathology. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between benign lesions and premalignant or early lesions. There is a need for a more definitive, non-invasive technique for diagnosis of oral cavity lesions. A laser confocal endomicroscope offers non-invasive surface and subsurface imaging of tissue. We investigated its potential for fluorescence imaging of the oral cavity using hypericin, fluorescein and aminolevulinic acid. Fluorescence imaging was carried out both in vivo and on resected tissue samples of the oral cavity in both humans and animal models. Good structural images of the oral cavity were obtained. Morphological differences between normal and lesion tissue can be distinguished. The use of Pharmasolve® enhanced the subsurface depth from which images can be obtained. Our results show that laser confocal fluorescence endomicroscopy has great potential for the diagnosis of oral cavity malignancies.

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Ussui, Vivian M., and Michael B. Wallace. "Confocal Endomicroscopy of Colorectal Polyps." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/545679.

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Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is one of several novel methods that provide real-time, high-resolution imaging at a micron scale via endoscopes. CLE has the potential to be a disruptive technology in that it can change the current algorithms that depend on biopsy to perform surveillance of high-risk conditions. Furthermore, it allows on-table decision making that has the potential to guide therapy in real time and reduce the need for repeated procedures. CLE and related technologies are often termed “virtual biopsy” as they simulate the images seen in traditional histology. However, the imaging of living tissue allows more than just pragmatic convenience; it also allows imaging of living tissue such as active capillary circulation, cellular death, and vascular and endothelial translocation, thus extending beyond what is capable in traditional biopsy. Immediate potential applications of CLE are to guide biopsy sampling in Barrett's esophagus and inflammatory bowel disease surveillance, evaluation of colorectal polyps, and intraductal imaging of the pancreas and bile duct. Data on these applications is rapidly emerging, and more is needed to clearly demonstrate the optimal applications of CLE. In this paper, we will focus on the role of CLE as applied to colorectal polyps detected during colonoscopy.

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Höhne, Julius, Karl-Michael Schebesch, Saida Zoubaa, Martin Proescholdt, Markus J. Riemenschneider, and Nils Ole Schmidt. "Intraoperative imaging of brain tumors with fluorescein: confocal laser endomicroscopy in neurosurgery. Clinical and user experience." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 1 (January 2021): E19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.11.focus20783.

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OBJECTIVEConfocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an established tool in basic research for tissue imaging at the level of microstructures. Miniaturization and refinement of the technology have made this modality available for operative imaging with a handheld device. Sufficient image contrast is provided by the preoperative application of fluorescein sodium. The authors report their first experiences in a clinical case series using the new confocal laser endomicroscope.METHODSHandling, operative workflow, and visualization of the CLE were critically evaluated in 12 cases of different CNS tumors. Three different imaging positions in relation to the tumor were chosen: the tumor border (I), tumor center (II), and perilesional zone (III). Respective diagnostic sampling with H & E staining and matching intraoperative neuronavigation and microscope images are provided.RESULTSCLE was found to be beneficial in terms of high-quality visualization of fine structures and for displaying hidden anatomical details. The handling of the device was good, and the workflow was easy.CONCLUSIONSHandling ergonomics and image acquisition are intuitive. The endomicroscope allows excellent additional visualization of microstructures in the surgical field with a minimally invasive technique and could improve safety and clinical outcomes. The new confocal laser endomicroscope is an advanced tool with the potential to change intracranial tumor surgery. Imaging of these microstructures is novel, and research with comparative validation with traditional neuropathological assessments is needed.

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Humphris, Jeremy, David Swartz, and Brian J. Egan. "Status of confocal laser endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal disease." Tropical Gastroenterology 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7869/tg.2012.3.

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Que, I., L. Zerrillo, Y. Li, A. B. Chan, and L. J. Cruz. "Fluorescence-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for imaging osteoarthritis." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (April 2018): S468—S469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.884.

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Milewski, Janusz, Krystian Żuk, Maciej Kierzkiewicz, and Grażyna Rydzewska. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy – principles, clinical practice, future trends." Gastroenterology Review 1 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2011.20098.

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Zirlik, Sabine, Kai Hildner, Ralf Joachim Rieker, Michael Vieth, Markus Friedrich Neurath, and Florian Siegfried Fuchs. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Diagnosing Malignant Pleural Effusions." Medical Science Monitor 24 (August 5, 2018): 5437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.909989.

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Charalampaki, Patra, Mehreen Javed, Samira Daali, Hi-Jae Heiroth, Alhadi Igressa, and Friedrich Weber. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Real-time Histomorphological Diagnosis." Neurosurgery 62, CN_suppl_1 (August 1, 2015): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000805.

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Karstensen, John Gásdal, Tatiana Cârţână, Pia Helene Klausen, Hazem Hassan, Carmen Florina Popescu, Adrian Săftoiu, and Peter Vilmann. "Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Needle-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Pancreas 44, no. 5 (July 2015): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpa.0000000000000345.

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Giacomini, Maurizio, Anna Di Meo, Martina Nicodemo, Lara Tramontina, P. Fedele, Maria Tabuso, Stefania Maiero, Mara Fornasarig, Renato Cannizzaro, and Paola Spessotto. "Probe-confocal laser endomicroscopy: implications for nursing care." Gastrointestinal Nursing 12, no. 5 (June 2, 2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2014.12.5.30.

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Nakai, Yousuke, Hiroyuki Isayama, Susumu Shinoura, Takuji Iwashita, Jason B. Samarasena, Kenneth J. Chang, and Kazuhiko Koike. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary diseases." Digestive Endoscopy 26 (August 28, 2013): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/den.12152.

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Nanda, Shreeya. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy enables in vivo VEGF imaging." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 7, no. 10 (October 2010): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.145.

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Fuchs, Florian S., Sabine Zirlik, Kai Hildner, Markus Frieser, Marion Ganslmayer, Stephan Schwarz, Michael Uder, and Markus F. Neurath. "Fluorescein-Aided Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Lung." Respiration 81, no. 1 (2011): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000320365.

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Hoffman, A., M. Goetz, M. Vieth, P. Galle, M. Neurath, and R. Kiesslich. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy: technical status and current indications." Endoscopy 38, no. 12 (December 2006): 1275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-944813.

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Volgger, Veronika, Christian Conderman, and Christian Stephan Betz. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in head and neck cancer." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 21, no. 2 (April 2013): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/moo.0b013e32835df135.

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Fuchs, Florian S., Sabine Zirlik, Kai Hildner, Juergen Schubert, Michael Vieth, and Markus F. Neurath. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy for diagnosing lung cancerin vivo." European Respiratory Journal 41, no. 6 (September 20, 2012): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00062512.

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Xie, X., C. Li, X. Zuo, T. Yu, X. Gu, Z. Li, R. Ji, Q. Wang, and Y. Li. "Differentiation of colonic polyps by confocal laser endomicroscopy." Endoscopy 43, no. 02 (October 29, 2010): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255919.

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Wallace, M., G. Lauwers, Y. Chen, E. Dekker, P. Fockens, P. Sharma, and A. Meining. "Miami classification for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy." Endoscopy 43, no. 10 (August 4, 2011): 882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256632.

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Neumann, Helmut, Ralf Kiesslich, Michael B. Wallace, and Markus F. Neurath. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: Technical Advances and Clinical Applications." Gastroenterology 139, no. 2 (August 2010): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.029.

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Wei, Zhen-Zhen. "Application of confocal laser endomicroscopy in ulcerative colitis." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 23, no. 12 (2015): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v23.i12.1924.

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Watson, Alastair J. M. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and NSAID Enteropathy: Where Next?" Digestive Diseases and Sciences 59, no. 7 (April 5, 2014): 1344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3122-6.

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Mehraban, Navid, Melvin Simien, Jeffrey D. Linder, and Paul R. Tarnasky. "Mo1288 Clinical Utility of Biliary Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 75, no. 4 (April 2012): AB377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.03.994.

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Vasilev, Igor Vladimirovich, Igor Sergeevich Mamenko, Anna Valerievna Makarova, Olga Pavlovna Sokolova, Vladimir Fedorovich Lee, Mahmud Mustafa Mortada, Tatiana Alexandrovna Novickaya, and Piotr Kazimirovich Yablonskii. "Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in COVID-19." Advances in Respiratory Medicine 89, no. 4 (September 3, 2021): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/arm.a2021.0067.

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