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Academic literature on the topic 'Conformation des récepteurs'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conformation des récepteurs"
Prevost, Marie. "Transitions allostériques des récepteurs-canaux pentamériques : identification et exploration fonctionnelle d'une nouvelle conformation localement fermée." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066679.
Full textPentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (pLGICs) are involved in synaptic transmission and modulated by a large number of drugs. Three allosteric states are in equilibrium at the membrane: a basal state, an active state, which is open, and a closed desensitized state observed during prolonged agonist application. Two bacterial homologues of pLIGICs, GLIC and ELIC, whose structure is known, led to a transition model between open (GLIC) and closed (ELIC) conformations. This work had two main goals: 1) capture a closed conformation of GLIC to build a better model and 2) obtain structural data on GLIC when it is at the cell membrane. I combined site-directed mutagenesis, electrophysiology and biochemistry, together with, in collaboration, X-ray crystallography. We stabilized a novel closed conformation of GLIC, different from the ELIC one. This novel conformation, called locally-closed and adopted by six different mutants, exhibits an locally closed ionic pore, and seems to correspond to an intermediate state from basal to active states, according to functional studies. I also expend these findings on the human glycine receptor, showing that GLIC is a valid model for studying allosteric transitions of pLGICs. Finally, a novel pharmacology for GLIC was developed to improve the use of GLIC in biophysical studies, leading to the discovery of a series of antagonist molecules
Ruffin, Hervé. "Influence d'un habillage sur les propriétés de coordination d'hexaphyrines : vers des nouveaux récepteurs moléculaires à conformation et aromaticité modulables." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S086/document.
Full textHexaphyrins are six-pyrrole member macrocycles, which possess several interesting physico-chemical properties, and specially their abilities to exist as two stable oxidation states. They also can coordinate two metallic cations, unfortunately they suffer from a lack of reactivity and from unpredictable behaviors regarding the nuclearity of the complexes. To overcome these problems, we decided to follow a macrocycle post-modification strategy, using the unprecedented peripheral dressing of the hexaphyrin. We tried to explore few functions and started working with carboxylic acid groups on a piquet and then on a strap to extend the preorganization of the coordinated function. This strategy showed good results and instantaneous metalation with four metalics cations, ZnII, CdII, PbII and HgII at room temperature. Meanwhile we studied the behavior in coordination chemistry of novel tren-capped hexaphyrin. Thus we highlight the first diastereoselective synthesis, involving the formation of complexes showing Möbius strip topology. This system was used as proof of concept for the development of potential chiroptical sensors, based on a topology switch after metalation triggered by the analyte
Nehmé, Rony. "Expression et purification du récepteur humain de la voie Hedgehog, Smoothened, dans une conformation native et stable." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4031.
Full textThe Hedgehog pathway is one of the most important pathways in embryogenesis and in proliferation of adult stem cells. This pathway involves two transmembrane receptors, Patched and Smoothened whose dysfunctions have been linked to many human diseases including cancers. This study reports expression and purification of the human GPCR Smoothened, for structure-function relationship characterization. Therefore I developed the heterologous expression of Human Smoothened (hSmo) in the yeast S. Cerevisiae. Using SPR technology, I showed that hSmo, expressed at the plasma membrane of yeast, is in its native conformation able to bind its antagonist, cyclopamine (CPN). Then, I developed the purification of hSmo by affinity chromatography and tested new surfactants. Results show that the new surfactants stabilize hSmo in solution after purification and are preserve antagonist-binding ability of Smo suggesting that purified hSmo maintains its native conformation in solution. In addition, characterization of a single mutation of Smoothened (hSmoG435R) combined to one of the surfactants, revealed an enhanced stability of the receptor. These established conditions will be useful for crystallization assays. SPR strategies developed in this study will also be used for the research of hSmo’s cytoplasmic partners. Together, structural and functional data will contribute to the better understanding of Smo signaling and to the development of new cancer therapies
Colas, Claire. "Exploration des déterminants structuraux caractérisant les interactions des récepteurs nicotiniques et de leurs homologues avec leurs ligands par arrimage et modélisation moléculaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077183.
Full textFor structure calculation, the main source of information from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR experiments is the Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOEs), which provide information about the distance between some protons of the molecule studied. The ARIA software package (for "Ambiguous Restraints for Iterative Assignment") is used to analyse and interpret NMR data, to determine a set of three-dimensional structures consistent with experimental data. ARIA uses the above measures in the form of distance constraints imposed, in silico, on the molecule. To impose these distances, the software used so far the "Soft Square" potential which presents a window of tolerance around the target distance measured experimental in order to take into account the uncertainties on the experimental data. A Recent analysis has shown the NOE errors follow a log-normal distribution, suggesting the use of a new log-harmonic potential. The aim of my thesis has been to show the effectiveness of the log-harmonic potential in improving the quality of structures determined by NMR. The first part of my thesis focuses on studying the behaviour of the potential with some examples of structures well known and whose data have been manually prepared. In second part, the recalculation of 398 NMR structures has demonstrated the overall improvement of the qualit of structures calculated with the log-harmonic potential. Finally, in a third part, the study of two protein allowed identifying the properties of the log-harmonic potential for error detection in structures
Damian, Marjorie. "Mécanisme d'activation au sein d'un dimère de récepteur couplé aux protéine G." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13513.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors are versatile biological sensors that are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as for the sense of sight, smell and taste. Signal transduction is associated with a set of changes in the tertiary structure of the receptor that are recognized by the associated intracellular partners, in particular the G proteins. There is compelling evidence that GPCR can assemble as dimers but the way these assemblies function at the molecular level is still under investigation.We used here the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 as a model to analyze the conformational changes occurring during activation. To this end, we first produced the receptor in E. coli inclusion bodies and subsequently folded it back to its native state in vitro using original membrane mimetics. Using the purified dimeric receptor, we showed that (i) the G protein induces an asymmetric arrangement of the BLT1 homodimer where each of the protomers is in a distinct conformation, and (ii) the G protein is cis-activated, i.e. the protomer that binds the agonist also activates Gα. Finally, we brought evidence that, although the dimer fully activates its G protein partner, the monomer has per se all the molecular determinant for an efficient functioning. All these data are original evidence that sheds light into the way GPCR dimers are activated and in turn modulate G protein-mediated signaling
Cerdan, Adrien. "Exploration de la transmission synaptique et de la régulation des récepteurs ionotropes par simulations de dynamique moléculaire et électrophysiologie numérique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF006/document.
Full textSignals within neurons are mostly transmitted through chemical synapses. Signal transduction arises from the binding of neurotransmitters to membrane receptors in order to open ion channels. The Glycine Receptor (GlyR) is an ionotropic receptor which is involved in several neurological disorders such as addiction, chronic pain, or hyperekplexia. Because of its implication in human diseases, it is interesting to design novel drugs targeting this receptor. We used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and computational electrophysiology to probe the function of available GlyR structures. We showed that none of the experimental structures display the physiological behavior of the conductive state. Using MD simulations, we captured a novel conformation of the GlyR compatible with a conductive state and demonstrated the importance of lateral portals for ionic permeation. Lastly, we proposed an original protocol, named state-based pharmacology, to discover modulators of allosteric proteins
Asencio, Hernandez Julia. "Novel approaches in NMR and biophysics for the study of complex systems : application to the N-terminal domain of the androgen receptor." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ013/document.
Full textMy PhD project was focused on the development of methods for the analysis of complex systems and their biophysical characterization. This includes the study of large chemical libraries, self assembly systems, protein-ligand interaction studies and disordered biological systems. A wide range of biophysical methods were used for this purpose. Specially, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) but also other techniques such as mass spectrometry, circular dichroism (CD), electron microscopy (EM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The N-terminal Domain of the Androgen Receptor is studied as an example of a complex system. This region plays an important role in receptor activity, and is also described as being intrinsically disordered. The results obtained during my thesis shown a short conserved region involved in the amyloid fibers formation under oxidative conditions. These results open new possibilities to understand the mechanism of the AR activity
Casiraghi, Marina. "Functional modulation of a G protein-coupled receptor conformational landscape in a lipid bilayer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC138/document.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane protein receptors present in most eukaryotic cells. They play a key role in signal transduction and understanding their signalling mechanism represents one of the main issues in biology today. In the characterization of the energy landscape of these receptors, at the atomic scale, X-ray crystal atomic structures published during the last decade represent the major breakthrough and contribution in the structural biology of GPCRs. They represent a precious starting point in the understanding of the mechanism of signal transduction by placing structures in the conformational ensemble of these receptors along the activation pathway. To complete these static snapshots that correspond to low energy and highly populated states, a characterization of the whole conformational ensemble and associated kinetic barriers is fundamental to complete the picture. To this aim we proposed an innovative approach to observe GPCRs dynamic conformational landscape and how it is modulated by ligands and lipids, that are known to play a key role in membrane protein structures and functions (e.g.). One of the most appropriate tool to explore GPCR kinetic barriers is solution state NMR. To do so, we used 13CH3 probes immersed in a perdeuterated environment, the most appropriate isotope-labelling scheme to investigate conformational landscapes of large proteins or protein complexes with this spectroscopy. We chose Escherichia coli as expression system for its ability to grow in very hostile conditions like 100%-D2O solutions. In order to overcome the usual expression issues concerning GPCRs, we applied an innovative protocol which targets the expression directly to inclusion bodies. This allows the production of high amounts of proteins (up to 6 mg/litre of culture of pure 13CH3-u-2H-GPCRs). Once purified, receptors are folded in amphipols and then transferred to nanometric lipid bilayers or nanodiscs. Importantly quantitative pharmacological measurements indicate that receptors embedded in NLBs following this protocol are stable and fully active in the conditions of the NMR experiments. NMR investigation of a GPCR in a NLB gave rise to a resolution never achieved in the field thanks to a fine tuned biochemistry and a perdeuteration of the receptor. According to our data, the prototypical receptor, the leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT2), is able to explore multiple different conformations, even in the unliganded state, including the active state. This conformational landscape is further modulated by ligands and lipids. In particular, we observed that an increment in the sterol content of the membrane modifies the distribution of the different conformational states of the receptor in favour of the active one, indicating a positive allosteric regulation of the sterol on the activation of this receptor, as confirmed by GTP-to-G protein binding measurements. This property of the sterol is likely important for the control of the signalling properties of GPCRs
Olofsson, Linnéa. "Mise en lumière des mécanismes d’activation des récepteurs métabotropes au glutamate par fluorescence en molécule unique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20019/document.
Full textMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) are class C GPCRs, expressed throughout the central nervous system. They participate in the long term modulation of neural transmission following activation by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. This critical role in the regulation of synaptic activity makes them promising targets in the development of drugs for the treatment of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, anxiety and pain relief. My Ph.D. research project has focused on the study of the activation mechanism of the mGluR extracellular ligand binding Venus-Flytrap domain (VFT), with particular emphasis on the differences between partial and full agonists on a molecular level. To this aim, I have used a state-of-the-art single molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) approach, developed for the study of conformational dynamics of single molecules on the nanosecond to millisecond timescale. I have managed to show that the VFT-dimer constantly oscillates between an active and a resting conformation on a ~100µsec timescale. I also discovered that the role of ligands is to influence the transition rate between these boundary states, and that partial agonists display intermediate transition rates. My results, supported by the use of specific mutants, clearly indicate that the role of ligands is not to stabilize a given conformation but to modify the overall dynamic of the receptor, which favors a conformational selection mechanism. Altogether, these results represent a most-valuable contribution to the better understanding of the activation mechanism of mGluRs, and potentially GPCRs in general
Jin, Jun. "Study of the multiple conformations of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC053.
Full textCCR5 (c-c chemokine receptor type 5), a seven-transmembrane receptor, exhibits multiple conformations at the cell surface based on interactions with ligands, heterotrimeric G proteins, B-arrestins, neighboring gpcrs and membrane lipids, and also based on the location and trafficking of the receptor. These conformations play an important role in receptor functions including ligand binding, cell signaling and trafficking. CCR5 also serves as a co-receptor for r5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) entry. The native chemokines ccl3, ccl4, and ccl5 can compete with HIV-1 gp120 for binding CCR5, and are supposed to form a natural barrier against HIV-1. However, their antiviral activity is limited by a pool of CCR5 adopting conformations that have low-chemokine affinity at the cell surface. We demonetrated that this pool of CCR5 that is not stabilized by chemokines could represent a target for inhibiting HIV-1 infection. We exploited the characteristics of the chemokine analog psc-rantes, which displays potent anti-HIV-1 activity. We show that native chemokines fail to prevent high-affinity binding of psc-rantes, analog-mediated calcium release (in desensitization assays), and analog-mediated CCR5 internalization. These results indicate that this pool of spare CCR5 may bind psc-rantes but not native chemokines. Improved recognition of CCR5 by psc-rantes may explain why the analog promotes higher amounts of b-arrestin2/ccr5 complexes, thereby increasing CCR5 down-regulation and HIV- 1 inhibition. Together, these results highlight that spare CCR5, which might permit HIV-1 to escape from chemokines, should be targeted for efficient viral blockade. Numerous studies also showed that gpcr form dimers or larger oligomers, a process that is involved in gpcr conformational changes. The molecular and functional relevance as well as the interaction interfaces of this organization are still poorly understood. To this aim, by using the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5, we defined by chemical cross-link and molecular modeling two non-exclusive dimer interfaces, and a third one stabilized by the inverse agonist maraviroc, which indicates that CCR5 could also exhibit multiple conformations through homo-dimerization. We then showed, by site directed mutagenesis combined with saturation time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and a novel export assay, the essential role of dimerization in receptor transport to the cell surface. These results produce a consensual picture of the interfaces between protomers of class a dimers and reveal the impact of dimerization during biogenesis. They also provide new features of the marketed drug maraviroc highlighting both pharmacological chaperone and allosteric inhibitor activities. Overall, distinguishing multiple CCR5 conformations and their corresponding receptor functions has implications for understanding the selective use of CCR5 by HIV-1 and the development of improved strategies to block CCR5 use by HIV-1