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Journal articles on the topic "Confort automobile"

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N., Bhalaji. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FLYING WIRELESS NETWORK WITH VANET ROUTING PROTOCOL." Journal of ISMAC 01, no. 01 (2016): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2019.1.005.

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The growing amount of vehicles on roadway is the key motivating the establishing of the road safety with comfort and undisturbed traffic flowing. Vehicular adhoc network is a trending wireless methodology that enable an unwired connection between the automobiles to have a highly secured driving with comfort. The vehicles connected wirelessly communicates with its nearby vehicle with the help of an on road circuitry and the mobile circuitry inside the automobile, sharing information either as caution preventing from unwanted fatalities or a guidance in travel. These automobile networks are crafted using the vehicles as their motile nodes and are instantaneously framed on the availability of the automobiles without the support of the ground stations may also be noted as flying wireless network due to their high motility. The conveyance between the vehicles is subjected to two strides. As a conveyance between automobile to automobile and the automobile to ground station. These wireless communication are to be pillared by the proper entrenchment of the message path to evade the unnecessary incidents. The prevailing methods of finding the path and to have formal delivery, suffers loss either by delaying incurred or the high bandwidth usage or reduced network life span with message losses. The proposed provides a well-engineered methodology to have enhanced reliable information sharing ensuring an infallible functioning with minimized delay, extended network lifespan, and an unfailing handing over to avoid the information losses provided with the optimized road safety and comfort. The proposed system is evaluated on the grounds of delay, network lifespan, and packet delivery ratio to confirm its well-ordered functioning when compared to the existing methods.
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Ghulam, Yaseen, Kamini Dhruva, Sana Naseem, and Sophie Hill. "The Interaction of Borrower and Loan Characteristics in Predicting Risks of Subprime Automobile Loans." Risks 6, no. 3 (2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6030101.

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We utilize the data of a very large UK automobile loan firm to study the interaction of the characteristics of borrowers and loans in predicting the subsequent loan performance. Our broader findings confirm the earlier research on the issue of subprime auto loans. More importantly, unmarried borrowers living with furnished tenancy agreements who have relatively new jobs have a probability of defaulting of more than 60% compared to an average 7% default rate in overall subprime borrowers in the dataset. Also, in the above category are those who live in a less prosperous part of the UK such as the north-west, are full-time self-employed, have other large loan arrears, fall into the bottom 25% percentile of monthly income, secure loans with high loan to total value (LTV), purchase expensive automobiles with shorter loan duration payment plans, and have a high dependency on government support. This in fact is also true of those who go into arrears, except that the highest probability in this context is around 40% compared to 6% for an overall sample. These findings shall help in the understanding of subprime auto loans performance in relation to borrowers and loan features alongside helping auto finance firms improve predictive models and decision-making.
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Yao, Jialing, Zhihong Li, Meng Wang, Feifan Yao, and Zheng Tang. "Automobile active tilt control based on active suspension." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 10 (2018): 168781401880145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018801456.

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The rolling control of a car that focuses on reducing the roll angle passively has limited performance of increasing handling stability, passing speed, ride comfort, and rollover prevention while turning. This project presents a method for controlling an automobile to tilt toward the turning direction using active suspension. A 6-degree-of-freedom vehicle model with a 2-degree-of-freedom steering model and a 4-degree-of-freedom tilting model is established. The active tilt sliding mode controller, which causes zero steady-state tilt angle error, is established after the desired tilt angle is determined by dynamic analysis. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the control method. The proposed controller reduces the perceived lateral acceleration and the lateral load transfer rate, thereby effectively improving handling stability, ride comfort, and vehicle speed, meanwhile decreasing the possibility of rollover while turning.
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Zong, Xian Liang, Hui Zheng, and Yu Sun. "Partner Selection in ASP-Based Automobile Panel Die Dynamic Alliance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.812.

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Application service provider (ASP) based dynamic alliance has great advantages in die industry. This paper presents a complete scheme for establishing an ASP-based dynamic alliance for automobile panel die industry. The proposed scheme divides the job of partner selection into three phases, i.e., discovery of potential partners, junior evaluation and selection of potential partners and combination optimization of dynamic alliance. Methods for the three phases of partner selection are proposed and discussed. A prototype system has been developed to confirm the proposed scheme’s feasibility and efficiency.
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Illés, Csaba Bálint, Beatrix Turzai-Horányi, and Anna Dunay. "Post-Cricis Management in the Hungarian Automobile Dealership Sector." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 8, no. 3 (2021): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i3.524.

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Although it is one of the world’s most successful industries, the automotive industry was one of the biggest losers of the economic crisis of 2008. The crisis caused negative effects throughout the automobile supply chain, but research about this period has been focused on car dealerships. The objective of this paper is to provide insight gained from comprehensive research conducted in the Hungarian car trade market through in-depth interviews with car dealership owners and a wide questionnaire survey with the managers of car dealerships. The paper focuses on crisis management measures of the post-crisis period. Statistical methods were applied in the analysis of the questionnaire, such as cross-tabulation analysis, chi-squared tests, cluster analysis, variance analysis, and Tukey-type HSD. The study explores the factors and tools for surviving the crisis. Research results confirm that focusing on sales, customer service, and quality are the key factors for keeping and increasing competitiveness and market position
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Minov, Jordan, Jovanka Karadžinska-Bislimovska, Kristin Vasilevska, Snežana Risteska-Kuc, and Sašo Stoleski. "Work-Related Asthma in Automobile Spray Painters: Two Case Reports." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 59, no. 2 (2008): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1858.

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Work-Related Asthma in Automobile Spray Painters: Two Case ReportsThis report describes two patients who had developed asthma after working as automobile painters with isocyanate-based aerosol paint for two years or over. In both patients asthma was confirmed using the standard diagnostic procedure. One of the subjects was atopic. One was ex-smoker and the other had never smoked. Neither had a family history of asthma. The symptoms occurred after workplace exposure lasting two years in one patient and three in the other. As both reported work-relatedness of the symptoms, they underwent serial peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement and bronchoprovocation testing. Significant work-related changes in PEFR diurnal variations and in non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH) were observed in one patient, suggesting allergic occupational asthma (OA), while the other patient was diagnosed work-exacerbated asthma (WEA). Our data confirm that spray painting is an occupation with increased risk of respiratory impairment and asthma.
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Xia, Qin Xiang, Teng Xu, Guang Ming Wei, and Fu Yuan Ye. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Multi-Position Progressive Stamping Process of Automotive Structural Part." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1366.

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Multi-position progressive stamping is widely used in industrial fields, such as electronic, automobile and appliance, etc. Finite element numerical simulation has been an effective method to analyze the deformation of multi-position progressive stamping, the progressive die with 13 positions for the high strength steel automotive soleplate component part was manufactured based on the FEA simulation results obtained by multi-position multi-operation modeling method, and the corresponding progressive stamping experiments were carried out. The experimental results of the forward deep drawing of position 3 were further compared with the simulation ones, the results conform well to each other.
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Sun, Yi Lin, Zhi Yi Huang, and Ryuichi Kitamura. "Stability of Automobility across Lifecycle Stages over Time." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3862.

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This paper describes how automobility characteristics changed across lifecycle stages within different residential areas over time using statistical analyses. The results confirm that lifecycle is a useful classificatory variable in explaining automobility characteristics. Through analysis of four variances (including lifecycle stage, residential area, time, and age effects), the result suggests that residence area mainly determines the automobile ownership, but household members’ age is one of the main explainers for the fraction of auto trips and total auto travel time.
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Mymrin, Vsévolod A., Rodrigo E. Catai, Elena V. Zelinskaya, and Natalia A. Tolmacheva. "New Construction Materials Based on Automobile Construction Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 346 (August 2013): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.346.15.

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This paper is devoted to the development of valuable new construction materials based on various ecologically burdensome galvanic wastes, namely industrial sludge from the RENAULT plant and metal cleaning glass waste. The only natural component used is local clay. Both of the wastes need significant financial investment and efforts for neutralization and subsequent disposal while they can be recycled into glass-ceramics or red ceramics (tiles, bricks, blocks, etc.). Mechanical properties of the ceramics of various compositions are as follows: flexion resistances are 4.8-9.2, 7.6-11.5 and 11.1-14.9 MPa (after calcination at 800°C, 850°C and 900°C, respectively); the dilatation coefficient values are normally 6.6 to 9.5% (up to 10% for certain materials); the water absorption values are between 19.7 and 23.9%. These values meet the Brazilian standards for ceramics production. Physicochemical interactions of initial components and new materials structure formation processes have been studied. The XRD data show the formation of new minerals in the process of baking: Na-Anortite (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8, Thenardite Na2SO4, Mullite Al6Si2O13, Tamarugite NaAl (SO4)2 6H2O. Only two minerals are identified both before and after baking: Quartz SiO2 and Hematite Fe2O3. High X-ray background clearly visible on the XRD-pattern is an evidence of a highly amorphous glassy structure resulting from founding processes during the mixtures heating. The SEM and EDS studies of the ceramics strongly confirm the XRD results demonstrating fields of almost glassy morphology within the new material. These new-crystalline and new-amorphous structures can explain all the mechanical and chemical properties of the ceramic materials developed. Leaching and solubility studies of the new ceramics with Atom Absorption Analysis demonstrate that a great excess of heavy metals (Sn, Zn and Ni) from the industrial wastes is decreased in the baked ceramics achieving levels that meet Brazilian sanitary standards.
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Zhou, Canzong, Shuyi Chen, Wei Cui, and Zhengmao Yao. "System Design of Electricity Generation Using Waste Heat from LNG Automobile." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502062.

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According to the research, thermoelectricity generation can recycle the heat contained in the cooling system of internal combustion engine. This paper is about taking advantage of the feature in the huge temperature difference at about 560 °C which is formed between high-temperature engine and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) in low temperature and the ability that LNG provides semiconductor with thermoelectric conversion material so as to produce the maximum output voltage in low temperature. We take advantage of lead telluride materials that adapt to the high temperature environment and bismuth telluride materials that adapt to the low temperature environment, both of which forms a circuit and are designed as a thermoelectric power generation device. Also, we confirm the possibility of applying the device to cars.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Confort automobile"

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Amari, Maël. "Etude du confort vibro-acoustique automobile en simulateur." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784843.

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L'intégration des facteurs humains dans la conception automobile est aujourd'hui un enjeu majeur de l'innovation. De par l'utilisation de plus en plus urbaine des véhicules, le confort de roulage à basse vitesse est au cœur des préoccupations industrielles. Dans cette situation, le confort dépend essentiellement de l'environnement vibro-acoustique de l'habitacle. Les évaluations de confort d'une telle situation constituent le cadre de ce travail de recherche. En complément des études " in situ ", ce type d'étude nécessite l'utilisation de simulateurs car ceux-ci permettent la maîtrise des caractéristiques de l'environnement d'un sujet. Mais, il existe toujours des limites à l'immersion et, la simulation modifie le contexte cognitif dans lequel se trouve le passager. Dans le but d'optimiser la simulation, deux expériences sont tout d'abord réalisées pour mesurer l'influence de l'environnement de simulation sur les évaluations de confort. Les contributions relatives de l'immersion et des informations contextuelles apportées par les modalités vibratoires, sonores et visuelles sont estimées. Les propriétés physiques des stimuli, significatives pour le confort, sont ensuite identifiées. À cet effet, les contributions relatives des niveaux sonores et vibratoires au confort automobile sont modélisées avec précision. L'existence d'une image perceptive du confort vibratoire des véhicules est également recherchée. Enfin, les travaux s'attachent à appréhender, dès la conception, les liens entre les prestations offertes par un véhicule à son occupant et le confort vibro-acoustique de l'habitacle. Des évaluations expertes d'items de cotation des véhicules sont comparées à des évaluations de confort faites par des sujets naïfs. Deux expériences perceptives faisant intervenir des stimuli artificiels sont alors mises en place. Ainsi, les liens entre les paramètres de synthèse et les évaluations permettent d'identifier les items de cotation les plus pertinents pour l'évaluation du confort.
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Amari, Maël. "Étude du confort vibro-acoustique automobile en simulateur." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0079/these.pdf.

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L’intégration des facteurs humains dans la conception automobile est aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur de l’innovation et le confort de roulage à basse vitesse est au cœur des préoccupations industrielles. Dans cette situation, le confort dépend essentiellement de l’environnement vibro-acoustique de l’habitacle. Les évaluations de confort d’une telle situation constituent le cadre de ce travail. Ce type d’étude nécessite l’utilisation de simulateurs qui permettent la maîtrise des caractéristiques de l’environnement. Mais, il existe toujours des limites à l’immersion et, la simulation modifie le contexte cognitif dans lequel se trouve le passager. Deux expériences sont réalisées pour mesurer l’influence de l’environnement de simulation sur les évaluations de confort. Les contributions relatives de l’immersion et des informations contextuelles apportées par les modalités vibratoires, sonores et visuelles sont estimées. Les propriétés physiques des stimuli, significatives pour le confort, sont ensuite identifiées. Les contributions relatives des niveaux sonores et vibratoires au confort automobile sont modélisées. L’existence d’une image perceptive du confort vibratoire des véhicules est également recherchée. Enfin, les travaux appréhendent les liens entre les prestations offertes par un véhicule et le confort vibro-acoustique. Des évaluations expertes d’items de cotation des véhicules sont comparées à des évaluations de confort faites par des sujets naïfs. Deux expériences perceptives sont mises en place. Ainsi, les liens entre les paramètres de synthèse et les évaluations permettent d’identifier les items de cotation les plus pertinents pour le confort<br>Today, human factors are highly strategic in the industrial processes of design and technical innovation of the automotive industry. Comfort evaluations are at the centre of research efforts made by car manufacturers. When running at low speed, the riding comfort essentially depends on the vibro-acoustic environment of the passenger compartment. This study investigates comfort evaluations of such environment. The understanding of comfort evaluations requires the use of a simulator, which allows the reproduction of real car stimulations. But even being as immersive as possible, immersion limitations always exist, and a simulated environment changes the cognitive context in which evaluations are performed. Two experimentations were performed to evaluate the influence of the simulated environment on comfort evaluations. Relative contributions of immersion and context information brought by the vibratory, the acoustic and the visual modalities were compared. Then, the most relevant physical characteristics were identified. The sound and vibration level contribution level contributions to comfort were estimated, and the existence of a perceptive image of car vibrations was investigated. Finally, links between vehicles characteristics and comfort evaluations were explored. Expert evaluations of vehicles quotation items were compared to comfort evaluations of artificial vibration signals. Two experimentations allowed the identification of the most pertinent quotation item of cars for the vibro-acoustic comfort
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Weiss, Laurent. "Caloducs souples et confort thermique : Conception, réalisation, validation." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1007.

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Parmi les différents systèmes de transfert d'énergie, les caloducs sont considérés les plus efficaces car ils se distinguent par leur efficacité de transfert sous un faible gradient de température. Ils présentent d'autres avantages tels que la compacité, l'absence d'entretien et une conductance thermique élevée. Les qualités des caloducs ont été utilisées pour la maîtrise de température et l'évacuation de chaleur dans des dispositifs sensibles tels que les satellites ou les microprocesseurs. D'autres applications des caloducs n'étaient pas possibles jusqu'à maintenant car certains systèmes énergétiques présentent un cahier des charges strict: souplesse des composants, légèreté, coûts. Le confort thermique est un domaine où le potentiel d'utilisation des caloducs est très élevé. Ce mémoire présente la conception de caloducs souples à eau et deux applications liées au confort thermique. Deux brevets ARMINES, déposés en 1995 et en 1998, sont à l'origine de ces travaux. Un programme informatique, nommé CALCUL, a été développé. Deux bancs d'essais ont été réalisés, un pour la qualification des chaussures équipées de caloducs et un autre pour le rafraîchissement de l'habitacle automobile. Un démonstrateur a également été conçu au Centre d'Energétique pour une étude systématique de la maîtrise de température de paroi par panneau caloduc dans un habitacle automobile.
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El, Khoury Zaki. "Système indirect en climatisation automobile." ENSMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1209.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier un système de climatisation indirect innovant en climatisation automobile. Il s'agit de refroidir les parois de l'habitacle automobile. Pour ce faire, des panneaux caloducs souples ont été utilisés. Ces panneaux sont refroidis par un circuit secondaire utilisant l'eau comme fluide caloporteur. Une deuxième version d'un code de modélisation des caloducs souples plats "CALCUL" a été élaboré. Un travail supplémentaire est nécessaire pour réduire l'écart entre les prédictions théoriques et les valeurs expérimentales. Un code de calcul dynamique des circuits thermohydrauliques "PIC-SL" a été développé. Il a été validé par comparaison avec des cas limites admettant des solutions explicites. Il peut être utilisé pour une étude d'optimisation du circuit secondaire. Le système de climatisation indirect a été mis en oeuvre et testé sur un démonstrateur réalisé avec une Citroen Xsara Picasso. De essais ont été effectués à Séville en Espagne ainsi qu'en soufflerie. Des gains en températures de surfaces des panneaux caloducs ont été obtenus mais des améliorations sont nécessaires et possibles. Une modélisation simplifiée de l'habitacle ainsi que du confort thermique a été réalisée. L'étude de l'efficacité de refroidissement des parois telles que la planche de bord, le toit ainsi que les portes montre qu'il est nécessaie d'accroître la surface des parois refroidies.
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CHEBALLAH, AMAR. "Modelisation et optimisation des transferts thermiques lies au confort des passagers d'un vehicule automobile." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112467.

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Nous apportons notre contribution a l'etude des transferts de chaleurs lies au confort des passagers d'un vehicule, par la modelisation et l'optimisation du systeme de conditionnement d'air. Nous avons developpe un modele a une seule contrainte sur l'ecoulement interne (le sous refroidissement). La modelisation des echangeurs de chaleur est basee sur la methode nut epsilon. Les correlations donnant les coefficients d'echange interne, ont necessite une etude comparative entre la grande diversite existante. Les lois retenues pour le condenseur sont: dittus-boettler pour les parties monophasiques et cavallini pour la partie diphasique. Celles retenues pour l'evaporateur sont: dittus-boettler en monophasique et kandlikar en diphasique. Les coefficients d'echange externe sont calcules a partir du nombre de colburn en identifiant deux parametres fonction du type de technologie de l'echangeur. Le compresseur est modelise par une methode globale basee sur l'identification des caracteristiques du composant (taux de volume mort et coefficient polytropique). Le modele detendeur est, quant a lui, original en raison de son aspect global visant a identifier les coefficients mettant en evidence la fonction d'asservissement du detendeur. Le raccordement des differents modules, permet de simuler une boucle complete de conditionnement d'air. Les etudes de sensibilite effectuees, ont permis de mettre en evidence une repetitivite des ecarts calculs/essais
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Roy, David. "Evaluation de l'impact de technologies de préconditionnement thermique d'un habitacle automobile sur la consommation en carburant ainsi que sur le confort thermique des passagers." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1035.

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Le travail presente dans ce memoire concerne l'etude du precontionnement thermique d'un habitable automobile en vue d'une reduction de la charge thermique tout en ameliorant le confort d'acceuil des passagers. Pour cela, un modele numerique, thermhab, a ete developpe. Celui-ci consiste en l'assemblage de differents codes de calculs permettant de traiter independamment l'ensemble des transferts de chaleur, et de les coupler dans un logiciel de resolution globale. L'outil final associe un modele zonal pour la representation des transferts de masse au sein du vehicule, un modele unidirectionnel aux differences finies pour les echanges conductifs, un modele rayonnement qui permet le calcul des facteurs de transferts (methode des revetements) ainsi que de la repartition des taches solaires dans l'abitacle, et enfin, un module de caracterisation du climat autour des passagers. Apres une validation du logiciel thermhab, son exploitation a permis une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes physiques au sein du vehicule. Les principaux resultats sont l'appartition d'une contradiction entre le traitement thermique de l'habitacle en hiver et en ete. Du point de vue du confort, les echanges convectifs et par rayonnement sont essentiels. Une recherche bibliographique portant sur des systemes passifs et actifs a ete egalement entreprise. Les technoilogies adaptees au preconditionnement thermique ont ete simulees sous thermhab. Les nombreuses simulations decoulant de ce travail montrent la possibilite de maintenir l'habitacle a une temperature proche de l'ambiante avec uniquement des technologies passives (gain en consommation jusqu'a 30%) ; l'utilisation de systemes actifs etant judicieuse uniquement en association avec des systemes repose sur la repartition de l'energie frigorifique ou calorique sur les parois et l'air interne de l'habitacle. Ceci permet de reduire legerement la consommation energetique pour un niveau de confort thermique ameliore.
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MILLEMANN, SYLVAIN. "Estimation connexionniste et fusion possibiliste de fonctions d'appartenance floues. Application a l'evaluation du confort automobile." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP866S.

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L'evaluation automatique du confort vibratoire constitue un enjeu considerable pour les constructeurs de l'industrie automobile. Ce travail propose pour cette tache de construire un systeme a partir des signaux temporels issus de mesures vibratoires sur le vehicule et des commentaires associes d'experts confort. Compte tenu de la nature fortement imprecise et subjective des sensations de confort, le formalisme utilise est celui de la logique floue. Par ailleurs, en raison de leurs proprietes, les reseaux de neurones de type perceptron multicouche ont ete choisis pour realiser la regression entre les mesures et les commentaires. L'originalite de la demarche adoptee reside dans la minimisation d'une mesure de flou entre l'estimation fournie par le reseau de neurones et l'expertise humaine. Elle conduit ainsi a la quantification la moins floue au sens de la mesure choisie. Un systeme de detection/estimation, appele aussi capteur intelligent, est ainsi elabore pour chaque phenomene. Cette demarche nous permet de prendre en compte les trois types d'incertitude: probabiliste, resolutionnelle et floue, et fournit une evaluation objective de la notion subjective de confort. Elle permet en outre l'agregation graduelle d'avis de plusieurs experts, du mode conjonctif (accord) au mode disjonctif (desaccord). Une nouvelle mesure, appelee cardinalite relative, permet d'estimer la qualite des resultats. Sur l'application concernee, il est particulierement satisfaisant de constater que la nature des phenomenes est restituee a posteriori par les capteurs intelligents, comme c'est le cas pour la brutalite du defaut tassement. Une alternative a la methode precedente est en outre proposee, impliquant cette fois deux techniques de fusion possibiliste: l'agregation adaptative et une technique par integrale floue. Cette deuxieme approche presente l'avantage de pouvoir recueillir a posteriori les pertinences individuelles des capteurs utilises, par rapport au phenomene etudie
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Brazier, Thomas. "Analyse géométrique et biomécanique globale de l'occupant d'un vehicule automobile pour l'amélioration du confort postural." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0027.

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Bergeron, Francois. "Développement d'un critère synthèse de confort acoustique relatif au bruit de roulement dans une voiture particulière." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1507.

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Au terme de cette étude, un critère objectif synthétisant la perception du confort acoustique sera défini pour le cas du bruit de roulement dans une voiture particulière. Le bruit généré lors du roulage n'étant actuellement défini que par son niveau acoustique global, on veut expliquer sa perception par rapport à des calculs psychoacoustiques validés. Pour ce faire, l'analyse sensorielle est utilisée afin de décrire le bruit de roulement par des descripteurs sensoriels. D'abord, à partir d'une banque de sons préenregistrés en conditions contrôlées, une écoute en salle sur jury permet de dresser la liste des termes les plus évocateurs pour décrire les aspects perceptifs du bruit de roulement. Ensuite, chaque membre du jury évalue l'intensité de chaque aspect retenu sur une échelle d'intensité de 0 à 15. Parallèlement, une série de calculs effectués par traitement du signal attribuent des valeurs psychoacoustiques sur ces mêmes enregistrements. Une étude statistique de régression multiple permet alors de lier les intensités perçues à des métriques psychoacoustiques, pour rendre objectif le caractère subjectif de la perception acoustique. Les résultats attendus sont sous forme d'une liste de descripteurs perceptifs, chacun ayant été corrélé avec une fonction ou un algorithme appliqué à un enregistrement binaural. L'intégration de ces fonctions dans un logiciel synthèse d'analyse permet d'anticiper l'appréciation client. Ce travail s'insère dans le cadre plus général d'un déploiement orienté vers les attentes de différentes typologies de clients chez Renault S.A. Pour des raisons de confidentialité, les descripteurs de même que les coefficients de régression liant les descripteurs aux métriques psychoacoustiques ne sont pas explicités. Par ailleurs, ce mémoire se concentre sur la méthodologie adoptée ainsi que sur l'interprétation des résultats.
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Pellerin, Nicolas. "Températures corporelles et sensations thermiques : approche psychophysiologique du confort thermique dans le cas de l'habitacle automobile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13245.

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Ce travail s’inscrit dans une meilleure compréhension de la genèse de l’inconfort thermique pour des environnements hétérogènes mais stables dans le temps, permettant aux sujets de se situer au voisinage de la thermoneutralité physiologique et sensorielle. La connaissance des températures corporelles permet une étude de type psychophysiologique liant l’état thermique corporel du sujet (local et global) aux sensations thermiques (jugements perceptifs et affectifs). Grâce à l’utilisation de 2 simulateurs de conduite, 345 sujets ont pu être exposés à différents environnements thermiques, modulés par des facteurs tels que le mode de distribution de l’air, le vêtement ou le type d’activité (conducteur ou passager). Ce travail montre que la connaissance des états thermiques locaux est indispensable à l’évaluation du confort thermique dans les environnements hétérogènes. L’étude de données locales montre toutefois qu’il n’est pas possible de rendre compte d’un désagrément local à partir de la seule température cutanée de cette zone. Les perceptions locales et les désagréments locaux dépendent de l’état thermique corporel global, qui peut être évalué à partir de la température cutanée moyenne et du jugement thermique global. Dans nos conditions, le déterminisme de l’inconfort est à la fois quantitatif, le désagrément local devant être ressenti pour un certain nombre de surfaces corporelles, et qualitatif, certains segments corporels ayant un impact plus important que les autres. Une origine plutôt locale de l’inconfort froid est suggérée, par opposition au caractère plutôt global de l’inconfort chaud. Les résultats obtenus ont conduit à l’élaboration d’un indice de prédiction des risques d’inconfort thermique. Cet indice repose sur l’hypothèse qu’il existerait au niveau central un système de contrôle comparant la distribution des températures corporelles avec une cartographie de référence<br>This work emphasizes a better understanding of the origin of human thermal discomfort under heterogeneous but steady environments, for subjects exposed at the vicinity of physiological and sensory thermoneutrality. The knowledge of skin temperatures allows a psychophysiological study aiming at linking the body thermal state (local and total) to the thermal feelings (perceptive and affective judgments). By using 2 driving simulators, 345 subjects were exposed to different thermal environments, modulated by factors such as the air distribution in the automotive cockpit, the clothing insulation or the activity level (driver or passenger). This work shows that considering the local thermal states is essential for the evaluation of thermal comfort in the case of non-uniform environments. The study of the local data shows however that it is possible to predict local unpleasantness depend on the total body thermal state, which can be evaluated on the basis of mean skin temperature and global thermal vote. Our experimental conditions point out that the determinism of discomfort is both quantitative, the local unpleasantness being felt on a certain number of body surfaces, and qualitative, certain body segments having a more important impact than others. A local origin is suggested for cold discomfort, in opposition to the global characteristic of warm discomfort. This work led to the development of an index of thermal discomfort risk. This index is based upon the assumption that it would exist at the central level, a controlling system which could compare the skin temperature distribution to a referenced cartography
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Book chapters on the topic "Confort automobile"

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Hirota, Akimitsu. "“The Dialogue Triangle” Effect and Structure for Prototyping on “Need-Solution Pairs”." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4775-4.ch014.

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Problem-solving behavior in a situation where the problem is not defined creates problems. However, concrete examples of the phenomenon are not shown. In order to capture this phenomenon, the authors investigated the process of pedal development for automobiles. The name of the pedal is called “Naruse pedal.” Naruse pedal reduces accidents caused by mistakes in pressing foot on accelerator pedal and brake pedal. Naruse pedal has been reported by many media including the New York Times. The authors surveyed the development process of Naruse pedal. They show this development case and confirm the existence of simultaneity of needs and solution.
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Sadrnia, Abdolhossein, Hossein Nezamabadi-Pour, Mehrdad Nikbakht, and Napsiah Ismail. "A Gravitational Search Algorithm Approach for Optimizing Closed-Loop Logistics Network." In Meta-Heuristics Optimization Algorithms in Engineering, Business, Economics, and Finance. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2086-5.ch020.

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Since late in the 20th century, various heuristic and metaheuristic optimization methods have been developed to obtain superior results and optimize models more efficiently. Some have been inspired by natural events and swarm behaviors. In this chapter, the authors illustrate empirical applications of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) as a new optimization algorithm based on the law of gravity and mass interactions to optimize closed-loop logistics network. To achieve these aims, the need for a green supply chain will be discussed, and the related drivers and pressures motivate us to develop a mathematical model to optimize total cost in a closed-loop logistic for gathering automobile alternators at the end of their life cycle. Finally, optimizing total costs in a logistic network is solved using GSA in MATLAB software. To express GSA capabilities, a genetic algorithm (GA), as a common and standard metaheuristic algorithm, is compared. The obtained results confirm GSA’s performance and its ability to solve complicated network problems in closed-loop supply chain and logistics.
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Conference papers on the topic "Confort automobile"

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Okada, Yohji, Ken-Ichi Suzuki, and Ryou Kondo. "Energy Regenerative and Active Control of Automobile Suspension." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34112.

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A new energy regenerative and active control of automobile suspension is introduced. It is intended to improve vibration reduction capability using the regenerated energy. A PM type linear AC motor is used as an energy regenerative and active control suspension. This idea is applied to a quarter-car model and vibration control is performed. Energy regenerative and active control modes can not operate at the same time. A new control law is introduced to switch control modes and to follow the ideal force. The ideal force is calculated using the LQ control theory. The PWM switches are driven in proportion to the difference between the ideal control force and the actuator force using the modulation circuit. Experimental setup is made to confirm the proposed technique and the damping capability is tested.
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Nishigaki, Hidekazu, Shinji Nishiwaki, Tatsuyuki Amago, and Noboru Kikuchi. "First Order Analysis for Automotive Body Structure Design." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14533.

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Abstract The concept of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) was first proposed by J. Lemon at SDRC, and has been widely accepted in automotive industries. CAE numerically estimates the performance of automobiles and proposes alternative ideas that lead to the higher performance without building prototypes. However, most automotive designers cannot directly utilize CAE since specific well-trained engineers are required to achieve sophisticated operations. Moreover, CAE requires a huge amount of time and many modelers to construct an analysis model. In this paper, we propose a new concept of CAE, First Order Analysis (FOA), in order to overcome these problems and to quickly obtain optimal designs. The basic ideas include (1) graphic interfaces for automotive designers using Microsoft/Excel (2) use of sophisticated formulations based on the theory of mechanics of material, (3) the topology optimization method. Further, some prototypes of software are presented to confirm the method for FOA presented here.
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Sharifpur, Mohsen. "Designing New Cooling System for Automobiles to Get More Fuel Efficiency and Less Environment Defects." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68413.

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Almost all of the internal combustion engines waste a significant amount of their fuel energy from cooling system or exhaust gas. On the other hand in the warm season or regions, it needs to remove some extra heat from air conditioner radiator (condenser). This subject effects directly on global warming. Changing some part of this waste energy to shaft work (or electricity) not only has benefit in the way to find a source for hybrid automobiles but also, it has effect on global warming, fuel economy, saving natural resources and if the fuel produce CO2, less greenhouse effect and less air pollution defect could be remarkable. In this work, a new cooling system is offered that is the same as a core of boiling water (nuclear) reactors (BWR), it means a subcooled working fluid could enter to engine shell then during the heat removes from engine and exhaust gas, it will be a boiling generator (boiling heat exchange) for a smart thermodynamic cycle. In this way not only could change some parts of unused energy to work, but also it has more capability with environment. Here, it is offered this idea by using the typical engines data. The Results confirm that it can recover at least about 20% of waste heat. This new cooling system is suitable for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combines a conventional propulsion system with an onboard rechargeable energy storage system. However, it can use this idea for almost the entire internal ignition engines in automobiles or somewhere that needs to remove some heat from a device, same as condensers of modified power plants or engine of ships.
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Taha-Tijerina, Jaime, T. N. Narayanan, Soorya Avali, and P. M. Ajayan. "2D Structures-Based Energy Management Nanofluids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87890.

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Designing of compact electronic and electrical instruments needs the development of high efficient thermal and electrical management fluids. Recent advances in layered materials enable large scale synthesis of diverse two-dimensional (2D) structures. Some of these 2D materials are good choices as nanofillers in heat/electrical energy transfer fluids; mainly due to their high surface area available for energy conduction. Among various 2D nanostructures, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) or graphene (G) exhibit versatile properties such as outstanding thermal conductivity (TC), excellent mechanical stability, and remarkable chemical inertness. These 2D nanostructures have been used to create composite fluids for diverse thermal management applications, such as microelectronics, high voltage power transmission systems, automobiles, solar cells, biopharmaceuticals, medical therapy/diagnosis, and nuclear cooling, among others. The ever increasing thermal loads in applications now require advanced operational fluids, like high TC dielectric insulating fluids for electrical transformers. These fluids require superb filler dispersion, high thermal conduction, as well as electrical insulation. Such thermal oils that conform to this thermal/electrical requirement, and yet remain in highly suspended stable state, have not yet been synthesized. We discuss the synthesis and characterization of stable high TC and electrically conducting and non-conducting Newtonian nanofluids using liquid exfoliated layers of h-BN and G in dielectric mineral oil.
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Kato, Mitsuaki, Takahiro Omori, Akihiro Goryu, Tomoya Fumikura, and Kenji Hirohata. "Electromigration Analysis of Power Modules by Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Coupled Model." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10558.

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Abstract Power semiconductors and modules are basic components of electrical infrastructure and are currently widely used in applications such as power conversion devices, industrial equipment, railways, and automobiles. Power modules are being developed with the aim of downsizing and increasing power output. With the larger current densities and higher operating temperatures associated with downsizing and increasing power output, degradation of power modules can occur as a result of electromigration. Electromigration is a phenomenon where atoms move due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and metal atoms. In addition, atoms are also moved by mechanical stress gradients and temperature gradients, so it is necessary to take into consideration the combined effects of electrical, thermal, and mechanical stress. In this report, we describe an electrical-thermal-mechanical coupled analysis of electromigration in a bonding wire of a power module. First, the analysis is validated under the condition that the displacement of the wire surface is fixed. The distributions of vacancy concentrations and hydrostatic stress are almost equal to those in previous studies. Next, we present the influences of current density, temperature, and the displacement constraint on electromigration in a wire with a simplified shape. The analysis results confirm that the plasticity and creep should be taken into consideration in a bonding wire. This also confirm that vacancy concentration increase more rapidly by changing the displacement of the wire surface from the fixed condition to the free condition. Finally, we present analysis results for a bonding wire with the actual shape found in power modules. In this wire, a local concentration peak appear in the electrode terminal. The analysis results reveal that electromigration may affect not only void formation but also other failure phenomena in the bonding wire of power modules.
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Sharifpur, Mohsen. "Designing Boiling Condenser for More Efficiency in Power Plants and Less Environment Defects." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22201.

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One of the most important problems in the power plants is to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Most of the works in this area is focused on regeneration devices, removing the heat losses of components…But usually, about half of the input energy in the thermal cycle wastes in the condensers. In this day and age with greenhouse effect and global warming problem, the less environment defect is also another important subject. In this work, a new condenser is offered that is the same as a core of BWR nuclear reactors, then during the working fluid is condensing in a cycle it is a boiling generator (boiling heat exchange) for another cycle. In this way not only could change some parts of unused energy to work, but also it has more capability with environment. It is possible to design this process several times with different cycles and different working fluids to low heat wastes from condensers. Here, it is offered this idea by using the data of Catalagzi power plant in Turkey. The results confirm that the thermal efficiency increases at least %7.5. It can use this method for most of the power plants or somewhere that needed to remove some heat from a device, same as radiators of the automobiles.
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Wilbanks, J. Justin, and Michael J. Leamy. "Analyzing the Robustness of Two-Scale Command Shaping for Reducing Powertrain Vibration During Engine Restart." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59502.

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This paper analyzes the robustness of a two-scale command shaping strategy for reducing vibrations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains during engine restart. Propagation of HEVs through the automobile market depends on their perceived quality and performance. In this work, a two-scale command shaping strategy addresses the drivability of the vehicle by focusing on the reduction of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues associated with restarting the internal combustion engine (ICE) during a mode transition. The strategy tailors the electric machine (EM) torque profile, which consists of a linear and time-varying component, to significantly mitigate the powertrain and chassis vibrations for a smoother ICE startup. The time-varying EM torque component is calculated by applying a perturbation technique for separating the scales of an analytical ICE model, which isolates the ICE nonlinear response. Command shaping is then applied to the linear problem governed by the remaining scale. Simulations confirm that the two-scale command shaping strategy is a straightforward technique for reducing powertrain and chassis vibrations during ICE restart. In real-time implementation, inaccuracies or variations in system parameters and initial conditions arising from the operating condition or from general wear during a vehicle’s life cycle will occur. Therefore, successful implementation of the two-scale command shaping strategy relies upon the robustness of the perturbation technique and command shaping to these variations. This paper validates the perturbation technique’s robustness to variations in the ICE parameters and initial conditions. Robust command shaping methods are also explored to decrease the impact of system parameter variations on the efficacy of command shaping. Improving the overall robustness of the two-scale command shaping strategy will increase the applicability to consumer HEVs by ensuring its performance under variations in system parameters.
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Lee, Woo-Young, Young-Jun Jang, Takayuki Tokoroyama, Motoyuki Murashima, and Noritsugu Umehara. "The Influence of Defects in ta-C Coating Deposited by FCVA Method on Their Tribological Behavior." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8591.

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Abstract Diamond like-carbon (DLC) coatings is a form of amorphous consisting of sp2-bonded and sp3-bonded phase. Among the DLC series, DLC coatings containing a large percentage of sp3 ratio, referred as tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings, have attracted significant attention as protective coatings in various fields such as tribological applications and automobile components that demand superior durability, chemical inertness and low friction at high temperature. Particularly, the filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technique with an energetic plasma can deposit the ta-C coating, but it has a drawback such as decreasing deposition rate and occurring macroparticles. Research on morphological and structural change of defects in ta-C coatings fabricated by FCVA is important for understanding their wear and friction behavior. In this study, the types of defects presented on a ta-C coating were classified as spike, droplet and pore with their morphology, structural and mechanical properties. The tribological behavior of the coating was characterized by ball-on-disk test using a Si3N4 ball at a testing temperature of 170 °C. In order to confirm the effect of defects in the ta-C coating on the tribological behavior, the defects in a designated area were investigated as a function of different sliding cycles. Initially, a running-in cycle is maintained until 2,000 cycles, following which a steady-state value of 0.1 is observed from sliding cycles of 2,000 to 10,000. At the end of 10,000 cycles, the wear rate of the ta-C coating is 4.3 × 10−6 mm3/Nm. Structural changes among the defects are apparent on droplet and pore after the friction test at 170 °C. The nodular defects including spikes and droplet is grinded off on top surface of that and is retained until 1,000 cycles. In steady state up to 6,000 cycles, droplet was survived, on the other hand, the spikes are almost polished from sliding.
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Belotti, Vittorio, Roberto P. Razzoli, and Rinaldo C. Michelini. "Lifecycle Monitoring for the Automotive Eco-Sustainability." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59395.

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The growth sustainability requires dramatic changes to lower the natural resources consumption and the surroundings pollution, by recovery/remediation processes. The EU policy aims at the extended producers/suppliers responsibility, with effective charges on the products allowed to be put on the market, used and called-back, in view of the properly small impact and transparent lifecycle acknowledgement. This leads to «extensions» in designing the new offers with integrated monitoring and service functions. The design for the lifecycle eco-effectiveness is accomplishment, better qualifying the far-seeing companies according to the EU eco-policy. The idea is to reach the duty visibility, by the extended plug-and-play concept, based on series of integrated design options, assigning the structural and functional modules, for the operation monitoring, the reliability assessment and the impact appraisal. This instrumental setting includes intangible information/communication aids, to confer ambient intelligence abilities. This way, the on-process visibility is assured, and exploited for on-duty servicing and end-of-life processing. The example case chosen deals with the critical situation of the parts manufactured in plastics, which are deemed to represent most relevant portion in the cars to come. The following recovery options are possible: - the reuse of the reconditioned items, according to suitably assessed life-extension opportunities; - the recycling of the warn-out components, with the regeneration and reusing of the materials; - the thermal recovery of residual stuffs, within careful handling and pollution-safe warnings; - the reduction to registered ASR, automobile shredding residue, within the EU directives limits. The on-board information system includes, as innovative feature, the resort to identifying tags or labels, to be read and written through wireless links. The technology exploits cheap and compact supports, allowing the labelling of the component, from production, to lifecycle, with an identifying code. The RFID, Radio Frequency Identification Device, is privileged, as ideal means for the component traceability and the history, use modes/styles and cumulated issues storing.
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Gurupatham, Sathish K., Priyanka Velumani, and Revathy Vaidhya. "Calculation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient Using Thermography During a Physical Exercise." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23120.

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Abstract A detailed model of human thermoregulation and a numerical algorithm to predict thermal comfort is a novel field of research and has wide applications in the auto/transportation industry and in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry. Anatomically specific convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients for the human body will be required to understand the human thermal physiological and comfort models. It necessitates to create hygienic and thermally comfortable spaces for the best productivity of the users. The physiological nature of thermal comfort during a transient condition such as a physical exercise or travel in an automobile are not yet well understood. In this paper, thermography has been applied to measure the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients which has not been done before. Three different recovery processes were considered after the running of a human model on a treadmill with a range of speeds starting from 2 miles/hour to 10 miles/hour for stretch of twenty minutes. The recovery process included, (a) fan-assisted cooling with an air velocity of 0.5 m/s for 30 minutes, (b) fan-assisted cooling with an air velocity of 1.5 m/s for 30 minutes, and (c) natural cooling with no assistance of fan for 30 minutes. Thermal images were taken for forehead, trunk, arms, hands, legs of the models and the convective heat transfer coefficient and radiative heat transfer coefficient were calculated. The human models included both male and female, and belonged to two different age groups of less than 15 and above 40 with a total of 24 participants. The results show that though the temperatures, measured using thermography, for various parts of the human body changed locally, the overall calculated radiative heat transfer coefficients matched with the ASHRAE handbook values, and the calculated convective heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of air velocity, while the models cooled down after the workout. Interestingly, the skin temperature decreased, initially, as the exercise progressed. After the completion of exercise, the skin temperature exhibited a quick rise during the recovery period with a subsequent decrease in the temperature, later. This trend was the same with all different age groups and sex of the models. The results also confirm that thermal images can be relied on for calculating the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients of the human body to determine the heat transfer rate.
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