Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Confréries – France – 18e siècle'
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Vanasse, Claudie. "Les saintes cruautés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20005.
Full textTriaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Full textThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
Sinicropi, Gilles. ""D'oraison et d'action"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20001.
Full textBrejon, de Lavergnée Matthieu. "La société de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul à Paris au XIXe siècle (1833-1871) : prosopographie d’une élite catholique fervente." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040106.
Full textThe Saint Vincent de Paul Society was born in Paris in 1833. Her founders were a group of catholic students, which among them Frédéric Ozanam is the best known, anxious to uphold their faith and to help the poors. This thesis’s methods come from those of religious and social history ; this work tries to understand the shapes and reasons of the fast developpement of a charitable work in the first middle of the nine’teenth century. It takes an interest in the urban geography of its implatation in France. It studies also the paterns of its organization and government inside the institution ; the speeches and observances of its members, between charity and philanthropy, read in the light of an anthropology of the gift. It takes an interest as well into the most significant of its charitable work, housecall visits and patronage, without neglecting their own financing. At the local and parish scale, Paris is a special place for the observation, in order to lighten the charitable networks of the french capital. To end with, a prosopography of the members ables us to draw the fellow members profile, the modle of the charitable man in the first social catholicism
Rideau, Gaël. "De la religion de tous à la religion de chacun. Les hommes face à l'église et à la religion à Orléans au XVIIIe siècle (1667-1791)." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1062.
Full textFrom curves of ordinations to the study of the religious stamp in the domestic space, a transition of the religious life in Orleans stands out. It expresses itself by a laicisation of the people's view upon the clergy. Collective devotions and parish-life still crucial, but they change. The parish carries an economical logic as much as a religious one. Nevertheless, in the same time, a thrust draws up. Testament illustrates an individual remaking with a movement of gestures and discourses to the family-life. The birth of a religious-domestic complex completes this associating pious objects, pictures and books. Jansenism and Enlightenment are crucial in this movement. In this way, they may be bound. Therefore, in the eighteenth century Orleans, the religion did not know a dechristianisation, but a secularisation, that is to say a passage of the vitality toward a more individual logic
Balsan, Bernard. "Seigneuries dromoises au siècle des lumières." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33018.
Full textThe seigneurial system in the drome at the centuty of the lights in based upon the modernisation of the seigneurality by the nobility class. This group practise the feodal reaction. The peasants are opposed at their lords. They goes in justice for the protection of their rights. This struggle is one of the reasons of the french revolution
Conchon, Anne. "Le péage en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010520.
Full textPitavy-Simoni, Pascale. "Aux origines du laissez faire : les libéralismes économiques en France au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010068.
Full textThis thesis sets out to relate french origins of laissez faire in order to show the emergence of a number of different types of economic liberalism in France in the eighteenth century, that is to say different from physiocratic or smithian thought. This interpretation of liberal discourses' plurality is developped through a double research main line : on the one hand, a wealth's analysis ; new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth -land or labor- represent a fondamental step around four items : money, corn trade, luxury and tax system. On the other hand, it is explained that economic freedom is claimed, in France in the eighteenth century, against practical and principles of colbertism. In others words, this thesis shows firstly that economic liberalism emerges in france in the eighteenth century, secondly that it emerges from this new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth and against Colbertism's interventionist hegemony, and finally that different types of economic liberalism consequently exist. Three strands of economic liberalism are distinguished : the monetary liberalism of melon and dutot ; the property rights liberalism of the physiocrats ; and the egalitarian liberalism of gournay and graslin. Through this plurality of liberal thought, the thesis sets also out to think about what is traditionally attributed to economic liberalism -individualism, noninterventionism, free trade
Massounie, Dominique. "Les monuments de l'eau : aqueducs, châteaux d'eau et fontaines dans la ville moderne (1661-1791)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010670.
Full textWolvesperges, Thibaut. "Le mobilier parisien en laque au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040197.
Full textThe study of Parisian furniture of lacquer was never really dissociated from the general history of Parisian furniture of XVIIIth century or, sometimes, related, in a broader way, without being truly deepened, to the 'chinoiserie'. However, nobody has analyzed, so far, the lacquer and its market in France during the XVIIIth century, on the ground of archives documents, which is crucial for a good understanding of this kind of furniture. The creation and trade of such particular furniture was conditioned by the great difficulty to obtain in Paris high-quality panels. After having studying the lacquer's market, we suggest to start on the different lacquer used in the Parisian cabinetmaking, together with their reproductions carried out according to the 'vernis martin' technique. Then, we will be able to deepen Parisian furniture of lacquer's trade -the most important of all-, hold, not by cabinetmakers, but by 'marchands-merciers' delivering sparingly lacquer panels that the cabinetmakers could not acquire due to their high price. Finally, we will study the cabinetmakers position, then we will deal with amateurs and collectors of lacquer and lacquer furniture and particularly the royal taste for them, on the basis of numerus documents from the 'garde-meuble de la couronne' kept in the National archives
Marchand, Patrick. "Les maîtres de poste et le transport public en France : 1700-1850." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010520.
Full textHennebelle, David. "Aristocratie, musique et musiciens à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30026.
Full textThe relationship which linked the aristocratic circle, music and musicians was the mainstructuring basis of the musical world during the Age of Enlightenment. Through various motives and aptitudes, wealthy aristocrats protected musicians. They would support private orchestras, accept dedications. They would contribute to extend the music market or would assert their musical tastes by frequently practissing music themselves. From praise music to avant-garde music, the aristocratic musical patronage enjoyed their Golden Age and directed the birth of specific forms of musical creations. As for musicians who were in the service of an aristocratic house, they would have various but still rather privileged statuses. As they were able to diversify their activities and their ways of life, and as they were very close to high social groups - which they could identify to, musicians contributed in building a complex image of their profession : they weren't submissive artist but neither were they emancipated artists
Vergnaud, Jean-Louis. "Le sentiment de l'honneur en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040093.
Full textThe French sense of honor in the 18th century is a means of evaluation of oneself as well as of the others' value, virtue, prestige or rank. It actually constitutes the moral code of nobility and of gentlemen-soldiers, ruled by legislation and jurisprudence. However on revolution outbreak, it declines for two reasons: first, because of the new ideals of freedom and equality bring up by the revolution; second because after monarchy's overthrow, it no longer constitute the cement between nobility and royal authority
Bée, Michel. "La croix et la bannière : confréries, Eglise et société en Normandie du XVIIe siècle au début du XXe siècle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040111.
Full textNowadays, in a few villages of Normandy, a brotherhood called "charité", assumes the inheritance of an ancient and pregnant tradition. Actually, after a period of prosperity in the XVth, an a crisis in the XVIth century, succeeds a long time of reforms, under the supervision of the clergy, in order to establish the confraternities inside the parish. From the post-tridentine acculturation to the ultra-montane devotions, they get associated with the purpose of christianizing the people. As in other places, some specific confraternities are intended or this aim, such rosary and holy-sacrament; but, in the same time, more ancient and autonomous ones, the "charités", develop in mid-Normandy, from the Caux, to the Roumois, Lieuvin and Perche, a tight sociability about death, feasts and mutual helps. Dechristinization, but also individualism and desocialization bring them into question; however, in front of the attacks of revolution and secularism in the third republic, the communal and religious links of the country Norman brotherhoods stand firm till, and sometimes after, the First World War
Hilaire-Pérez, Liliane. "Inventions et inventeurs en France et en Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/cite-sciences/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=85431.
Full textStudying innovation in XVIIIth-century Europe often means comparing France to England. For a long time, historians have considered that England was the schoolmaster of the industrial revolution, but it is assumed now that, as jean bouvier said, "each nation is different from its neighbours", wich is not contrary to English domination over Europe. In fFrance, absolutism and academism fastened ties between science and politics, public utility and privilege, talent and private succes. The 1762 royal declaration confirmed this when regularizing the issue of monopolies for invention. In England, the bond between science and politics was a stack one, except if the state interests were at stake (statute of monopolies, 1624). Patents were issued without examination, but if paying. Nevertheless, in both countries, the technician was a new man, a craftsman and a genius, more encouraged in england (society of arts), much confused in France. Genuis and talent meant the setting of a natural right for inventors, in a more disputed way in France. But in both countries, the enlightened reconciling of arts and sciences was shadowed by new hiearchies betwwen technicians. At the end of the century, all across the channel, economic growth was the sole end of inventions. Large investments in innovation became sufficient proof for French government, as it released form the laxw process, in the English way. The birth of the brevet in 1791, imitated from the patents, also meant the setting of relief funds for needy inventors. As a matter of fact, natural right had to cope with social disparities
Villate, Dominique. "L'équipement hôtelier parisien au milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040296.
Full textBy the middle of the 18th century, about 940 residential hotels were concurrently set up in Paris. As a hostelry for travelers, they were concentrated in the north where gathered public coaches though the famed inns preferred the west part of Paris visited by rich foreigners. The variety of the prices didn't involve a great difference in the set of the facilities placed at visitors' disposal, except for the quality of materials. Embellishment, comfort, attendance, were progressively uniformed meanwhile many hotels claimed their specificity. Trade narrowly watched by the police, exacting the keeping of registers of customers, hostelry happened to be exposed to undesirable visitors who put them in financial difficulties
Krampl, Ulrike. ""Sous prétexte de magie" : les secrets des faux sorciers de la police de Paris entre croyances et escroquerie au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0005.
Full textAfter a partial decriminalization of the crime of witchcraft by royal edict of 1682, the police of Paris continues to persecute men and women who practice any kind of magic (treasure hunting, invocation of spirits or the devil, divination/astrology, "secret" remedies for the body, love, chance at gambling) or who engage in the transmutation of metals. Throughout the 18th century the police calls them "falses witches". A detailed study of contemporary texts (dictionaries, treatises, police records) traces the ways of how the term "magic" is constituted through language and its practice. It also shows that the exercise of magic in the city fundamentally addresses the domain of the "secret". Thus, the issues at stake are of prime importance to contemporaries, as they concern the constitution of a "public", enrichment and the social and economic organization of the city. This novel and original configuration of magic emphasizes above all its commercial dimension : the "false witches" are accused of "abusing the credulous public", and more frequently, of "fraudulence"; this new vision of magic is for the first time to be officially taken into account during the French revolution (legislation of 1791). Magic appears to be placed between possible transcendence and the omnipresent risk of swindling. This ambivalent social and epistemological position brings forth a specific form of inscription into space and time through which the dynamics of magical beliefs can be explored. In this sense, the "false witches" of the Paris police prove an interesting means to reconsider the history of 18th century urban life between imagination and material realilty
Hibou-Dugat, Juliette. "Le goût pour le XVIIIe siècle dans l'ébénisterie française au XIXe siècle (1839-1900)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040076.
Full textDuring the 19th century, decorative arts and particularly furniture were marked by a disconcerting polyphony of neo-styles. Around 1830, one can note a revival for 18th century styles, neo-styles which were probably the most durable, broadcast, symbolic and influent. These pastiches and copies of furniture bore marked aesthetic, historical, cultural, social and political values. Paradoxically, these styles born under the monarchy, became favoured by the new bourgeoisie and, under the Third Republic, symbolised the French national style. Throughout the century, the appearance and the evolution of this interest for the previous century is apparent in the study of both the knowledge and the image one had of the History and the Arts of the Age of Enlightenment, in the examination of the first collections of 18th century furniture, and in the analysis of the pieces presented at the national and universal exhibitions. This new aesthetic dominated in the eclectic interiors during the second half of the century. The ébénistes showed an unheard ingenuity and erudition in responding to this increasing demand in France, in Europe and in the United States. The quality of their work attests of their ability to adapt to new technical, stylistic and economical circumstances, while respecting the tradition of their craft. This taste and this production engendered critics and debates on the notion of style, on creativity and the importance of the tradition and modernity, forwarding the paradoxical role of these neo-styles in the beginnings of modernity
Seriu, Naoko. "Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Full textEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Lilti, Antoine. "Le monde des salons : la sociabilité mondaine à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010570.
Full textBressan, Thierry. "Le proces de la condition mainmortable en france et dans les etats voisins : 1661-1798." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070013.
Full textFrom the last third of the 17th century to its final abolition at the beginning of the revolutionary period, the "condit ion mainmortable", heir to the medieval corporeal serfdom, kept affecting a not inconsiderable number of french province s. It made it under different forms : regims of pure personal subjection, solely landed servitudes, or mixings of both. Moreover it rose up an important public trial, which is easily disclosed throught the contemporary literary output and jurisprudence. This wide arraignment, which the general plan of emancipation worked out by the "premier president" lamoi gnon opened, was at its zenith with the voltairian campaign against the chapter of saint-claude and, shortly after, the promulgation of the neckerian edict of august 1779. As a matter of fact, such an arraignment was at the crossing of three large-scale progressive movements: the movements for the unification of the customary laws, for the rehabilitation of juridical minorities and for the repurchase of manorial rights. . . Whence an undeniable intrinsic significance. It had got also obvious kinships, ramifications in the quasi-totality of borderlands, where the permanence of rather similar servile forms was quite as much, and even more, pronounced
Martinez, Fagundez Cesar. "Le contentieux des Officialités en France au XVIIIe siècle." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2003.
Full textIn my thesis i’ve been studying about Ecclesiastical courts in Spain and in France during the XVIIIth century : their organization, their procedures and mainly their their jurisdiction which is dealt with in both spheres ratione materiae and ratione personae. Studying the latter includes the privilegium fory of the clergy in the XVIIIth century. An important aspect of my task consist mainly of the study of benefices. This is why you can find in the yearly income of the bishop and the canons of Quimper and also the 282 vicars of the diocese of Cornouaille. In order to be able to know the purchasing power of this income, i calculated the cost of life in Quimper and in Cornouaille in the XVIIIth century. A long chapter is devoted to the conflicts of jurisdiction between the bishops of Quimper and the seculars judges of the same town, and the difference of opinion between the bishops of Saint-Pol-de-Leon and their canons. In the conclusion, I bring evidence on the reasons why Ecclesiastical Courts fell into decline in France in the XVIIIth century and why they are still extant flourishing in Spain
Beaurain, David. "L'art du portrait en France au dix-huitième siècle : l'image de la société et l'histoire d'un genre à travers la pratique, la critique et la diffusion." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010566.
Full textSkornicki, Arnault. "Les rationalisations politiques d’une "science nouvelle" : essai sur l’économie politique en France (1750-1776)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100203.
Full textThe present work focuses on the formation of political economy in France, in a key moment of its historical development, from Gournay to Turgot and passing by the Physiocrats. Far from emerging as a specialised and autonomous subject field/area, this “new science” became one of the leading modalities of the political discourse during the 18th century Enlightenment, to the extent of claiming, along with the Physiocrats, the monopoly over political knowledge. Drawing on an extended corpus of printed texts and archive sources, this essay in the social history of ideas enquires into the political dimension of economics, slightly overlooked nowadays. Its argument emphasizes the idea that the French Enlightenment’s political economy is not a mere philosophy of liberty, founded by scholars seduced by the concepts of reason and humanity; nor is it an ideology that universalizes the interests of the ascending bourgeoisie, but rather it represents a state knowledge that constituted itself against the royal court society and the privilege system. The main actors/agents in this knowledge system are men of letters and administrators engaged in a complex relationship to politics. Their « liberalism » is not to be understood as hostility towards the State, but rather as a political technology that conceives liberty as a modality of social regulation and science as a means of reestablishing the monarchy’s legitimacy. The institution of the competitive market, freed of privileges, was considered a means to reshape the elites, and thus, to rationalize the political order. Following Turgot’s ascension to power, political economy, the queen of the sciences, became thus the science of the kings
Michel-Evrard, Isabelle. "L' image dans le livre d'éducation en France (1762-1789) : instruire et plaire." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010635.
Full textPapas, Alexandre. "L'Islam en Asie centrale : étude d'une grande confrérie soufie du Turkestan oriental, la Naqshbandiyya Âfâqiyya (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0065.
Full textBased on a corpus of unpublished oriental hagiographical sources, the present study recounts the history of the most important Sufi order in the 17th and 18th century eastern Turkistan, the Naqshbandiyya äfâqiyya, and in particular his founder saint Âfâq Khwâja (1626-1694). This monograph studies firstly the dynastisation process and the scission of the holy masters (îshân) of the Naqshanbandiyya-Khwâjagan lineage; then it reconstructes the missionary exile of Âfâq Khwâja and his folowers through Lamaist Tibet and Qing China; it analyses the theocratic regime they have founded at their return in 1680 until the Manchu conquest; the thesis ends by an enquiry into the successors of the holy lineage and into attempts to retore Muslim theocracy until the 19th century. We consider the doctrinal aspects of this Sufi power called by us "ishanate" : it consists in a theologico-political utopia, which undertakes to respond to the social concerns
Marion, Michel. "Collections et collectionneurs de livres au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040157.
Full textIn the Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris, auction books catalogues are kept and also preserved: they are the basement of the present thesis. Book collectors, in their social condition, marriages, parents and locations, especially in the head town, are presented. Estates and royalties are evaluated too. Collections themselves are also presented, so in their global part than in their secular variations. Foreign editorial production, knowledge of European and nexs, which collectors used to study production are the aim of an analysis, so too the public auctions: books are very expensive. So we may say that collecting books is an advantage that only few could have
Perry, Laurence. "Le moulin et le meunier dans la société rurale auvergnate du XVIIIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF20002.
Full textJuridical, technical, economical study of millers trade - corn mills, hemp mills and oll mills- and of millers in the rural society in Auvergne during eighteenth century. The province of Auvergne counts a large majority of water mills, implicating many juridicals (water right) and geographical constraints. Technically, little mills with horizontal wheels are preponderants in montainous zones, they make millers trade in Auvergne a few remunerative activity and millers a social group without cohesion which place in society is mediocre
Agay, Frédéric d'. "Les officiers de marine provençaux au XVIIIème siècle : vers la formation d'un corps homogène de la noblesse provençale à la fin de l'Ancien Régime." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040265.
Full textDuring the eighteenth century, Provencal families have provided one thousand and two hundred naval officers including one hundred admirals. Provence is the most represented province in the royal navy. It seemed instructive to draw up a file of those naval officers. This enables us to find biographical elements, other offices, medals and pensions in addition to their naval and military career and to set them back to the Provencal nobility to which nearly all of them belong. This nobility is very peculiar with straight links with the Maltese order and the galleys of Marseille that Louis XIV picked to establish the naval officer corps. The familial pattern looks like a pyramid: at the end of the seventeenth century, the youngest son as a naval officer, then at the next generation, two or three nephews, finally at the end of the century, heads of families so as brothers and cousins. In order to gain ratings, pensions and honours of service, Provencal nobility intended to take up a career in its own corps. To officers with trading, shipping and administration background taking up a career in the royal navy means a step towards nobility
Wachenheim, Pierre. "Art et politique, langage pictural et sédition dans l'estampe sous le règne de Louis XV." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010623.
Full textDesombre, Villebrun Catherine. "Épistémologie et ontologie : une enquête sur la réception de l'empirisme en France au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040092.
Full textBeaurepaire, Pierre-Yves. "L'autre et le frère." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ARTO0006.
Full textTwo or three thousands foreigners visited masonic lodges in eighteenth century France. Foreign origins of freemasonry, its ideal of cosmopolitism and of universalism are well kown. However it is impossible, in a voluminous specialised bibliography dedicated to masonic sociability, to find a single article connected with foreign freemasons and their cultural mediations in France. Thanks to foreign masons, the founders ideal of 1717 was beginning to take shape. In spite of social, religious, cultural or linguistic differences, the other was recognized as a fellow. The masonic archivs in France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Germany and Russia bring an original contribution to the social and cultural study of the foreigners in early modern France. It is possible to follow british tourists, using the lodges' network as a logistic support abroad, scandinavian and german diplomats, helvetic merchants, irish students. . . During their peregrination in France. It is possible to piece together their different networks, and to precise their strategy of integration to the french society. At the end of the eighteenth century, it is clear that the genesis of nationalism and conservatism fought back masonic cosmopolitism as well as the cosmopolitan ideal of the Enlightenment
Vaandrager, Antony. "La carrière miltaire des ducs et pairs de France au 18e siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040181.
Full textThe military careers of the 200 dukes and peers of France that lived in the 18th century were determined not only by merit, but also by the king's favor and by the support of the minister of war. A successful military career, acceptable to public opinion, became more difficult to realize as the meaning of merit - a concept which at the beginning of the century applied only to competition within the nobility - developed into a value opposed to the privileges of birth. Military training, aimed at preparing the dukes and peers for the responsibilities of commanding a regiment, seems not to have been much structured. The dukes and peers made use of all their connexions, in order to accelerate this initial training and their first commissioning. The sum of the contributions of the dukes and peers to the king's service appears to be considerable. The 200 dukes campaigned more than 1300 times. Driven by a singular ambition, they were captured, wounded or killed as much as anybody else, or even more. The popular image of the effeminate courtier duke, incapable to adapt himself to a soldier's life, has not been confirmed by this research
Lyon-Caen, Nicolas. ""Marchands de miracles" : la bourgeoisie janséniste parisienne au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010528.
Full textJacquin, Frédéric Nicolas. "Le crime d'empoisonnement et son imaginaire dans la France du XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040114.
Full textIn the 19th century studying poisoning was carried out mainly by the " Positivist " school. Historians considered that the stories belonged to classic historiography as the expression of superstition which decreased in the 18th century. But the judicial archives of the jurisdiction of the Parliament in Paris revealed the existence of numerous poisoning affairs brought before the Court betwenn 1700 and 1790. The choice of our study was the choice of a history anxious to take into account people's imagination and the systems of representation those murders had developed. The discovery of poisoning was the cause of deep anguish combined with the image of a violent death. The observation on the bodies of the victims of lesions due very often to arsenic helped to create a terrifying atmosphere. Informed, the people of the law would go to the spot of the drama in order to certify the murder. During the investigations, the judges entrusted doctors with the task of doing the forensic examinations. But above all the gathering of material proof and evidence allowed to understand the context of every case. Considered as a food-linked murder, poisoning was very close to the skill of food preparation. Mixed to the daily meals poison would produce smells which created a very aggressive olfactory atmosphere opposed to the smell produced by sweet medecine. The inquieries to discover the culprit were based on plans born of people's imagination in which women were the main instigators of murders. Associated with the image of witchcraft, the stereotype of poisoner gradually broke with this image to be a model on his own right. Being the symbol of a despicable person, he was severely punished. But at the end of the 18th century, the act he was charged with was no longer associated with the idea of murder. The medical study showed that violent deaths could be due to natural intoxication
Vergne, Arnaud. "La notion de constitution d'après la pratique institutionnelle à la fin de l'Ancien Régime : 1750-1789." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020044.
Full textSlimani, Ahmed. "La modernité du concept de nation au XVIIIème siècle (1715-1789) : apports des thèses parlementaires et des idées politiques du temps." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32054.
Full textBedel, Vanina. "La maréchaussée dans la généralité de Guyenne au XVIIIème siècle : 1720-1790." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40014.
Full textThe French Maréchaussée was at the origin of the Gendarmerie Nationale. In the eighteen-century, the maréchaussée experienced its main reforms, which structured and militarized it and turned it into a police force present in the countryside of the realm, a feature that it retained after the French Revolution. The royalty made it a police institution at its service without depriving it from its jurisdictional character. The Company of Guyenne, as far back as 1720, settled in the généralité, the capital of which is Bordeaux. The history of the maréchaussée then became a history of its dealings with different local authorities, administrative and judicial, of the increase of its mission of police, and of the decline of its jurisdictional action, considered, wrongly, as expeditious and arbitrary. The maréchaussée had then to find a place in the institutional intricacy of the Ancient Regime, at the crossroads of the centralizing policy of the monarchy, the " judiciary imbroglio ", of the political, military and economic crises that shake the century, and of the reality of its daily practical experience
Le, Meur Cyril. "Les moralistes français et la politique à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040116.
Full textBrouillet, Pascal. "La Maréchaussée dans la généralité de Paris au XVIIIe siècle (1718-1791) : étude institutionnelle et sociale." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4033.
Full textCoronat-Faure, Raphaële. "Naissance de la critique musicale en France : 1750-1774." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081597.
Full textCoulomb, Clarisse. "Les pères de la Patrie : la société parlementaire en Dauphiné au temps des Lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0116.
Full textCoccio, Valérie. "La terre et les juristes dans la Lorraine ducale au XVIIIe siècle." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN20010.
Full textClarke, de Dromantin Patrick. "La noblesse jacobite au service de la France au XVIIIe siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30008.
Full textAfter "The Glorious Revolution" of 1688 and the fall of James II, more than 50 000 of his followers, most of them being Irish catholics, had to fly from persecution and find refuge in France where they showed the same energy as the French Huguenots in countries they went to. Our subject matter in insertion of these Irish refugees into the elite of France. This insertion was both civil and social , involving the acquisition of citizenship, accesss to the nobolity, marriage, alliances and standard of living. It also concerned professional soldiering, the Church, the upper level of the civil service, trade and industry as well as the influence of the jacobites on the attitudes of the French nobility, which partly through their influence was brought to participate more actively in the economic development of the kindom of France. Lastly, this thesis ends with an evocation of what for the jacobites were the further trials of seven years war and the Revolution of 1789
Cesarini-Dasso, Marie-Josée. "La criminalité féminine dans la société corse de 1768 à 1789 à travers les archives judiciaires." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0006.
Full textCachau, Philippe. "Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne, dernier des Mansart (1711-1778)." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010548.
Full textCroq, Laurence. "Les "bourgeois de Paris" au XVIIIe siècle : identification d'une catégorie sociale polymorphe." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010518.
Full textThis essay on the "Bourgeois de Paris" aims at determining meanings and uses of this qualification in literature and political, religious and social Parisian life from louis xiv to the french revolution. Enlightenment's literature distinguishs the "Bourgeois" on one part, nobility and popular classes on the other part, by their socio-cultural practices and their mentalities. There are a lot of groups of "Bourgeois de Paris" which are different because each gather fellows whose profession, degree of integration in the capital. . . Are not similar. When these men have a common status, they are associated to institutions inherited from middle age (municipality, confraternity of notre-dame for the "Bourgeois de Paris"), or they are integrated in legal or fiscal hierarchies (individual privileges, poll-tax). The theorical definition of these groups can be constant since their creation (the wide corporation of "Bourgeois de Paris" has been defined as inhabitants living in Paris since one year and one day, nobles and roturiers take part of it), il has sometimes changes because of financial needings of monarchy or wish of a social group (tradesman of "six corps" monopolize aldermanship). Socio-professionnal groups whose members use their latent status of "Bourgeois de Paris" can too change (nobles and members of parliament are less numerous in eighteenth century as electors of the two aldermen and as colleagues in the confraternity notre-dame). The "Bourgeois de Paris" who qualify themselves then in civil and professionnal acts, essentially notarial, are belonging to professionnal groups which are excluded de facto or de jure from collectives and individual privileges of homonymous groups : servents in work or retired, and others workers (as rents receivers), they choose this title instead of the name of their job
Pigeon, Jérôme. "L'intendant de Rouen, juge du contentieux fiscal au XVIIIème siècle." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED009.
Full textAs soon as the middle of the eighteenth century, the "intendants" supplanted the financial institutions in the "generalites" and received a large part of their powers. A great part of the fiscal matters in dispute was attributed to them. The intendants of the "generalite" of Rouen , country of "elections", had large powers in this matter. They had to judge about the direct taxation and a lot of disputes about excise taxes. When they processed in fiscal matters, the "intendants" of Rouen showed great moderation and proficiency. This research strives to bring to light that, during the eighteenth century, the accusation of arbitrariness charged against the "intendants" must be strongly tinged, and that the chief elements of an administrative jurisdiction were present. Scrupulously controlled by the King's Council, where the appeals from their sentences were brought, "intendants" of Rouen sometimes were opposed to the government, the most frequently in order to hold the interests of the private persons and their circumscription
Salaün, Franck. "L'ordre des moeurs : essai sur la place du matérialisme dans la société française du XVIIIe siècle (1734-1784)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010662.
Full textThis study emphasizes the importance of materialism during the Enlightenment, between Voltaire's Lettres philosophiques and the death of Diderot. The history of the word and the idea, as well as the archeology of the phenomenon, reveal the essential role played by materialistic trends in the change of practices and standards ideas in eighteen-century France
Ishikawa, Yumiko. "L'opéra-ballet des Indes galantes (1735) aux Fêtes d'Hébé (1739)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040279.
Full textThis thesis aims to study eight consecutive French opera-ballets from les Indes galantes (1735) to Les Fêtes d'Hébé (1739). The history of this type of lyrical work between 1695 and 1773 culminates in a significant quantity of creative works, on the one hand, and the standardization of a model-type, on the other. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first one examines what "opera-ballet" is, in comparison with the other forms: "tragédie lyrique", "fragments". This first section traces its evolution and its basic traits. The second focuses on the literary aspects of opera-ballet: librettos, librettists and the dramatic scenarios of eight works. The third section deals with the musical aspects of opera-ballet: scores, composers and styles. This study consequently establishes that there are three periods in the history of opera-ballet, of which the second, the only one concerned here, represents its model-type, the most common, that the standardization of a model and the wide range of subjects coexist in this period and, lastly, that the musical particularity exists in the frequent use of the mesured rhythm in recitatives and in the danse rhythms used in the song "airs", vocal ensembles and "symphonies"