Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Confrontation au réel de la mort'
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Caulier, Caroline. "Les anamorphoses du réel dans l'oeuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Woody Allen : l'Amor / la mort du réel." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5011.
Full textWoody Allen is best known as a comedian and film-maker, prone to make and appear in comedies, both "mere" comedies or dramatic comedies. It has become a well-known fact that his work has been much inspired by both American and European cinemas. However his work also implies writing pieces, which share some characteristics with the films he is famous for. One of them is the link between reality and fantasy, more specifically the place man gives to artistic substitutes to undergo and understand reality, starting with his own being as a man and as a potential artist. Thus this work means to pay tribute to the whole work of Woody Allen under a scope which should highlight the very rich literary and artistic intertextuality of Allen's work as well as the depth of his insights on the subject
Blondelot, Xavier. "Une société sans mort : conséquences du rejet de la mort sur la clinique contemporaine." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20033.
Full textThis research explores the origins of the rejection of death, in order to examine its repercussions on subjectivity and its effects on the social bond in contemporary society. Since the dawn of modernity, there has been a tendency to denigrate death, to throw it into the scrap heap of a parlêtre [speaking being] that has been identified with the individual. Death as taboo, death as forbidden, the denial of death: there is no dearth of words to describe the alterity of death in modern science and its capitalist discourse. The contemporary psychoanalytic treatment of death and its vagaries are put into perspective both by a wide-ranging reading that appeals to the fields of history, anthropology, sociology, philosophy and literature, and especially by highlighting the singularities of and discourses concerning death. This exploration also examines ceremonies surrounding death, the rejection of these and the artifacts that have come to replace them; such artifacts are located between misanthropy, for which a post-humanist ideology provides a basis, and a recycling that is typical of the capitalist economy. The vicissitudes of death in our era are marked by an ever-greater wildness and by a movement from a death that is subjected to metaphor to a death that is consumed, a movement that carries the major risks of abandoning the body rendering death impossible to subjectivize. One of the central questions thus concerns the way that subjects succeed in dealing with death and matters related to it through inventing a singular solution for dealing with loss, with love as a compensation—in order for something of the social bond to be maintained in the age of amort [lifelessness]
Tambikissa, Germain. "Le Discours traditionnel sur la maladie et la mort chez les Kongo du Niari : interrogation ethique, confrontation théologique." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1078.
Full textOur thesis is entitled: "Traditional discourse on disease and death among the Kongo Niari: ethical questions, theological confrontation". The expectations of Christian populations on issues of healing allow us to catch attempts to reconstruct the imaginary around a mythical reading of the Bible within the conflict between tradition and modernity. When the latter takes place, it is an invitation to reflect on inculturation in the symbolic modern African universe. The objective is to move from one mythical reading to a hermeneutic dynamic reading, which affirms the similarities between the bible and cultures, but which poses disruptions which occur when the word of god is addressed to any culture. The universal Church is invited to re-read about its origins, its tradition. Salvation in Jesus Christ brings to completion all the expectations written at the heart of the history of each people. God's salvation in Jesus Christ took flesh in the historical context of men, but it still comes from above. It also depends on the cross. The latter is interpreted in the Kongo and more generally African context, governed by the power of the sorcerer, as an emergence of humanity in which relations between men are no longer controlled by the balance of power or by the manipulation of mystical forces, but by salvation, resurrection and superabundance of life which give different healings. The proclamation of salvation brought by Christ, dead and risen, calls us to find more appropriate ways to tell the solidarity of the Savior with the poor, the sick
Dubois, Catherine. "L'anti-tragédie ou le ravage du réel : l'humain, l'inconscient, la Chose." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30017.
Full textThe natural death as it may seem does not reflect a phenomenon insured under the human condition. It requires a subjective inscription, both in terms of the psyche that the soma, so that the individual can be subject of the unconscious. It is indeed by the field of the tragic process that registration is possible. How to approach then? The tragic sense would it be related to the unconscious? The unconscious thought as the discourse of the Other, the big Other as it is defined by the place of existential test subject correlated to the revelation of her sex and contingency of his being through the experience of symbolic thought. Psychoanalytic dialectic since the first discovery of the theory of genitality to our recent discoveries combines sex and death in an effort to implement what determines the speaking on the path of life
Cedile, Elisabeth. "Etude évolutive de la dissociation péri-traumatique chez des victimes confrontées au Réel de la mort dans le cadre d'actes terroristes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR025.
Full textThis research studied the psychological evolution of nine direct victims of the terrorist attacks that struck Paris in 2015 and whose symptoms were, at first glance, atypical, or even non-existent. While the symptomatologies of post-traumatic stress disorder are commonly recognised, both by carers and legal bodies involved in physical injury compensation, peri and post-traumatic dissociative disorders, when they are identified, are never perceived as anything other than periods of latency, predicting future severe post-traumatic stress disorder.The psychological evolution of the nine direct victims lacking apparent typical symptoms was thus studied based on the content of clinical interviews carried out three months and eighteen months after the attacks, backed by two assessments using the PCLS rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. This study has enabled us to show that with some subjects the confrontation with the real of death occurred in such violence that it triggered archaic defence mechanisms, such as denial of the dread as described by Lebigot (2005) then splitting, and not the typical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder. With two-thirds of the subjects, it was shown that reassociation through language and a return to the process of symbolisation were still possible, without a pathologic breakdown, by respecting a slow progression towards the formulation of the trauma as part of continuous and substantiated therapeutic relationships. However, with one third of subjects the permanence of such clinical presentations, i.e. asymptomatic for two of them or characterised by dissociative amnesia for one of them, made it impossible to determine the adaptive and non-pathological character of such dissociative mechanisms. Nevertheless, the combined results show there is a need to learn more about the meaning, identification and function of these mechanisms which are not always identified, precisely because of their cause which excludes all ability on the part of victims to express themselves, but which nonetheless require that appropriate treatment be offered
Quistrebert, Yohann. "Pour un statut fondateur de la victime psychologique en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G001.
Full textThe psychological impact of the events, which are the source of responsibility, be they acts of terrorism, loss of a loved one, psychological harassment, is specific to characteristics both protean and invisible. The first among them is due to the fact that in psychological matter injuries and the resulting suffering are both varied. As such, from the injury point of view, certain events will prove to be more traumatizing than others. Principally those during which the subject has been faced with his own death. Concerning suffering, a subject can as well emotionally suffer a change in his own integrity – for example the physical one with a diagnosis of a serious illness – that of a sort damage which affects that of a loved one (e.g. death or handicap). Then, the impact is considered invisible. It appears much more simple indeed, to identify harm to physical integrity as a harm to psychic integrity. More so, certain psychological harms are totally imperceptible by reason of their eminently diffuse characteristic. The object of this demonstration is therefore to know how civil liability law will comprehend the victim of such a psychological impact. Its comprehension will be particular given the inevitable interaction between the judicial and psychological spheres.In order to better understand this, we will first propose a conceptualization of the psychological victim that blends into psychopathological reality. Two major distinctions feed this thought. One is legal nature, which relates to the distinction between prejudice and harm. The other is psychopathological in nature which opposes emotional shock and psychic trauma. Their intertwining allows us to elaborate different cases of manifestation of psychological suffering and define the contours of the qualities of the victim. Secondly, regarding compensation for a psychological victim, both the appreciation and the evaluation of these prejudices will be examined. The repercussions of psychic trauma, or even emotional shock can sometimes be so grave that compensation cannot restrict itself only to the experienced suffering. Consequences of different natures, for example patrimonial ones, must be taken into consideration. To this end, a division of the prejudices of the psychological victim should be put in place. Distinct rules of compensation will be established based on the prejudice endured. A prejudice presumed, originating notably from a harm, cannot logically be compensated in the same fashion as non-presumable prejudices that require a forensic assessment. In short, the system of compensation must be in phase with the system of disclosure of suffering that has been previously established. As a result, this study proposes to construct a true founding status of a psychological victim. Once this principal notion has been completely conceptualized, we can use it to create a rational compensation scheme
Figuiere, Natalia. "Les causes sociales de la difficulté d’être dans "Une vie", "Pierre et Jean", "Mont-Oriol", "Fort comme la mort" de Guy de Maupassant et dans "Crime et châtiment", "L’idiot" de Fédor Dostoïevski." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20016.
Full textOr a French reader, familiar with? Writing Maupassant, who studied of? works of Dostoevsky, a finding? requires: similarities among two writers are difficult to perceive and specify the first reading, but by comparing in detail the two writers, their correspondence becoming increasingly important. It should be noted that little? Writers heroes presented as complex and strange than Dostoyevsky. N those of Maupassant? Have no relief from these figures dostoïevskiennes, not can be no question to measure each other. We will only our attention to the affinities that? they may have. A comparative study from Fyodor Dostoevsky and Guy de Maupassant is possible to a whole new level: an atmosphere "feverish," a life of? intensity leaving l? usually prevail in the world that? they created. C? Is this world that has attracted our attention to this analysis. We could find matches caused by "trends" General century but their also l? atmosphere in which they lived. L? Author and slave? Writer French close in their lives full of suffering, by beliefs that? they stood among their contemporaries, and by tragic difficulties in which they struggled tirelessly. A another point of "encounter" our two authors: both are distinguished writers who are their contemporaries, and realistic naturalists. Dostoyevsky and Maupassant does? Not attach to the ugliness of the life, but they prefer to enter into its depths and inform its mysteries. They are psychologists and studies that? They left us n? Have not only aesthetic, but also a value of? human observation. The theme of "The social machine," in A Life, Mont-Oriol, Pierre et Jean, Fort like death and Crime and Punishment, L? Idiot, as in most major themes of literature, do is not new. But l? Time of our two authors, the problem of "the social machine which crushes l? individual by his" infernal power, experiencing a rapid expansion. At that time, it takes a unprecedented way. If earlier, suffering from? Man was linked to causes intérieures now in Guy de Maupassant and Fyodor Dostoevsky, it depends on external causes. The development of psychological? Individual d appears to be related? an irretrievable to the social environment. The appearances of sense of? anxiety and the difficulty? be considered are as dependent on social causes. In the novels, chosen for our corpus, The "social machine" s? Grants the right to transgress all laws, human laws and the same natural laws. Maupassant and Dostoevsky are many characters, more opportunities for the measure? developments their inexorable decline, l? heinous ravage their lives by society. Not wanting to restore? Person's full rights, society condemned to? isolation. In both authors, there is realism "Amazing" in the solitude of men loneliness that seems to be pushed its climax. Confrontation with social reality is created in? Soul the heroes, hitherto unsuspected feelings and those of? anguish, mixed with terror. The reality of the social causes fear preventing uncontrolled d hero? act negating their will. Maupassant and Dostoevsky, lifesaving, the suffering, the souls of their characters, minds which have experienced because of the social machine, "the torments of? hell and tribulations of purgatory. Both authors offer a possibility of leakage
Barbu, Andra. "La mort et son cadavre : qu'en dit la littérature ? Lectures du corps mort dans des cuentos hispano-américains contemporains." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR113.
Full textThis work explores the dead body as it is represented in a number of contemporary Latin American cuentos in order to establish a typology of the different reactions of human beings in general when faced with death. I suggest that literature reproduces a limited number of universal behaviours in this situation and thus it gives readers a fairly reliable inventory of the attitudes that they, like the characters, are likely to adopt.The corpse as a protagonist of the short stories discussed here has been selected because it is the only concrete and palpable image of death and that, by its repulsive appearance, it represents a terrible source of fear which conditions and alters any intention of peacefully trying to come to terms with it. The theoretical framework of the literary possible worlds whereby fiction is seen as a potential experience, and the formal characteristics of the cuento, such as its reduced, self-contained nature, allow the text to be read as a funerary space where all these fictional dead bodies lie. The reader is thus brought into close contact to the dying/dead, cold, putrid, stinking, dismembered or embalmed body and the literary experiences he/she goes through help him/her to come to grips with the frightening reality of death
Sabeuya, Betbeui Carine. "Jeux et enjeux des discours rapportés dans cinq romans de Guy de Maupassant : le cas des discours directs dans Bel-Ami, Une vie, Pierre et Jean, Fort comme la mort et Notre cœur." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG0985/document.
Full textThis work discusses how the system of direct speeches in five novels of Maupassant functions. It is rooted in the theoretical works of Bakhtin and on the epistemological developments of Bres which are developed on an operating framework elaborated by Authier-Revuz: the heterogeneity shown. Of the modalities of this heterogeneity, we have targeted direct and narrative discourses. We have analysed this system using the quantitative stylistic approach alongside the qualitative analyses presented. We have scrutinised the syntactic mechanisms of the introductory segments of direct speech, emphasizing their construction, semantic categories, and verb initiatives. These indicators were subsequently reinvested to analyse the functions of narrative discourses and direct speeches. At the end of the day, we made a number of conclusions. We have already seen the segment presenting narrative descriptive, illocutionary and perlocutory values dependent on the linguistic resources involved. As for direct speeches, they have linguistic and enunciative functions. The linguistic function involves language use with at the same time the feelings of the characters and also certain situations of communication. The enunciative function is essentially based on the impressive, expressive and interlocative values of the characters. The representation of the phenomena observed allows all the concurrent functions to search for the referential illusion by Maupassant through the system of speech integrated into the plot of the story
De, Leener Philippe. "Prise de conscience, activité et développement : le métier d'agent du développement local en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0454.
Full textA clinical research has been carried out in the footsteps of a long-term intervention in Niger aiming at better understanding the profession of field officer in rural development in South Niger. Getting finely aware of one’s own professional activity does not necessarily lead to any development. The insight is not developmental per se. For such a development to occur, “the real of the activity” (this inner part of the activity made up by all the suspended possibilities and impossibilities likely to be operated but nevertheless not operated yet) has to be developed beforehand. The thesis conceives human and psychic development as the process of generating a new class (logically speaking). The “joint-development” hypothesis is one the promising outcome of the research. During a self-confrontation session, the development of the subject’ activity seems to be closely linked to the development of the researcher’s activity so that they could be mutually influenced by the awareness raising process (provided the development process of their respective “real of the activity” be thoroughly launched)
Maillard, Benoît. "Clinique de la maladie létale : de l'effraction corporelle à la réponse du sujet." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599280.
Full textLaliere, Frédéric. "Mise en lumière du concept transversal de saisine en droit civil (droit réel de posséder et vecteur de transfert des droits réels) et sa déclinaison dans la saisine héréditaire - Le mort saisit le vif." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/287574.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Cordier, Valérie. "Prise en compte des singularités des utilisateurs dans l’apprentissage et alignement réel des usages de nouveaux systèmes d’information en présence d’un inédit opérationnel." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC006.
Full textThis thesis is positioned in the context of the tension between the organizational purpose as intentionally defined by the top manager and internalized by the management, and the mobilization or not of the singularities of operational employees to contribute to the alignment on the expected effects. More precisely, our work aims to explore the link, and the underlying tensions, between the consideration of singularities, linked to professional and personal background, in learning, and the real alignment of the uses of new information systems (IS) in the presence of an operational novelty (unanticipated, unexpected). The literature review has led us to gradually raise several tensions: between robust, structuring and new operational information systems; between user and organizational singularities in the alignment of uses against the new; between user and organizational singularities in learning to overcome the new and contribute to alignment. Our reflection has gradually shifted towards a questioning not dealt with in the literature, apart from insights into the educational sciences: how, and in what tensions, does the organisation take into account the singularities of users in the design and implementation of learning make it possible to overcome the unprecedented with efficiency in order to contribute to the alignment of the uses of new IS with the expected organisational and managerial effects? Our exploratory process continued in the field guided by subquestions that constitute our questioning. The data collection by semi-directive interviews was carried out with different targets (company manager, manager, human resources manager, trainer, user). The qualitative analysis provided additional insights. The results confirm the interest of focusing on individual singularities but also the lack of consideration in the organisation, in the tensions linked to the vision of the new unanticipated, of alignment, of the individual, of learning, in the tension between control and autonomy. Is it a denial of the individual? of the real novelty? of an organized learning vision, intended to acquire skills according to reference frames, and not the development of the ability to "face"? of a vision of alignment aiming at compliance with the prescribed and not "doing it in addition"?
Riedlin, Frédérique. "Penser l'incroyance pour penser notre temps : logiques du croire et du savoir dans une société qui a proclamé successivement "la mort de Dieu", "la fin des idéologies", et la "chute de la fonction paternelle", à partir de la subversion psychanalytique : ouvrir un champ, élaborer une clinique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC299.
Full textWhat about disbelief in a society, in a culture that proclaimed 'the death of God' in its philosophy, 'the end of ideologies' in its political theory, 'the fall of father function' in its psychological and anthropological theories ? Was it simply the effect of a post-traumatic defense against the traumatisms of the last century and the precarity of the future? Or is it a real structural modification of our symbolic system? Our statement is that the psychoanalytic approach, precisely Freud and Lacan's approaches of belief and disbelief, both obvious and latent in their theories, led to the possibility of subverting a reductive and common sense of atheism, and thinking the founding principles of a contemporary disbelief, beyond its only religious or psychological dimension, between challenge, default and defeat, as a symptom of our times but also as the invention of a new approach of the real, based on the opening of a new research field, that we'll call after Lacan's expression « beyond the divine logic » Our approach from there, is to identify and lay the groundwork of this field, first by excavating the psychics fundamentals of belief and disbelief, then by working on the articulations and the demarcations between scientific and psychoanalytic disbelief through lacanian references to Descartes, Cantor, and Joyce, to finally develop the first psychological, clinical, philosophical, and social implications and applications of this field
Vachon, Mélanie. "Vivre au chevet de la mort : une analyse phénoménologique et interprétative de l’expérience spirituelle et existentielle d’infirmières qui accompagnent des patients en fin de vie." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4393.
Full textThe global objective of this thesis is to develop a better understanding of how health care providers psychologically negotiate death proximity, given the common contextual tendencies towards denial of death. To address this objective, we suggest an in-depth exploration of the spiritual and existential experience of palliative care nurses. This thesis is comprised of three articles. The first article is a systematic and exhaustive conceptual analysis of the empirical literature that provides an integrative definition of the concept of spirituality at the end of life. The resulting synthesis suggests that spirituality can be defined as “developmental and conscious process, characterized by two movements of transcendence; either deep within the self or beyond the self.” The objectives of the second article are to derive a better understanding of (a) how palliative care nurses handle daily confrontation with death, and (b) the spiritual and existential dimensions of their experience. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 palliative care nurses. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the data allowed the emergence of a typology that described three modes of affective regulation of death confrontation: “Integrating death”, “fighting death”, and “suffering death”. Furthermore, the results suggest a potential relationship between these three factors: (a) nurses’ affective regulation, (b) spiritual-existential experiences' and (3) intersubjective regulation in relationship with patients. The third article describes the effects of a Meaning-Centered Intervention on the spiritual and existential dimensions of nurses’ experience, both at a personal and at a professional level. Ten nurses were interviewed individually after participating in a group Meaning-Centered Intervention. From the nurses’ point of view, the intervention helped them to enlarge their spiritual and existential awareness by encouraging them to become more conscious of (a) the finiteness of life, (2) the sources of meaning in life, (3) the meaning of suffering and (4) the impact of mindfulness. Moreover, participants reported to have benefited from the containing function of the group experience by developing a common language and feeling validated through sharing their experience with peers. In conclusion, our results indicate the importance of individual differences in the psychological mechanisms involved in nurses’ experience of confrontation with death. Taken as a whole, the findings of the three articles suggest a coherent conceptual link between the role of death confrontation in the development of spiritual and existential experiences for palliative care nurses.
Hamdi, Houda. "The dialogic and the carnivalesque in Beloved and Jazz by Toni Morrison." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7979.
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