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Journal articles on the topic 'Confusion Assessment Method'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Inouye, Sharon K. "Clarifying Confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method." Annals of Internal Medicine 113, no. 12 (December 15, 1990): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941.

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2

Waszynski, Christine M. "Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20020401-04.

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3

Jackson, James C., and E. Wesley Ely. "The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 18, no. 6 (2003): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.872.

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4

Inouye, S. K. "Correction: Table on the Confusion Assessment Method." Annals of Internal Medicine 114, no. 5 (March 1, 1991): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-5-433_2.

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5

Tsuruta, Ryosuke. "The confusion assessment method for the ICU." Journal of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine 14, no. 2 (2007): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.14.229.

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6

Schümmelfeder, Frank. "Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) – an instrument for the diagnosis of acute Confusion." Connect: The World of Critical Care Nursing 3, no. 3 (September 2004): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1748-6254.3.3.74.

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7

Antoine, V., J. Belmin, H. Blain, S. Bonin-Guillaume, L. Goldsmith, O. Guerin, M. J. Kergoat, et al. "Adaptation transculturelle francophone de la Confusion Assessment Method." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 66, no. 3 (May 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2018.01.133.

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8

Caino de Oliveira, Felipe Rezende, Orlei Ribeiro de Araujo, and Werther Brunow de Carvalho. "Is Delirium Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method Tools Confiable?" Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 21, no. 4 (April 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000002284.

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9

Smith, Heidi A. B., Maalobeeka Gangopadhyay, Christina M. Goben, Natalie L. Jacobowski, Mary Hamilton Chestnut, Shane Savage, Michael T. Rutherford, et al. "The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU." Critical Care Medicine 44, no. 3 (March 2016): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001428.

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10

Laplante, Johanne, and Martin G. Cole. "DETECTION OF DELIRIUM USING THE CONFUSION ASSESSMENT METHOD." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 27, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20010901-05.

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Vörösová, Gabriela. "The CAM method for assessment of acute confusion." Profese online 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/pol.2011.008.

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12

Steis, Melinda R., Lois Evans, Karen B. Hirschman, Alexandra Hanlon, Donna M. Fick, Nina Flanagan, and Sharon K. Inouye. "Screening for Delirium Using Family Caregivers: Convergent Validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method and Interviewer-Rated Confusion Assessment Method." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 60, no. 11 (October 5, 2012): 2121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04200.x.

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13

McNicoll, Lynn, Margaret A. Pisani, E. Wesley Ely, David Gifford, and Sharon K. Inouye. "Detection of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: Comparison of Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit with Confusion Assessment Method Ratings." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53, no. 3 (March 2005): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53171.x.

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14

Flanagan, Nina M., and Gale Spencer. "Informal caregivers and detection of delirium in postacute care: a correlational study of the confusion assessment method (CAM), confusion assessment method-family assessment method (CAM-FAM) and DSM-IV criteria." International Journal of Older People Nursing 11, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opn.12106.

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15

Wei, Leslie A., Michael A. Fearing, Eliezer J. Sternberg, and Sharon K. Inouye. "The Confusion Assessment Method: A Systematic Review of Current Usage." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 56, no. 5 (May 2008): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01674.x.

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16

Klugkist, M., B. Sedemund-Adib, C. Schmidtke, P. Schmucker, H. H. Sievers, and M. Hüppe. "Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)." Der Anaesthesist 57, no. 5 (March 16, 2008): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1356-4.

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17

Alpert, Sofiia. "THE NEW METHOD FOR ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF IMAGE CLASSIFICATION OBTAINED USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES BASED ON A WEIGHTED CONFUSION MATRIX AND ITS ACCURACY COEFFICIENTS." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 45 (March 1, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2021.45.82-88.

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The proposed new method for accuracy assessment of image classification in UAV-based Remote Sensing can be applied in solution of different ecological and practical tasks. Nowadays thematic maps play an important role in solution of different remote sensing tasks. Thematic maps are applied for forest classification, determing of soil types and properties, environmental monitoring, exploring of oil and gas. That’s why the accuracy assessment is necessary to evaluate the quality of thematic maps. It is important to know the accuracy of thematic maps before they are used for further scientific investigations. Users and producers of maps compare several maps to see which is best, or to check how well they agree. It was proposed to use Weighted confusion matrix for accuracy assessment of thematic maps. Proposed Weighted confusion matrix was considered with Confusion matrix. It was noted, that Confusion matrix needs in large samples and can not take into account the “seriousness” of errors. It also were shown main advantages of Weighted confusion matrix. It was noted, that Weighted confusion matrix gives different weights for different mistakes of classification. Proposed Weighted confusion matrix gives a partial credit for classification results. This property of the Weighted confusion matrix is very important, when not all mistakes are equally serious and rough for user. Proposed method uses the Weights matrix for Confusion matrix that contains weights for each element in the Confusion matrix. Accuracy coefficient of the Weighted confusion matrix, such as: Overall accuracy, User’s accuracy, Producer’s accuracy and Weighted average of the weights for each class and their main properties were described in this work too. It was also considered a numerical example of calculation of accuracy coefficients of Weighted confusion matrix. This proposed new method for accuracy assessment of image classification can be applied in land-cover classification, environmental monitoring, exploring for minerals, numerous agricultural tasks.
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18

Khor, Ong, Tan, Low, Saedon, Tan, Chin, Kamaruzzaman, and Tan. "Assessment of Delirium Using the Confusion Assessment Method in Older Adult Inpatients in Malaysia." Geriatrics 4, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics4030052.

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The detection of delirium in acutely ill older patients is challenging with the lack of informants and the necessity to identify subtle and fluctuating signs. We conducted a cross-sectional study among older patients admitted to a university hospital in Malaysia to determine the presence, characteristics, and mortality outcomes of delirium. Consecutive patients aged ≥65years admitted to acute medical wards were recruited from August to September 2016. Cognitive screening was performed using the mini-mental test examination (MMSE) and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The CAM-Severity (CAM-S) score was also performed in all patients. Of 161 patients recruited, 43 (26.7%) had delirium. At least one feature of delirium from the CAM-S short and long severity scores were present in 48.4% and 67.1%, respectively. Older age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14), immobility (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.18–8.50), cognitive impairment (OR: 5.04, 95% CI: 2.07–12.24), and malnutrition (OR: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.15–9.85) were significantly associated with delirium. Older patients with delirium had a higher risk of mortality (OR: 7.87, 95% CI: 2.42–25.57). Delirium is common among older patients in our setting. A large proportion of patients had altered mental status on admission to hospital although they did not fulfill the CAM criteria of delirium. This should prompt further studies on strategies to identify delirium and the use of newer, more appropriate assessment tools in this group of vulnerable individuals.
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19

Khan, Babar A., Anthony J. Perkins, Sujuan Gao, Siu L. Hui, Noll L. Campbell, Mark O. Farber, Linda L. Chlan, and Malaz A. Boustani. "The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU-7 Delirium Severity Scale." Critical Care Medicine 45, no. 5 (May 2017): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002368.

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20

Ryan, K., M. Leonard, S. Guerin, S. Donnelly, M. Conroy, and D. Meagher. "Validation of the confusion assessment method in the palliative care setting." Palliative Medicine 23, no. 1 (November 14, 2008): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216308099210.

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21

Sampaio, Francisco, and Carlos Sequeira. "Tradução e validação do Confusion Assessment Method para a população portuguesa." Revista de Enfermagem Referência III Série, no. 9 (March 29, 2013): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12707/riii12127.

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22

Lemiengre, Joke, Tine Nelis, Etienne Joosten, Tom Braes, Marquis Foreman, Chris Gastmans, and Koen Milisen. "Detection of Delirium by Bedside Nurses Using the Confusion Assessment Method." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54, no. 4 (April 2006): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00667.x.

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23

Outen, Katharine, and Bimbola Fola Akintade. "Implementation of the Confusion Assessment Method for Noncritically Ill Adult Patients." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 31, no. 4 (December 2019): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2019.07.002.

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24

Bickel, Horst. "Deutsche Version der Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) zur Diagnose eines Delirs." Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie 1, no. 3 (July 2007): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11800-007-0041-9.

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25

Martins, S., M. R. Simões, and L. Fernandes. "Delirium in older adults: assessment scales review." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72193-9.

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IntroductionDelirium is characterized by the rapid onset of symptoms which fluctuate, with an altered level of consciousness, global disturbance of cognition, perceptual abnormalities and evidence of a physical cause (DSM-IV-R, 2002).AimTo review the characteristics and psychometric properties of thirteen Delirium scales available in research and clinical practice.MethodsMEDLINE database was used to identify the delirium scales in use (1990–2010), using the keywords: delirium, confusion, questionnaires, scales, severity and screening. Only validation studies were included. Exclusion criteria were children and alcohol/drug delirium assessment scales. This study included seven screening scales: Confusion Assessment Method, Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, Delirium Symptom Interview, NEECHAM Confusion Scale, Cognitive Test for Delirium, Delirium Observation Screening, Nursing Delirium Screening Scale and seven severity scales: Delirium Rating Scale, Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, Confusional State Evaluation, Delirium Severity Scale, Delirium Index and Delirium-O-Meter.ResultsThe majority of scales were based on the Diagnosis Statistical Manual Criteria as well as on a review of selected symptoms of Delirium informed by systematic clinical observation and formal brief assessment of mental status. In most of the studies, for psychometric analysis, the inter-rater reliability and validity with severity of Delirium assessment and cognitive screening tests were used.ConclusionBearing in mind the recent review studies included, we can conclude that CAM is the most widely used instrument for delirium assessment.
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26

Van Rompaey, B., L. Bossaert, L. Shortridge-Bagett, M. Schuurmans, and S. Truijen. "A comparison of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit and the NEECHAM confusion scale in intensive care delirium assessment." Critical Care 11, Suppl 2 (2007): P419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc5579.

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27

P, Myagmartseren, and Myagmarjav I. "CROPLAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT AND CONFUSION MATRIX EVALUATION WITH GIS." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21, no. 02 (February 6, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.911.

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Aim of the research is to test multi-criteria method for suitability valuation with GIS method in cropland of Bornuur, Mongolia. The research has following steps: (i) to value the suitable land for cropland with basic condition (constraint mapping) (ii) to value the suitable land with Multi-criteria (factor mapping) analysis; iii) to check the integrated suitability assessment image with confusion matrix. Basic condition or constraint map is drawn with Boolean logic method. Weighted value for analysis had been calculated using “ranking hierarchy". Weighted linear model are used for it. Cropland factors hierarchy is sorted out through pair wais comparison technique. The relative weight is calculated using analytical hierarchy processing (AHP) method for sorting factors based on previous researches and shows following values: S=organic matter*0.36+ (A+B) horizon*0.22+ soil texture*0.16 + slope*0.08+ soil moisture*0.06+ altitude*0.04+ soil stoniness* 0.02+ exch. bases* 0.02 + pH*0.02. To check the accuracy and agreement the field study materials archived in 1989-2009 and performed model map had been used in confusion matrix evaluation. It could be concluded that suitability map is prpcessed somewhat correct according to the result of overall accuracy 0.83, matched cells 72-95% and Kappa coefficient 0.8 results. Correspondingly the places modeled for an exploration area for the cropland was matched to the current location of agricultural land possessions.
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Martins, Sónia, Patrícia Moldes, João Pinto-de-Sousa, Filipe Conceição, José Artur Paiva, Mário R. Simões, and Lia Fernandes. "Pilot study on the European Portuguese version of the Confusion Assessment Method." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 26, no. 5 (June 20, 2014): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.15.

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ObjectiveTo present the pilot study on the European Portuguese validation of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).MethodsThe translation process was carried out according to International Society Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines with trained researchers and inter-rater reliability assessment. The study included 50 elderly patients, admitted (≥24 h) to two intermediate care units. Exclusion criteria were: Glasgow Coma Scale (total score ≤11), blindness/deafness, inability to communicate and not able to speak Portuguese. The sensitivity and specificity of CAM were assessed, with DSM-IV-TR criteria of delirium used as a reference standard.ResultsFindings revealed excellent inter-rater reliability (k>0.81), moderate sensitivity (73%) and excellent specificity (95%).ConclusionThese preliminary results suggested that this version emerges as a promising diagnostic instrument for delirium.
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Martins, S., M. R. Simões, and L. Fernandes. "P-453 - Translation process and pilot study of Portuguese confusion assessment method." European Psychiatry 27 (January 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74620-5.

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van Eijk, Maarten M., Mark van den Boogaard, Rob J. van Marum, Paul Benner, Piet Eikelenboom, Marina L. Honing, Ben van der Hoven, et al. "Routine Use of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184, no. 3 (August 2011): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201101-0065oc.

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Wong, Eric Kai-Chung, Justin Yusen Lee, Anasuiya Sherhee Surendran, Kalpana Nair, Nancy Della Maestra, Marie Migliarini, Joye Anne St. Onge, and Christopher J. Patterson. "Nursing perspectives on the confusion assessment method: a qualitative focus group study." Age and Ageing 47, no. 6 (July 25, 2018): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy107.

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32

Wang, Chunli, Ying Wu, Peng Yue, E. Wesley Ely, Jie Huang, Xin Yang, and Yisi Liu. "Delirium assessment using Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in Chinese critically ill patients." Journal of Critical Care 28, no. 3 (June 2013): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.10.004.

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33

Rolfson, Darryl B., Janet E. McElhaney, Gian S. Jhangri, and Kenneth Rockwood. "Validity of the Confusion Assessment Method in Detecting Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299006043.

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In this prospective cohort of 71 elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery, each subject was interviewed before and after surgery to detect incident delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Test, and a health record review. The first 41 were assessed by a physician and the remaining 30 by two study nurses. Delirium was then diagnosed by a physician using DSM-III-R criteria. Delirium was present in 23 subjects (32.4%). The sensitivity of the CAM differed significantly when administered by physicians compared to nurses (1.00 vs. .13). When standard cutoffs were used, neither the MMSE nor the Clock Test were found to be sensitive markers for delirium (.30 and .09, respectively). Recognition of delirium by charting was superior in nurses compared to physicians (.83 vs. .30). We conclude that the sensitivity of markers for delirium, such as the CAM and health record documentation, is dependent on the training background of the operator.
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Martins, Sónia, Carla Lourenço, João Pinto-de-Sousa, Filipe Conceição, José Artur Paiva, Mário R. Simões, and Lia Fernandes. "Validation study of the European Portuguese version of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 5 (October 2, 2014): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001926.

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ABSTRACTBackground:The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is the most widely used delirium screening instrument. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the European Portuguese version of CAM.Methods:The sample included elderly patients (≥65 years), admitted for at least 48 h, into two intermediate care units (ICMU) of Intensive Medicine and Surgical Services in a university hospital. Exclusion criteria were: score ≤11 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), blindness/deafness, inability to communicate and to speak Portuguese. For concurrent validity, a blinded assessment was conducted by a psychiatrist (DSM-IV-TR, as a reference standard) and by a trained researcher (CAM). This instrument was also compared with other cognitive measures to evaluate convergent validity. Inter-rater reliability was also assessed.Results:In this sample (n = 208), 25% (n = 53) of the patients had delirium, according to DSM-IV-TR. Using this reference standard, the CAM had a moderate sensitivity of 79% and an excellent specificity of 99%. The positive predictive value was 95%, indicating a strong ability to confirm delirium with a positive test result, and the negative predictive value was lower (93%). Good convergent validity was also found, in particular with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (rs = −0.676; p ≤0.01) and Digit Span Test (DST) forward (rs = −0.605; p ≤0.01), as well as a high inter-rater reliability (diagnostic k = 1.00; single items’ k between 0.65 and 1.00).Conclusion:Robust results on concurrent and convergent validity and good reliability were achieved. This version was shown to be a valid and reliable instrument for delirium detection in elderly patients hospitalized in intermediate care units.
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Orman, Eric S., Anthony Perkins, Marwan Ghabril, Babar A. Khan, Naga Chalasani, and Malaz A. Boustani. "The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit in patients with cirrhosis." Metabolic Brain Disease 30, no. 4 (May 7, 2015): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11011-015-9679-8.

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Han, J. H., A. Wilson, A. Shintani, A. J. Graves, J. F. Schnelle, J. L. Shuster, J. Vernon, et al. "76 Validation of the Brief Confusion Assessment Method in Older Emergency Department Patients." Annals of Emergency Medicine 60, no. 4 (October 2012): S28—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.355.

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Sederstrom, Jane R., Christine D. Aliory, Elaine M. Hanneman, and Matthew R. Buras. "Delirium Triage Screen/Brief Confusion Assessment Method in Adult Orthopaedic and Hematological Patients." Orthopaedic Nursing 40, no. 1 (January 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000726.

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Kresevic, Denise M., Donna Miller, Carole W. Fuseck, Mia Wade, Laura Whitney, Mary Conley, Joanne Rimac, Frank Jacono, Heather L. O’Leary-Wilson, and Christopher J. Burant. "Assessment and Management of Delirium in Critically Ill Veterans." Critical Care Nurse 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2020137.

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Background Delirium is a complex syndrome prevalent in the intensive care unit. It has been associated with significant morbidity including distress, longer hospital stays, prolonged cognitive impairment, and increased mortality. Objective To describe a nurse-led interdisciplinary quality improvement initiative to increase nurses’ knowledge of delirium, documentation of delirium assessment, and patient mobility. Methods Sixty-seven nurses in medical and surgical intensive care units were required to attend an interactive education program on delirium assessment and management. Scores on tests taken before and after the education program were used to evaluate knowledge. Medical records and bedside rounds were used to validate Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit documentation and interventions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe changes over time. A delirium resource team composed of nurses, physicians, and therapists provided didactic education paired with simulation training and bedside coaching. Mobility screening tests and computer templates guided assessments and interventions. Results Documentation of the Confusion Assessment Method improved from less than 50% to consistently 99%. Mobilization in the surgical intensive care unit increased from 90% to 98% after intervention. Days of delirium significantly decreased from 51% before intervention to 31% after intervention (χ12=7.01, P = .008). Conclusions The success of this quality improvement project to enhance recognition of delirium and increase mobility (critical components of the pain assessment, breathing, sedation choice, delirium, early mobility, and family education bundle) was contingent on nursing leaders hip, interdisciplinary team collaboration, and interactive education.
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Smulter, N., H. C. Lingehall, Y. Gustafson, B. Olofsson, and K. G. Engstrom. "Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method in Detecting Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients." American Journal of Critical Care 24, no. 6 (October 31, 2015): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2015551.

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Mori, Satomi, Kelly Iuriko Kashiba, Daniela Veruska da Silva, Suely Sueko Viski Zanei, and Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker. "Confusion assessment method para analisar delirium em unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão de literatura." Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva 21, no. 1 (March 2009): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-507x2009000100009.

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Vasunilashorn, Sarinnapha M., Michael J. Devinney, Leah Acker, Yoojin Jung, Long Ngo, Mary Cooter, Richard Huang, Edward R. Marcantonio, and Miles Berger. "A New Severity Scoring Scale for the 3‐Minute Confusion Assessment Method ( 3D‐CAM )." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 68, no. 8 (June 2020): 1874–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16538.

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Friedman, Zeev, Jing Qin, Haim Berkenstadt, and Rita Katznelson. "The Confusion Assessment Method-A Tool for Delirium Detection by the Acute Pain Service." Pain Practice 8, no. 6 (November 2008): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00230.x.

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Regal, Paul. "Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Indicators When CAM Positivity in 647 Individuals Has Good Outcome." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 61, no. 1 (January 2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12054.

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Martins, Sónia, Filipe Conceição, José A. Paiva, Mário R. Simões, and Lia Fernandes. "Delirium Recognition by Family: European Portuguese Validation Study of the Family Confusion Assessment Method." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 62, no. 9 (July 15, 2014): 1748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12973.

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Matsuishi, Yujiro, Haruhiko Hoshino, Nobutake Shimojo, Yuki Enomoto, Takahiro Kido, Subrina Jesmin, Masahiko Sumitani, and Yoshiaki Inoue. "Development of the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU." Acute Medicine & Surgery 5, no. 1 (September 15, 2017): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ams2.306.

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Danzeng, Qu-Zhen, Na Cui, Hao Wang, Wen-Jun Pan, Yun Long, Yang-Zong Deji, Cheng Ze, and Zeng Ren. "Translation and validation of the Tibetan confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit." Chinese Medical Journal 132, no. 10 (May 2019): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000168.

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González, M., J. de Pablo, E. Fuente, M. Valdés, J. M. Peri, M. Nomdedeu, and S. Matrai. "Instrument for Detection of Delirium in General Hospitals: Adaptation of the Confusion Assessment Method." Psychosomatics 45, no. 5 (September 2004): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.45.5.426.

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Dittrich, Bernhard, Gerald Gatterer, Thomas Frühwald, and Ulrike Sommeregger. "Delir-Screening – Confusion Assessment Method. Erste Erfahrungsberichte mit dem Einsatz einer modifizierten, deutschsprachigen Version." focus neurogeriatrie 1, no. 4 (December 2007): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12151-008-0080-3.

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Han, J., A. Wilson, A. Shintani, J. Schnelle, K. Miller, R. Dittus, A. Storrow, and E. W. Ely. "18 EMFThe Development of the Brief Confusion Assessment Method for Older Emergency Department Patients." Annals of Emergency Medicine 58, no. 4 (October 2011): S183—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.043.

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Ramoo, Vimala, Harlinna Abu, Vineya Rai, Surindar Kaur Surat Singh, Ayuni Asma’ Baharudin, Mahmoud Danaee, and Raveena Rajalachimi R. Thinagaran. "Educational intervention on delirium assessment using confusion assessment method-ICU (CAM-ICU) in a general intensive care unit." Journal of Clinical Nursing 27, no. 21-22 (July 30, 2018): 4028–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14525.

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