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Journal articles on the topic 'Congenital heart defects (VPS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Cherkasova, O., and M. Krykhtina. "Congenital heart defects and Eisenmenger's syndrome in adults - diagnostic difficulties (clinical case)." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 28, no. 3 (2024): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2024-28(3)-12.

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Annotation. Diagnoses of congenital heart disease (CHD) in cardiology are often hidden under the mask of other, more common cardiovascular diseases (CVD), so some defects may remain undiagnosed for a long time. A feature of patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) ASD is that Eisenmenger's syndrome develops later, compared to other heart defects, so it is often detected already in adulthood. The purpose of the work was to analyze the clinical course of Eisenmenger's syndrome against the background of ASD, to summarize data on the features of the clinical course, problematic issues of diagnosis

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2

Novikova, Tatiana N., Vladimir I. Novikov, Sergey A. Sayganov, and Vladislava A. Shcherbakova. "2022 Esc Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: What is New?" Cardiac Arrhythmias 2, no. 3 (2022): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/cardar110961.

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The review presents new indications to help with diagnosis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in patients with various etiologies of rhythm disturbances, including patients with coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, inflammatory heart disease, neuromuscular disease, and congenital heart defects. Algorithms for diagnostic evaluation at first presentation with VAs in patients without known cardiac disease are given.

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Mishra, Abhishek, and Kishore B. S. Pasumarthi. "Application of Three-Dimensional Culture Method in the Cardiac Conduction System Research." Methods and Protocols 5, no. 3 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps5030050.

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Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common type of birth defects. Several human case studies and genetically altered animal models have identified abnormalities in the development of ventricular conduction system (VCS) in the heart. While cell-based therapies hold promise for treating CHDs, translational efforts are limited by the lack of suitable in vitro models for feasibility and safety studies. A better understanding of cell differentiation pathways can lead to development of cell-based therapies for individuals living with CHD/VCS disorders. Here, we describe a new and reproducibl

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Pandya, Samta P. "Spiritually Sensitive Intervention to Mitigate Depressive Symptoms Among Hospitalized Children Affected With Congenital Heart Diseases: Insights for Holistic Pediatric Nursing." Journal of Holistic Nursing 38, no. 1 (2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898010118822069.

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This article reports on an experiment in 28 pediatric hospitals across 14 African and Asian cities. The aim was to examine the effect of a customized spiritually sensitive intervention (SSI) on mitigating depressive symptoms among hospitalized children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Results showed that post-SSI, 1,139 treatment group children were less depressed vis-à-vis the control group. The SSI was more effective for children from African cities, boys, middle class, Christians and Buddhists, those undergoing medical care for ventricular septal defects, children who stayed in the hos

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Li, Lai, Tianhao Yan, Yijia Liu, et al. "Relative Factor Analysis of Postoperative Complications in Infants Below 1 Year Undergoing Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect Combined with Other Procedures through a Right Axillary Incision." Heart Surgery Forum 27, no. 11 (2024): E1264—E1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.59958/hsf.7791.

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Background: Compared to the traditional surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defects, the proportion of complex congenital heart diseases has been increasing due to advancements in diagnostic capabilities and surgical techniques. Concomitant surgeries to correct multiple congenital heart diseases have become the preferred choice. Therefore, the evaluation of the safety of the combined correction of ventricular septal defects with other cardiac anomalies in young children through a right axillary incision and the analysis of related factors of perioperative complications needs to be i

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6

Veronese, Paola, Alvise Guariento, Claudia Cattapan, et al. "Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetopsy Validation of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects Using the Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography Method." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030456.

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(1) Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a modern tool with numerous applications in the medical field. The case series reported here aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of the fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) method applied for the first time in the prenatal identification of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). This congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with extracardiac anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, an early diagnosis is essential to advise parents and make adequate treatment decisions. (2) Methods: Four fetuses diagnose

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7

Kaplina, A. V., E. E. Kayumova, E. Yu Vasil'eva, et al. "Biomarkers and predictors of postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with duct-dependent congenital heart defects undergoing cardiac surgery: a cohort study." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 11 (March 26, 2024): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-219-11-81-101.

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The development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates with duct-dependent congenital heart defects (CHD) who underwent cardiac surgery is accompanied by high mortality. Analysis of predictors is necessary for understanding the pathophysiology of NEC and development of approaches for prevention to achieve favorable outcomes of cardiac surgery. The purpose of the study was to develop a prognostic model for predicting the development of NEC after cardiac surgery in neonates with duct-dependent CHD. Methods. A prognostic cohort study was performed that included full-term neonates with duc

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8

Ramar, Dharshni, Aditya Vyas, Surabhi Madan, and Manish Rana. "The Evolving Epidemiology of Infective Endocarditis: An Observational Study from Western India." Cardiology: Open Access 9, no. 3 (2024): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/coa.09.03.01.

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Background: Over the last few decades, the epidemiology and the management of infective endocarditis (IE) is undergoing significant evolution and advancements respectively. Many studies from the developed world and some from India have brought this to light. Objective: To study demography, risk factors, microbiological spectrum, clinical profile, management, and outcome of IE in a tertiary care setup in western India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 90 patients diagnosed with definite as well as possible IE and admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) an

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9

Mestika Rija Helti, Suriani, and Zakiah. "PENGARUH PROMOSI TENAGA KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK RUBELLA DI PUSKEMAS BANDAR KHALIPAH TAHUN 2019." Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Imelda 5, no. 2 (2019): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52943/jikebi.v5i2.423.

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Measles and rubella can have a negative impact on children's health in Indonesia, so the government has implemented an MR vaccination campaign (MMR VIS - Indonesia, 2012). The MR (Measles Rubella) vaccine provides benefits such as protecting children from disability and death due to complications of pneumonia, diarrhea , brain damage, deafness, blindness and congenital heart disease. There were 83 confirmed cases of CRS in 2015-2016 of which 77% suffered from heart defects, 67.5% suffered from cataracts and 47% suffered from deafness (Ditjen P2P, 2016). The research objective was the Effect of

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10

Xie, Donghua, Yingchun Luo, Xiyue Xiong, et al. "Study on the Potential Biomarkers of Maternal Urine Metabolomics for Fetus with Congenital Heart Diseases Based on Modified Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer." BioMed Research International 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1905416.

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Background.There has been significant research on the genetic and environmental factors of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but few causes of teratogenicity, especially teratogenic mechanisms, can be clearly identified. Metabolomics has a potential advantage in researching the relationship between external factors and CHD.Objective.To find and identify the urinary potential biomarkers of pregnancy (including in the second and third trimesters) for fetuses with CHD based on modified gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), which could reveal the possibility of high-risk factors for CHD and

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11

Yagel, Simcha, Ariel Weissman, Zeev Rotstein, et al. "Congenital Heart Defects." Circulation 96, no. 2 (1997): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.96.2.550.

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12

Knuckles, Wendy, and Derrick Ellis. "Congenital heart defects." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 10, no. 1 (2012): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000408234.77042.b1.

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13

Jenkins, Kathy J. "Congenital Heart Defects." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 69, no. 22 (2017): 2733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.008.

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14

Srivastava, Deepak. "Congenital Heart Defects." Circulation Research 86, no. 9 (2000): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.86.9.917.

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15

Petrovna, Askaryans Vera, and Xikmatov Javoxirbek Sherali ogli. "CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences 03, no. 02 (2023): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ejmns-v03-i02-p1-32.

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Congenital heart defects (TYN), also known as congenital heart anomaly and congenital heart disease, are defects in the structure of the heart or great vessels present at birth. Congenital heart defects are classified as cardiovascular diseases. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of defect. Symptoms can be harmless or life-threatening. If present, symptoms may include rapid breathing, bluish skin (cyanosis), low weight, and fatigue. Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain. Congenital heart defects are often not associated with other diseases. A complication of congenital h

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Askaryans, Vera Petrovna Xikmatov Javoxirbek Sherali ogli. "CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES 3, no. 2 (2023): 194–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7660899.

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Congenital heart defects (TYN), also known as congenital heart anomaly and congenital heart disease, are defects in the structure of the heart or great vessels present at birth. Congenital heart defects are classified as cardiovascular diseases. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of defect. Symptoms can be harmless or life-threatening. If present, symptoms may include rapid breathing, bluish skin (cyanosis), low weight, and fatigue. Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain. Congenital heart defects are often not associated with other diseases. A complication of congenital h

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17

Higgins, Sarah S., and Amanda Reid. "COMMON CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." Nursing Clinics of North America 29, no. 2 (1994): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02730-x.

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18

Houyel, Lucile, and Sigolène M. Meilhac. "Heart Development and Congenital Structural Heart Defects." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 22, no. 1 (2021): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015012.

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Congenital heart disease is the most frequent birth defect and the leading cause of death for the fetus and in the first year of life. The wide phenotypic diversity of congenital heart defects requires expert diagnosis and sophisticated repair surgery. Although these defects have been described since the seventeenth century, it was only in 2005 that a consensus international nomenclature was adopted, followed by an international classification in 2017 to help provide better management of patients. Advances in genetic engineering, imaging, and omics analyses have uncovered mechanisms of heart f

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19

Eades, Shannan. "Pharmacotherapy of Congenital Heart Defects." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (2004): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-9.3.160.

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Congenital cardiovascular defects account for significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Complications of congenital heart disease are lesion-dependent and may range from mild heart failure with no cyanosis to severe cyanosis and shock. Pharmacotherapy of congenital heart disease is also lesion-dependent and usage may range from palliative agents (e.g., prostaglandin E1 for relaxation of aortic stricture) to corrective agents (e.g., indomethacin for closure of the ductus arteriosus). This review will discuss the aberrant pathophysiology and complications associated with s

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20

Millar, Michael, Aiden Foster, Kieran Borgeat, et al. "Congenital heart defects in calves." Veterinary Record 189, no. 1 (2021): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.701.

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21

Lin, Angela E. "Etiology of Congenital Heart Defects." Pediatric Pathology 10, no. 3 (1990): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15513819009067119.

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22

Thomas, Stephen. "Congenital defects of the heart." Nursing Standard 6, no. 18 (1992): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.18.47.s57.

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23

&NA;. "Smoking and Congenital Heart Defects." Advances in Neonatal Care 8, no. 4 (2008): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anc.0000333701.63325.e6.

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24

CALLAN, NANCY A., KARIN J. BLAKEMORE, and JEAN S. KAN. "Counseling in Congenital Heart Defects." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 46, no. 10 (1991): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199110000-00001.

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25

Weldon, Clarence S. "Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 40, no. 3 (1985): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60036-7.

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26

Dolk, Helen, Maria Loane, and Ester Garne. "Congenital Heart Defects in Europe." Circulation 123, no. 8 (2011): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.110.958405.

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27

Hamilton, J. RL. "Book Review: Congenital Heart Defects." Perfusion 19, no. 3 (2004): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659104pf739xx.

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28

Brodwall, Kristoffer, Gottfried Greve, and Nina Øyen. "Preeclampsia and Congenital Heart Defects." JAMA 315, no. 11 (2016): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.19075.

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29

Simeone, Regina M., Owen J. Devine, Jessica A. Marcinkevage, et al. "Diabetes and Congenital Heart Defects." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 48, no. 2 (2015): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.002.

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30

Krasnopolskaya, A. F. "Congenital heart defects and pregnancy." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 12 (December 19, 2024): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2412-05.

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Heart disease ranks first in prevalence among all extragenital diseases during pregnancy. In the structure of extragenital pathology, diseases of the cardiovascular system account for approximately 10% and are represented, along with arterial hypertension, by congenital and acquired heart defects, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of which during pregnancy pose certain difficulties associated not only with limited diagnostic capabilities, but also with the choice of drug treatment.

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31

Romano-Zelekha, O., R. Hirsh, L. Blieden, MS Green, and T. Shohat. "The risk for congenital heart defects in offspring of individuals with congenital heart defects." Clinical Genetics 59, no. 5 (2002): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590505.x.

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32

Jaquiss, Robert D. B., and Michiaki Imamura. "Berlin Heart Implantation for Congenital Heart Defects." Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 15, no. 2 (2010): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2010.03.005.

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33

Bourdon, Gurvan, Xavier Lenne, François Godart, et al. "Epidemiology of congenital heart defects in France from 2013 to 2022 using the PMSI-MCO (French Medical Information System Program in Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics) database." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0298234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298234.

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Background Congenital heart defects are common and occur in approximately 0.9% of births. In France, the registries cover approximately 20% of the population but not the entirety of France; therefore, we aimed to update the incidence data for congenital heart defects in France from 2013 to 2022 using the medico-administrative database PMSI-MCO (French Medical Information System Program in Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics). We aimed to compare the frequency of risk factors in a population with congenital heart defects and a reference population. Methods From 2013 to 2022, we included children

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34

NAUMCHIK, I. V., and A. A. LAZAREVICH. "CO-OCCURRENCE OF OROFACIAL CLEFTS AND CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN COMPLEXES OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS." MODERN PERINATAL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY, no. 17 (December 2024): 474–79. https://doi.org/10.63030/2307-4795/2024.17.g.13.

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The results of an analysis of the combination of orofacial clefts and congenital heart defects in complex congenital malformations are presented. Among 91 newborns with multiple congenital malformations that included orofacial clefts, 45 % had heart defects, the most frequent being cardiac septal defects. Of the 77 fetuses aborted for unclassified complexes of malformations with orofacial clefts, heart defects had 37.7 %, the most common were complex heart defects. The frequency of malformations of other systems included in complexes of congenital malformations with orofacial clefts and heart

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35

Bourdial, Hélène, Karim Jamal-Bey, Abdelhafid Edmar, et al. "Congenital heart defects in La Réunion Island: a 6-year survey within a EUROCAT-affiliated congenital anomalies registry." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 5 (2012): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112000054.

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AbstractObjectivesThis study compares the prevalence and perinatal mortality of congenital heart defects on La Réunion with European (EUROCAT) standards.Methods and resultsData were extracted from a EUROCAT-affiliated congenital malformations registry, covering 88,025 births during the period 2002–2007, on the whole island territory. A total of 512 congenital heart defects were registered, including 424 live births, 18 foetal deaths from 16 weeks of gestation, and 70 terminations of pregnancy. The total prevalence of congenital heart defects was 5.8 per 1000 births and live birth prevalence wa

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36

PA, Philippe, Orang’o EO, and Barasa FA. "Factors Related to Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring from Women with Rheumatic Heart Disease: Case reports from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 2, no. 3 (2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2019/asjbccr.6167.

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Maternal exposure to environmental factors has been reported to be associated with birth defects. Congenital heart defects are the most common and are associated with high morbidity and mortality in offspring. However, the relation of maternal rheumatic heart disease to congenital heart defects in the offspring is a rare event not yet reported. The authors report 2 cases of infants with congenital heart defects born from mothers with rheumatic heart disease. This study highlights factors related to congenital heart defects in both newborns.

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37

Aliyev, R. R., I. Sh Rasulov, P. A. Tarasova, et al. "Analysis of molecular genetic causes of congenital heart defects in children." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 68, no. 6 (2024): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-6-36-40.

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In 10–20% of cases, congenital heart defects are caused by chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutation. Purpose. The purpose of the study: analysis of the genetic causes of congenital heart defects in children.Materials and Methods. The analysis of the medical history and the results of Genetics and Molecular Research (GMR) in 15 children with congenital heart defects were carried out.Results. Genome-wide DNA sequencing in patients with congenital heart defects revealed deletion 21q22.3 with duplication 4q31.1 ->qter and pathogenic variants in the genes PPP1CB, FN1, PHF6, CITIED2, ARID2, KM

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38

Garncarz, Magdalena, Marta Parzeniecka-Jaworska, and Olga Szaluś-Jordanow. "Congenital heart defects in dogs: A retrospective study of 301 dogs." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 10 (2017): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5784.

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The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of congenital heart defects in a population of dogs in Poland and to determine which breeds were affected by particular defects. A retrospective study of the medical records of cardiologically examined dogs revealed 301 cases of echocardiographically confirmed congenital heart defects. Dogs with congenital heart defects made up 2.7% of the dogs that underwent a cardiologic examination. The age at diagnosis ranged from 2 weeks to 190 months. Mixed breeds (33 dogs, 11%), Bull Terriers (31, 10%), Boxers (28, 9%), German Shepherds (17, 6%), Yorkshir

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39

Alymbaev, E., G. Zhumagulova, and G. Kozhonazarova. "Congenital Heart Defects as One of the Causes of Perinatal Mortality." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 10 (2024): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/107/14.

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Congenital malformations are one of the most common causes of infant mortality and disability in children, and congenital heart defects (CHD) occupy a leading place in the structure of all developmental anomalies. The article presents data from a retrospective analysis of charts of children who died from complex congenital heart defects and congenital heart defects in combination with multiple developmental defects. An analysis of the pathological examination cards of 102 children from 0 to 2 years old who died in maternity hospitals and children's hospitals in Bishkek was carried out. The sel

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Sharma, Amit, Surbhi Sharma, and Mukesh Chandra Sharma. "HEART HOLE- AN ABNORMAL BIRTH DEFECT." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 6, no. 3 (2023): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v6i3.02.

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Heart hole defect is very common among newborns, it is due to structural abnormalities of the heart. Congenital means present from birth and affects almost in 100 newly born. Some Congenital heart diseases are lethal if not treated and some congenital heart diseases do not need any treatment. There are many forms of congenital heart disease such as arterial septal defects (ASD) and ventricular septal defects (VSD). These defects are usually diagnosed after a baby is born. The size of the ventricular/arterial defects may cause shortness of breath and tiredness. This present study focuses on und

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Schmidt, Amalie Bøggild, Marie Lund, Giulia Corn, et al. "Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load during pregnancy and offspring risk of congenital heart defects: a prospective cohort study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 3 (2020): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz342.

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ABSTRACT Background Prepregnancy diabetes, especially when severely dysregulated, is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. This suggests that glucose plays a role in embryonic heart development. Objective The aim was to investigate the association between midpregnancy dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and sugar-sweetened beverages and the risk of congenital heart defects in the offspring. Methods Offspring of mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort who filled out a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) covering midpregnancy dietary intake

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42

Crowe, M. Ward, and T. W. Swerczek. "Equine congenital defects." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 2 (1985): 353–58. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.02.353.

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SUMMARY In a 13-year survey of equine congenital defects that resulted in death or required euthanasia in central Kentucky, necropsies were performed on 608 deformed fetuses or newborn foals. The following congenital anomalies were observed: contracted foal syndrome (33.2%), miscellaneous limb contraction (20%), multiple defects (5.3%), microphthalmia (4.6%), craniofacial malformations (4.3%), cleft palate (4.0%), heart defects (3.5%), umbilical defects (3.5%), and hydrocephalus (3.0%). Eleven less frequently occurring anomalies constituted the balance of the congenital defects in fetuses and

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43

Kučienė, Renata, and Virginija Dulskienė. "Maternal socioeconomic and lifestyle factors during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart defects." Medicina 45, no. 11 (2009): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45110116.

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The objective of study was to estimate the importance of maternal socioeconomic and lifestyle factors during pregnancy in the risk of congenital heart defects in Kaunas infant population in 1999–2005. Material and methods. An epidemiological case-control study was conducted. The study comprised 187 newborns with congenital heart defects (cases) and 643 randomly selected newborns without any defects (controls), born in Kaunas city during 1999–2005. Modern epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine adjusted risk factors of congen

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44

Meberg, Alf. "Congenital heart defects through 30 years." Open Journal of Pediatrics 02, no. 03 (2012): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojped.2012.23035.

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45

Ikonomou, Thomas, and Marianna Theodora. "Prenatal Screening for Congenital Heart Defects." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, no. 1 (2008): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1046.

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46

Ho, SiewYen. "Congenital heart defects: A morphological approach." Cardiology Plus 6, no. 2 (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320323.

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47

Hofland, Gayle. "Structural defects in congenital heart disease." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 20, no. 5 (2022): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000824648.31499.1d.

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Bolisetty, Srinivas, Ameet Daftary, Dan Ewald, Brodie Knight, and Gavin Wheaton. "Congenital heart defects in Central Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 180, no. 12 (2004): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06122.x.

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Tilak, Preetha, Sonia Dhawan, and Sayee Rajangam. "Congenital Heart Defects and Genetic Syndromes." Indian Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijgmr.2319.4782.6217.1.

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Hussain, Syed Abir, Nasir U. din Wani, Tasneem Muzaffar, et al. "Genetic study in congenital heart defects." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (2019): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191661.

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Abstract:

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are relatively common with a prevalence ranging from 3.7 to 17.5 per 1000 live births. Little is known about genetic link with respect to congenital heart disease. Iroquoise (Irx) homeobox genes have been widely studied and their expression in both developing and adult heart. Author tried to study the role of irx4 and irx5 genes in structural congenital heart disease, keeping the focus on study reported by Cheng Z et al.Methods: Author studied reported mutation site sequences in 25 various congenital heart disease patients and control healthy relativ

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