Academic literature on the topic 'Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War'

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Journal articles on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Maiden, Emily K. "Transformative Peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, no. 1-2 (June 9, 2014): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1802005.

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This article critiques the potential success of the Peace, Security, and Cooperation Framework for the drc and the Region—signed on February 24, 2013—against the backdrop of the 1999 Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement, which failed to end the Second Congo War. The 1999 Agreement failed because its overall design, coupled with the socio-political climate in the region at the time, resulted in a ‘no war, no peace’ scenario. These failures were furthered by the overall inability of the international peacebuilding community to design and implement a peace strategy in the drc that aligned with the needs of the Congolese people. If the 2013 Framework is to succeed, what is required is a transformation of the peace process, which will incorporate the Congolese civil society, avoid restrictive timelines, and focus on securing realistic commitments. By critically analyzing both the 1999 Agreement and the broader conflict-resolution and peacebuilding processes, international peace practitioners can learn from the situation in the drc and use the revised peace model this article outlines to promote true and lasting peace in regional conflicts across the developing world.
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Draulans, Dirk, and Ellen Van Krunkelsven. "The impact of war on forest areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Oryx 36, no. 1 (January 2002): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000066.

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This paper provides a review of data on the effects of the civil war on forest areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Only a few of these effects were beneficial, the most important being the collapse of the wood industry. However, the war has increased the number of people that rely on wood for fuel and bushmeat for protein. The presence of soldiers and refugees aggravates this pressure. When people hide they do not necessarily refrain from hunting, because goods, including ivory, can be stocked to be traded when the situation improves. War seems beneficial to the environment only if it keeps people out of large areas. It could be useful to extend the concept of peace parks to war zones. The idea of an international ‘green force’ to protect biodiversity hotspots should be given serious consideration. Awareness is growing that political instability should not preclude conservation efforts from being continued.
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Fahey, Dan. "Intervention as indirect rule: civil war and statebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Review of African Political Economy 39, no. 131 (March 2012): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2012.661126.

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Marriage, Zoe. "Intervention as Indirect Rule: Civil War and Statebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Civil Wars 14, no. 2 (June 2012): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2012.679522.

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Kalonda-Kanyama, Isaac. "Civil War, Sexual Violence and HIV Infections: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of African Development 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.12.2.0047.

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Abstract This paper estimates the effect of sexual violence and economic vulnerability on HIV prevalence rates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We find that HIV prevalence rates are higher in conflict-affected regions than in non-conflict regions, and that sexual violence and economic vulnerability significantly affect HIV prevalence rates. The combined effect of civil war and sexual violence is positive and strongly significant. However, conflict-related economic vulnerability does not explain HIV infections.
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Peters, Anne. "Elephant Poaching and Ivory Trafficking as a Threat to the Peace." AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002087.

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The two African states Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic have been struck by civil war enmeshed with military involvement of neighbouring states. The ongoing conflicts have been fuelled by the fight over the countries’ natural resources, ranging from diamonds over gold to ivory. Since the end of the 1990s, the UN Security Council and other UN bodies have been dealing with the conflicts in Congo, and have been trying to bring to an end and to sanction the serious violations of human rights and of IHL that have been committed by all sides in those conflicts. The international community’s attempt to come to grips with the so-called “blood diamonds”, inter alia through a multi-stakeholder process and certification scheme is well known. With two resolutions of January 2014, the UN Security Council addresses the destabilizing effects of the illegal exploitation of wildlife.
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Muhi, Maysoon Taher. "“Unspeakable Suffering”: Women’s Experience of Trauma in Lynn Nottage’s Ruined." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 21, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp91-96.

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Lynn Nottage's Ruined, a Pulitzer Prize play, tackles the plight of women’s survival during the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The play is a loud scream for the whole world to view the physical violence of women and hear their traumatic memories, hoping that this attempt might save them from their disastrous lives resulting from the brutalities of civil war. In this play, women are portrayed beyond victims of the political and armed conflicts as they serve as a reflection of a serious issue that threatens the human race in general: the continuing dehumanization whereby women are considered minorities and the “others,” even within their own society. By applying a critical analysis technique, the current paper aims to shed light on women's experience of their violated bodies and their unspeakable suffering in the context of their trauma.
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Williams, Aneeta. "Commentary: Push and Pull Factors and the Reintegration of Children in the DRC." Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security 3 (March 29, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/allons-y.v3i0.10059.

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The recruitment and use of child soldiers creates a lasting tear in society, and none so severely as the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is estimated that there are 310,000 children who are associated or formerly associated with armed forces or groups. Many (both girls and boys) experience sexual violence prior, during and/or following their association. As Arpita Mitra described in her paper, the scale of the tragedy is both widespread and brutal. She argues that despite the huge sums of financial assistance poured into the area for Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programming, the implementation has failed to meet its goals.
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Donoghue, John. "A Truly Free State in the Congo: Slavery and Abolition in Global Historical Perspective." Slavery Today Journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/uluw7758.

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The differences between slavery now and then are less important than the historical links that bind them, links in an awful chain of bondage that bind the history of the transatlantic slave trade from Africa to the resurgence of slavery in Africa today. As this article illustrates, nowhere is this truer, both in historical and contemporary terms, than in the Congo. The links binding the Congo to the history of human bondage were first forged in the crucible of early modern capitalism and they have been made fast by the proliferation of “free market reform” today, which despite the fundamentalist cant of its advocates, has hardly proven to be a force of human liberation; instead, placing the last 500 years of the Congo region in global context, we can see how capitalism has proven to be the world’s greatest purveyor of human bondage. The article concludes with an argument that the reconstruction of civil society in the Democratic Republic of Congo after decades of war, dictatorship, and neo-colonial rule depends crucially on the continued success of an already impressive Congolese abolitionist movement. Without making an end to slavery, once and for all, civil society can hardly prosper in a country where slavery has historically brought about its destruction.
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Koyame, Mungbalemwe. "United Nations Resolutions and the Struggle to Curb the Illicit Trade in Conflict Diamonds in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Legal Studies 1, no. 2 (2005): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221097312x13397499736020.

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AbstractThis article examines the extent to which revenues from the trade in rough diamonds have funded civil war in African countries and the difficulties encountered by the United Nations in putting an end to it. As case studies, the article considers the conflicts in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone where the illicit trade in rough diamonds, also referred to as “conflict diamonds” or “blood diamonds,” provided most of the funds used by rebel groups in their war efforts. The article further examines the role played by the diamond industry, the international community and diamond importing countries such as the United States and Belgium in the trade of conflict diamonds. The article concludes that several resolutions passed by the United Nations Security Council concerning “conflict diamonds” were at times not successful because of indifference on the part of the international community.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Gross, Deanna Katherine, and deanna gross@adelaide edu au. "POLITICS AND PLUNDER: Civil war and regional intervention in Africa." Flinders University. School of Political and International Studies, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080502.111658.

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Over recent decades, civil wars in Africa have taken millions of lives and caused widespread destruction of whole states and regions. The living standards of peoples residing in such states in Africa which have been devastated by war are often deplorable, with violence, disease and poverty characterising life there. Lawlessness is another feature of such wars, making these states optimal places for international terrorist groups to operate in, and from. For both the above reasons, the West should not turn a blind eye to this issue. These wars that have occurred in a number of African states, including Rwanda, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sudan, have often become regionalised with surrounding states increasingly becoming involved. This is particularly the case when economic gain can be sought through involvement in the civil war. The introduction of regional actors into domestic civil wars frequently serves to intensify and prolong the conflict, through an increase of arms and troops entering the fighting. The surrounding state actors largely claim to be involved for political reasons, namely to provide security to their own state. However, numerous credible reports have shown that vast plundering of natural resources has been carried out in war-time by surrounding states in the war-torn state. Consequently, this thesis examines the motives of surrounding state actors when deciding to participate in domestic civil wars of their neighbours. To do this, I compile case studies on both Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo since both states had been ravaged by violent and drawn-out civil wars involving regional actors. Furthermore, the regional actors in both cases (Liberia in Sierra Leone, and particularly Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe in the DRC) have been accused of participating in the wars for economic gain. The case studies showed that while political motivations largely drive the initial decision by regional actors to participate in civil wars in their region, it is subsequently economic gain that both allows and compels them to continue their involvement in the civil war. Henceforth, in the final chapter, I put investigate policy suggestions for the future including: prevention of resources being used to fuel warfare through controlling their access to legitimate channels; the use of aid to reduce the likelihood of those in poverty turning to war in pursuit of sustenance, including opportunities to target aid and use compliance with particular peace agreements as a prerequisite for attaining the funding; diversification of the economies of these weak states through development assistance to reduce risks produced by a high dependency on primary commodity exports for income and financial sanctions in the form of freezing of assets or asset blocking. These policy suggestions seek to address both the political and economic motivations of the surrounding state actors in participating in civil wars in Africa.
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Taka, M. "Conflict coltan : local and international dynamics in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8af75d34-cb5d-4253-8476-07419206e940/1.

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This research analyses the role of multi-stakeholder partnerships in enhancing governance to promote sustainable peace and security. It uses a case study of coltan exploitation and armed conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the two wars between 1996 and 2003 and the ongoing conflict have led to the ‘world’s worst humanitarian crisis’. The current body of knowledge on conflict analyses, particularly ‘resource curse’ theory, emphasises the natural resource endowment and weak governance as the main factors contributing to the DRC conflict, and has been influential in policy formulation. The case study is supported by the collection and analysis of qualitative data from multiple sources using different methods including literature reviews, interviews and observations. In so doing, the research seeks to examine how multi-stakeholder partnerships can help to enhance governance and promote sustainable peace and security, with a focus on the role of the multi-stakeholder partnerships in curtailing revenues for the belligerents from coltan production and trade in the eastern DRC. The analysis of the conflicts and coltan exploitation revealed the intricate multi-layered nature of the conflicts in the DRC and their complex causalities. The examination of the multi-stakeholder partnerships relevant to coltan exploitation in the DRC identified a number of constraints for their implementation and concerns about adverse effects from the implementation, largely owing to the externally driven agenda of the partnerships, which neglects the local perspectives. Through the arguments presented in this thesis, the research contributes to knowledge in three broad areas: it contributes to ongoing academic discussions on conflict analyses, in particular the resource curse hypothesis and the economic agendas of civil war; it provides empirical analysis and data on the coltan industry and partnership initiatives in relation to armed conflicts in the eastern DRC; and it highlights the need to re-assess the concept of participatory governance as one of the key approaches to improving governance.
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van, der Valk Adrienne. "Black power, red limits : Kwame Nkrumah and American Cold War responses to Black empowerment struggles /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8690.

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Jones, Benjamin Thomas. "The Past is Ever-Present: Civil War as a Dynamic Process." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374173688.

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Östman, Peter. "Civil-militär samverkan under fredsoperationen i Kongo." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1896.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka civil-militär samverkan vid fredsoperationen i Kongo 1960-1964 ur ett kulturkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Detta har gjorts i form av en fallstudie där litteratur av personer verksamma på plats i Kongo 1960-1964varit dominerande. Ur fallstudien framkommer att många samverkansproblem förekom trots ett genomtänkt koncept ochinsatser för att förbättra samverkan mellan civila och militärer. Vidare framkommer att militärer och civila i huvudsak upplevde likartade problem. I uppsatsen har kulturkonstruktivistisk teori använts som analytiskt verktyg och skillnader mellan civilaoch militära aktörers kollektiva identiteter, världsuppfattningar och normer utgjort grunden för attförklara samverkansproblemen. Vid analysen av empirin framkommer att samverkansproblem inte bara förekom mellan civila ochmilitära aktörer utan även inom respektive skrå och mellan olika nivåer i organisationen.Vidare framkommer att den kontext en person befinner sig i, likväl som dennes bakgrund och yrke,betyder mycket för den personens åsikter och värderingar. Min övergripande slutsats är att kulturkonstruktivistiska skillnader mellan civila och militära aktörer tillstor del kan anses förklara de problem som förekom i civil-militär samverkan vid fredsoperationen iKongo 1960-1964.
The aim of this essay is to study civil- military cooperation during the peace operationin Congo between 1960 and 1964 from a culture-constructivist perspective. The study has been performed as a case study and literature written mainly by militaryofficers and UN-officials who were in active duty in Congo between 1960 and 1964has been used.Based on the case study it appears that there were many cooperation problems, despitea well thought-out concept and a lot of efforts made by military and civilian personnelin order to improve civil-military cooperation. It also appears that military andcivilian personnel experienced similar problems. A culture-constructivist theory has been used as an analytic tool in the essay anddifferences between civil and military actors´ collective identities, opinions of realityand norms have constituted the foundation to explain cooperation problems. In the analysis it appears that cooperation problems not only occurred between civiland military actors but also within each branch (civil and military) and betweendifferent hierarchic levels in the organisation. It also appears that the context, inwhich a person exists, as well as the person’s background and profession, is importantfor that specific person’s opinions and set of values. The main conclusion of the analysis is that culture-constructivist differences betweencivil and military actors, at least to a large extent, can be seen as an explanation to theproblems that occurred in civil- military cooperation in the peace operation in Congoduring 1960-1964.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 00-02
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Mendonça, António Sérgio Correia. "Distribuição do rendimento, pobreza e a eclosão de conflitos no contexto dos Países em Desenvolvimento : os casos do Sri Lanka e da R.D. Congo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16231.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
A ocorrência de conflitos internos nos países em desenvolvimento ocorre num contexto fértil na incidência de fenómenos como a pobreza e a desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento, colocando a hipótese de associação entre os fenómenos. E nos continentes asiático e africano que se verifica a grande maioria dos conflitos mundialmente, apresentando também esses continentes das maiores incidências de pobreza. O estudo do caso do Sri Lanka permite-nos verificar que a existência de boas condições iniciais após a independência e de uma distribuição do rendimento relativamente equitativa, não se constituem como condições suficientes para a estabilidade social num ambiente livre de conflitos e guerras civis. No Sri Lanka a desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento e a pobreza constituem-se como possíveis factores de eclosão da guerra civil ocorrida, dado ter apresentado uma dinâmica crescente nos anos que antecederam a sua iniciação. A análise do caso da República Democrática do Congo revela que a existência de abundantes e valiosos recursos naturais não constitui uma condição suficiente para o estabelecimento de um processo de desenvolvimento económico e social estável. Apesar da coexistência de diversos factores explicativos dos conflitos na República Democrática do Congo, é na altura em que os indicadores de pobreza apresentam os piores níveis de sempre que a guerra civil deflagra no país.
The internai conflicts occur in developing countries in a context deeply characterized with poverty and inequality phenomena, asserting the possibility of association between these phenomena. The vast majority of internai conflicts occur in Africa and Asia that show the highest poverty incidence. The case of Sri Lanka allows us to notice that an initial good development standing after the independence and a relative equal income distribution, will not necessarily imply social stability in an environment clear of conflicts. In Sri Lanka, inequality and poverty constitute two possible causes of the civil war occurred in the country, since it has shown a growing pattem in the years previous to its initiation. The analysis of the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reveals that the existence of abundant and valuable natural resources will not imply the creation of a stable economic and social development process. We can consider the coexistence of different causes of the conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but we can also observe that the civil war starts in the country when the poverty indicators show the worst ever performance.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Moleko, Teboho Banele. "A critical analysis of the role of coltan in the Eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s second war (1998-2003)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017864.

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The role of natural resources in African conflicts has been subject to extensive scholarly analysis. However, much of this analysis has taken a narrow economic reductionist bias. As such, it is imperative that the dominant assumptions and accepted concepts and theories about the role of natural resources in African conflicts be re-examined. The aim of this thesis is to offer a revaluation of the role of coltan during the Democratic Republic of Congo’s (DRC) Second War (1998-2003) through a critical engagement with the resource wars literature. The purpose is to offer a re-reading of the role of coltan in the DRC Second War and the broader regional and global economic context in which this conflict took place. It rejects the commonly cited assumption that the presence of coltan in the DRC means it is an initiator of conflict. Rather, this thesis argues that the central role of coltan in the DRC Second War was as an aggravator of conflict in that its exploitation was used by different parties to fund their military and political ambitions. This thesis also argues that the DRC’s weak state structures and pivotal role within the Great Lakes region, as well as the international trade of coltan and the nature of the DRC coltan mining industry are all key factors in understanding coltan exploitation in the country’s Eastern Region during the Second War.
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Tshiyoyo, Mudikolele Michel. "Public service delivery in the Democratic Republic of the Congo a case study approach /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07312007-142223/.

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Yav, Katshung Joseph. "Prosecution of grave violations of human rights in light of challenges of national courts and the International Criminal Court: the Congolese dilemma." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1122.

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"Although the United Nations (UN) has often been pivotal in forging the international response to serious human rights crimes in such settings, the justice gap in countries such as the Democratic Republic [of] Congo (DRC) (the focus of this study) underscores the need for more systematic UN efforts. The war in the DRC has resulted in one of the world's worst humanitarian crisis with over 3.4 million displaced persons scattered throughout the country. An estimated 3.5 million people have died as a result of the war. The armed conflict has been characterised by appalling widespread and systematic human rights violations, including mass killings, ethnic cleansing, rape and the destruction of property. The most pressing need to be addressed is the question of justice and accountability for these human rights atrocities in order to achieve a durable peace in the country and also in the Great Lakes region (Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Angola and the DRC, to name just a few). In this respect, this study will address the grave human rights violations committed in the DRC and the mechanisms for dealing with them. It is particularly true in post-conflict situations where justice systems have been either partially or completely destroyed, that national courts are not capapble of arriving at a uniform stance, or willing to provide justice for atrocities in the immediate future. As a result, international justice seems to be a crucial and last resort that must continue to be fortified against efforts to undermine it. ... Chapter one will set out the content of the research, identify the problem and outline the methodology. Chapter two will discuss the state obligations in international law to prosecute gross violations of human rights and gives a summary of the human rights violations situation during the Congolese war. Chapter three will discuss the available naitonal mechanisms for accountaiblity in the DRC. It will discuss if national courts and TRC are able to deal with these atrocities committed in the DRC. Chapter four will analyse the extent to which the ICC could deal with the Congolese case and challenges. Chapter five will discuss the trends towards accountability in the DRC and the way forward. Chapter six will draw a conclusion on how to break the cycle of impunity in the DRC." -- Introduction.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Boukongou Jean Didier and Dr. Atangcho Akonumbo at the Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Bell, Baillie. "The Wartime Rape Narrative in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34315.

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The international community has constructed a dominant narrative to explain the prevalence of gendered violence in the eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This dominant narrative posits regional and national antagonisms over conflict minerals as the cause of the Congolese wars that have resulted in the mass rape of Congolese women and girls. Sexual violence against women and girls is portrayed as the most significant form of violence occurring during the Congolese wars. This narrative has had a substantial impact on how the international community has represented, researched and responded to Congolese women and gendered violence. I argue that this narrative is based on problematic conceptions of gender relations rooted in white Western feminism that are incompatible with the local experiences of Congolese women and men. The misconception of gender, gender relations and gender violence has engendered misguided intervention initiatives that have failed to produce meaningful change in the lives of Congolese women. This thesis challenges dominant discourses that inform and impose specific narratives of violence and development agendas. It moves beyond them to propose an alternative analysis of gender and gendered violence. It sheds light on the historical disconnection between international and local perspectives of gender and gender violence in the Congo, arguing that to be effective, international development and humanitarian discourses must be re-examined in light of the local socio-cultural context of eastern Congo.
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Books on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Vanderstraeten, Louis-François. De la Force publique à l'Armée nationale congolaise: Histoire d'une mutinerie, juillet 1960. Bruxelles: Académie royale de Belgique, 1985.

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Gérard-Libois, Jules. Belgique-Congo 1960. Bruxelles: Politique et histoire, 1989.

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Lundula, Passou. Pari sur le Congo. Lubumbashi, Congo, Kinshasa: Editions Passou, 1997.

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Heureux, Paul. Souvenirs du Congo: Récits. Paris, France: Harmattan, 2005.

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Heureux, Paul. Souvenirs du Congo: Récits. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005.

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Alan, James. Britain and the Congo crisis, 1960-63. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1996.

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Kimba, Emmanuel Kisimba. Jeudi 30 juin 1960: Tragédie ou libération du peuple congolais? Lubumbashi [Congo]: Editions Aux Petits génies, 2003.

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Piguet, Charles. Liberté pour le Zaïre: Chronique d'une indépendance laborieuse. [Caux, Suisse]: Caux édition, 1993.

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Piguet, Charles. Freedom for Africa: 1960: encounters with a continent in transition. Caux, Switzerland: Caux Edition, 1996.

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Bilsen, Jef van. Congo, 1945-1965: La fin d'une colonie. Bruxelles: CRISP, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Eriksson Baaz, Maria, and Maria Stern. "Researching wartime rape in the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Researching War, 117–40. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | Series:: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315687490-7.

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Stearns, Jason K. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Elusive Peace." In War and Peace in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58124-8_3.

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Kiyala, Jean Chrysostome K. "Civil Society and Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Opportunities, Challenges and Recommendations." In Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Anthropocene, 251–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95179-5_10.

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Bomino Bosakaibo, Georges. "Civil Society and Peacebuilding in the Kivu Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Anthropocene, 205–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95179-5_8.

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Gaynor, Niamh. "Local Civil Society Initiatives for Peacebuilding in North-East Congo." In EADI Global Development Series, 257–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23305-0_12.

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AbstractThe Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the site of one of the most egregious conflicts in modern times. Ituri, a richly endowed province in the North-East, has endured some of the bloodiest fighting and gravest atrocities since conflict first erupted there in 1999. Drawing on fieldwork conducted with community groups, local civil society organisations (CSOs) and local political authorities in the province, in this chapter I explore the successes and limitations of local civil society peacebuilding efforts in the region. I argue that local actions need to be accompanied and supported by national and global actions which, acting in support to and in solidarity with local communities, challenge and address the globalised political economy of conflict. This means (re)politicising interventions and engaging with the global actors engaged in resource extraction, as well as working in greater cooperation with local actors in land reform, service provision and resource management.
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Aguilar, Sergio. "European Union Military Operations: The Use of Force in the Central African Republic, Chad, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo." In Guns & Roses: Comparative Civil-Military Relations in the Changing Security Environment, 257–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2008-8_14.

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Alusala, Nelson. "Border fragility and the causes of war and conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." In African Borders, Conflict, Regional and Continental Integration, 89–114. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, [2019] | Series: Border regions series: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429057014-5.

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Waller, Michel T., and Frances J. White. "The Effects of War on Bonobos and Other Nonhuman Primates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." In Ethnoprimatology, 179–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30469-4_10.

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Mlambo, Daniel N. "Youths in War in a Post-Colonial State and the Continuing Use of Child Soldiers: Perspectives from the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Climate Change and Socio-political Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Anthropocene, 223–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48375-2_10.

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Gawrich, Andrea, and Doris Wydra. "Conditions and Contestation: Ukraine on Its Way to EU-Membership." In The War Against Ukraine and the EU, 161–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35040-5_8.

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AbstractRussia’s attack on Ukraine in February 2022 has not only brought war back to the European continent, it has also created a new urgency for the European Union to allow new members to find economic and strategic protection within its confines. While no accession procedure has been successfully concluded since 2013, the list of candidates is growing. In June 2022, the European Council decided to grant the status of candidate country to both Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. This was greeted with great enthusiasm, in particular in Ukraine—which now expects a swift accession in reward for the enormous price it has had to pay for its European choice.The key question this chapter addresses is which dynamics have evolved in this early accession process under the conditions of war, where the EU strives to defend the rule of law and democracy internally and externally simultaneously (in particular because of past experiences of how vulnerable democratic achievements are to recession), while at the same time trying to prove its geopolitical capacities by providing credible accession perspectives. The literature on EU conditionality provides us with helpful insights into factors conducive to the transformation of a candidate country along EU conditions (e.g. clarity, tangibility of rewards, absence of veto-players). This seems to make Ukraine an ideal candidate for successful transformation, as the renewed emphasis of the ‘geopolitical’ EU on enlargement strengthens the credibility of the promise, and a renewed enlargement methodology contributes to clarity and increases (tangible) rewards along the way. Additionally, an active Ukrainian civil society is putting pressure on political elites to continue on their European path. The close linkage of EU accession with reconstruction plans for Ukraine also makes successful EU integration an effective remedy for domestic challenges.We argue, however, that in order to comprehensively understand ‘membership politics’ and the politicisation of EU conditions, it is essential to address the contextual interpretation of the norms posed by the EU as part of its accession conditionality. For this, we combine the concept of conditionality with approaches to norm contestation from International Relations (IR) Research. This induces a shift of perspective from a unidirectional norm-giver/norm-taker perspective, closely assigned to conditionality approaches, towards a focus on the web of interactions between actors on the EU and the Ukrainian side as they engage with, interpret and enact norms based on their social context. By example of the reform of the Ukrainian judiciary (and here in particular the Constitutional Court of Ukraine) we show how the ‘sovereignty argument’ is put forward to challenge the “West’s right to evaluate”. Furthermore, the contestation of time frames is of high salience not only because Ukraine demands a ‘fast track accession’ against the will of some EU Member States, but also because it raises the stakes as to how ‘sufficient progress’ for gaining promised rewards is assessed. It is thus indispensable to conceptualise and address contestation in order to understand the current challenges of turning Ukraine’s candidate status into a meaningful membership perspective under increased geopolitical pressure, and while a war is raging on the EU’s doorstep.
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Conference papers on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Arno, Matthew G., Janine Katanic Arno, Donald A. Halter, Robert O. Berry, and Ian S. Hamilton. "Radiological Characterization of a Copper/Cobalt Mining and Milling Site." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16322.

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Extensive copper and cobalt ore deposits can be found in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the city of Kolwezi. These deposits have been mined via open pit and underground mines since the 19th century with many changes in control of the mines including colonial industrial control and Congolese government control. With the recent re-establishment of a relatively stable democratic government in the DRC, foreign investors returned to the area to restart mining activities that were abruptly terminated in the 1990’s due to political turmoil. Some of these new projects are being performed in accordance with World Bank and International Finance Corporation Social & Environmental Sustainability standards. As part of these standards, radiological characterization of the mines, processing facilities, and surrounding environment was conducted to establish current conditions, evaluate human health and ecological risks, and provide a basis for establishment of radiation safety and environmental remediation programs. In addition to naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the copper/cobalt ore, the site was reputedly historically used to store ore from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine, the source of the uranium ore for the World War II Manhattan project. The radiological characterization was conducted via extensive gamma radiation surveys using vehicle-mounted sodium-iodide detectors, random grid composite soil sampling, biased soil sampling of areas with elevated gamma radiation levels, and sampling of surface water features. The characterization revealed broad areas of elevated gamma radiation levels of up to 160 μGy/hr in two distinct areas believed to be the Shinkolobwe uranium mine ore storage locations. Other areas, with gamma radiation levels of up to 80 μGy/hr, were detected associated with copper/cobalt ore refinery tailings and waste rock (overburden) sediments. The gamma radiation surveys revealed that elevated radiation levels were largely confined to areas previously disturbed by mechanized mining activities. Radiological contaminants in local surface water sources were within drinking water standards with the exception of one river heavily polluted with both uranium and other metals by waste streams from an ore processing and refining facility. Surrounding areas that appeared to be undisturbed by mining, including agricultural areas, native villages, and urban colonial-architecture cities, exhibited soil concentration and gamma radiation levels consistent with expected background levels.
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Reports on the topic "Congo (Democratic Republic) Civil War"

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Moro, Leben, Jennifer Palmer, and Tabitha Hrynick. Key Considerations for Responding to Floods in South Sudan Through the Humanitarian-Peace-Development Nexus. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.005.

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In common with many other African countries, the Republic of South Sudan is increasingly experiencing devastating floods linked to climate change.1,2 The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño regulate the climate of Equatorial Eastern Africa. In 2019, a dipole warming in the western Indian Ocean, worsened by climate change, created higher than average evaporation off the African coastline. This water vapour fell inland as rainfall over Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan, causing massive floods.3 Since then, in the Sudd wetlands of central and north-eastern South Sudan, seasonal rains have been falling on already saturated land and adding to the floodwater. Large areas of the country have been submerged year-round and there have been sudden floods in new areas unaccustomed to them. At the same time, South Sudan has been struggling to move towards peace in the wake of its 2013-18 civil war, with many armed groups still fighting, and historical conflicts with Sudan dating back decades. The impact of flooding on the security environment and overall fragility of South Sudan has received high-profile attention.4,5 The severe floods – together with recurrent outbreaks of violence, weak governance, persistent underlying poverty and a lack of basic infrastructure and services – have created a complex humanitarian crisis and prevent the young nation (which gained independence in 2011) from achieving sustainable and equitable peace, resilience and development. The interconnectedness of these dynamics, and the need to approach these problems holistically, is increasingly acknowledged by high-level actors through discussion around the Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) nexus, sometimes called the ‘triple nexus’.4 This brief describes the interconnected problems of the HDP nexus in the context of South Sudan through a focus on flooding. It also has wider relevance to other countries in the region, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan, that are experiencing similar self-reinforcing cycles of humanitarian, peace and developmental crises, exacerbated by floods.6 In particular, the brief describes the multidimensional impacts of flooding on peace, health, livelihoods and governance. The brief also provides an overview of flood response efforts and innovations, and public attitudes towards them. The brief emphasises the need to link short-term humanitarian efforts with longer-term peacebuilding and development efforts through meaningful collaboration between actors working in these often-siloed spaces.
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Hunter, Janine. Street Life in the City on the Edge: Street youth recount their daily lives in Bukavu, DRC. StreetInvest, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001257.

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Bukavu, a city on the shores of Lake Kivu on the eastern edge of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is home to over one million people, many displaced by poverty and the consequences of armed conflicts that continue to affect the east of the country. More than 10,000 street children and youth live here in street situations. 19 street youth helped to create this story map by recording all the visual data and sharing their stories about their daily lives. The story map includes 9 sections and 2 galleries showing street children and youth’s daily lives in Bukavu and the work of Growing up on the Streets civil society partner PEDER to help them. Chapters include details of how street children and youth collect plastics from the shores of Lake Kivu to sell, they cook, and share food together, or buy from restaurants or stalls. Young women earn their living in sex work and care for their children and young men relax, bond and hope to make extra money by gambling and betting. The original language recorded in the videos is Swahili, this has been translated into English and French for the two versions of the map.
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African Academy Development: Strengthening Southern African Development Community (SADC) Science Academies for better service to society workshop. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2023/91.

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The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), SADC Secretariat, and Lesotho Academy for Science and Technology (LAST) jointly hosted a SADC Academies Workshop on 5 December 2022 on the sidelines of the World Science Forum 2022. The Workshop was hosted in Cape Town, South Africa at the Park Inn Hotel. The workshop objective was to facilitate the strengthening of Academies’ role in the development and utilization of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystem, as well as policy formulation and implementation. Academies from eleven SADC Member States, DSI, SADC Secretariat, and United Nations Technology Bank for Least Developed Countries (UNTB LDC) participated in the workshop. The UNTB LDC and the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) have been instrumental partners in establishing science Academies in Angola, Lesotho, Democratic Republic of Congo and Malawi. The Angola Academy of Science (AAS), LAST, and Botswana Academy of Science as some of the recently established academies presented on respective progress to date. Progress by the newly established Academies was appreciated as successful and it was agreed that more needs to be done collaboratively to support these Academies, including joint fund raising and science advisory activities with older Academies. Additionally, it was agreed that the African Academy has to establish and strategically maintain partnerships with policy makers (government), business, civil society, and STI ecosystem if the role and value of Academies is to be strengthened. As a workshop outcome, a SADC Academies Working Group was established to steer the crafting of guidelines; the group consists of ASSAf, LAST, Academy of Sciences in Malawi, Kingdom of Eswatini Academy of Sciences, Academie Congolaise du Sciences, Zimbabwe Academy of Science, and SADC Secretariat. Additionally, UNESCO, NASAC, and UNTB LDC will be invited into the Working Group as they are key partners in operationalization of the African Academy.
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Community Land Rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): A Summary of 2020 Analyses. Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/lbnd2379.

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This summary highlights findings of three RRI studies conducted in 2020 as they relate to the DRC. This document explains what these three studies mean for the DRC and aims to equip local communities and civil society organizations (CSOs) with data to advance their advocacy work to influence future reforms, and help the government, donors, private sector actors, and conservationists make informed decisions.
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