Journal articles: 'Congo (Democratic Republic) – History'

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MacGaffey, Wyatt. "Am I Myself? Identities In Zaire, Then and Now." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (December 1998): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679299.

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It is useful, for the sake of my topic today, that since I declared my title the Republic of Zaire (in May 1997) changed its identity, or at least, resumed one of its former names, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The change is also a nuisance, because the new/old name revives the likelihood of confusion not only with ex-Zaire's neighbour across the Zaire River, the Republic of Congo, but also with the people called BaKongo, who owned the name in the first place. I will try to explain all that in a moment.

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Leinweber, Ashley E. "The Muslim Minority of the Democratic Republic of Congo." Cahiers d'études africaines, no. 206-207 (June 1, 2012): 517–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.17091.

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Dunn, Kevin C., and F. Scott Bobb. "Historical Dictionary of Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)." International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 2 (2000): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220713.

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Mukuku, Olivier, Pascal Nawej, Marcellin Bugeme, Frank Nduu, Paul Makan Mawaw, and Oscar Numbi Luboya. "Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo." Neurology Research International 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5621461.

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Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, but the majority of epilepsy patients in sub-Saharan countries do not receive appropriate treatment. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly in Lubumbashi, very few epidemiological studies on epilepsy have emerged. This study aims to analyze demographic characteristics, semiology of epileptic seizures, and their etiologies in patients followed in hospital. Methods. This is a prospective descriptive study that enrolled 177 epileptic patients who performed a neurological consultation at the Centre Médical du Centre Ville (CMDC) in Lubumbashi (DRC) from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. Results. The mean age of the patients was 20.0 years (range: 5 months and 86 years). The male sex was predominant (57.1%). The mean age at the seizure onset was 13.1 years, and the mean duration between onset of seizures and consultation was 83.5 months. The family history of epilepsy was present in 27.7%. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most frequent (58.2%), followed by atonic generalized seizures (9.6%) and focal clonic seizures (8.5%). The etiology was found in 68 (38.4%) patients and was dominated by neurocysticercosis (26.5%), meningitis (25%), perinatal pathologies (20.6%), and head injury (20.6%). Conclusion. This study is a useful starting point from which health programs and health professionals can work to improve the diagnosis and quality of epilepsy management in our community.

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BARTSCH, DANIEL. "Hyleina kaphetea, a new genus and species of clearwing moths from tropical Africa (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiini)." Zootaxa 4286, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.9.

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A new species and genus of Sesiini, Hyleina kaphetea new gen. & new sp., from tropical Africa is described. The type series comprises twelve male specimens from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. Female specimens and life history are unknown.

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Zagabe Katambwe, Christophe. "Democratic Rotation, an Alternative to Power Sharing in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 68, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2023.1.05.

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"In this article, we outline the history and evolution of the Congolese people from their origins to independance with the State preceding the Nation. Concerning democracy accession to legislative power after independance, there is in DRC a curious rotation of political transition beyond various regime changes and arrangements of Power sharing occurred between community groups. However, there were noises, quarrels and or violences between linguistic socio-anthropological actors on the legitimacy of power, access to the presidential chair, which gave rise to inter group conflicts till the country is divided into three community groups : the Luba community of Félix Tshisekedi from CACH-USNA at the center of power, the Swahili community of Joseph Kabila from AMP-FCC who genially handed over power but also on its periphery, and the Kongo-Ngala community of Martin Fayulu from LAMUKA to the outskirts. The concept « Majority » has cleverly been exploited by those in power in order to subjugate and or exclude their protagonists. In the context of this article, we finally propose the model of Rotary Democratic called « Inculturated Democracy » by Isidore Ndaywel in « Congolese historiography, an essay of achievement ». An alternative model to « Power sharing method » generally presented as democracy model in which the group element constitutes an important criterium of participation in term of access to political power, mainly the legislative power and its executive. Keywords : DRC - Mesoconflict - Political shift - Liberal democracy - Power sharing – Democratic rotation "

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De Goede, Meike J. "‘Mundele, it is because of you’ History, Identity and the Meaning of Democracy in the Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 4 (November 4, 2015): 583–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000786.

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AbstractSince the signing of the Sun City peace agreement in 2002, the Democratic Republic of Congo has strived to democratise with limited success. This paper explores some of the challenges of the process of democratisation in the Congo. It does so not by looking at democratisation policies and practices, but by focusing on identity construction and how these identities manifest themselves in Congolese engagements with the process of democratisation as a process that is pursued in partnership with Western donors. The paper traces the construction of an understanding of democracy as a means to make an end to perpetual victimisation of Congolese people due to foreign interference in the Congo. The paper argues that the concept of democracy has acquired over time a meaning that creates a highly ambivalent engagement with the current democratisation process, and in particular with Western donors of this process, which are simultaneously perceived as the main obstacles to its successful realisation.

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Radowicz, Joanna. "Congo from Leopold II to Félix Tshisekedi." Historia i Polityka, no. 40 (47) (August 14, 2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2022.013.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country that has a significant number of natural resources that have not brought its inhabitants prosperity, but have become a cause of their exploitation and poverty instead. Congolese people have experienced many injustices for over a century mainly because of the political governance in the country. They suffer from hunger, numerous diseases and poverty; they also experience numerous violations of the human rights, including mass murders, rapes and mutilations, as well as the recruitments of child soldiers by the Congolese army and various armed groups from the Congo and neighbouring countries. The modern Democratic Republic of the Congo is an unstable state, particularly vulnerable to the actions of numerous rebel organizations. The causes of the contemporary socio-political situation in this country can be found primarly in its history, starting from the cruel times of Leopold II during the Belgian colonization, then through the Mobutu dictatorship and all subsequent presidents. The aim of the article is to present the undemocratic governments in the Congo, which led to the exploitation of its inhabitants and contributed to the current unstable situation of the country.

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Bobineau, Julien. "The Historical Taboo: Colonial Discourses and Postcolonial Identities in Belgium." Werkwinkel 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2017-0007.

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Abstract This article examines so-called colonial discourses in Belgium related to the former Sub-Saharan colony owned by Leopold II of Belgium which today is known as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) or the Congo-Kinshasa. Having introduced the colonial history of the DR Congo from the 15th century until 1910, the study starts with a discussion of Van den Braembussche’s concept of a ‘historical taboo’ and four ways of engaging with such implicit interdictions. Finally, an empirical analysis of colonial discourses in Belgium from the 1890s until today will be presented in conjunction with Belgium’s linguistic-cultural division, taking into account age-related divergence.

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Ngolo. "Vitiligo in the City of Bukavu ( Democratic Republic of Congo)." West Africa Journal of Medicine 39, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55891/wajm.v39i1.95.

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Background: Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by selective loss of melanocytes resulting in circumscribed, depigmented macules and patches. Although it does not cause physical pain that warrants a patient to complain, its effects can be psychological, leading to stigmatization and suicidal ideation. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim over a period of one year and 8 months (February 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020). The patients attending the dermatology-venereology services of the University Clinics of Bukavu (CUB) and the Saint-Luc Clinic of Bukavu (CSLB) were recruited into the study. It focused on patients received in consultation for vitiligo. The diagnosis of vitiligo was made based on clinical examination and when in doubt, a skin biopsy was carried out to confirm histological diagnosis. The data were entered and analysed using Epi info3.5.1. Results: The prevalence of vitiligo in this study was 2.0%. The mean age was 24.5 years and range from 6 months to 73 years. The age group most affected was 0 to 9 years with 41.9%. The female sex represented 61.3% and the M/F sex ratio was 1.5. Stress (12.9) and repeated trauma (6.5) were the most reported triggers. Family history was present in 29.0% of cases. Atopy (29.0%) and thyroiditis (9.7%) were the most common associated pathologies. Preferred lesion locations were the face (48.4%), external genitalia (41.9%) and extremities (22.6%). The predominant clinical form was non-segmental vitiligo (80.6%). Among the paraclinical examinations carried out, the inflammatory assessment was the most disturbed (9.7%). Conclusion: Vitiligo is a dermatosis that can affect anyone; regardless of gender, age or race. Authors M Ngolo 1, P Yassa 2, B Ndayazi 3

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Sidorova, Galina Mikhailovna. "Relations between USSR and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the Beginning of 1960s: Twists of History." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-197-209.

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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations with Congo on July 7, 1960, the ties between USSR and Africa have faced a big challenge. During the difficult years for Congo, after liberation from colonial dependence, the Soviet Union has always advocated the country’s territorial integrity and the internal problems diplomatic solution. However, the bloodshed in Congo could not be avoided. Despite the Soviet support of the legitimate Congo government headed by P. Lumumba, the Western countries, which did not want to lose their positions in resource-rich Congo have found a way to achieve a victory. A military coup led by Joseph-Desire Mobutu took place in the country and national leader Patrice Lumumba was killed in consequence of a murder plot. Moreover, Western countries have managed to use the UN headed by Dag Hammarskjöld for their own purposes, and it only aggravated the situation in the country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the key points of Soviet-African relations in the most difficult period for Congo - the beginning of 1960s. Basing on the documents of the Russian Foreign Ministry, the fundamental works of Russian and foreign Africanist historians, as well as the author’s own work experience in a number of African countries, the author focuses on the analyses of the Soviet Union efforts during the decolonization years, which aim was to stabilize the situation and establish the legitimate rule in the country. The author applies a systematic approach to study political institutions of power, the author also rely on the historical method to study the change of political formations, and an event analysis approach to summarize the information collected about the specific political situation. The author comes to the conclusion that today Africans cooperate only with those who supports their national interests, maintains the security or sovereignty, and comes to the rescue in case of humanitarian disasters and climatic cataclysms. In contrast to 1960s, Africa from a backward continent turned into a full-fledged player on the world arena, occupying important positions in the system of international relations. The voice of African leaders is heard from the UN General Assembly. In this regard, it is important to formulate new approaches and concepts of interaction with African states giving them if not priority, then at least not the last place in the foreign policy of Russia.

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BIDDULPH, George Elliot, Yannick Enock BOCKO, Pierre BOLA, Bart CREZEE, Greta C. DARGIE, Ovide EMBA, Selena GEORGIOU, et al. "Current knowledge on the Cuvette Centrale peatland complex and future research directions." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 350 (January 4, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36288.

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The Cuvette Centrale is the largest tropical peatland complex in the world, covering approximately 145,000 km2 across the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It stores ca. 30.6 Pg C, the equivalent of three years of global carbon dioxide emissions and is now the first trans-national Ramsar site. Despite its size and importance as a global carbon store, relatively little is known about key aspects of its ecology and history, including its formation, the scale of greenhouse gas flows, its biodiversity and its history of human activity. Here, we synthesise available knowledge on the Cuvette Centrale, identifying key areas for further research. Finally, we review the potential of mathematical models to assess future trajectories for the peatlands in terms of the potential impacts of resource extraction or climate change.

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Pushkina, Darya, and Rada Kalina. "USA Policy Towards United Nations: The Case of UN PKOs in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (March 2024): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.14.

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Introduction. This article examines United States policy towards United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UN PKOs) by analyzing the U.S. position towards peacekeeping operations in the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) to trace the evolution and specific features of this policy over time. The article attempts to answer the question: is U.S. policy toward UN PKOs defined by only national interest, or is there more to it? Methods and materials. The article analyzes U.S. official speeches and documents, UN official documents related to peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, American foreign policy doctrines, and academic literature on U.S. foreign policy, U.S.-UN relations, and UN PKOs in the DRC. Analysis. American policy towards UN peacekeeping operations in Congo in 1960–1964 and 1999–2022 is analyzed to identify the main trends in the USA’s approach toward UN PKOs. Results. The article concludes that U.S. policy towards the United Nations is defined by the combination of the national interest of the country and the ideas of American exceptionalism. Authors’ contributions. D. Pushkina defined the research focus of the article, examined academic literature on UN PKOs in Congo and relevant documents, and defined the main vectors of the research. R. Kalina examined academic literature about U.S.-UN relations, analyzed official U.S. statements on UN peacekeeping operations in Congo, and made conclusions.

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Mitima, Kashosi T., Steve Ntamako, Achippe M. Birindwa, Ntakwinja Mukanire, John M. Kivukuto, Kibendelwa Tsongo, and Kanigula Mubagwa. "Prevalence of colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 09 (September 12, 2014): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5030.

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Introduction: Maternal vaginal colonization by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has an important impact on neonatal health but has not been studied in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim of this study was to determine its frequency and influencing factors. Methodology: Vaginal samples (n = 509) for bacteriological analysis were collected from women in Bukavu, eastern DR Congo, during their third trimester of pregnancy, along with information about age, education and socio-economic status, and medical and obstetric-gynecological history. Results: The overall GBS colonization rate was 20%. Colonization was significantly associated with low education, history of urinary infection during the pregnancy, history of premature childbirth or abortion, and HIV-positive serology, but was not significantly associated with socio-economic level or parity. Conclusions: The GBS colonization rate is similar to that found elsewhere on the continent. Further studies, with follow-up of neonates of infected mothers and evaluation of prevention/treatment strategies, are needed.

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Bopoko, Bamenga, Ieben Broeckhoven, Bruno Verbist, Piet Stoffelen, and Theordore Trefon. "The history of robusta coffee cultivation in the Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of The Congo." African Journal of Social Issues 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajosi.v7i1.29.

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The study aims to trace the history of robusta coffee cultivation (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with particular emphasis on the Tshopo province. Both the enabling and disabling factors influencing the production of Robusta from 1881 to the present day were examined. The objective is to increase our understanding of conditions related to the cultivation of the Robusta coffee in Tshopo, given its potential as a major producer and the global shift towards robusta, in light of the challenges of climate change faced by coffee farmers. A literature review was conducted, based on archives and scientific papers. Robusta production has experienced boom and bust cycles in these periods. The fluctuation in coffee production in the DR Congo is due to the orientation of agricultural economic policies, particularly investments in research and infrastructure, and to political dynamics. Fluctuations in world coffee prices have accentuated, and sometimes created, these cycles. Thus, in order to enable the re-emergence of the DRC’s coffee sector, it is recommended that the primary focus should therefore be on creating of an enabling political and economic environment. Agronomic aspects and market integration should also be addressed.

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Jayeola, Tolulope. "Transitioning into a Green World: The Dark Side of Cobalt Mining." Journal of Mineral and Material Science (JMMS) 4, no. 6 (December 23, 2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/jmms/1076.

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In a gradual shift towards achieving cleaner and environmentally friendly energy sources, the electric vehicle industry has recorded tremendous growth over the last decade across Europe and America. Cobalt is a vital element used in the manufacture of certain technologies and it is now in high demand to produce lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones. The democratic republic of Congo has the largest known deposit of lithium copper with an estimated 130.000 metric tons being mined yearly. This study aims to highlight the downsides of the massive environmentally unfriendly processes of cobalt mining to foster the dream of having a non-fossil fuel-dependent world. In as much as the perceived benefits seem to be great, it is vital to consider the environmental damages caused because of the excessive mining of cobalt. Much emphasis is being placed on the democratic republic of Congo in this research as there are unaddressed issues of conflicts, war, and child labour all associated with the extraction of cobalt in the region. This study proposes some policy recommendations for a solution-oriented approach for both the government of the democratic republic of Congo and the international community in managing the associated conflict within the region as well as adhering to the sustainability development goals.

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Oslisly, Richard, Ilham Bentaleb, Charly Favier, Michel Fontugne, Jean François Gillet, and Julie Morin-Rivat. "West Central African Peoples: Survey of Radiocarbon Dates over the Past 5000 Years." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004830x.

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Tracing human history in west central Africa suffers from a scarcity of historical data and archaeological remains. In order to provide new insight into this problem, we reviewed 733 radiocarbon dates of archaeological sites from the end of the Late Stone Age, Neolithic Stage, and Early and Late Iron Age in Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Congo, and the western Democratic Republic of Congo. This review provides a spatiotemporal framework of human settlement in the forest biome. Beyond the well-known initial spread of Iron Age populations through central African forests from 2500 cal BP, it depicts the geographical patterns and links with the cultural evolution of the successive phases of human expansion from 5000 to 3000 cal BP and then from 3000 to 1600 cal BP, of the hinterland depopulation from 1350 to 860 cal BP, and of recolonization up to 500 cal BP.

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Pawlicki, Marek. "“A Flight from History”? Nadine Gordimer’s Congo Journey." Anglica Wratislaviensia 61, no. 2 (January 18, 2024): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.61.2.7.

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The aim of this article is to shed light on Nadine Gordimer’s political convictions in the context of the decolonization processes in the Belgian Congo (later the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the years 1960–61. The article begins with a brief overview of Gordimer’s political views. It is argued that while Gordimer’s stance in the early 1950s had been that of liberal humanism (an influence that came to her also from the reading of E. M. Forster), by the end of this decade she began to question its relevance in South Africa. As a result, she decided to redefine both her political and artistic views, trying to forge a vision that would be more attuned to her position as a white writer in postcolonial Africa. This attempt is visible in her essay “The Congo River” (1961), at whose centre lies an ambivalence: while Gordimer welcomes the political transformation in Congo with cautious optimism, she also demonstrates a tendency to de-emphasize the country’s colonial history by focusing on the natural habitat and describing it as an ahistorical space. This notion of nature is, to a large extent, a repetition of the colonial vision of the natural environment, which Gordimer unwittingly perpetuated, creating her own example of the socioecological unconscious.

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Sulu, Stanislas Maseb'a Mwang, Olivier Mukuku, Arnold Maseb Sul Sulu, François Musul Mukeng, Bienvenu Lebwaze Massamba, Désiré Kulimba Mashinda, Stanislas Okitotsho Wembonyama, Vicky Lokomba, and Antoine Tshimpi Wola. "Women’s breast cancer risk factors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Current Cancer Reports 4, no. 1 (2022): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ccr.2022.01.003.

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Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Risk factors for this disease are numerous and their prevalence varies according to racial and ethnic groups and geographical regions. Therefore, we sought to identify BC risk factors in the Congolese population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Nganda Hospital Center in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. One hundred and sixty patients with breast cancer (cases) were compared to 320 women who did not have BC (controls). STATA version 16 was used to analyze data with statistical significance considered at p < 0.05. Results: There is a strong association between BC in Congolese women and early menarche age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.3), family history of BC (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2-5.5), overweight (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7), and obesity (aOR = 7.3; 95% CI: 4.0-13.4). Conclusion: Our results indicate the presence of certain conventional risk factors. Thus, these results will be of great value in establishing adequate evidence-based awareness and preventive measures among the Congolese population.

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Denisova, Tatyana S., and Sergey V. Kostelyanets. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Political Instability and the Rwandan Factor." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-1-37-47.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been in a state of constant political instability since June 30, 1960, i.e., throughout the entire period of its independent development. The country has experienced a series of civil wars and local conflicts, the causes of which, as in other African countries, have been inter-ethnic and inter-confessional tensions, struggle for power and access to natural resources, inability of governments to control the situation in the periphery, etc. The peculiarity of the Congolese conflicts and DRC politics in general is the interference of external actors, primarily neighboring countries. Rwanda has played the greatest role in maintaining permanent instability in the DRC. This has been argued in numerous books and articles by Russian and foreign researchers, but Africanists have not yet carried out a comprehensive analysis of the historical background and contemporary factors of Rwanda’s influence on the situation in the DRC, and the present paper aims at filling this gap. The purpose of the study is to identify the political and economic motives for the presence of the Rwandan army on the Congolese territory, to examine the role of national leaders of the two states - P. Kagame, L.-D. Kabila, J. Kabila, and F. Tshisekedi - in the political development of the DRC, as well as the reasons for the conflict that broke out in 2022 between the DRC and Rwanda. The paper applies a comprehensive approach to the processes and phenomena under consideration, using the principles of comparative data analysis and critical assessment of information. The relevance of the topic of research is due to both the increase in political instability in Africa and in the world as a whole, and the noticeable increase in the influence of African countries on international political and economic processes.

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Kostelyanets, Sergey. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: the Rise of Islamic Radicalism." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024138-8.

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For over 60 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been in a state of political instability. There are dozens of rebel groups in the DRC that fight against the government and among themselves for control of human and natural resources. However, despite the enduring military and political crisis, which mostly affects the eastern regions of the country, the religious factor entered the stage only in the 2010s due to the onslaught of the terrorist group Alliance of Democratic Forces (ADF), whose leaders in 2019 swore allegiance to the Islamic State and began to identify themselves as the Islamic State's Central Africa Province (ISCAP). The present paper discusses the main milestones of the transformation of the ADF, which initially did not have a clear ideological and political program or sufficient combat power for independent attacks, into a large terrorist organization that poses a serious security threat to the DRC, Uganda, and a number of other African countries. The authors employ the theoretical and analytical framework and the systemic-historical method to characterize the activities of the ADF and conclude that, firstly, the transformation of the group was motivated above all by financial gain and, secondly, the “mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation” that takes place between the Islamists and local communities allows the group to carry out successful Islamization and recruitment of Congolese youth into its ranks, while the periodic operations of the armies of the DRC and Uganda aimed at destroying the group remain inconclusive.

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Dzhenchakova, Olga. "Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10-3 (October 1, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi60.

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The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

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Mian, Qaasim, Kasereka Masumbuko Claude, and Michael Hawkes. "1663. Community Engagement for Ebola Prevention in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S608—S609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1527.

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Abstract Background The second largest outbreak of Ebolavirus in history is currently ongoing in Eastern DRC. The epidemic is characterized by social resistance to foreign-led response teams. Trusted local health practitioners, including medical students, may be valuable social mobilizers in this challenging context. Methods We report on a student-led educational campaign to increase community awareness and engagement in EVD control efforts. We evaluated student and community participant satisfaction using standardized questionnaires. Results The outreach was conducted in November 2018, involving parades, speeches, branded banners and T-shirts, and interpersonal interactions in public spaces. Key messages, linked to previously identified resistant attitudes, included: “Ebola exists in Butembo,” “Bring infected family members to the Ebola Treatment Unit,” and “Leave burials to the official team.” Medical students (n = 355) and community participants (n = 319) evaluated the outreach campaign. Satisfaction was high: 320 (90%) students agreed that medical students could contribute to the EVD response effort, and 233 (73%) community members agreed that the students had helped them understand Ebola in the area. Lower satisfaction scores were associated with self-reported “resistant” attitudes (e.g., intention to hide infected family member from authorities, ρ = -0.25, P < 0.0001), denial of the existence of Ebola in the area (ρ = -0.17, P = 0.0018), and mistrust of the foreign response team (e.g., belief in mercenary motive, ρ = -0.11, P = 0.042). Higher satisfaction scores were associated with the view that local engagement was critical to ending the epidemic (ρ = +0.13, P = 0.017). Both students (77%) and community members (71%) agreed that they were more motivated to combat Ebola as a result of the outreach, suggesting that the activities fostered empowerment. Conclusion Medical students can lead satisfactory community engagement and educational activities during an EVD epidemic. As trusted local health agents, medical students may be valuable allies in building public trust and cooperation in this epidemic complicated by social resistance. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Vincent Danvene Gonda, Modeste Ndaba Modeawi, Ruphin Djolu Djoza, Colette Masengo Ashande, and Koto-Te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul Ngbolua. "Serious Side Effects Associated with the Administration of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Antigens after Immunisation: A Case Report from the Wapinda Health Area (North-Ubangi) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v6i1.1040.

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On March 10, 2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, there have been a total of 95,738 cases, comprising 95,736 confirmed cases and 2 probable cases, with 84,321 recoveries and 1,464 fatalities. Following the guidance of the World Health Organization (WHO), African nations have been actively working to establish and expand vaccination programs. Starting the vaccination campaign in the DRC on April 19, 2021, a total of 10,893,593 individuals, estimated to be 20.18% of the target population, have received vaccines. Among them, 882,106 individuals, or 1.65%, have received their first dose, while 8,576,320 individuals or 15.89% of the target population, and have been fully vaccinated. The Democratic Republic of the Congo aims to vaccinate 53.9 million people against COVID-19, according to the technical response secretariat. This article focuses on the post-vaccination symptoms observed in a resident of the Wapinda sector, Yakoma territory in Nord-Ubangi Province, which has raised curiosity and serves as the subject of discussion.

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Poole, Colin M., and Chris R. Shepherd. "Shades of grey: the legal trade in CITES-listed birds in Singapore, notably the globally threatened African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus." Oryx 51, no. 3 (April 13, 2016): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000234.

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AbstractThere are few published studies quantifying the volume of wildlife being traded through Singapore. We report on Singapore's involvement in the trade of avifauna listed on CITES based on government-reported data to CITES, with particular emphasis on Singapore's role in the trade of the globally threatened African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus. During 2005–2014 Singapore reported commercial import permits for 225,561 birds, from 35 countries, listed on CITES Appendices I and II, and the export of 136,912 similarly listed birds to 37 countries, highlighting the country's role as a major international transshipment hub for the global aviculture industry. Major exporters to Singapore included the Solomon Islands, the Netherlands, Taiwan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Africa. Major importers from Singapore included Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates and Japan. Singapore imported significant quantities of CITES-listed birds from African countries, including the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea and South Africa, a number of which have a history of abuse of CITES export permits, discrepancies in reported trade data, or an acknowledged lack of wildlife law enforcement capacity. Significant discrepancies were detected between import and export figures of CITES-listed avifauna reported by Singapore and its trading partners. Based on these findings we present three recommendations to improve the regulation and monitoring of the trade in CITES-listed bird species in Singapore.

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Larmer, Miles. "Nation-Making at the Border: Zambian Diplomacy in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751800052x.

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AbstractHow and where were new African nations made at the moment of decolonization? Focusing on the periphery rather than the center provides an insightful answer to this question: imposing national identity in border regions with mixed and mobile populations, dynamic migrant flows, and cross-border linkages was a task fraught with contradiction. This article explores the establishment of Zambian political and diplomatic space in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the activities of Zambian political and diplomatic representatives in the southern Congolese city of Elisabethville in the early-to-mid 1960s. It does not assess how effective these officials were in imposing a sense of Zambian national identity, but rather what their efforts reveal about the ideas and values that informed state elites’ assertions of national identity and their relationship to history, local identities, and moral codes regarding, among other things, customary authority and gendered behavior. The article argues that nation-making in newly independent states involved the assertion of not only state sovereignty over territorial space but also symbolic power, the right to classify, and the moral and political notions that underlay ostensibly bureaucratic, disinterested state structures. Analysis of the attempts of Zambia's first diplomatic representatives to establish and assert their notion of Zambian-ness reveals the fragility of new national identities and the extent to which elites sought to underpin these identities by the assertion of moral certainties.

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Nduhura, Alan Mihigo, Tharcisse Kayembe, Lydie Joelle Seudjip Nono, and Paulo Bunga Muntu. "Prevalence and psychological impact of acne in schools in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Our Dermatology Online 14, Supp 2 (November 5, 2023): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.2023s2.2.

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Context and objective: Acne affects approximately 80% of adolescents and impacts their quality of life. Our Objective was to: describe the quality of life of acne-prone schoolchildren in Kinshasa. Materials and method: This were a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in schools in Kinshasa for 2 months. Every student aged from 10 to 19 years, regularly enrolled, who gave their verbal consent and for whom parental consent was obtained, were included. Sampling was random at 4 degrees. The ECLA and CADI grids were used to assess acne severity and quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Associations between variables were assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered as the threshold of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of acne was of 58%, with a female predominance (54%) and a sex ratio of 1.2. The average age was 15.3±2.2 years, with extremes ranging from 11 to 19 years. 53.4% of the students had a heredofamilial history of acne. The mean age at onset was 13.1±1.9 years. The mean age at menarche was 11.5±3.3 years. Inflammatory lesions were numerous on the face (96.6%). 10.3% of students had severe acne. The total score of the ECLA grid varied from 2 – 19, with an average of 7.3 and a median of 7. The quality of life was slightly impaired in 87.7% of the cases without being linked to sex but associated with acne severity (p = 0.022). The high frequency of severe acne was observed in students with a moderate quality of life (27.8%). Conclusion: The alteration of the quality of life of a student with acne is effective in schools in Kinshasa, without proportionality with the seriousness of the pathology. The dermatologist to resort to the use of the ECLA and CADI grids for a comprehensive management of juvenile acne.

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MATHYS, GILLIAN. "BRINGING HISTORY BACK IN: PAST, PRESENT, AND CONFLICT IN RWANDA AND THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Journal of African History 58, no. 3 (October 19, 2017): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853717000391.

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AbstractThis article argues that on the borderland between eastern DRC and Rwanda, the past and its representations have been constantly manipulated. The cataclysmic events in both Rwanda and Congo since the 1990s have widened the gap between partial and politicized historical discourse and careful historical analysis. The failure to pay attention to the multiple layers in the production of historical narratives risks reproducing a politicized social present that ‘naturalizes’ differences and antagonisms between different groups by giving them more time-depth. This is a danger both for insiders and outsiders looking in. The answer is to focus on the historical trajectories that shape historical narratives, and to ‘bring history back in’.

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Yoon, Duncan M. "Africa, China, and the Global South Novel: In Koli Jean Bofane’s Congo Inc." Comparative Literature 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8255350.

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Abstract The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) presence in Africa has fundamentally changed globalization patterns. Most scholarship interrogates whether the Chinese presence is either a “new colonialism” or a “win-win” for development by focusing on economic or social scientific factors. In contrast, this article examines China as a trope in Congo Inc. (2014) by In Koli Jean Bofane. Congo Inc. is one of the first African novels to take the Africa-China relationship as central theme, depicting how Congolese actors negotiate the PRC’s presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The article examines the unexpected partnership of a trickster, Isookanga, and a stranded Chinese national, Zhang Xia, analyzing their partnership according to the relationship between time and globalization. The argument uses the concept of the postcolony’s durées to demonstrate how the narrative creates a global South temporality, which differentiates Africa-China patterns of globalization from previous instantiations. These durées include Isookanga’s digital consciousness enabled by a PRC-built cell tower; allusions to Chinese history; and Isookanga and Zhang Xia’s collaboration on Eau Pire Suisse. In sum Congo Inc.’s innovative temporality, embodied by the term mondialiste, signals a shift in type of postcolonial narrative toward the global South novel.

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Amaral, Filomena, and João Simão. "People’s Voices on the Sustainable Forest Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v9i1.299.

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Since the early 2000s, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been conducting a reform of its forestry sector with the publication of The Forest Code (2002). The implementation of this law, which aims to assure the participation of all stakeholders, has been evolving slowly since then. The present research aims to evaluate the knowledge local communities and indigenous people detain over the ongoing reform, and the expectations they created when negotiations over the implementation of industrial harvesting activities in their traditional territories began. By interviewing local people, we came to understand that insufficient knowledge regardin the law gathers with a lack of concern towards ecological or environmental matters and with the need of seeing basic needs satisfied; all this in a context in which different stakeholders’ responsibilities and negotiational terms are often misunderstood.

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Munene, José Justin Mbimbi Mayi, and Melanie L. J. Stiassny. "Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Check List 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.5.691.

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A list of fishes collected in the vicinity of Kikwit on the Kwilu River, a large left bank tributary of the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of Congo is provided. One hundred and thirteen species distributed in 21 families are reported, and of these 29 species are recognized as representing new records for the region. Lack of up-to-date taxonomic and distributional knowledge of African fishes, a problem particularly acute in the central Congo basin, is clearly reflected in this high number of range extensions. While preliminary, this contribution serves as a useful starting point for efforts to understand the ichthyofaunal composition and biogeographic history of the Kasai system; one of the most poorly documented river systems in central Africa.

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Mian, Qaasim, Kasereka Masumbuko Claude, Jack Underschultz, and Michael Hawkes. "842. Social Resistance Fuels Ebola Transmission in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.027.

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Abstract Background The second largest Ebola epidemic in history is currently raging in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Stubbornly persistent Ebola transmission has been associated with social resistance, ranging from passive noncompliance to overt acts of aggression toward Ebola response teams. Methods We explored community resistance using focus group discussions and assessed the prevalence of resistant views using standardized questionnaires. Results Despite being generally cooperative and appreciative of the foreign-led Ebola response, focus group participants provided eyewitness accounts of aggressive resistance to control efforts, consistent with recent media reports. Mistrust of Ebola response teams was fueled by perceived inadequacies of the response effort (“herd medicine”), suspicion of mercenary motives, and violation of cultural burial mores (“makeshift plastic morgue”). Survey questionnaires found that the majority of respondents had compliant attitudes with respect to Ebola control. Nonetheless, 78/630 (12%) respondents believed that Ebola was fabricated and did not exist in the area, 482/630 (72%) were dissatisfied with or mistrustful of the Ebola response, 60/630 (9%) sympathized with perpetrators of overt hostility, and 102/630 (15%) expressed noncompliant intentions in the case of Ebola illness or death in a family member, including hiding from the health authorities, touching the body, or refusing an official burial team. Denial of the biomedical discourse and dissatisfaction/mistrust of the Ebola response were statistically significantly associated with indicators of social resistance. Conclusion We concluded that social resistance to Ebola control efforts was prevalent among focus group and survey participants. Mistrust, with deep political and historical roots in this area besieged by chronic violence and neglected by the outside world, may fuel social resistance. Resistant attitudes may be refractory to short-lived community engagement efforts targeting the epidemic but not the broader humanitarian crisis in Eastern DRC. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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Nday, Guy Ilunga, Manix Banza Ilunga, Anasthasie Umpungu Ngalula, Olivier Mukuku, and Jules Thaba Ngwe. "Breast carcinoma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Characterization of hormone receptors." Current Cancer Reports 5 (March 26, 2024): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ccr.2023.01.006.

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Purpose: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and understanding its characteristics is crucial for effective treatment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate breast carcinomas as a function of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which can contribute to better management of breast cancer cases in the country.Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2016 in the cities of Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. Using non-random sampling, we collected 86 cases of breast carcinoma.Results: The study found that out of the 86 cases of breast carcinoma, 33 patients (38.3%) had both types of hormone receptors (ER+/PgR+), while 37 patients (43.0%) had negative results for both receptor types (ER-/PgR-). Additionally, 15 patients (17.4%) had only estrogen receptors. The study did not find any significant association between the presence of estrogen receptors and patient age, T stage, histological type, and Ki67 proliferation index. However, the study did observe that estrogen receptors were significantly more present in grade I and II tumors (74.4%) than in grade III tumors (40.4%) (Odds ratio=4.3 [1.7-10.8]; p=0.003).Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of hormone receptors in breast cancer cases in the DRC. Additionally, the study revealed a significant association between the presence of estrogen receptors and tumor grade, underlining the relevance of these markers in the characterization and treatment of the disease.

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Rich, Jeremy. "Zaire for Jesus: Ford Philpot’s Evangelical Crusades in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1966-1978." Journal of Religion in Africa 43, no. 1 (2013): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341242.

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Abstract This essay explores how Congolese Protestants developed a partnership with Kentucky-born Methodist evangelist Ford Philpot from 1966 to 1978. Philpot’s revival tours allowed Congolese clergy to negotiate as equals with U.S. Protestants, marking a major change from the dominant role of missionaries prior to independence in 1960. During and after Philpot’s crusades Congolese Protestants wrote Philpot about their spiritual views and their troubles in Mobutu’s Zaire. Instead of being merely passive followers of Philpot’s evangelical and charismatic preaching, Congolese sought to use him as a source of financial patronage as well as spiritual support. This essay questions common assumptions regarding U.S.-Congolese ties under Mobutu, and investigates how the rise of evangelical Christianity in postcolonial Africa was clearly shaped by cold war concerns as well as anxieties over national identity and the rise of African dictatorships.

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Van Der Zee, Jouke R., Kimberly Bernotas, Pedro H. N. Bragança, and Melanie L. J. Stiassny. "An Unexpected New Poropanchax (Cyprinodontiformes, Procatopodidae) from the Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." American Museum Novitates 2019, no. 3941 (October 10, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/3941.1.

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Marriage, Zoë. "Compliance Versus the Ragged Threat: Problem-Solving Security in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Civil Wars 15, no. 1 (March 2013): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2013.781300.

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Cook, Christopher R. "American Policymaking in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1996-1999: The Anti-Kabila Bias and the Crushing Neutrality of the Lusaka Accords." African and Asian Studies 9, no. 4 (2010): 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x534797.

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Abstract This article examines the development of American policy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Why did the U.S. become involved? I argue that Washington’s policy was based in how they framed the conflict. They chose to see it through the prism of Rwandan and Ugandan security needs. The Administration favored the narrative of genocide instead of contemplating a war of “partition and plunder.” This may not be surprising because Washington often privileges a Westphalian approach to security and ignores the role of economic sub-state actors. However, by doing so they exhibited a “crushing neutrality” towards Laurent Kabila.

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RICH, JEREMY. "MANUFACTURING SOVEREIGNTY AND MANIPULATING HUMANITARIANISM: THE DIPLOMATIC RESOLUTION OF THE MERCENARY REVOLT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, 1967–8." Journal of African History 60, no. 2 (July 2019): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000471.

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AbstractIn 1967, European and Katangese mercenaries revolted against the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) intervened to try to have the rebels peacefully leave the DRC. Katangese troops who fled to Rwanda with white mercenaries were forced by the Organization of African Unity and the Rwandan government to return to the DRC, where they were eventually executed. White mercenaries, under the protection of the ICRC and Rwanda, ultimately escaped Mobutu's wrath. Congolese and Rwandan leaders skillfully employed the ideal of African sovereignty and humanitarian rhetoric with its Western and African allies to ensure their consolidation of power.

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Carney, J. J. "The People Who Do All Things Together: Living Base Ecclesial Communities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Theological Studies 85, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 262–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405639241237474.

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This article analyzes the pastoral practice and ecclesiological vision of living base ecclesial communities (CEVBs) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo through a case study in the Diocese of Tshumbe. Contextualizing this within the broader history of Global South base communities, the author argues that CEVBs exemplify Vatican II’s people of God ecclesiology and Africa’s image of the church as the family of God. They also embody Pope Francis’s calls for a more synodal and dialogical church that empowers laity, provides opportunities for women’s leadership, and integrates faith and social concern.

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Yamusangie, Frederick. "Notes on the importance of theatre in the Democratic Republic of the Congo today." Journal of War & Culture Studies 3, no. 3 (January 2011): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jwcs.3.3.287_1.

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Ituna-Yudonago, Jean Fulbert, J. M. Belman-Flores, and V. Pérez-García. "An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 3 (September 23, 2015): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i3a2142.

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The development of refrigeration is a priority in all countries, given the multidimensional roles that it plays in the sustainable development of society. In developing countries, efforts are being made to catch up with the delayed experienced in the use of refrigeration. To achieve this goal, several countries are allowed to trace the history of refrigeration in their countries in order to understand the main causes of non-expansion, and then set up a new strategy of sustainable development for this technology. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a developing country that has experienced a very interesting history of refrigeration, but is still less known by the Congolese themselves as well as by scientists. This paper has traced out the outline in the history of refrigeration in the DRC. Surveys were conducted in the industrial, health, residential, commercial, and tourism sectors during the colonial and post-colonial period. Results showed that the use of refrigeration in the DRC has been remarkably observed in the industrial sector, especially in breweries, with a cooling capacity ranging from 50.1 thousand to 2.88 million kWh, about 5 659 % between 1929 and 1957; from 3 million to 26.5 million kWh, about 783.3 % between 1958 and 1980, and then dropped to 6.5 million kWh in 2004 before resuming its growth up to 11 million kWh in 2009. The variations in the use of refrigeration during the above periods significantly influenced the economy, in the sense that the economic and social indicators of the country grew from 0.415 to 0.430 between 1975 and 1985, and then declined to 0.375 in 2000, due to political instability, before rising up to 0.410 in 2005.

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Kim, Kwang-Su. "Contextualising Historical and Cultural Identities with Exhibitions of the New National Museum in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v8i2.328.

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A new National Museum of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MNRDC) was established as a cultural Official Development Assistant (ODA) project by the Korean government. It opened on 23 November 2019 in Kinshasa. The objectives of the new museum are to promote the history and culture of various ethnic groups, protect heritage and exhibit cultural diversity in order to unify the people and the nation, and educate the public about the DRC history and culture. However, the exhibitions do not meet the objectives of the National Museum nor do they contextualise the history and cultural identity of the DRC. In order for the MNRDC to function as a national museum or a central national museum, its exhibition must be reconstructed in such a way that meets its purposes while historical artefacts accurately representing the DRC’s history must be displayed.

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Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Jacques B. Emina, Paul Denis K. Nzita, and Francesco P. Cappuccio. "Diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, and fever among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Social Science & Medicine 68, no. 9 (May 2009): 1728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.004.

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Messina, Jane P., Michael Emch, Jeremie Muwonga, Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa, Samuel B. Edidi, Nicaise Mama, Augustin Okenge, and Steven R. Meshnick. "Spatial and socio-behavioral patterns of HIV prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Social Science & Medicine 71, no. 8 (October 2010): 1428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.025.

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Polepol, François Maheshe, Olivier Mukuku, Alfred Chasumba Murhula, Marcellin Bugeme, Théophile Barhwamire Kabesha, Stanis Okitotsho Wembonyama, and Zacharie Kibendelwa Tsongo. "Epidemiological and clinical features of epileptic patients in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Neurology & Stroke 12, no. 4 (July 12, 2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2022.12.00506.

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Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions but the majority of epileptic patients in sub-Saharan African countries do not receive appropriate treatment. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), very few epidemiological studies have been conducted on epilepsy. The objective of this study was to describe socio-demographic characteristics, the type of epileptic seizures, and etiological factors of these seizures in a hospital cohort of epileptic patients followed at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma (in the DRC). Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 917 epileptic patients received in neurology consultation at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma (in the DRC) from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2021. Results: The median age of patients was 16 years, the median age of the patients at onset of seizures was 13 years and the median time between onset of seizures and consultation was 8.0 months; 14.2% of had a family history of epilepsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most frequent (76.7%), followed by motor focal impaired awareness seizures (5.2%) and non-motor focal aware seizures (3.6%). The etiologic factor was found in 444 (48.4%) patients and was dominated by chronic alcoholism (20.9%), neurocysticercosis (17.6%), meningitis (14.6%), malnutrition (11.3%), cerebral malaria (8.3%), and head injury (7.7%). Conclusion: This study provides an epidemiological overview of epilepsy in Goma city. The etiological factors and types of seizures will dictate the best possible treatment options.

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Reagan, Ngonzo Kitumba, and C. T. Gumanda Kafeni. "Need for a pedagogy of large groups in Congo -Kinshasa." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 05 (May 28, 2022): 2377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i5.el08.

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This article starts from a constant according to which the classes of Kinshasa have become bloated because of the mismatch between the rhythm of the evolution of the school demand and the capacity of reception and possibility of supervision. An inadequacy justified by the state of the economies, especially the budgets allocated to education in the countries located south of the Sahara in which the Democratic Republic of Congo is located. In order to solve this large group problem in classrooms, a purely pedagogical solution is proposed in this work. This is group pedagogy. Teachers should therefore be trained in the pedagogy of large groups during retraining to enable them to take charge of these classes.

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Donoghue, John. "A Truly Free State in the Congo: Slavery and Abolition in Global Historical Perspective." Slavery Today Journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/uluw7758.

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The differences between slavery now and then are less important than the historical links that bind them, links in an awful chain of bondage that bind the history of the transatlantic slave trade from Africa to the resurgence of slavery in Africa today. As this article illustrates, nowhere is this truer, both in historical and contemporary terms, than in the Congo. The links binding the Congo to the history of human bondage were first forged in the crucible of early modern capitalism and they have been made fast by the proliferation of “free market reform” today, which despite the fundamentalist cant of its advocates, has hardly proven to be a force of human liberation; instead, placing the last 500 years of the Congo region in global context, we can see how capitalism has proven to be the world’s greatest purveyor of human bondage. The article concludes with an argument that the reconstruction of civil society in the Democratic Republic of Congo after decades of war, dictatorship, and neo-colonial rule depends crucially on the continued success of an already impressive Congolese abolitionist movement. Without making an end to slavery, once and for all, civil society can hardly prosper in a country where slavery has historically brought about its destruction.

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van Dorp, Lucy, Sara Lowes, Jonathan L. Weigel, Naser Ansari-Pour, Saioa López, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, James A. Robinson, et al. "Genetic legacy of state centralization in the Kuba Kingdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811211115.

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Few phenomena have had as profound or long-lasting consequences in human history as the emergence of large-scale centralized states in the place of smaller scale and more local societies. This study examines a fundamental, and yet unexplored, consequence of state formation: its genetic legacy. We studied the genetic impact of state centralization during the formation of the eminent precolonial Kuba Kingdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the 17th century. We analyzed genome-wide data from over 690 individuals sampled from 27 different ethnic groups from the Kasai Central Province of the DRC. By comparing genetic patterns in the present-day Kuba, whose ancestors were part of the Kuba Kingdom, with those in neighboring non-Kuba groups, we show that the Kuba today are more genetically diverse and more similar to other groups in the region than expected, consistent with the historical unification of distinct subgroups during state centralization. We also found evidence of genetic mixing dating to the time of the Kingdom at its most prominent. Using this unique dataset, we characterize the genetic history of the Kasai Central Province and describe the historic late wave of migrations into the region that contributed to a Bantu-like ancestry component found across large parts of Africa today. Taken together, we show the power of genetics to evidence events of sociopolitical importance and highlight how DNA can be used to better understand the behaviors of both people and institutions in the past.

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McNaughton, Andrew, Nessika Karsenti, Jason Kwan, Asal Adawi, Saniya Mansuri, and Andrea K. Boggild. "Primary Varicella Infection in a Young Adult from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Case Report and Mini-Review." Infectious Disease Reports 16, no. 4 (July 19, 2024): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr16040048.

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We describe a case of an immunocompetent adult male patient originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), who was referred to our unit for a several-day history of fever and a pruritic, vesicular rash. There was initial concern in the Emergency Department for Mpox (formerly known as “monkeypox”) given the current epidemiology versus other viral etiologies. Primary varicella zoster virus (pVZV) infection was ultimately diagnosed by PCR from a swabbed, unroofed lesion, and he recovered completely with supportive management and without antiviral therapy. We herein describe how common viral exanthems may best be differentiated in an emergency or outpatient setting.

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Hubau, Wannes, Jan Van den Bulcke, Joris Van Acker, and Hans Beeckman. "Charcoal-inferred Holocene fire and vegetation history linked to drought periods in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Global Change Biology 21, no. 6 (February 6, 2015): 2296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12844.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Congo (Democratic Republic) – History'

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