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Journal articles on the topic 'Congo (French)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Glucksmann, Eloïse. "Commisimpex v. Republic of Congo." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 2 (2017): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.30.

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The law in France regarding waivers of foreign state (or sovereign) immunity from execution of judicial judgments (based largely on consideration of international law principles) has recently undergone significant developments. Previously, French case law had required a foreign state's waiver of immunity from execution to be both express and specific to consider valid the attachment of foreign state property allocated to public services (including bank accounts used for the functioning of both diplomatic missions and delegations to international organizations). In 2015, the French Court of Cas

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2

de Goede, Meike J. "Duress and Messianism in French Moyen-Congo." Conflict and Society 4, no. 1 (2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2018.040115.

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The Matsouanist religion in Congo-Brazzaville has its roots in Amicale, a sociopolitical association and movement that aimed to improve the rights of colonial subjects that emerged in the late 1920s. After its leader, André Matsoua, died in prison, the movement transformed into a religion that worships Matsoua as a prophet. In this article, I argue that this transformation should be understood not as a rupture but as continuation, albeit in a different discursive domain. This transformation was steered by duress, or the internalization of structural violence in everyday life under colonialism.

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Ambapour, Samuel, Rufin Bidounga, and Stève Mboko Ibara. "Survie des enfants et pauvreté au Congo : application d'un modèle de durée." African Journal of Applied Statistics 2, no. 1 (2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/ajas/2015.1.39.74.

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Мариноха-Михальская, Светлана Викторовна, та Ольга Васильевна Николаева. "Функционирование библеизмов «Ange» и «Démon»во французском языке Республики Конго". Дальневосточный филологический журнал 2, № 4 (2024): 190–200. https://doi.org/10.24866/2949-2580/2024-4/190-200.

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Biblical terms are a multifaceted linguistic phenomenon, reflecting values of a certain society. In this regard, a more detailed linguo-axiological analysis of this part of the vocabulary is deemed relevant. The analysis is based on media discourse in the French language of the Republic of Congo. The present study focuses on thematic systematization of the types of discourse that use the biblical terms “Ange” and “Démon”. The purpose of this paper is to categorize the specifics features of the biblical terms “Ange” and “Démon”, based on their functioning in the French language of the Republic

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5

Schouten, Manon. "Kikongo in the High North: Swedish Sources on Moyen Congo." History in Africa 45 (April 17, 2018): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.2.

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Abstract:This report presents the archives of the Swedish Mission Association [SMF] (Svenska Missionsförbundet) which operated in French Moyen Congo during the Interbellum. The archives are part of the Swedish National Archives (Riksarkivet) in Stockholm and could be seen to provide a counterweight to French official administrative records.

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Fraiture, Pierre-Philippe. "Modernity and the Belgian Congo." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 1 (2017): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3463.

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This article will explore the intellectual context in which French-Belgian colonial writing developed from the turn of the twentieth century to the late 1930s. This period is marked by a gradual shift from evolutionism to cultural relativism. The analysis will first focus on the Tervuren colonial exhibition of 1897 and the progressive emergence of Belgian africanism in the early twentieth century. Secondly, it will account for the ways in which this overall context bore witness to new and somewhat less Eurocentric conditions of possibility. Subsequently, the article will attempt to draw parall

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Cornille, Jean-Louis, and Julie Ramilison. "Céline au Congo." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no. 1 (2017): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tvl.v.54i1.8.

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If Louis-Ferdinand Céline au Congo influence on 20th century French literature is widely acknowledged, one is less aware of the influence left by his Journey to the end of the night on contemporary postcolonial Francophone Literature. In spite of the racist nature of his ideology, Célines profoundly "oralized" body of works showed the way to later generations on how to combine the written and the spoken word - a question which is at the core of contemporary francophone literature, as produced in Africa and in the Caribbean Islands. This is why writers such as Patrick Chamoiseau and Alain Maban

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Ferreira-Meyers, Karen. "Book Review: Rachel Jean-Baptiste, Multiracial Identities in Colonial French Africa: Race, Childhood, and Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023." NETSOL: New Trends in Social and Liberal Sciences 10, no. 1 (2025): 43–44. https://doi.org/10.24819/netsol2025.5.

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In Multiracial Identities in Colonial French Africa, Rachel Jean-Baptiste offers a groundbreaking, richly textured exploration of how métis individuals navigated and contested racial, social, and legal boundaries in French West Africa (FWA) and French Equatorial Africa (FEA) between 1895 and 1960. Building on archival and oral history research in Senegal, Gabon, Congo, and France, Jean-Baptiste significantly advances scholarship on colonial race-making, citizenship, and childhood, while also carving out space for the voices and agency of multiracial Africans.

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Martínez, Julia. "‘Unwanted Scraps’ or ‘An Alert, Resolute, Resentful People’? Chinese Railroad Workers in French Congo." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000296.

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AbstractIn the late 1920s, the colonial government of French Equatorial Africa decided to employ Chinese workers to complete their railway line. The employment of Chinese indentured labor had already become the subject of considerable international criticism. The Chinese government was concerned that the French could not guarantee worker health and safety and denied their application. However, the recruitment went ahead with the help of the government of French Indochina. This article explores the nature of Chinese worker protest during their time in Africa and their struggle against French no

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Wiesinger, Evelyn. "Non-French lexicon in Guianese French Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 34, no. 1 (2019): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00027.wie.

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Abstract Guianese French Creole1 (GFC) is one of the least studied French Creoles, which is especially true with respect to its non-French-related input. Combining sociohistorical, demographic and linguistic data, this contribution gives a first lexico-etymological account of the GFC lexicon of non-French origin, including Amerindian and Portuguese influences and especially the quantitative and qualitative nature of the contribution made by different Niger-Congo languages. These findings are discussed in light of controversial hypotheses on the particular influence of early numerical and/or so

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Maharani, Sandra Putri, Indah Nevira Trisna, and M. Sukirlan. "La Variété Méthode de Traduction dans Une Bande Désinée Tintin au Congo Traduite par Donna Widjajanto et Son Implication dans L’apprentissage Français." Didacticofrancia Journal Didactique du FLE 12, no. 2 (2024): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/didacticofrancia.v12i2.73872.

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Cette éttude vise à décrire la variété méthode de traduction dans une bande déssinée Tintin au Congo par Hergé (1960) et sa traduction par Donna Widjajanto (2016), et aussi son implication dans l’apprentissage français. Cette étude a utilisé la méthode qualitative descriptive, pour collecter de données, cette étude utilise la méthode dóbservation et de prise de note. La donnée dans cette étude sont dialogues, pendant que la source de données est une bande déssinée Tintin au Congo par Hergé et sa traduction par Donna Widjajanto page 1 à page 31. Le résultat de cette étude indique qu’il existe 5

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Reyntjens, Filip. "Recent Developments in the Public Law of Francophone African States." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006501.

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The origin of the initial African constitutions is easy to establish. While the former British territories “received” their Westminster-type constitutions negotiated during the Lancaster House conferences, the former French territories, except Guinea, became independent under constitutions drawing heavily upon the constitution of the Fifth French Republic, of which they were virtual copies. Among the countries formerly under Belgian rule, the Congo (Zaïre) was the only one attaining independence with a constitution, theLoi fondamentaleof 1960 which was an Act of the Belgian Parliament.Therefor

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Cumming, Gordon D. "Burying the hatchet? Britain and France in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 4 (2011): 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000474.

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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of conflict in the Great Lakes Region, the UK and France promised, at their 1998 Saint-Malo summit, to set aside rivalries and cooperate on Africa. In subsequent Anglo-French gatherings, they singled out the DRC and pledged to work together there to promote peace and tackle poverty. This article asks whether this coordination took place and whether it involved a ‘deconflictualisation’ of approaches, ‘coincidental’ cooperation, or ‘sustained and reciprocal’ collaboration. It looks for evidence of institutionalisation of UK-French ties and policy cooperation in the

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KALVA MWENE-MUBAMBI, Simon Pierre. "Le degré de la maîtrise de l’orthographe d’usage des finalistes du secondaire de la Ville de Mbujimayi (2019-2020)." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 08 (2022): 2477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i8.el02.

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In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the French language remains an official language and the vehicle of teaching at both high school and tertiary education. A great dead of reseachers have drawn a conclusion in their investigations that the learners have difficulties writing the French language even at higher level of the inside educational system. They don’t have the mastery of neither standard spelling nor grammatical spelling.This study is a initical analysis that assesses the high school finalists’ performances and determines their level of the standard spelling of the French language. Th

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Sah, Zéphirin, and Raymond Menga-Poaty. "Memory and likeness of Fulbert Youlou (1947-1963)." International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no. 1 (2023): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i1.203.

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Under the colonial period, certain leaders of sub-Saharan Africa having received intellectual training gradually asserted themselves in the political arena. Among this elite, one of the emblematic figures is Abbé Fulbert Youlou, one of the fathers of the independence of the Congo between 1960 and 1963. He belongs to the Kongo ethnic group whose members were under French colonization, the head poster of the intellectual elite known as "the evolved" prepared to succeed the colonizer. This study displays the portrait of this character who marked the history of the young Republic of Congo. The dut

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Pype, Katrien. "‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ in Congo studies: an overview of themes and debates." Africa 92, no. 1 (2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000863.

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AbstractThis article considers the uptake of Achille Mbembe’s article ‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ (1992), the book De la Postcolonie: essai sur l’imagination politique dans l’Afrique contemporain (2000) and its translated version, On the Postcolony (2001), in Congo studies. ‘Congo’ here is a shorthand for the current Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire. The article is concerned with the ways in which these two English-language texts (and their original French versions) figure in the social sciences and the humanities, specifically in the field of study relating to Z

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Njoh, Ambe J. "The segregated city in British and French colonial Africa." Race & Class 49, no. 4 (2008): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968080490040602.

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A number of different techniques and rationales were used by the French and British colonial authorities to racially segregate cities in Africa - from the use of planning by-laws requiring European building materials, to the requiring of fluency in European languages in specific areas of towns. Here, the ways in which town planning policies were used to segregate cities in Madagascar, Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Nigeria are considered.

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Katabe, Isidore M., and Eustard R. Tibategeza. "Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 2, no. 1 (2023): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.1.58.

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This paper concentrates on the language-in-education policy and practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) particularly in Kalemie region. It intends to examine the practicality of language-in-education policy in schools and to examine the challenges pertaining to the implementation of the language of education policy. Data collection was done in four schools, two primary and two secondary schools in Kalemie region. The study employed a qualitative approach and the data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary review. Simple random sampling

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Nkaya, Henri Nsika, Michel Huteau, and Jean-Pierre Bonnet. "Retest Effect on Cognitive Performance on the Raven-38 Matrices in France and in the Congo." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 2 (1994): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.503.

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Raven's Standard Matrices were administered three times to students in their sixth year of schooling in France and in the Congo. When self-paced, 63 French and 88 Congolese students progressed moderately from Tests 1 to 2 and made no progress from Sessions 2 to 3. When timed, the French and Congolese subjects progressed rapidly from Sessions 1 to 2 (with a sharper progression by the French subjects) but only the Congolese progressed from Sessions 2 to 3. A simple retest procedure emerges as a poor candidate for correcting biases based on imbalances in familiarity with problem situations and th

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Tomolya, János. "Operation “Artemis” : The First Autonomous EU-led Operation." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 14, no. 1 (2015): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2015.1.11.

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In June 2003, the EU launched Operation “Artemis”, its first military mission outside Europe and independent of NATO, to the Democratic Republic of Congo. While it ultimately received an EU badge, its origin, command and control were French. The objective of Operation “Artemis” was to contribute to the stabilisation of the security conditions in Bunia, capital of Ituri, to improve the humanitarian situation, and to ensure the protection of displaced persons in the refugee camps in Bunia. Its mandate was to provide a short-term interim force for three months until the transition to the reinforc

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Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.

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The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the

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Xavier, Subha. "Alain Mabanckou’s migrant cosmopolitanism." Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture 9, no. 2 (2018): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cjmc.9.2.155_1.

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Writer Alain Mabanckou, originally from the Republic of the Congo, has worked his way to literary stardom in the French-speaking world and beyond by harnessing a creative ethos born of a cosmopolitan sensibility that is steeped in his experiences of migration as a black man. Living, writing, speaking and teaching between three continents, Mabanckou’s prolific literary output betrays a conflicted relationship to French-speaking Africa’s literary past, and draws on tropes of pastiche and irony to set itself within a global literary framework that demands a world audience. The writer’s work and p

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K., Honoré Belesi Katula, and Piet Stoffelen. "Une nouvelle espèce de Pancovia (Sapindaceae) de l'Afrique centrale." Plant Ecology and Evolution 144, no. (2) (2011): 237–39. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.441.

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<b>A new species of</b> <b>Pancovia</b> <b>(Sapindaceae) from Central AfricaBackground</b> – A novelty was discovered by the first author during fieldwork in the Democratic Republic of Congo. After comparing to herbarium collections in BR, K and WAG it is described. <b>Methods</b> – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied. <b>Key results</b> – A new species, <i>Pancovia lubiniana</i> Belesi, is described and illustrated. The species is found in the lowland forest of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. It is particular by its number of leaflets and the surface sculpturi

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Berenson, Edward. "The politics of atrocity: The scandal in the French Congo (1905)." Historia y Política: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales, no. 39 (April 17, 2018): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18042/hp.39.05.

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De Goede, M. J. "Resistance and exclusion in matsouanist narratives of decolonization in French Congo." French History 32, no. 4 (2018): 554–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/cry093.

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Boutin, Béatrice Akissi. "Décrire le français en relation aux langues en contact." Journal of Language Contact 7, no. 1 (2014): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00701003.

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It is not possible to explain what happens to French syntax in a situation of close contact with one or more languages, solely in terms of French. How then can we describe French in relation to the languages in contact? We first discuss the early research of Gabriel Manessy and their development by a number of linguists, and later show the importance of exploring several properties of the constructions under study in comparing languages, in order to place them within the context of general language processes. Furthermore, we will insist on the need to go beyond the forms at issue by focusing o

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Fabian, Johannes. "Forgetful Remembering: A Colonial Life in the Congo." Africa 73, no. 4 (2003): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2003.73.4.489.

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AbstractSocial memory, cultural memory, culture as memory, and memory as culture, landscape and memory, places of memory, regimes of memory—all these have been prominent topics in cultural studies, also in anthropology; in this work, attention is usually paid to remembering. Based on several prior inquiries into popular historiography and local regimes of memory, this paper is an attempt to include forgetting in a model of ‘memory work'. What this entails is shown with ethnographic evidence, the recording of a conversation made in Lubumbashi in 1986 with one of the African pioneers of the town

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Sanko, Hélène. "Considering Molière in Oyônô-Mbia's Three Suitors: One Husband." Theatre Research International 21, no. 3 (1996): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015352.

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Juxtaposed these quotations, which are separated by three centuries and two continents, suggest that seventeenth-century classical French drama serves as a model for African theatre of the early post-colonial period. The first quotation is, of course, from Moliere, the Old Regime's brilliant comic writer. The second is taken from a play by Oyônô-Mbia, a contemporary dramatist from Cameroon. Given the powerful grip France held over its colonies, it is not surprising to find residual influence of France's theatrical culture on African drama. By the end of World War One, French authority in sub-S

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Ngondzi, Elenga Bienvenu, and Georges Miembaon. "Monseigneur Émile Verhille, premier évêque du diocèse d'Owando au nord-Congo : portrait et œuvre (1951-1968)." Revue gabonaise d'histoire et archéologie, no. 14 (December 7, 2024): 35–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14728456.

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Missionary French origin spiritain, Mgr Emile Verhille is named in June first 1951 bishop of the Catholic church of the diocese of Owando, at the time Strong Rousset, a colonial city in the north - Congo. Following a nervous breakdown in January 1968, he resigns of his load of bishop of Owando March 02, 1968. The course of the seventeen years of his episcopate is laudatory. He has his asset the numerous missions Catholics foundation and stations on the stream (Congo and Oubangui). Besides, he gives back life to some previous missions, initiated by his predecessor Mgr Prosper Philippe Augouard

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya. "The Congolese Government and its Performance in Cultural and Political Matters: 1960-2021, Assessment and Perspectives." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 40, no. 2 (2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v40.2.5410.

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The sixties were marked by independence in Africa. During this period, several events took place. The original institutions have been confirmed. A French-speaking space was created: the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, which later became the IOF. The latter is nowadays equipped with several structures of which the Congo has been a member since 1981. This gathering of French-speaking countries on a cultural basis has imposed the establishment of a rule of law in the various member countries. In its space, the OIF promotes the values of democracy, human rights and sustainable devel

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Gulliver, Katrina. "Gabrielle Vassal (1880–1959): collecting specimens in Indochina for the British Museum (Natural History), 1900–1915." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 1 (2020): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0619.

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Gabrielle Maud Vassal and her husband Joseph Marguerite Jean-Baptiste Vassal, a physician in the French Colonial Service, supplied bird and mammal specimens from French Indochina and later from French colonies in Africa (Gabon, Congo) to the British Museum (Natural History) between 1900 and 1930. Gabrielle Vassal was a keen naturalist and an engaging correspondent, and many of her letters are preserved. The couple moved to Indochina (Vietnam) in 1904, and this paper focuses on her time there prior to the First World War, and how she built a relationship, both professional and personal, with st

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya. "The Contribution of The Organization of La Francophonie (OIF) in Political Matters in The Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2021." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no. 2 (2024): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i2.256.

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The 1960s witnessed the wave of independence in Africa, shaping the course of history and leading to the confirmation of original institutions. Notably, a French-speaking space emerged during this era, giving rise to the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, later evolving into the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF). Since 1981, the Congo has been an active member of the OIF, contributing to the cultural and political dimensions of this francophone alliance. This research delves into the collaboration between the OIF and the Congo from 1981 to 2016, spanning crucial p

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Naguydem, Mabiala Roland. "非洲法语为母语汉语学习者对汉语可能补语形的掌握情况观察——以刚果（布）为例". Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studies 3, № 1 (2025): 87. https://doi.org/10.20961/sinolingua.v3i1.99090.

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<p>This paper takes the existing teaching model of high schools in Congo-Brazzaville as a case study with the aim of identifying potential areas for improvement, with a view to optimising the potential complement form, which is a feature of native Chinese grammar teaching in Congo-Brazzaville. Through an empirical analysis of Chinese Congolese learners in Congo, it was observed that they were able to master the possible complement structures of affirmative “V+de+C”, negative’V+not+C” and interrogative “V+de+C+V+not+C/V+de+C?”. The empirical analyses were conducted, and the following conc

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Molongo Mokondande, Médard. "Effet de flambage sur le pouvoir rejetonnant de bananier plantain (Musa sapientum L.) in situ à Gbado-Lite en République Démocratique du Congo." Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 2, no. 3 (2022): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.023.v2.i3.45.

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La présente étude a pour objet celui de tester l’effet de flambage sur le pouvoir rejetonnant de bananier plantain (Musa sapientum L.) in situ à Gbadolite en République Démocratique du Congo. Pour ce faire, un essai en blocs complets randomisés a été conduit en utilisant les variétés locales notamment Yongo, Mosantu et Ngbangele respectivement les cultivars de types french, vrai et faux corne, disposés en lignes pairées; donc, 4 blocs et 3 traitements qui sont 3 types de bananier plantain chacun représenté par un cultivar dont certains échantillons ont été flambés et d’autres non flambés. Il a

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya, and Dominique Oba. "The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.315.

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Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya, and Dominique Oba. "The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.315.

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Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the

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Fay, J., Y. Madzou, and A. Moukassa. "Capital city artisan markets in Africa and their impact of elephants: a case study from the Republic of Congo." Pachyderm 22 (December 30, 1996): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v22i1.867.

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Only the abstract and a short summary of the presentation and following discussion was published. All ivory observed to be sold by four retailers from September 1994 through to September 1995 in Marche Plateau, the largest artisans retail market place selling ivory in the Congo, was recorded noting the artifact sold, the price and the nationality of the purchaser. Much of the ivory was sold to people form neighbouring African states for re-sale followed by tourists from Europe, Asia and the Middle East. A total of 1,178 people bought 683kg of ivory with the North Africans buying the largest av

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Creevey, Lucy, Richard Vengroff, and Ibrahima Gaye. "Devaluation of the CFA Franc in Senegal: the Reaction of Small Businesses." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 4 (1995): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021492.

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The devaluation of the Communauté financière africaine (CFA) franc occurred on 12 January 1994. Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal were immediately affected as the value of their currency decreased by 50 per cent. One French franc now became worth 100 instead of 50 CFA – in reality a 100 per cent increase in the cost of goods purchased on the international market with the CFA franc.

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Bergère, Clovis. "Travels in the Congo (Voyage au Congo) Marc Allégret, dir. 117 min. French with English subtitles. New York: Icarus Films, 2017." American Anthropologist 121, no. 4 (2019): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aman.13331.

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Burroughs, Robert. "The travelling apologist: May French Sheldon in the Congo Free State (1903–04)." Studies in Travel Writing 14, no. 2 (2010): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645141003747231.

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Lersy, François, and Thibault Willaume. "A French case of porocephalosis diagnosed by radiologists." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 09 (2020): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12693.

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Porocephalosis is the name given to human infection by Armillifer, which is rare, especially in European and North American populations. Among the few cases reported to date, most of them were described in the African community. Humans can become infected, for example, consuming undercooked meat from infected snakes. Herein we report the case of a 31-year-old male, originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who was living in France for many years and presented with lower back pain and mild abdominal pain. Imaging showed multiple comma-shaped calcifications disseminated in the liver

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Hauser, Philippe. "Un attaché militaire à Berlin avant la Grande Guerre (1909-1912)." Revue Historique des Armées 235, no. 2 (2004): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5603.

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A military attaché in Berlin before The Great War Colonel Maurice Pelle had been French military attaché in Berlin for two years when the «Agadir crisis» exploded in July 1911, Kaiser Wilhelm II deploying a gunboat to the Moroccan port to «protect German interests», at the risk of war with France. Thanks to secret letters that Pelle addressed to Joffre, the head of the French army, and to Messimy, minister of war, which were passed on to Caillaux, the prime minister, the latter knew that German sabre-rattling was a bluff and that the German army was not ready for war. This permitted Caillaux t

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Arstanov, Bulat. "The African continent as a promising destination for kazakhstani tourists." Tourism, leisure and hospitality 7, no. 4 (2024): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.59649/2959-5185-2024-4-14-22.

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This article is devoted to the history of equatorial African countries – the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The immediate objective of this work is an attempt to familiarize travel agents and tour operators of Kazakhstan with little-known new tourist destinations, which are currently far from the center of attention of our tourists. Realizing that the interest in new places for Kazakhstan will definitely advance the tourist offer, the author considered it advisable to briefly review the colonial conquests of Africa. To recall the names of the main active politi

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Allotey, Deborah, and Ileana Paul. "Overt PRO in Gã." Studies in African Linguistics 52, no. 1and2 (2024): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.131241.

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This paper presents data from Gã (Kwa, Niger-Congo language spoken in Ghana) that show that controlled subjects of non-finite predicates must be overt in this language. The presence of an overt pronominal subject in a non-finite embedded clause is surprising from the perspective of languages such as English and French, where such subjects must be covert (PRO). We provide evidence that the overt pronoun in Gã patterns with obligatorily controlled PRO (Hornstein 1999; Landau 2013) and argue for the minimal pronoun analysis of Kratzer (2009).

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de Vries, Lotje, and Joseph Mangarella. "Workshop Report: Tracing Legacies of Violence in French Equatorial Africa." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 2 (2019): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719872073.

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This report offers an account of an international workshop held at the Omar Bongo University in Libreville, Gabon, from 23 November to 27 November 2018. Bringing together specialists on and from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, participants reflected on the ways in which different forms of violence have historically had – and continue to have – an impact on social fabrics and several dimensions of politics. The workshop also sought to relate these legacies of violence to the region’s economies of extraction. The region is confronted with social and

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Wynchank, Anny. "Perception of the relationship France–Africa by André Gide and Camara Laye." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 1 (2017): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3475.

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André Gide, the French traveller, went to Congo and Chad in 1925, on an official mission. He noted his impressions in his journal, published later under two titles: Voyage au Congo (Voyage to the Congo) and Retour du Tchad (Return from Chad). He expressed delight at the flora and fauna but presented the Africans as primitive beings, without spiritual or cultural values. His travels turned into a humanitarian quest when he witnessed the treatment inflicted on the natives by employees of the monopolistic rubber companies. The dilettante and aesthete Gide became a man committed to a struggle to i

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BERNAULT, FLORENCE. "The Congo. By RANDALL FEGLEY. (World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 162.) Oxford, Santa Barbara and Denver: Clio Press, 1993. Pp. 1 + 168. £30 (ISBN 1-85109-199-8)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796656904.

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Randall Fegley's bibliographical compilation is clearly not among the best of the World Bibliographical Series. The objective of the collection is to present a solid guide of the country to the non-specialist, and compared to other volumes in the series, Fegley's work lacks polish and perspective. The volume is marked by spelling errors. Accents in French names and titles are most often ignored. Important authors' names are misspelled: Gilles Sautter becomes ‘Giles’ in the text and ‘Sautte’ in the index; Jean-Claude Willame becomes ‘Willaure’. Ironically, the listing of the latter's book, Patr

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F.R.S., G. A. Boulenger. "A List of the Snakes of West Africa, from Mauritania to the French Congo." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 89, no. 3-4 (2009): 267–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1919.tb02123.x.

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Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Access to Higher Education in French Africa South of the Sahara." Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050173.

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This article examines the evolution of the educational situation in French West Africa (FWA) and French Equatorial Africa (FEA) from the onset of colonization until independence. Our central theme is the tragic deprivation endured by the public school system, especially in FEA, which handed over primary education to Catholic missions and slowed down secondary education; in FWA, only one university was belatedly created in Senegal (1958). The education of girls remained non-existent. The article is based upon a large number of mostly unpublished doctoral works, a handful of published studies, a

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KANTE, Mody. "The Brazzaville Conference: instigator of the new African School of Medicine and Pharmacy in Dakar (1944 – 1950s)." Cahiers du cedimes 19, no. 1 (2024): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.69611/cahiers19-1-07.

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Initially limited to French West Africa and Togo, the status of the Dakar School of Medicine was modified by the decree of 14 August 1944, which followed the Brazzaville Conference, to make it the interfederal medical educational institution. The new institution now sees its recruitment base expanded. In addition to the students who regularly entered the school, there are also students from the Ayos Instruction Center in Cameroon and the Edouard Renard Normal School in Brazzaville in the French Congo. The ambition of the colonial authorities was to instruct African practitioners acquired in We

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