Academic literature on the topic 'Congregatio Sancti Officii'

Studium hoc proemio, parte principali et conclusione constat. In proemio canones 1008 —1011 §§ 1 — 2 Codicis Juris Canonici Joannis Pauli Papae II obiectum huius studii esse, dicitur. Pars principalis opusculi in quattutor particulas subdividitur: 1. Sacramentum ordinis (can. 1008-1009 §1)2. Ritus sacrae ordinationis (can. 1009 §2). 3.Tempus sacrae ordinationis (can. 1010). 4. Locus sacrae ordinationis (can. 1011 §§ 1 — 2). Ad 1. Can. 1008 et can. 1009 § 1 notionem sacramenti ordinis continent. De sacramento ordinis in luce vetetis iuris auctor enarrat. Ius vetus est ius a Christo Domino usque ad Codicem luris Canonici Pio - Benedictini de 1917 anni. - Sciendum est, quod secundum Clementem Romanum (+ 101) ordinatio est sacramentalis, sed ordines sunt duo, nempe episcopi seu presbyteri - unus gradus, et diaconi - alter gradus ordinis. Hippolytus Romanus (+ 235) in Traditione apostolica iam de tribus ordinationibus nempe episcoporum, presbyterorum et diaconorum scribit. Immo, a saeculo III octo gradus ordinum enumerantur, id est episcoporum, presbyterorum, diaconorum, subdiaconorum, acolythorum, exorcistarum, lectorum et ostiariorum. In medio aevo albigenses et valdenses contra sacramentum ordinis pugnabant. Innocentius Papa III in littera Eius exemplo diei 16 decembris 1206 anni doctrinam Ecclesiae tunc temporis contra valdenses et albigenses defendebat. John Wyclif (+ 1384) docebat: nullus est praelatus, nullus episcopus, dum est in peccato mortali. Martinus Papa V in const. Inter cunctas diei 4 maii 1415 errores J. Wyklif condemnavit. Martinus Luther declarabat, certum est in manu Ecclesiae aut Papae non est statuere articulos fidei, immo nec leges morum seu bonorum operum. Concilium Tridentinum errores Martini Luther in sessione XXIII condemnavit simulque explicavit: ordinem sive sacram ordinationem esse vere et proprie sacramentum a Christo Domino institutum et non esse figmentum quoddam humanum, excogitatum a viris rerum ecclesiasticarum imperitis. Sub fine saeculi XIX et in initio saeculi XX errores circa sacramentum ordinis modernistae revelabant. Doctrinam modernistarum S. Congregatio S. Officii decreto Lamentabili die 3 iulii 1907 anni et S. Pius Papa X in encicl. Pascendi Dominici gregis die 8 septembris 1907 anni condemnaverunt. Codex luris Canonici de 1917 anno in can. 948 edocet, quod ordo ex Christi institutione clericos a laicis in Ecclesia distinguit ad fidelium regimen et cultus divini ministerium. In can. 949 statuit, quod sunt ordines maiores nempe presbyteratus, diaconatus et subdiaconatus, et ordines minores seu acolythatus, exorcistatus, lectoratus et ostiariatus. In can. 950 de consecratione episcopali et de prima tonsura memoratur. Congregatio S. Officii die 22 martii 1918 anni declaravit, quod documenta edita contra modernistas seu S. Pii X enc. Pascendi Dominici gregis, iam supra memorata, et eiusdem Papae motu proprio Sacrorum Antistitum diei 1 aprilis 1910 anni obligant post publicationem Codicis luris Canonici Pio - Bendictini. Codex luris Canonici Joannis Pauli Papae Π de sacramento ordinis in can 1008 et in can. 1009 § 1 tractatur. Canones 1008 et 1009 § 1 nunc temporis vigent. Hac de causa paulo fusius commentantur, ut fas est. Ad 2. De ritibus sacrae ordinationis in can. 1009 § 2 legitur: conferuntur manuum impositione et praecatione consecratoria, quam, pro singulis gradibus libri liturgici praescribunt. Libri liturgici in can. 1009 § 2 memorati praesertim duo sunt, nempe: Pontificale Romanum auctoritate Pauli PP. promulgatum, De ordinatione diaconi, presbyteri et episcopi, editio typica, Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1968: Pontificale Romanum auctoritate Pauli PP. VI eidtum Joannis Pauli PP. II recognitum, De ordinatione episcopi, presbyterorum et diaconorum, editio typica, Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1990. In studio primum ritus ordinationis diaconi, deinde ritus ordinationis presbyteri et in fine ritus ordinationis / olim dicebatur - consecrationis / episcopi, praesentantur. Heic summatim dicatur, quod omnis ordinatio per impositionem manuum Episcopi et precem ordinationis candidatis donum Spiritus Sancti pro munere diaconorum, presbyterorum et episcoporum confertur. Ad 3. De tempore sacrae ordinationis in luce iuris veteris, Codicis luris Canonici Pio - Benedictini, Motu proprio Pastorarale munus Pauli Papae VI, Pontificalis Romani Pauli Papae VI de 1968 anni, Codicis luris Canonici Joannis Pauli Papae II, Pontificalis Romani Joannis Pauli Papae II de 1990 anni, agitur. Ad 4. Item de loco sacrae ordinationis vetera et nova iura canonica et liturgica tractantur. In fine studii canones 743 et 773 Codicis Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium breviter commentantur.

It is possible to uncover certain aspects of the Catholic Church’s attitude towards Jews, the Enlightenment and philosophical-cultural productions through case studies of Catholic control and censorship in the late eighteenth century. In this vein, an analysis of the censorship notes produced by the Roman Holy Office on the content of the book La difesa de’ libri santi e della religione giudaica, published in Venice in 1770, can be particularly useful. The original documents, currently held at the Archives for the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly the Holy Office, Rome), shed light on the methods and approaches the Catholic Church adopted to control the circulation of new ideas in a century characterised by profound intellectual, cultural and political change.

This paper is a first attempt to provide an overview of the main lexicographic works of the most spoken Angolan languages of African origin, which were written by missionaries of Portuguese Patronage and laymen who were living in the current territory of Angola (western Africa), from the beginning of Portuguese colonization until its independence in 1975. The current Republic of Angola encompasses old African kingdoms, specifically those of Kongo, Lunda, Matamba, Ngola-Ndongo, and Benguela, and has almost 50 African languages, but Portuguese is the only official language. The Angolan languages of African origin most studied and described by the Portuguese were initially Kimbundu, and, more recently, Umbundu and Nyaneka. The first dictionary of a Bantu language was written in mid-1648 by Italian and Spanish Capuchins led by the Portuguese–Congolese mestizo secular priest Manuel de Roboredo (later, Francisco de São Salvador, O. F. M. Cap., d. 1665). However, the regular linguistic description of the Angolan languages was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century by the Italian Bernardo Maria [Cassaro] da Canicattì, O. F. M. Cap. (1749–1834). In addition, after the “re-establishment” (which was never officially assumed) of the religious orders in Portugal (ca. 1870), the Portuguese Province of the Congregatio Sancti Spiritus (C.S.Sp.) [Congregation of the Holy Spirit] was formed in 1867 mainly because of the evangelization of Angola. In point of fact, the most relevant dictionaries of the Angolan languages in the 20th century were written by the Holy Ghost Fathers [João] Albino Alves [Manso] (1908–1956) (Kimbundu, 1951), António Joaquim da Silva (1909–1995) (Nyaneka, 1966), and José Francisco Valente (1912–1993) (Umbundu, 1972). There are also relevant lexicographic works by laymen, such as the Brazilian Doctor Saturnino de Souza e Oliveira (1820–1871), the Angolan poet, writer, and journalist Joaquim Dias Cordeiro da Matta (1857–1894) for Kimbundu, and the Portuguese medical officer José Pereira do Nascimento (1861–1913) for Umbundu.

The Armenian Studies have a very long tradition in Italy. However, the establishment of the official teaching of Armenian at Ca’ Foscari is particularly significant. It is a direct continuation of many Armenian traces present in the lagoon city for centuries, such as the birth of the first Casa Armena in Europe in 1245, the prosperous diplomatic relations between the Republic of Serenissima and the Kingdom of Armenia, the printing of the first Armenian book in 1512, the arrival of Armenian merchants from Julfa, who highly contributed to the economy of Venice, and finally the institution of the Mekhitarist Congregation of the Armenian monks on the island of San Lazzaro, recognised by Napoleon as Academia Armena Sancti Lazari. After an historical excursus, the paper will go on to detail some significant periods of Armenian Studies at Ca’ Foscari.