Academic literature on the topic 'Congress of Vienna'

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Journal articles on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Kotova, Elena. "The last Congress of the Holy Alliance. Alexander I and K. L. Metternich in Verona in 1822." ISTORIYA 13, no. 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022834-6.

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The last congress of the Holy Alliance was held 200 years ago. The era of congresses has played an important role in the history of Europe. During this period, the foundations of the Vienna system of international relations were laid, formulated at the Congress of 1814—1815. The concert of European powers that developed at that time — Russia, Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia — determined world politics. The revolutions of 1820—1821 in European countries became a serious challenge to the Vienna system. At the congresses of the Holy Alliance, measures were developed to combat the revolutionary and national liberation movement. Alexander I and Metternich were among the leading actors in international politics of that time. The article pays special attention to their relationship.
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Breitbart, William. "The Congress of Vienna." Palliative and Supportive Care 7, no. 3 (September 2009): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509990381.

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World Dental Federation, FDI. "Vienna 2002—Post Congress Excursions." International Dental Journal 52, no. 3 (June 2002): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00623.x.

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Scheichl, Sigurd Paul. "„Sind Könige je zusammen gekommen, So hat man immer nur Unheil vernommen“. Politische Gedichte über den Wiener Kongress." Austriaca 79, no. 1 (2014): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2014.5031.

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“Every time kings assembled, Misfortune happened.” Political poems on the Congress of Vienna If the wars against Napoleon can be considered as the acme of political and patriotic poetry and the Vormärz on the other hand gave birth to mostly democratically inspired poems, the Congress of Vienna seems to have induced only a few “poetic” reactions, which remain quite vague
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Kotova, Elena. "Vienna Regulations on the Ranks of Diplomatic Representatives of 1815: Reasons for Adoption and Its Significance." ISTORIYA 14, no. 9 (131) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028130-2.

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Congress of Vienna 1814—1815 entered the history of international relations as the first experience of multilateral diplomacy of modern times. Along with the global problems of the reorganization of Europe, the congress participants also discussed the organization of the diplomatic service. An important achievement of the congress was the adoption of the Vienna Regulations, which unified the ranks of diplomatic representatives and established a simple and understandable principle of their seniority depending on the rank and time of arrival in the country. This put an end to centuries of disputes over seniority, which seriously complicated relations between states. The decisions of the congress played an important role in the process of professionalization of diplomatic activity.
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Bretones Lane, Fernanda, Guilherme de Paula Costa Santos, and Alain El Youssef. "The Congress of Vienna and the Making of Second Slavery." Journal of Global Slavery 4, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 162–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00402001.

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Abstract This article analyzes the ways that discussions regarding the abolition of the slave trade held at the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) affected slavery in the Iberian empires. Drawing from newspaper coverage, diplomatic correspondence, and conference minutes, we reassess the conditions under which Portuguese and Spanish agents negotiated with their British counterparts; highlight the Iberian political dilemmas that surfaced at the Congress; and elucidate the plenipotentiaries’ subsequent resolutions addressing the transatlantic slave trade. As a result of the talks held in Vienna, Spanish subjects in Cuba and Portuguese subjects in Brazil established political and diplomatic strategies to support slavery in order to maintain their positions in the world market of tropical goods. In other words, while slavery was undergoing reconfiguration in Brazil and Cuba, slave-owners and their political representatives were forced to engage with the hegemonic, abolitionist discourse systematically established by the British at the Congress in order to formulate their proslavery response. The article thus demonstrates that the Congress of Vienna was integral to the international consolidation of the politics of “second slavery” in the Americas. In other words, Brazil and Cuba were forced to engage with the hegemonic discourse systematically established by the British at the Congress in reconfiguring slavery and formulating their proslavery defense.
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Latisheva, E. A., and M. R. Khaitov. "XXXV EAACI congress, 2016, Vienna, Austria." Russian Journal of Allergy 13, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja425.

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Strong, George V. "The congress dances: Vienna 1814–1815." History of European Ideas 8, no. 1 (January 1987): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(87)90088-x.

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Tsivatyi, V. "European Political and Diplomatic Dialogue in the Institutional Space of International Relations of Early New Age (XVI-XVIII centuries)." Problems of World History, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-2-4.

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The article deals with the analysis of the foreign policy and diplomacy of the European states of the early Modern period (XVI-XVIII centuries). Particular attention is given to the institutional development of public and political opinion as well as to the institutional and diplomatic practices in Western and Central Europe. The author defines the directions of the theoretical and practical development of diplomacy and foreign policy in Europe of the early Modern period (XVI-XVIII centuries) as well as their formation peculiarities in the leading countries of Europe. The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) as an important historical event for political, diplomatic and institutional development of Europe is analyzed. The attention is paid to the diplomatic tools, national peculiarities of negotiations at the Congress. The results of the Congress of Vienna served as an important stimulus for the further socio-economic, political and diplomatic development of Europe. Practical achievements of the Congress of Vienna and the experience gained by the European diplomacy of the late XVIII – early XIX century determined the future institutional development of world diplomacy and international law, having its relevance for today.
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Oniang'o, Ruth. "The 19th International Congress on Nutrition (ICN)." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 9, no. 6 (October 7, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.27.ed020.

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The 19th International Congress of Nutrition (ICN) will be held in Bangkok from 4th to 9th 2009 for the first time on the Asian continent. Four years ago it was held in Durban, South Africa for the first time on the African continent. The ICN has broken records since its inaugural meeting in Basel in 1952 with only 18 countries attending. Vienna in 2001 broke the record of number of countries attending (113). Vienna also brought the largest number of African participants and in fact had special focus on Africa. Again Vienna broke the record in terms of number of scientists attending (3550). My first attendance was San Diego USA in 1981, when I got a partial scholarship as a PhD student for a poster presentation. Since then, I missed two in a row: Seoul and Adelaide, for personal reasons.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Ryan, Alan. "Indefeasible state sovereignty, the international community and attempts to abrogate war : from the Congress of Vienna to the establishment of the League of Nations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273137.

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Wood, William Duncan. "Congress and the American foreign policy revolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334233.

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Webb, Jamie Pauline. "Political Poison: Agent Orange in Congress 1940-1991." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2538.

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This paper examines the evolution of government policy through Congressional debate and citizen involvement on the topic of Agent Orange. Use of primary sources from newspaper and journal articles, Congressional records, scientific studies, and press releases and some secondary literature by scholars from multiple disciplines builds a picture of the ongoing debate of Agent Orange and its two component herbicides from circa 1940 to 1991. Within this paper are four primary focuses, divided into three parts. First, the Congressional discussions prior to 1970 of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, the two herbicides that comprise Agent Orange. Second and third, discussed in the same section, the involvement of the scientific community and the ratification of the Geneva Protocol. Lastly, the movement after the Vietnam War for veteran benefits due to Agent Orange exposure.
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Campini, Ruben <1995&gt. "Il Mito di Ravenna nell'Ottocento. L'Imago Civitatis tra il Congresso di Vienna e Roma Capitale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17222.

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L'Ottocento costituì per Ravenna un momento di profonda trasformazione, scandito da due fondamentali eventi politici, il Congresso di Vienna, a seguito del quale la città rientrò a far parte dei territori dello Stato della Chiesa dopo il ventennio di dominazione napoleonica, e l'Unità d'Italia. In questo periodo, Ravenna, considerata già dal secolo precedente una città morta, poco visitata, priva di un'economia e di un'industria fiorenti, niente più che una città di second'ordine, cercò faticosamente di giocare un nuovo ruolo all'interno del suo contesto territoriale, attraverso la fondazione e la valorizzazione di una nuova identità basata sul suo antico passato di Capitale, materializzato nei suoi monumenti di V e VI secolo. Tale processo si configura come il frutto di un dialogo locale, nazionale ed internazionale, che aveva portato all'elaborazione di diverse interpretazioni della città e delle sue memorie e che si esplicitò in azioni materiali sui monumenti antichi, finalizzate all'allineamento della città reale con quella del mito. Il presente studio si propone dunque di ricostruire questo dialogo e costituisce la prima parte di un più ampio progetto realizzato in collaborazione con la Dott.ssa Annalisa Moraschi, che estenderà l'analisi della percezione e della trasformazione della città e dei suoi monumenti fino alla vigilia della Prima Guerra Mondiale.
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Hundt, Michael. "Die mindermächtigen deutschen Staaten auf dem Wiener Kongress /." Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36158205m.

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Gerhard, Philipp Roman Ludwig. "“P.S. A Europa está muito velha” : a premência de renovação imperial e a diplomacia luso-brasileira no Congresso de Viena 1814-1815)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31555.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2017.
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Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD).
A relevância do Congresso de Viena (1814-1815) tanto para a história portuguesa quanto para a brasileira ainda é pouco estudada mesmo que a reunião diplomática decidisse muito mais para o Império luso-brasileiro que a mera pacificação da Europa pós-napoleônica. A manutenção quase ininterrupta do tráfico negreiro, essencial para a plantocracia brasileira, era o maior sucesso da delegação portuguesa e uma reclamação visível da autonomia decisória perante a prepotência britânica. A delimitação das duas Guianas ao norte e as ambições reforçadas à região da Prata no sul mostraram a importância e preocupação dada a fronteiras estáveis para a nova sede da monarquia portuguesa no Brasil. A restituição (des)esperada da Olivença, pequeno território fronteiriço sem crédito geoestratégico, e ocupada pela Espanha durante a Guerra Peninsular, assim aparentemente não chamou tanta atenção? Devastado pela guerra e simbolicamente subordinado ao Brasil, a situação em Portugal estava perigosa e ao menos a retomada da Olivença deveria servir de prêmio de consolação. Os dignitários no Rio de Janeiro, porém, estavam até prestes a desistir dessa praça limítrofe para não sendo obrigados a conceder à Grã-Bretanha autoridade sobre Cacheu e Bissau, possessão na costa ocidental africana. Mais que os outros, este caso mostra que os interesses periféricos e os metropolitanos do Império luso-brasileiro as vezes até ficaram sendo contraditórios entre si e dividiram o corpo diplomático. Enquanto isso, o representante francês no Congresso propôs elevar o Brasil em categoria do Reino equiparando-o até formalmente com Portugal. De fato, porém, o Brasil já tinha uma trajetória maior para o Império cuja reBuilding entrou em pratica com a chegada da Corte real no Rio de Janeiro. No palco diplomático, a apresentação da nova imagem imperial era acompanhada por um léxico autonomista que aspirava a emancipar-se da tutela britânica. Já antes da Independência do Brasil então, havia uma tendência na política externa do Império de priorizar a parte americana. Diminuindo o impacto incisivo de 1822, percebemos um padrão de continuidade entre a diplomacia luso-brasileira no Congresso de Viena e a Política Externa Brasileira nas suas primeiras décadas.
The relevance of the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) for both Brazilian and Portuguese history is still not profoundly studied. The diplomatic meeting has decided, for sure, a lot more to the Luso-Brazilian Empire than solely the pacification of post-napoleonic Europe. The almost uninterrupted maintenance of the slave traffic, essential for the Brazilian plantocracy, was the biggest Portuguese commission’s success and a clear claim for the autonomy of decision before the British prepotency. To delimit both Guianas to north and the reinforced ambitions towards the Prata region to the south showed the importance given to stable frontiers for the new royal domicile in Brazil. Did the desperate restitution of Olivença, a small territory limitary without geostrategic credit and occupied by Spain during the Peninsular War, really earned that attention? But it did. Devastated by the war and symbolically subordinated to Brazil Portugal’s situation at stake. Thus, the recovery of the Olivença territory should at least be a consolation prize. However, Rio de Janeiro’s dignitaries were about to give up this region for not being obliged to grant Great Britain authority over Cacheu and Bissau, both on the African west coast. Specifically, this situation, with its periphery and metropolitan interests, shows, more than the other two cases, the potentially contradictory relation between both and therefore growing controversies between the diplomatic commission. Meanwhile, the French delegate at the Congress proposed the elevation of Brazil to a Kingdom, being formally equal even to Portugal. In fact, Brazil was already playing a key role on the scheme since the arrival of the Royal Court in Rio de Janeiro. On the diplomatic stage, the presentation of the new imperial image was followed an autonomic diction that also desired to emancipate itself from the British paternalism. Even before Brazil’s independency the Império’s foreign policy had the tendency to prioritize his American part. there was an external political tendency from the Empire to prioritize the American part. Decreasing the incisive impact from 1822 we may see a pattern of continuity among the Portuguese-Brazilian diplomacy at the Congress of Vienna and during the first decades of Brazilian Foreign Policy.
Zusammenfassung: Die Bedeutung des Wiener Kongresses (1814-1815) ist sowohl für die portugiesische als auch für die brasilianische Geschichte nur unzureichend erforscht, obwohl jene diplomatische Zusammenkunft deutlich mehr für das luso-brasilianische Reich bedeutete als die bloße Befriedung des post-napoleonischen Europas. Als größter Erfolg der portugiesischen Delegation konnte der Sklavenhandel beinahe ungestört fortgeführt werden. Unabdingbar für die brasilianische Plantokratie und sichtbare Rückforderung der (Entscheidungs-)Autonomie von der britischen Vormacht. Die Grenzziehung zwischen den beiden Guyanas im Norden und der erneute Griff nach der Prataregion im Süden zeigten die neue Bedeutung eines zweifelsfreien Grenzverlaufs, um keine Bedrohung für den neuen Sitz der portugiesischen Monarchie in Brasilien erwachsen zu lassen. Wurde der Restitution des Olivença, einem kleinen, geostrategisch bedeutungslosen Grenzgebiet, das während des Halbinselkrieges von Spanien annektiert worden war, folglich also weniger Aufmerksamkeit zuteil? Verwüstet durch den Krieg und symbolisch Brasilien untergeordnet blieb die Lage in Portugal gefährlich und so sollte zumindest die Rückgewinnung des Olivença als Trostpreis dienen. Die Würdenträger in Rio de Janeiro jedoch, waren sogar gewillt, auf diesen Grenzort zu verzichten, um nicht dazu gezwungen zu sein, das westafrikanische Territorium Cacheu und Bissau unter britische Autorität zu stellen. Dieser Fall zeigt mehr noch als die anderen, dass die peripheren und metropolitanen Interessen innerhalb des luso-brasilianischen Império bisweilen widersprüchlich waren und das diplomatische Korps spalteten. Vor diesem Kontext schlug der französische Vertreter auf dem Kongress vor, Brasilien in die Kategorie eines Königreiches zu erheben, was es nun also auch formell mit Portugal gleichsetzte. Faktisch hingegen, hatte Brasilien bereits eine höhere Tragkraft für das Império dessen reBuilding praktisch durch die Ankunft des Königshofes in Rio de Janeiro in Kraft trat. Auf diplomatischem Parkett wurde das Bild des neuen Império von einer dezidiert autonomistischen Lexik begleitet, womit versucht wurde sich von der britischen Bevormundung zu emanzipieren. Es gab also bereits vor der Unabhängigkeit Brasiliens bereits eine Tendenz in der Außenpolitik des Impérios, die den amerikanischen Reichsteil begünstigte. Zwischen der luso-brasilianischen Diplomatie auf dem Wiener Kongress und den ersten Jahrzehnten brasilianischer Außenpolitik bestand ein Kontinuitätsmuster, dass den Zäsurcharakter des Jahres 1822 schmälert.
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Comiran, Fernando. "?A valsa dos pobres? : o Congresso de Viena, os Pa?ses Ib?ricos e a Am?rica Meridional." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7971.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The aim of this work is to understand the diplomatic relations between Spain and Portugal during the Congress of Vienna and its bindings with Iberian politics in South America. After the Napoleonic Wars, Spain and Portugal were reinserted into the international system as peripheral forces in European policy. Without the same diplomatic density of previous times it was up to Portuguese diplomacy to build arrangements that were able to offer some role of participation in the reorganization of the European order. From the study of diplomatic correspondence between the two courts and their diplomats it was possible to realize that while Spain directed its efforts to strength Bourbon legitimacy in the Italian territories, the Portuguese diplomacy was concentrated on the restitution of the territory of Olivenza, taken by the Spaniards in the war of 1801. For different reasons and agendas, now structured, however improvised, the issues concerning South America, especially the Missoes Orientais do Urugua and the Banda Oriental as a whole have entered transversely the agendas of Vienna.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as rela??es diplom?ticas entre Espanha e Portugal durante o Congresso de Viena e suas vincula??es com a pol?tica ib?rica na Am?rica meridional. Ap?s as guerras napole?nicas espanh?is e portugueses foram reinseridos no sistema internacional como for?as perif?ricas da pol?tica europeia. Sem a mesma densidade diplom?tica de tempos anteriores coube a diplomacia luso-espanhola construir arranjos que fossem capazes de oferecer algum lugar de participa??o na reorganiza??o da ordem europeia. A partir do estudo de correspond?ncia diplom?tica entre as duas cortes e seus diplomatas foi poss?vel perceber que, enquanto a Espanha direcionava seus esfor?os pela legitimidade din?stica bourb?nica nos territ?rios italianos a diplomacia portuguesa concentrava seus esfor?os na restitui??o do territ?rio de Oliven?a, tomado pelos espanh?is na Guerra de 1801. Por motivos distintos e por agendas, ora estruturadas, ora improvisadas, as quest?es relativas ? Am?rica do Sul, especialmente, as Miss?es Orientais do Uruguai e a Banda Oriental como um todo entraram transversalmente nas pautas de Viena.
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Vollering, Cédrick. "La France dans une Europe en construction évolution de la diplomatie de 1616 à 1815." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2658.

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Ce mémoire de maîtrise s' intéresse à l'analyse de l'évolution diplomatique entre 1616 et 1815. Cette étude a pour but de comprendre la manière dont se structure une nouvelle forme de diplomatie internationale au moment de la construction de l'État moderne. C'est sous l'optique de la France, acteur essentiel dans cette évolution diplomatique, que l'objet d'étude est abordé. Le cadre temporel débute avec l'arrivée du cardinal de Richelieu au pouvoir et se termine avec le congrès de Vienne de 1814-1815. Le premier chapitre du mémoire se consacre à l'expertise diplomatique des ambassadeurs. Les diplomates envoyés à Vienne sont en fait des héritiers des pratiques diplomatiques de. l'Ancien Régime. Cette analyse de l'éducation diplomatique se fait à travers le traité de diplomatie de François de Callières, ambassadeur sous le règne de Louis XIV. Nous abordons également le ministère de Richelieu, qui jette les bases de l'hégémonie française en Europe. Le second chapitre aborde les différents concepts nécessaires à la compréhension de la nouvelle diplomatie internationale tels que la légitimité, le droit de conquête ainsi que la balance du pouvoir. Celui-ci se consacre également à l'étude des problèmes de l'équilibre européen avec les règnes de Louis XIV et de Napoléon 1er. Nous abordons ici l'essor puis le déclin de la puissance française en Europe. Le tout se termine avec l'analyse du traité de Paris du 30 mai 1814, véritable base des négociations de Vienne. Le troisième et dernier chapitre se concentre sur le congrès de Vienne de 1814-1815. C'est à travers les mémoires de Talleyrand et les procès verbaux recueillis par le Comte d'Angeberg que sont étudiées les négociations. Le but de ce congrès est de restructurer la balance du pouvoir européen et d'éviter l'éclatement de nouveaux conflits comparables aux guerres napoléoniennes. La division des puissances coalisées concernant le partage des dépouilles de l'Empire français permet à la France de s'insérer dans le processus décisionnel du congrès, malgré son statut de puissance vaincue. Cette section présente l'application de la négociation multilatérale dans le but de doter l'Europe d'un nouveau système d'équilibre des pouvoirs. Le retour de Napoléon sur le trône met de nouveau la France de côté et le congrès de Vienne retourne à une diplomatie bilatérale: imposition des conditions du vainqueur sur le vaincu.
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Nishiumi, Ywasaki Luis. "La discapacidad en los medios de comunicación social." Canalé, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113986.

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Kleiner, Samuel. "Declaring war no more : the use of international legal frameworks and the expansion of the presidential war power : US presidential utilization of international legal frameworks to expand the president's constitutional power to use military force." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8ce8bc9-3efd-40e1-b2f8-a669aa21276d.

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The struggle between the President and the Congress over the power to control the use of military force is an enduring dimension of U.S. foreign policy. In the 20th century Arthur Schlesinger labeled the growth of Presidential war power the “Imperial Presidency.” While some scholars have attempted to explain the expansion of Presidential power based on the Cold War or nuclear weapons, there has been little work studying the link between America’s ascending role in international legal frameworks and this domestic legal transformation. In this dissertation, I argue that America’s participation in international legal frameworks, such as the United Nations and NATO, has been a central factor in enabling the growth of Presidential war power. These international frameworks allow the President to circumvent Congress and to assert that the use of military force was something other than a ‘war’ that would need Congressional authorization. In case studies of pre-WWII aid to Great Britain, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War, I demonstrate how the rise of executive war power relied on America’s growing participation in international legal frameworks. The dissertation contributes to the nexus of International Relations and Constitutional scholarship. It offers a unique interpretation of Presidential war power while also offering new insights on the nature of the United States’ relationship with international legal frameworks. I argue that participation in international legal frameworks has been ‘democracy-undermining’ as the President utilizes those frameworks to circumvent the Constitution’s restrictions on Presidential war power.
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Books on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Allport, Alan. The Congress of Vienna. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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Allport, Alan. The Congress of Vienna. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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King, David. Vienna 1814. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2008.

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Grant, Tracy. Vienna waltz. New York: Kensington Books, 2011.

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editor, Dell'Acqua Marzio, and Archivio di Stato di Parma (Italy), eds. Il Congresso di Vienna: Progettare l'Europa. Parma: MUP, 2016.

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Schögl, Uwe. Jubilee, 30 years ESHPh: Congress of photography in Vienna. Salzburg: Fotohof edition, 2008.

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Guglielmo, Ferrero. Ricostruzione: Talleyrand a Vienna (1814-1815). Milano: Corbaccio, 1999.

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King, David. Vienna, 1814: How the conquerors of Napoleon made love, war, and peace at the Congress of Vienna. New York: Harmony Books, 2008.

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International Botanical Congress (17th 2005 Vienna, Austria). International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code): Adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Ruggell: Published for IAPT by A.R.G. Ganter, 2006.

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Nicolson, Harold. The Congress of Vienna: A study in Allied unity 1812-1822. London: Cassell, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Held, Arthur-Jean. "International Congress, Vienna 1960." In Periodontology, 135–36. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6402-2_41.

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Hollister, L. E. "The 11th Congress — Vienna 1978." In Thirty Years CINP, 37–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73956-9_12.

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Held, Arthur-Jean. "European confrontations: The Vienna Congress 1936." In Periodontology, 82–88. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6402-2_18.

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Trampus, Antonio. "Bern, the French Revolution and the Congress of Vienna." In Emer de Vattel and the Politics of Good Government, 173–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48024-0_10.

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Forrest, Alan. "The Hundred Days, the Congress of Vienna and the Atlantic Slave Trade." In Napoleon's Hundred Days and the Politics of Legitimacy, 163–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70208-7_9.

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"Post-Congress Vienna." In Beethoven, A Life, 420–24. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1g2490v.54.

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Kraehe, Enno. "3 The Congress of Vienna." In Schubert's Vienna, 55–76. Yale University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300236378-006.

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"Selling the Congress." In The Congress of Vienna, 66–111. Harvard University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qdtc1.5.

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"Vienna Congress (1814–1815)." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia, 368–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_611.

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Atkinson, C. T. "The Congress of Vienna." In A History of Germany 1715-1815, 644–59. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429461972-34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Shagaev, Viktor, and Lyudmila Alyaeva. "SOLUTION OF THE «GERMAN QUESTION» AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/084-100.

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The article analyzes in detail the ideas of the participants of the Congress of Vienna on the political form of unification in the German territories after the revolutionary events in France and the Napoleonic wars.
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Breitenecker, Felix. "Inhalt Late Papers - Session 'Software Tools and Products' - Poster Book." In 2nd EUROSIM Congress Vienna 1995. ARGESIM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11128/arep.01-02-03.a01000.

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Garcia Rodriguez, M. S. "POS0047-PARE LIRE CONGRESS 2023: CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF DEDICATION TO RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES (RMDs)." In EULAR 2024 European Congress of Rheumatology, 12-15 June. Vienna, Austria. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.6289.

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Stones, S. "AB1693-PARE THE EVOLVING ROLE OF PATIENTS AS AUTHORS AT THE ANNUAL EUROPEAN CONGRESS OF RHEUMATOLOGY." In EULAR 2024 European Congress of Rheumatology, 12-15 June. Vienna, Austria. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.1888.

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Doni, A., C. Crisci, F. Bartoloni Saint Omer, S. Di Lollo, G. Leoncini, and E. Rosi. "TISSUE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY:DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC PULMONARY TISSUE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644804.

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In order to verify differences between the fibrinolytic activity in normal and neoplastic pulmonary tissue, 16 subjects underwent infra-operatory biopsy.Samples from normal lung and neoplastic tissue areas were obtained from each subject and then examined using Todd's histoehemical method (Doni A. et al.: VII International Congress on Fibrinolysis, Venezia 1984)The results were evaluated using Wilcoxon’s test, and were expressed by an Index of the Potentiality of Fibrinolysis (I.P.F.) = % Lysis area/% tissue area and by the Ratio between I.P.F. at 30’ and I.P.F. at 45’ of incubation.A statistically significant difference between I.P.F. of normal tissue and the neoplastic one at 30’ and 45’ of incubation was found while no difference between the Ratio of normal and neoplastic tissue was noted.These data suggest that differences in fibrinolytic activity exist as regards normal and neoplastic pulmonary tissue and that these differences may be related to the different amounts of plasmonogen activators (perhaps tPA) present in normal and neoplastic tissue (Doni A. et al.: VIII International Congress on Fibrinolysis, Vienna 1986).Kinetics of fibrinolysis did not show statistically significant differences
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Yangxu, Xie, Zhang Danhong, Zhang Huaiun, Wu Lianshun, Qi Yue, and Leng Zhiwen. "Neural network- fuzzy adaptive PID controller based on VIENNA rectifier." In 2018 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2018.8623201.

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Xu, Houjian, Wenxi Yao, and Shuai Shao. "Improved SVPWM schemes for vienna rectifiers without current distortion." In 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2017.8096611.

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Liu, Jiajun, Wenlong Ding, Han Qiu, Chenghui Zhang, and Bin Duan. "A control scheme of the VIENNA rectifier with unbalanced grid voltage." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243906.

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Zhu, Yutong, and Yehui Han. "Comparison of GaN FET and Si MOSFET based vienna rectifiers." In 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2016.7854941.

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Zhang, Peng, Xuezhi Wu, Bowei Li, Li Ding, Yue Zhang, and Yunwei Ryan Li. "Common-mode Voltage Reduction Method for Three-level Vienna Rectifiers." In 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce53617.2023.10362067.

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Reports on the topic "Congress of Vienna"

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Informe de la Junta Directiva al Congreso de la República - Julio de 2023. Banco de la República, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep.4-2023.

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En el transcurso del primer semestre de 2023 la economía colombiana continuó avanzando en el proceso de ajuste requerido para corregir los desequilibrios macroeconómicos y controlar las presiones inflacionarias acumuladas tras los diversos choques de oferta y la rápida expansión de la demanda durante 2021 y 2022, la cual superó el crecimiento potencial de la economía. El ajuste económico en curso ha sido posible gracias a la moderación del crecimiento de la demanda interna y a la progresiva disolución de los choques de oferta que elevaron los costos de producción. La demanda interna comenzó a desacelerase en los últimos meses de 2022 y se contrajo un -0,2 % en el primer trimestre de este año, debido al menor crecimiento del consumo de los hogares y a la caída de la formación bruta de capital. Por su parte, los menores precios internacionales de las materias primas, la paulatina normalización de las cadenas de suministro y la apreciación de la tasa de cambio han contribuido a disipar los choques de oferta, lo cual se ha reflejado en una disminución de la inflación anual de precios al productor desde un nivel del 19,2 % a finales de 2022 al 4,7 % en junio de 2023 1. El menor dinamismo de la demanda interna se ha venido reflejando en una desaceleración progresiva de la actividad económica. Es así como en el primer trimestre de 2023 el PIB registró un crecimiento anual del 3,0 %, ritmo equivalente a una tercera parte del crecimiento promedio anual que se observó durante los tres primeros trimestres de 2022 (9,1 %). Según el indicador de seguimiento de la economía (ISE) que elabora el DANE, esta pérdida de dinamismo continuó en abril y mayo, al registrarse variaciones de ese indicador del -0,8 % y 0,6 %, respectivamente, frente a los mismos meses de 2022. Estos resultados fueron inferiores a lo observado en marzo (1,4 %), en la serie del ISE ajustada por efecto estacional y calendario. Ello apunta a que el crecimiento del PIB seguirá declinando en el segundo trimestre, lo cual es coherente con el pronóstico de crecimiento del PIB ligeramente inferior al 1,0 % para 2023 elaborado por el equipo técnico. A pesar de la desaceleración económica en curso, el mercado laboral sigue mostrando fortaleza, como se deduce del continuo descenso de la tasa de desempleo en el agregado nacional hasta el trimestre móvil terminado en mayo (10,4 %), su valor más bajo desde el inicio de la pandemia del covid-19 2. La desaceleración de la actividad económica es un fenómeno que se anticipaba, en parte, como resultado de la política monetaria restrictiva que adoptó el Banco de la República para controlar las presiones inflacionarias. A la menor actividad económica también estaría contribuyendo una política fiscal menos expansionista que en 2022, según se contempla en los pronósticos presentados en el Marco Fiscal de Mediano Plazo de 2023 (MFMP-23). A esto se añadió una desaceleración de la demanda externa relevante para el país debido al menor crecimiento de los socios comerciales, en un contexto internacional de altas tasas de interés de política monetaria, tasas de inflación por encima de sus metas y elevada incertidumbre generada por la prolongación de la invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. La Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) ha sido reiterativa en sus diversas comunicaciones sobre la necesidad de adelantar este proceso de ajuste, para lograr el retorno gradual de la inflación a la meta del 3 %, corregir los desequilibrios macroeconómicos y asegurar la sostenibilidad del crecimiento económico en el largo plazo. La responsabilidad constitucional que recae sobre el Banco de la República, sobre la cual se hizo énfasis en el pasado Informe al Congreso, exige mantener una inflación baja y estable en consonancia con la política económica en general, de manera que permita apoyar un crecimiento económico sostenible y un balance externo financiable. Las decisiones de política monetaria se han adoptado con el respaldo de la sólida base institucional y técnica que soporta el esquema de inflación objetivo, cimentada en la experiencia acumulada durante más de dos décadas por el banco central. Los motivos específicos que ha tenido la JDBR para emprender un proceso de ajuste monetario, el más fuerte desde que el Banco de la República adoptó la estrategia de inflación objetivo, han sido complejos y de diversa índole. Las presiones inflacionarias provinieron inicialmente de choques de oferta de origen externo e interno que presionaron al alza los costos y precios de los alimentos y otros productos de consumo, a las cuales se agregaron presiones de origen cambiario. Estos choques llevaron a un incremento de las expectativas de inflación, lo cual desató un proceso de indexación de precios, que se exacerbó debido a los excesos de demanda que surgieron en 2022. La respuesta de la política monetaria mediante el incremento de las tasas de interés buscaba reducir los excesos de demanda, contener el aumento de las expectativas y limitar los efectos de la indexación de precios. Todo ello crea las condiciones propicias para permitir que, a medida que los choques de oferta cedan y se alivien, y con ello las presiones de costos, la inflación empiece a reducirse. Este es un proceso que se cumple con cierto rezago, pero que, dado el tiempo que la política monetaria lleva actuando, ya se ha empezado a producir, como lo mostró la reciente disminución de la tasa de inflación y la revisión a la baja de sus expectativas a diferentes plazos. Acorde con el mandato constitucional de asegurar una coordinación de la política monetaria con la política económica general, además de mitigar las presiones inflacionarias, el ajuste monetario viene cumpliendo el propósito de corregir los desequilibrios macroeconómicos que ponen en riesgo la estabilidad de la economía colombiana. Al respecto, no cabe duda de que el crecimiento del PIB del 7,3 % en 2022 fue sobresaliente, al haber más que duplicado el crecimiento mundial (3,5 %) y superado ampliamente la expansión de América Latina y el Caribe (3,9 %), según cifras del FMI. Un dinamismo económico tan elevado trae importantes ganancias de bienestar, en particular cuando permite reducir las tasas de desempleo, como ha venido ocurriendo en Colombia; sin embargo, es un crecimiento insostenible en tanto se fundamenta en una situación fiscal ampliamente deficitaria y en un preocupante incremento en el endeudamiento de los hogares. Ello generó un exceso de demanda agregada que no solo presionó al alza la inflación y sus expectativas, sino que también amplió el déficit de la cuenta corriente de la balanza de pagos a niveles históricamente altos durante varios años. El déficit de la cuenta corriente aumentó desde un nivel del 5,6 % del PIB en 2021, que ya era elevado, a uno del 6,2 % del PIB en 2022, uno de los más altos observados en Colombia. La ampliación del desbalance externo en 2022 se produjo en un año en el que los precios internacionales del petróleo, el carbón y el café se mantuvieron en niveles favorables, lo que contribuyó al buen desempeño de las exportaciones. No obstante, para cubrir los faltantes de oferta, la economía incrementó de manera importante su demanda de importaciones, impidiendo una reducción del desbalance externo. Como consecuencia, la economía colombiana recurrió a un mayor endeudamiento externo, bien sea como flujo de inversión de portafolio o como endeudamiento directo. Todo esto muestra la vulnerabilidad que significa para la economía mantener un nivel de gasto que supera significativamente sus ingresos. La política monetaria restrictiva, junto con el aumento en la carga tributaria, han venido induciendo un ajuste progresivo de estos desequilibrios. La desaceleración de la demanda interna iniciada a partir del cuarto trimestre de 2022 ocurrió de la mano de una moderación del consumo de los hogares, cuyo crecimiento en el primer trimestre de 2023 fue del 3,0 %, comparado con un incremento del 9,5 % en 2022. Esto último se ha reflejado en una desaceleración del crédito de consumo, que pasó de crecer desde un ritmo cercano al 23 % anual a finales del tercer trimestre del año anterior, a algo menos del 7,0 % anual a mediados de junio de 2023. De haberse continuado con una expansión tan rápida del crédito de consumo, se habría podido generar una situación insostenible sobre la capacidad de pago de los hogares. Asimismo, la formación bruta de capital, que tuvo un desempeño sobresaliente en 2022, empezó a mostrar ajustes en sus principales componentes. La principal fuente de dicha corrección ha sido la inversión en maquinaria y equipo, que en el primer trimestre del año presentó caídas tanto en términos trimestrales como anuales, principalmente en el rubro de equipo de transporte. A la par con el avance en la corrección de los desequilibrios macroeconómicos, la inflación total interrumpió la tendencia creciente que mantuvo hasta marzo de 2023. En efecto, luego de alcanzar un nivel del 13,1 % al cierre del año anterior, la inflación total se mantuvo estable alrededor del 13,3 % durante los primeros tres meses de 2023, y a partir de abril empezó a descender, para ubicarse en 12,1 % en junio. Los alimentos han sido el rubro que más ha contribuido a este cambio de tendencia, al haber reducido su variación anual del 27,8 % en diciembre pasado al 14,3 % en junio. Esta variación ha sido compensada en alguna medida por el incremento de la inflación de regulados, debido a los sucesivos aumentos en los precios de la gasolina. Por su parte, la inflación básica (sin alimentos ni regulados) continúa mostrando rigidez, al ubicarse en el 10,5 % en junio, lo que refleja procesos de indexación de precios. La subcanasta de servicios ha sido especialmente afectada por el fenómeno de indexación, a lo cual se han agregado las presiones de costos laborales, el aumento en los precios de los alimentos que han presionado al alza las comidas fuera del hogar y la elevada demanda por servicios de entretenimiento. Este comportamiento debería ir cediendo a medida que los efectos de la política monetaria terminen por transmitirse a la economía, y la tendencia decreciente de la inflación se refleje en una revisión a la baja de las expectativas de variación de precios por parte del público. Así lo prevén los pronósticos del equipo técnico y las expectativas del mercado que anticipan una inflación decreciente durante los próximos dos años. ____________________________________________________________ 1 Corresponde a la variación anual del IPP de oferta interna. 2 Al cierre de este Informe se conocieron los datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares de junio, con los cuales la tasa de desempleo se mantuvo estable en su medición desestacionalizada del agregado nacional para el trimestre móvil (10,3 %), aunque con una reducción para el dato puntual de junio
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