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1
Rančić, Katarina, and Slobodan Marković. "The Perceptual and Aesthetic Aspects of the Music-Paintings Congruence." Vision 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3040065.
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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of congruence between music and paintings on the aesthetic preference of paintings. Congruence was specified as the similarity in perceived regularity and the complexity of jazz compositions and abstract paintings (the ratings of regularity and complexity in both sets of stimuli were obtained in the pilot study). In the main experiment, 32 participants rated the aesthetic pleasantness of paintings with congruent, incongruent, and no music background. In addition, they rated the music-paintings matching (how well the music goes with the painting). The results show no effect of congruence on aesthetic pleasantness ratings. The effect on the perceived matching was significant; matching is higher in the congruent compared to the incongruent condition. These findings suggest that congruency has a strong effect on the perceptual aspect of the music-paintings compatibility (visuo-auditory similarity) and no effect on the aesthetic aspect (liking).
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Aker, Scott C., Hamish Innes-Brown, Kathleen F. Faulkner, Marianna Vatti, and Jeremy Marozeau. "Effect of audio-tactile congruence on vibrotactile music enhancement." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 6 (December 2022): 3396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016444.
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Music listening experiences can be enhanced with tactile vibrations. However, it is not known which parameters of the tactile vibration must be congruent with the music to enhance it. Devices that aim to enhance music with tactile vibrations often require coding an acoustic signal into a congruent vibrotactile signal. Therefore, understanding which of these audio-tactile congruences are important is crucial. Participants were presented with a simple sine wave melody through supra-aural headphones and a haptic actuator held between the thumb and forefinger. Incongruent versions of the stimuli were made by randomizing physical parameters of the tactile stimulus independently of the auditory stimulus. Participants were instructed to rate the stimuli against the incongruent stimuli based on preference. It was found making the intensity of the tactile stimulus incongruent with the intensity of the auditory stimulus, as well as misaligning the two modalities in time, had the biggest negative effect on ratings for the melody used. Future vibrotactile music enhancement devices can use time alignment and intensity congruence as a baseline coding strategy, which improved strategies can be tested against.
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Fallon, Nicholas, Timo Giesbrecht, Anna Thomas, and Andrej Stancak. "A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Investigation of Effects of Visual Congruence on Olfactory Sensitivity During Habituation to Prolonged Odors." Chemical Senses 45, no. 9 (October 9, 2020): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa065.
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Abstract Congruent visual cues augment sensitivity to brief olfactory presentations and habituation of odor perception is modulated by central-cognitive processing including context. However, it is not known whether habituation to odors could interact with cross-modal congruent stimuli. The present research investigated the effect of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity during continuous odor exposures. We utilized a multimethod approach, including subjective behavioral responses and reaction times (RTs; study 1) and electroencephalography (EEG, study 2). Study 1: 25 participants received 2-min presentations of moderate-intensity floral odor delivered via olfactometer with congruent (flower) and incongruent (object) image presentations. Participants indicated odor perception after each image. Detection sensitivity and RTs were analyzed in epochs covering the period of habituation. Study 2: 25 new participants underwent EEG recordings during 145-s blocks of odor presentations with congruent or incongruent images. Participants passively observed images and intermittently rated the perceived intensity of odor. Event-related potential analysis was utilized to evaluate brain processing related to odor–visual pairs across the period of habituation. Odor detection sensitivity and RTs were improved by congruent visual cues. Results highlighted a diminishing influence of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity as habituation occurred. Event-related potential analysis revealed an effect of congruency on electrophysiological processing in the N400 component. This was only evident in early periods of odor exposure when perception was strong. For the first time, this demonstrates the modulation of central processing of odor–visual pairs by habituation. Frontal negativity (N400) responses encode the aspects of cross-modal congruence for odor–vision cross-modal tasks.
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Gao, Ang, Kai Zhao, and Qing Qu. "Linking person–organization adhocracy value congruence to creativity." Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no. 7/8 (September 14, 2020): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-08-2019-0448.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of person–organization (P-O) adhocracy value congruence on employee creativity using the supplementary fit theory while investigating the moderating effect of the immediate supervisor's transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses polynomial regression to analyze 431 employees from 47 Chinese companies.FindingsHigher levels of creativity were observed in employees whose adhocracy value was congruent with that of the organization.Practical implicationsThe practice of hiring employees with creative value or building creative culture may not trigger employee creativity if managers do not take value congruence into consideration.Originality/valueThis study introduces a new perspective on understanding creativity in the workplace. First, it contributes to work on the consequences of P-O value congruency by exploring how supplementary fit influences employee creativity. Second, it contributes to creativity research by proposing a P-O supplementary fit argument to explain the actor-context interactionist model of creativity.
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Cornelis, Erlinde, Veroline Cauberghe, and Patrick De Pelesmacker. "Regulatory congruence effects in two-sided advertising." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 7/8 (July 8, 2014): 1451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2012-0094.
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Purpose – The aim of this study is to contribute to previous research by investigating the principle of regulatory congruence in two-sided advertising messages. Additionally, it addresses the underlying mechanisms of the congruence effect. Design/methodology/approach – The study encompasses two experiments: a two-level between-subjects design, manipulating the message’s frame (prevention vs promotion), while measuring respondents’ chronic self-regulatory focus (prevention vs promotion), and a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, manipulating processing depth (central vs peripheral) and message frame (prevention- vs promotion-oriented), while measuring individuals’ chronic self-regulatory focus (prevention vs promotion). Findings – Study 1 shows that in two-sided messages, the effect of regulatory congruence on attitudes toward the message depends on individuals’ self-regulatory focus: a congruence effect was only found in promotion-focused individuals. This congruence effect was driven by processing fluency. The second study builds on the first one by exploring the absence of a congruence effect found in prevention-focused individuals. Its results show that in prevention-focused individuals, processing depth influences regulatory congruence effects in two-sided messages. Under peripheral processing, prevention-focused individuals have more positive attitudes toward the issue when two-sided messages are congruent with their self-regulatory focus. Under central processing, on the other hand, a regulatory incongruence effect on attitudes occurs. Originality/value – This study complements prior research by examining the validity of the regulatory congruence principle in the context of two-sided messages. Moreover, it addresses the underlying mechanisms driving regulatory (in)congruence effects. As such, our study contributes both to the existing research on two-sided messages and that on regulatory focus.
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Arora, Nilesh, Sanjeev Prashar, Sai Vijay Tata, and Chandan Parsad. "Measuring personality congruency effects on consumer brand intentions in celebrity-endorsed brands." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2020-3634.
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Purpose Brand managers frequently use well-known celebrities to position their brands and capture consumers’ attention to improve the brand’s market share. The attachment of a celebrity with a brand creates a human image for a brand and helps in personifying its image. The consumer perceives the brand as an individual and relates his personality, as well as the personality of the celebrity with that of the brand. It becomes pertinent for marketers to understand how brand-celebrity personality congruence and brand-consumer personality congruence affect the brand reputation, uniqueness and purchase intentions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the two personality congruence aspects – brand & celebrity personalities and brand & consumer personalities, and their impact on the reputation of the brand and its uniqueness. Further, the paper aims to examine the impact of the brand reputation and brand uniqueness on purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach The present study uses Aaker’s five-factor personality scale to study the personality congruence effects on brand reputation, brand uniqueness and purchase intentions. The literature review was carried out to categorize factors related to celebrity personality, brand personality and consumer personality. The data for this study was collected through questionnaires from 1,235 respondents. In the first step, congruencies between celebrity, brand and consumer personality were determined. This was followed by a two-stage structural equation modelling for assessing the model fit and testing the hypotheses. Findings From the study results, it is observed that brand-celebrity congruency influences brand reputation and brand uniqueness. However, brand-consumer congruency had an effect only on brand reputation and not on brand uniqueness. Both brand reputation and uniqueness have favourable impact on consumers purchase intentions. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature on celebrity endorsement by extending the discussion with personality-based congruence. The research deciphered two aspects of identification, i.e. consumer-brand personality congruence and brand-celebrity congruence. The paper hypothesized the favourable association between brand personality and consumer personality congruence and brand uniqueness. However, it was observed that brand personality-consumer personality identification had an insignificant influence on brand uniqueness. This is contrary to the findings of some studies in the literature. Further investigation of this relationship in the future may add a new dimension to the identification context.
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Calderón, Sebastián, Raúl Rincón, Andrés Araujo, and Carlos Gantiva. "Effect of congruence between sound and video on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotion." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1593.
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Most studies of emotional responses have used unimodal stimuli (e.g., pictures or sounds) or congruent bimodal stimuli (e.g., video clips with sound), but little is known about the emotional response to incongruent bimodal stimuli. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of congruence between auditory and visual bimodal stimuli on heart rate and self-reported measures of emotional dimension, valence and arousal. Subjects listened to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant sounds, accompanied by videos with and without content congruence, and heart rate was recorded. Dimensions of valence and arousal of each bimodal stimulus were then self-reported. The results showed that heart rate depends of the valence of the sounds but not of the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. The valence and arousal scores changed depending on the congruence of the bimodal stimuli. These results suggest that the congruence of bimodal stimuli affects the subjective perception of emotion.
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Naderi, Ehsan, Iman Naderi, and Bimal Balakrishnan. "Product design matters, but is it enough? Consumers’ responses to product design and environment congruence." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 7 (February 8, 2020): 939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-08-2018-1975.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the combined effects of product design and environment congruence on consumers’ aesthetic, affective and behavioral responses. Design/methodology/approach Two lab experiments with a 2 (high-level design cues vs low-level design cues) × 2 (congruent environment vs non-congruent environment) between-subjects design were conducted to test the hypotheses. The experimental stimuli (product: digital camera; environment: product display in a retail environment) were presented in a 3D simulation environment using a large TV (Experiment 1) and a stereoscopic virtual reality headset. Findings The results support the notion that product design cues elicit more positive aesthetic and affective responses. Environment congruence, on the other hand, plays a moderating role; product design cues elicit more favorable consumer responses in a congruent environment. In contrast, no such effect was found in a non-congruent environment. Practical implications Creating a congruent environment is only effective for well-designed products. In contrast, for products with low-level design elements, the congruence of promotional environment is not instrumental and may not elicit more favorable responses. Hence, such products can simply be presented in a generic display, especially considering the significant costs associated with designing, building and setting up a congruent display. Originality/value Despite the empirical findings supporting the significant role of product design and environment congruence on consumers’ perceptual and behavioral responses, there is a paucity of research on the combined effect of these two factors. The present investigation is an attempt to fill this gap and challenges the generalizations made in previous research suggesting that a product’s environment must be aligned with the design elements embedded in the product.
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Šetić, Mia, and Dražen Domijan. "Numerical Congruency Effect in the Sentence-Picture Verification Task." Experimental Psychology 64, no. 3 (May 2017): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000358.
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Abstract. In two experiments, we showed that irrelevant numerical information influenced the speed of sentence-picture verification. Participants were asked to verify whether the concept mentioned in a sentence matched the object presented in a subsequent picture. Concurrently, the number word attached to the concept in the sentence and the quantity of objects presented in the picture were manipulated (numerical congruency). The number of objects varied from one to four. In Experiment 1, participants read statements such as three dogs. In Experiment 2, they read sentences such as three dogs were wandering in the street. In both experiments, the verification speed revealed the interaction between response and numerical congruency. The verification times for concept-object match were faster when there was also numerical congruence (compared with incongruence) between the number word and quantity. On the other hand, there was no difference between numerical congruence and incongruence when the concept and object mismatched. The results are interpreted as evidence for the symbol grounding of number words in perceptual representation of small quantities, that is, quantities falling in the subitization range.
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Kukec, Marko. "Intra-party conflict at grassroots: Party-councillor ideological congruence in Croatia." Party Politics 25, no. 5 (March 13, 2019): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068819836047.
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Party-councillor ideological congruence reinforces party linkages with local voters and credibility of councillors as future party elites. This contribution examines the role of career motivations and selective incentives, as well as party branch characteristics in forming party-councillor congruence. The empirical analysis draws on the original survey of Croatian local councillors. The results find councillors with progressive ambition and those exposed to intra-branch competition reporting higher levels of ideological congruence with their parties, while no effect was found for holders of upper level party positions. Branch power has the opposite effect from expected. Party grassroots shape ideologically congruent professional politicians, but this function is challenged by shrinking supply of candidates.
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Huang, Yan, and Hye Jin Yoon. "Prosocial native advertising on social media: effects of ad-context congruence, ad position and ad type." Journal of Social Marketing 12, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-05-2021-0105.
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Purpose Social media have become an increasingly important venue for prosocial campaigns. Competing for the public’s attention in the digital space is an ongoing challenge. This study aims to test the influence of ad-context congruence, ad position and ad type (i.e. public service advertising [PSA] vs cause-related brand [CRB] advertising) on the effectiveness of prosocial native advertising on social media. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted on different social media platforms (i.e. Twitter and Instagram) with varied prosocial issues (i.e. healthy eating and environmental sustainability). Findings Experiment 1 indicated that the congruence between prosocial native ads and social media feeds elicited greater ad involvement and a more favorable ad attitude, regardless of ad position. Experiment 2 revealed that such an impact was contingent on whether the prosocial native ad was a public service ad or a CRB ad. The positive influence of ad-context congruence was pronounced among public service ads but was not observed among CRB ads. Perceived ad involvement mediated the interaction effects between ad-context congruence and ad type on ad attitude and behavioral intention. Originality/value The study extends ad-context congruence research to the context of prosocial native advertising on social media. Moreover, it identifies ad type as a boundary condition for the congruence effects and reveals that increased ad involvement is the mechanism underlying the positive effect of congruent PSA.
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Silva, Alfredo, and José Manuel Cristóvão Veríssimo. "From fans to buyers: antecedents of sponsor's products purchase intention." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 21, no. 3 (April 18, 2020): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-03-2019-0028.
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PurposeThis study aims to explore the indirect and direct effect of perceived congruence between fans' identification with a team and the intention to buy sponsor's products. The level of perceived congruence between the sponsor and the sports team, as well as fans' attitude toward the sponsor and their purchase intention toward products from the sponsoring company are analyzed.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 2,647 football fans who support two well-known Portuguese professional football teams completed a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling with multigroup analysis was carried out to test the model and the hypotheses.FindingsTeam identification has an effect on perceived congruence, on attitude toward sponsors and on intention to buy. The results also show the positive direct and indirect effects of both perceived congruence on attitude toward the sponsoring company and on purchase intention of sponsors' products. However, neither congruence nor attitude show significant results on purchase intention.Originality/valueThis study departs from previous studies, in that it investigates the direct and indirect (i.e. mediated) effects of perceived congruence. Firstly, it analyzes the mediating effect of perceived congruence between team identification and purchase intentions. Secondly, it explores the mediating effect of perceived congruence between team identification and attitude toward the sponsor.
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Peynircioğlu, Zehra F., James D. March, Aimée M. Surprenant, and Ian Neath. "Contrast and Congruence Effects in Affective Priming of Words and Melodies." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0001.
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We examined possible congruence and contrast effects during affective priming of linguistic and musical stimuli. In Experiment 1, when two words were presented auditorily, participants judged the affective content of the second item (happy or sad) faster when the affects matched (congruency), as expected. In Experiment 2, however, a contrast effect was observed with melodies, with slower responses in the matched conditions. In Experiment 3, two words, two melodies, or one of each were presented. A congruency effect was observed when the target was a musical stimulus (regardless of the prime type) but a contrast effect was observed when the target was a linguistic stimulus (again, regardless of the prime type). The results show that affective properties can influence the priming in both music and language. However, such priming is sensitive to the type of task, and strategic/expectancy effects play a large role when stimulus types are mixed.
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Pötschke, Ivonne. "A Felt Truth: Value Congruence in Family Firms." management revue 31, no. 3 (2020): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2020-3-281.
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Family firms are known for having a strong culture and shared values, which arise from the ways in which family traditions and dynamics influence the business. Value congruence is known for having positive effects on employees’ affective commitment, which is strongly connected to organisational performance. Thus, one can assume that a strong family influence on a business entails strong congruency between employees’ and firms’ values. To explore this topic in more depth, the present paper employs theoretical strands from family business research and person-organisation-fit theory. To examine the relationship between family influence, value congruence and their effect on affective commitment, this study conducted an online survey among 15 family firms that were categorized according to their family influence. The paper compared firms with weak and strong family influence in terms of employees’ value congruence and their affective commitment, as well as considered potential influencing factors such as leadership, management stewardship, and tenure. Different methods were used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that family firms with a strong family influence have higher levels of perceived value congruence and affective commitment among employees.
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Vashisht, Devika, and Sreejesh S. "Effect of nature of the game on ad-persuasion in online gaming context." Internet Research 27, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-10-2014-0271.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of nature of advergame and moderating roles of game-product congruence and need for cognition (NFC) on gamers’ ad-persuasion from attention and elaboration perspectives. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (nature of game: fast or slow)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low)×2 (NFC: high or low) between measures design is used. In total, 224 graduate students participated in the study. A 2×2×2 between subjects ANOVA is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that slow-paced advergames result in high persuasion than fast-paced advergames. A 2 way-interaction indicates that for a slow-paced advergame, low game-product congruence result in high persuasion than in high game-product congruence. Furthermore, findings reveal that for a slow-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, subjects with high NFC report high persuasion than subjects with low NFC. For a fast-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, subjects with high NFC report high persuasion than subjects with low NFC. Practical implications The findings of the study are very important for advertising practitioners as selection of media that fit the advertised product with reference to the content of the media is a planning strategy that has been widely used by media planners. Thus, if high brand recall and recognition is the primary goal for advertisers, then, slow-paced advergames with low-congruent brand placements can be considered a better media strategy for in-game advertising. Furthermore, advertising managers can design advergames by taking into account NFC factor to make sure that the implementation has the strongest positive effect on consumers’ persuasion. Furthermore, advertising managers can design advergames by taking into account NFC factor to make sure that the implementation has the strongest positive effect on consumers’ persuasion. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature of non-traditional online advertising, specifically advergaming context by exploring the impact of nature of game and game-product congruence on gamers’ ad-persuasion. Also, this study is the first attempt toward understanding the moderating role of NFC on gamers’ ad-persuasion in the context of online advertising.
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Demanet, Jannick, Lore Van Praag, and Mieke Van Houtte. "About Ethnicity, Fitting In, and Acting Out: Applying the Person–Environment Fit Framework to School Misconduct." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 15, no. 2 (2016): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.15.2.293.
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Starting from a person–environment fit framework, this study investigates whether ethnic congruence—the percentage of co-ethnics in a school—relates to school misconduct and whether congruence effects differ between ethnic minority and majority students. Moreover, we investigate whether eventual associations are mediated by friendship attachment, perceived teacher support, and general school belonging. Multilevel analyses of data from 11,759 students across 83 Flemish secondary schools show that higher ethnic congruence is associated with lower levels of school misconduct but only for ethnic minority students. This effect was not mediated by friendship attachment, nor by teacher support, but it was mediated by general school belonging. We conclude that ethnic minority students in schools with a higher percentage of peers of co-ethnic descent are less likely to break the school rules because they feel more contented in the school context, which is congruent with the person–environment fit framework.
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Vashisht, Devika. "Effect of interactivity and congruence on brand advocacy and brand acceptance." Arts and the Market 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-01-2019-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance in the context of in-game advertising. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (interactivity: high or low)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 140 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that for a high-interactive game, congruent condition results in higher brand advocacy and superior brand acceptance than the incongruent condition. However, for a low-interactive game, both congruent and incongruent conditions will result in the same level of brand advocacy as well as equal levels of brand acceptance. Research limitations/implications This paper provides implications for theory as well as practice by providing the empirical evidence of the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspective of attention and elaboration. If higher brand advocacy and greater brand acceptance are the objectives of the brand managers, then a high interactive with congruent brand placements would be the right approach for effective advergames. Originality/value This investigation contributes to non-traditional advertising media literature, specifically to the area of branded entertainment, like brand placements in digital games by examining and exploring the influence of game-specific factors on players’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance. Moreover, this paper is one of the first to reveal the real-time roles of game-specific factors in generating gamers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspectives of attention and elaboration, in an emerging marketing context, like India.
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Bao, Yan, Ping Han, Shudi Liao, and Jianqiao Liao. "The effects of leader–subordinate power distance orientation congruence on employees' taking charge behaviors in China: a moderated mediation model." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 370–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2020-0254.
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PurposeBased on the social exchange theory, this study explores the mechanism of leader–subordinate power distance orientation (PDO) congruence with employees' taking charge behavior (TCB) and also verifies the moderated mediation effect of employees' promotion regulatory focus (PROM-F) on leader–subordinate PDO congruence and on employees' TCB through trust in the leader (which is the mediator).Design/methodology/approachBased on 296 questionnaires from 46 teams of Chinese enterprises, the authors use cross-level polynomial regressions and response surface techniques to analyze the effect of leader–subordinate PDO congruence on employees' TCB and use the block variable technique to test the mediating effect of trust in the leader.Findings(1) When leader–subordinates' PDO is congruent, the leader–subordinate low-low PDO matching pattern leads to more employees' TCB than the leader–subordinate high-high PDO matching pattern. (2) When leader–subordinate PDO is incongruent, the leader–subordinate low–high PDO matching pattern will lead to more TCB than the high-low PDO pattern.Practical implications(1) Encourage and promote the development of diverse cultures in enterprises. (2) Respect the power and status of employees and encourage a low-PDO leadership style. (3) Increase credibility by developing and establishing a good corporate leader image.Originality/value(1) The unique background of this survey offers important cross-cultural information on the effects of leader–subordinate PDO congruence. (2) The results of this research enrich the theoretical understanding of the factors that influence TCB. (3) Reveal the internal mechanisms of CPD congruence with TCB and demonstrate an indirect effect of trust in leader. (4) The discussion of the moderating role of employee's PROM-F will also deepen the understanding of the exchange relationship between leaders and subordinates.
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Shahbari, Juhaina Awawdeh, and Wajeeh Daher. "Learning Congruent Triangles through Ethnomathematics: The Case of Students with Difficulties in Mathematics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144950.
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Ethnomathematics makes school mathematics more relevant and meaningful for students. The current research aims to study the effect of using ethnomathematics in the context of Islamic ornamentation on learning the topic of congruent triangles. To achieve this aim, 30 10th-grade students engaged in ethnomathematics by learning about congruent triangles using Islamic ornamentation. Data was gathered via (a) videotaping and transcribing students’ learning and (b) students answering two parallel questionnaires that included proof questions on the three congruence theorems. The students were required to answer one questionnaire before the learning process and one after it. The main results indicated that the students succeeded in constructing the concepts of congruence and congruent triangles via the ethnomathematics learning process. In addition, the students succeeded in arriving at and formulating the three congruence theorems. Moreover, findings obtained from the questionnaires indicated that the students improved their proving processes as a result of ethnomathematics-based learning. Furthermore, paired sample t-tests indicated significant differences between the students’ mean scores before and after the learning process.
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Vashisht, Devika, and Abhishek Chauhan. "Effect of game-interactivity and congruence on presence and brand attitude." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, no. 6 (September 4, 2017): 789–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2017-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of interactivity and game-product congruence on the players’ feelings of presence and their brand attitude in the context of in-game advertising. Specifically, this research illustrates the conditions under which the brand placements in digital games create attention, engagement, subsequent feelings of presence and brand attitude by drawing the insights from the “limited capacity model of attention,” the “vividness effects theory” and the “transportation theory.” Design/methodology/approach A 2 (interactivity: high or low)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 152 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that for a high game-product congruent game, high interactivity results in greater levels of feelings of presence than a low-interactivity condition. However, for a low game-product congruent game, both high- and low-interactivity conditions result in the same level of presence. Furthermore, the findings also show that for a high game-product congruent game, high interactivity results in more favorable brand attitude than a low-interactivity condition. On the other hand, for a low game-product congruent game, both high- and low-interactivity conditions result in the same level of brand attitude. Research limitations/implications This paper provides implications for theory as well as practice by providing the empirical evidence of the combined effect of game-product congruence and interactivity on feelings of presence and brand attitude from the perspectives of attention, engagement and transportation of experiences in an emerging marketing context like India. The findings are useful for marketing practitioners in terms of effective in-game advertising, designing and execution. Future research can be conducted by exploring the in-game advertising effects of various other variables, such as product-involvement, game-involvement or game-repetition. Originality/value This investigation contributes to the literature of non-traditional advertising media, specifically to the area of branded entertainment, like brand placements in digital games by examining and exploring the influence of game-specific factors on the players’ feelings of presence and brand attitudes. Moreover, this paper is one of the first to reveal the real-time roles of game-specific factors in creating gamers’ feelings of presence and brand attitude from the perspectives of attention, engagement and transportation of experience in an emerging market context like India.
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Min, Seon Ju, and Yo Wan Kim. "Trauma and Aggression: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Anger Expression and Congruence." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.4.143.
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This study seeks to investigate the sequential mediating effects of the anger-out/in process and the degree of congruence in the relationship between trauma and aggression. For this purpose, data were collected by online self-reported surveys from 623 adult students at a cyber university, and frequency analysis, Cronbach-α coefficient confirmation, a descriptive statistical analysis, and a Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. Effects of relationship between each variables were verified by bootstrap verification, through the application of a sequential mediating effect model of SPSS Process macro, the sixth model. The results showed that trauma, the anger-out/in metric, congruence, and aggression were significantly correlated. In addition, trauma indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through anger-out/in, indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through congruence, and indirectly had a positive effect on aggression through anger-out/in and congruence. Hence, the hypothesis that the sequential mediating effects of anger-out/in and congruence will be significant in the relationship between trauma and aggression was adopted. In this study, the significance levels and limitations are revealed and follow-up studies are suggested.
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Kim, Yoojung, and Sejung Marina Choi. "When Bad Becomes Good: The Role of Congruence and Product Type in the CSR Initiatives of Stigmatized Industries." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 8164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138164.
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This study examines how congruence and product type affect consumer responses in the context of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of stigmatized industries. This study conducted two experiments with college students to assess the effects of congruence and CSR type (cause-related marketing vs. advocacy advertising) (Study 1) and effects of congruence and product type (hedonic vs. utilitarian) (Study 2) on consumers’ corporate evaluations. The results of Study 1 showed that congruence generates weaker attributions of corporate altruistic motives and greater negative perceptions of corporate credibility and attitude than incongruence. However, there was no significant effect of CSR type on consumers’ evaluations of a company. The findings of Study 2 revealed significant main effects for product type. When CSR initiatives are associated with hedonic products, consumers’ altruistic attributions, credibility, and attitudes toward the product are more negative than when linked to utilitarian products in stigmatized industries. Moreover, there was a marginally significant interaction effect of congruence and product type on attitude toward the company. This study contributes to the emerging body of CSR literature in stigmatized industries by empirically determining how congruence and hedonic product type may cause backlash effects.
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Engelbrecht, A. S. "The effect of organisational leadership on value congruence and effectiveness: An integrated model." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i3.2743.
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The study explores the influence of transactional and transformational leadership on value congruence and leader effectiveness. Despite the relevance of a leadership-value congruence relationship, a good theoretical framework is lacking. After a review of literature on each of these areas, an integrated model of the relationships between leadership, value congruence and outcomes, is presented. Drawing on previous research, it is proposed that the relationship between leadership and effectiveness be mediated by the efficacy expectancies of followers. It is argued that leader-follower altruistic value congruence would moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and effectiveness. By contrast, leader-follower trading value congruence would moderate the relationship between transactional leadership and effectiveness. Based on the leadership-value congruence model, several research propositions are presented for future empirical verification.
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Kao, Karen C., Sally Rao Hill, and Indrit Troshani. "Effects of cue congruence and perceived cue authenticity in online group buying." Internet Research 30, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 945–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2018-0477.
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PurposeThe study investigates how the congruence of online deal popularity and star rating influences service quality expectation in online group buying (OGB) websites. It also investigates the role of authenticity perceptions of online cues.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments are used to assess the effects of congruence between deal popularity and star rating on service quality expectation for service deals in an OGB website.FindingsThe findings suggest that a combination of congruently high deal popularity and high star rating has a stronger effect on expected service quality than a combination of congruently low cues. The findings further suggest that expected service quality is greater under the combination of high deal popularity and low star rating than the combination of low deal popularity and high star rating, showing the differences between incongruent cue combinations. The findings also show the moderating effect of consumer authenticity perceptions of cues on the expected service quality.Originality/valueThe novel contribution of the study is to extend cue congruence theory to explain how congruent online information cues and the consumers' authenticity perceptions of the cues influence consumers' judgment of online deals. The contribution is validated empirically in the context of OGB. The findings advance current knowledge concerning how consumers use online information cues.
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Lu, Guoying, and Guanhua Hou. "Effects of Semantic Congruence on Sign Identification: An ERP Study." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 5 (June 28, 2019): 800–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819854880.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of semantic congruence and incongruence on sign identification by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Background Sign systems have crucial roles in public spaces and traffic facilities. Poorly designed signs can easily confuse pedestrians and drivers and reduce the efficiency of public activities and urban administration. Method Thirty-one participants completed a sign identification experiment independently in a laboratory setting. Experimental materials were selected from GB/T 10001, a Chinese national recommendation standard that is officially named Public Information Graphical Symbols for Use on Signs. All ERP data were processed using MATLAB 13b, and behavioral data were analyzed using Stata 14. Results N170, P200, N300, and N400 components were induced during semantic processing. Statistical analysis revealed that semantic congruence has a main effect on N300 in the frontal region and has a main effect on N400 at FZ in the frontal region, CPZ in the parietal-central region, and PZ in the parietal region. Amplitudes of N300 induced by picture–word matching were considerably different between the two experimental conditions at electrodes FZ and FCZ. Amplitudes of N400 were significantly larger in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition. Conclusion The study demonstrated that N300 and N400 are promising indicators for measuring semantic congruence in future sign design. Application Our findings provide ERP indicators for measuring the semantic congruence of sign design, which can be easily applied to improve the efficiency of sign design and sign comprehension.
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O'Leary, M. J., and P. J. Barber. "Stimulus congruence and the Simon effect." Psychological Research 56, no. 3 (April 1994): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00419707.
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Wang, Dan, Yunyun Qin, and Yang He. "The Effect of Leader–Follower Psychological Capital Congruence on Safety Behavior." Buildings 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010001.
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This study aims to explore the relationship between leader and follower psychological capital (PC) congruence, intrinsic safety motivation (ISM), and safety behavior (SB). The construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries, and most safety accidents are determined by human behavior. Exploring the factors influencing construction workers’ SB is important for improving construction safety. This study collected 242 paired questionnaires from frontline construction workers and crew leaders in China. The SPSS 22.0 software and PROCESS program were used for analysis, the empirical study was conducted using polynomial regression and response surface analysis, and the block variable method was used to test for mediating effects. The findings show that (a) the level of follower SB is determined by the degree of leader–follower PC congruence; (b) when leader–follower PC was congruent, the impact of both high PCs on follower SB was enhanced compared to each low PC; (c) when leader–follower PC was incongruent, the impact of follower PC (FPC) above leader PC (LPC) was better on follower SB compared to FPC below LPC; (d) the relationship between leader–follower PC congruence and follower SB was mediated by ISM. The promotion of SB should focus on the fit between leaders and followers in addition to the PC of the followers themselves. This study contributes to workgroup safety in the construction industry by improving the fit between workgroup leaders and members, promoting ISM, and thus improving their safety performance.
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Roopak, Kumar, Sushanta Kumar Mishra, and Ekta Sikarwar. "Linking leader–follower proactive personality congruence to creativity." Personnel Review 48, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 454–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2017-0332.
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Purpose Drawing from the literature on person–environment fit and proactive personality, the purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether congruence between the proactive personality of a leader and his/her follower is facilitative/inhibitive of creativity of the follower. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in two waves from 355 followers and 36 corresponding leaders working in a large manufacturing company in India. Hypotheses were tested using polynomial regression analysis and response surface method. Findings The results indicate that leader–follower congruence in proactive personality is more likely to encourage followers’ creativity. Moreover, leader–follower congruence at higher levels of proactive personality showed higher levels of followers’ creativity than when dyads are congruent at lower levels. Practical implications Findings suggest that human resource management in organizations should consider matching leaders’ proactive personality with that of followers’ to foster employee creativity. This is critical from the perspective of recruitment and dyad formulation for jobs that demand creativity. Originality/value Research examining why and how congruence in personal characteristics between a leader and his/her follower foster followers’ creativity is at best scant. The study is a novel attempt to examine the effect of congruence in leader–follower proactive personalities on workplace creativity of the follower.
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Gonzalez, Jorge A. "Demographic dissimilarity, value congruence, and workplace attachment." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-07-2013-0256.
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Purpose – Relying on relational demography and person-organization fit perspectives, the purpose of this paper is to explore the interactive effect of demographic dissimilarity and value congruence on workplace attachment outcomes – affective and normative organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Based on optimal distinctiveness theory, asymmetrical effects across gender and race/ethnicity are also examined. Design/methodology/approach – A diverse sample of 278 restaurant workers in 30 different work units is used to test the hypotheses using hierarchical OLS regression. Findings – The results partially support the idea that perceived and objective value congruence moderate the relationship of race/ethnic and gender dissimilarity on workplace attachment. Tests for asymmetrical demographic group effects showed that value congruence had a stronger moderating effect for whites than for people of color, and for men than for women. Research limitations/implications – The results suggest that value congruence can ameliorate the adverse diversity effects on workplace attachment, but that a complete substitution effect may not be present. Women and minorities may still be sensitive to demographic representation even when their value congruence is high. This implies that a simultaneous pursuit of fit and diversity is an adequate diversity management strategy to stimulate the inclusion and workplace attachment of all social groups. Originality/value – This study joins a limited number of studies addressing the interaction of value congruence and demographic dissimilarity, and presents empirical evidence from a work setting. Also, this is the first study to show gender and race/ethnic differences in this interaction.
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Alharbi, Khalid, Joon Kyoung Kim, Christopher Noland, and Jackson Carter. "When Corporate Social Advocacy Meets Controversial Celebrity: The Role of Consumer–Brand Congruence and Consumer-Celebrity Congruence." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031811.
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This study investigates the role of consumer–brand congruence and consumer–celebrity congruence in the formation of consumer attitudes toward brands and their impact on behavioral intentions within the context of corporate social advocacy (CSA) involving controversial celebrities. Using a U.S. sample drawn from a Qualtrics panel (N = 372), the results of mediation analyses indicate that attitude toward a brand positively mediates the effects of consumer–brand congruence on consumers’ behavioral intentions, including purchase intention, brand preference, and boycott recommendation. The consumer–celebrity congruence moderated the indirect effect of consumer–brand congruence on brand preference and boycott recommendations, but not purchase intention. The findings of this study contribute to the CSA literature and practices by highlighting the role of consumers’ congruence with a controversial celebrity in determining consumers’ behavioral responses to CSA. When brands practice CSA, consumer–brand congruence rather than consumer–celebrity congruence could play a more important role in shaping consumer behaviors.
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Enggar Afni Nindia, Amiartuti Kusmaningtyas, and Riyadi Nugroho. "Authentic leadership to improve individual performance through value congruence and individual creativity of Indonesian sharia commercial bank employees." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0791.
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This study aims to analyze the influence between variables, namely authentic leadership, value congruence, individual creativity and individual performance. Respondents in this study were 98 employees at PT BSI Sub Branch Office in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with data analysis using PLS (Partial Least Square). The results showed that authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on the value congruence, authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on individual creativity, authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on the individual performance, value congruence had a significant positive effect on individual creativity, value congruence has a significant positive effect on the individual performance, individual creativity has a significant positive effect on the individual performance. Based on this research, the company can improve employee’s individual performance through authentic leadership that has value congruence and individual creativity.
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Khaptsova, Alyona, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Life Satisfaction and Value Congruence." Social Psychology 47, no. 3 (May 2016): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000268.
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Abstract. Congruence between own and reference group values promotes life satisfaction. Does this effect extend to value congruence with others with whom one does not interact but who share socio-demographic characteristics? We constructed 36 socio-demographic categories in a representative Russian national sample (N = 961). Correlations of individuals’ values with the mean value of their category indexed value congruence. Both a meta-analysis across the constructed groups and an individual level regression analysis confirmed a positive value congruence – life satisfaction effect. This effect held even when controlling for age, gender, education, religiosity, region, religion, and the 19 values on which the congruence score was based. Self-direction-action values moderated the effect: it was stronger the less important independence of action was to individuals.
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Tamariz, Monica, Aliki Papa, Mioara Cristea, and Nicola McGuigan. "Context congruence: How associative learning modulates cultural evolution." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 4, 2023): e0282776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282776.
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The adoption of cultural variants by learners is affected by multiple factors including the prestige of the model and the value and frequency of different variants. However, little is known about what affects onward cultural transmission, or the choice of variants that models produce to pass on to new learners. This study investigated the effects on this choice of congruence between two contexts: the one in which variants are learned and the one in which they are later transmitted on. We hypothesized that when we are placed in a particular context, we will be more likely to produce (and therefore transmit) variants that we learned in that same (congruent) context. In particular, we tested the effect of a social contextual aspect–the relationship between model and learner. Our participants learned two methods to solve a puzzle, a variant from an “expert” (in an expert-to-novice context) and another one from a “peer” (in a peer-to-peer context). They were then asked to transmit one method onward, either to a “novice” (in a new expert-to-novice context) or to another “peer” (in a new peer-to-peer context). Participants were, overall, more likely to transmit the variant learned from an expert, evidencing an effect of by prestige bias. Crucially, in support of our hypothesis, they were also more likely to transmit the variant they had learned in the congruent context. Parameter estimation computer simulations of the experiment revealed that congruence bias was stronger than prestige bias.
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Shin, Sumin, and Eyun-Jung Ki. "The effects of congruency of environmental issue and product category and green reputation on consumer responses toward green advertising." Management Decision 57, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the congruence effect of the product and claimed environmental issue on green advertising on consumer responses as well as the moderation effect of the perceived green reputation of the product on the congruence effect. Design/methodology/approach A two-by-two designed experiment (high/low congruence × high/low green reputation) with a covariate (ad skepticism) was conducted via online survey recruiting 179 college students. Findings High congruence of green issue and product category generated positive ad attitude, sponsor attitude, behavioral intention (BI), sponsor credibility and message credibility. Low green reputation positively affected ad attitude and BI. An interaction effect of congruence and green reputation on BI occurred. Originality/value This study contributes to suggest a new approach to green reputation by examining a perception of a product category in terms of green reputation. The study findings recommend marketing communication managers to keep high congruence of their product category and claimed environmental issue to maximize communication effectiveness.
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Humberg, Sarah, Steffen Nestler, and Mitja D. Back. "Response Surface Analysis in Personality and Social Psychology: Checklist and Clarifications for the Case of Congruence Hypotheses." Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2018): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550618757600.
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Response surface analysis (RSA) enables researchers to test complex psychological effects, for example, whether the congruence of two psychological constructs is associated with higher values in an outcome variable. RSA is increasingly applied in the personality and social psychological literature, but the validity of published results has been challenged by some persistent oversimplifications and misconceptions. Here, we describe the mathematical fundamentals required to interpret RSA results, and we provide a checklist for correctly identifying congruence effects. We clarify two prominent fallacies by showing that the test of a single RSA parameter cannot indicate a congruence effect, and when there is a congruence effect, RSA cannot indicate whether a predictor mismatch in one direction (e.g., overestimation of one’s intelligence) is better or worse than a mismatch in the other direction (underestimation). We hope that this contribution will further enhance the validity and strength of empirical studies that apply this powerful approach.
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Nicholls, Victoria I., Benjamin Alsbury-Nealy, Alexandra Krugliak, and Alex Clarke. "Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol." Wellcome Open Research 7 (May 26, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17856.1.
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Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment. Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency. Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
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Nicholls, Victoria I., Benjamin Alsbury-Nealy, Alexandra Krugliak, and Alex Clarke. "Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol." Wellcome Open Research 7 (November 30, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17856.2.
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Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment. Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency. Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
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Nicholls, Victoria I., Benjamin Alsbury-Nealy, Alexandra Krugliak, and Alex Clarke. "Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol." Wellcome Open Research 7 (July 14, 2023): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17856.3.
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Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment. Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency. Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
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Yuwono, Grace, and Dudi Anandya. "Brand Loyalty: Strengthening Brand Experience and Brand Satisfaction." JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS 9, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v9i1.1091.
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This study aims to examine the effect of brand experience on Consumer-Based Brand Equity, satisfaction and loyalty at Starbucks in Surabaya. This research was conducted using SEM and processed using SPSS and AMOS. The number of respondents used is 210 respondents who live in the city of Surabaya and have purchased and enjoyed dine-in facilities and services. The results showed that brand experience had a positive effect on brand awareness, identification, physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence and lifestyle congruence. Brand awareness, identification, physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence have a positive effect on brand satisfaction. Brand satisfaction has a positive effect on brand loyalty. However, lifestyle congruence has no effect on brand satisfaction.
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Vashisht, Devika, and Sreejesh S. "Impact of nature of advergames on brand recall and brand attitude among young Indian gamers: moderating roles of game-product congruence and persuasion knowledge." Young Consumers 16, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-03-2015-00512.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to enhance the knowledge of advertising effects of nature of advergame (game speed) on gamers’ brand recall and attitude. More specifically, this study investigates varying effects of game speed in advergames on young Indian gamers’ brand recall and attitudes under varied game-product congruence and persuasion knowledge conditions from attention, elaboration and persuasion perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (nature of advergame: fast or slow) × 2 (game-product congruence: high or low) × 2 (persuasion knowledge: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. Experimental data were collected from 235 Indian graduate students. ANOVAs and MANOVA with pre-planned contrasts are used to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results indicate that for a slow-paced advergame, low game-product congruence result in high brand recall than high game-product congruence. For a fast-paced advergame, there is no difference in brand recall between low game-product congruence and high game-product congruence. Furthermore, findings reveal that for a slow-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, subjects with high persuasion knowledge report high brand recall and less favorable brand attitude than subjects with low persuasion knowledge. On the other hand, for a fast-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, there is no difference in brand recall and brand attitude between the subjects with high persuasion knowledge and the subjects with low persuasion knowledge. Practical implications – The findings of the study are very important for advertising practitioners, as selection of media that fit the advertised product with reference to the nature and content of the media is a planning strategy that has been widely used by media planners. Thus, if advertisers want to create high brand awareness by creating high brand memory, then slow-paced advergames with low congruent brand placements can be chosen as an effective in-game media strategy for online advertising. Additionally, game developers and marketers can plan and develop more effective advergames by taking into account the persuasion knowledge factor so that the implementation would have the strongest positive effect on consumers’ brand recall and brand attitude. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature of non-traditional media advertising, specifically advergaming context by exploring the impact of nature of game and game-product congruence on gamers’ ad-persuasion. Also, this study is the first attempt to understand how the game speed and its boundary conditions influence gamers’ brand recall and attitude and in attention, elaboration and persuasion perspectives.
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Ardianingrum, Vivi, and Titik Nurbiyati. "PENGARUH NILAI KERJA DAN KESESUAIAN NILAI KERJA INDIVIDU TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR DAN KEPUASAN KERJA." Kajian Bisnis Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha 26, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 170–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jkb.v26i2.123.
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This study aimed to determine the influence of work value and work congruence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction. The study was conducted on non medical staff, nurses and general practitioners of Yogyakarta Islamic Hospital PDHI. This study uses the population as a sample. Cluster sampling method sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study was 119 people consisting of 72 percent of men and 28 percent of women. The data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 as an analytical tool. The result of the research there is significant effect of work value to job satisfaction partially. There was no significant effect on the wark congruence to job satisfaction partially. There was a significant effect on the value of work, work congruence to job satisfaction simultaneously. There was no significant effect of work value to OCB partially. There was a significant effect on the work congruence to OCB partially. There was significant influence of work value, work congruence to OCB simultaneously. There was a significant negative effect of job satisfaction on OCB partially.
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Ardianingrum, Vivi, and Titik Nurbiyati. "Pengaruh Nilai Kerja Dan Kesesuaian Nilai Kerja Individu Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Dan Kepuasan Kerja." Kajian Bisnis STIE Widya Wiwaha 26, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 170–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jkb.v26i2.277.
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This study aimed to determine the influence of work value and work congruence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction. The study was conducted on non medical staff, nurses and general practitioners of Yogyakarta Islamic Hospital PDHI. This study uses the population as a sample. Cluster sampling method sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study was 119 people consisting of 72 percent of men and 28 percent of women. The data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 as an analytical tool. The result of the research there is significant effect of work value to job satisfaction partially. There was no significant effect on the wark congruence to job satisfaction partially. There was a significant effect on the value of work, work congruence to job satisfaction simultaneously. There was no significant effect of work value to OCB partially. There was a significant effect on the work congruence to OCB partially. There was significant influence of work value, work congruence to OCB simultaneously. There was a significant negative effect of job satisfaction on OCB partially.
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Ilicic, Jasmina, Stacey M. Baxter, and Alicia Kulczynski. "Names versus faces: examining spokesperson-based congruency effects in advertising." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1/2 (February 9, 2015): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2013-0579.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the influence of spokesperson appearance (visual congruence) and the sounds contained in a spokesperson’s name (verbal congruence) on consumer perceptions of spokesperson–product fit. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 ensured that verbal congruence impacted perceptions of spokesperson–product fit. Experiment 2 compared the effect of verbal congruence versus traditional match-up (visual congruence) on perceptions of spokesperson–product fit. The mediating role of spokesperson–product fit on attitude towards the advertisement and the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) was also tested. Findings – Findings indicate that verbal congruence influences consumer perceptions of fit, regardless of visual congruence. Perceptions of spokesperson–product fit also act as mediators between visual and verbal congruence and attitude towards the advertisement. However, verbal congruence did not influence consumer perceptions of spokesperson–product fit when the NFC was low. Research limitations/implications – This research has implications for advertisers and brand managers considering the creation of a name for a non-celebrity spokesperson or the development of a brand/spokes-character. However, this research is limited, as it examines only male names. Originality/value – This research shows that perceptions of spokesperson and product fit are not only influenced by spokesperson appearance (visual congruence) but also by spokesperson name (verbal congruence). This research also identifies limitations of the applicability of phonetic symbolism theory by identifying a condition under which phonetic symbolism (verbal congruence) exerts no effects on perceptions of spokesperson–product fit.
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Rodríguez-Zepeda, Juan Antonio, and Patricia Otero-Felipe. "A Multilevel Model of Ideological Congruence in Latin America." Latin American Politics and Society 63, no. 3 (August 2021): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2021.25.
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ABSTRACTWhat explains ideological congruence between citizens and political parties? Although the literature on congruence has recently provided some answers to this question, most of these works have focused on the effect of systemic and partisan factors. They have paid less attention to the effect of people’s characteristics on ideological congruence, which is built by the interaction between citizens’ positions on public issues and those of the political parties that represent them. Our general research hypothesis is that party-voter congruence is stronger when parties reduce the uncertainty about their ideological positions and citizens can understand these signals better. Analysis of Latin American data supports this hypothesis, showing that people’s cognitive ability, specifically education and political knowledge, has a positive effect on party-voter ideological congruence. Moreover, this relationship is moderated by parties’ attributes, such as ideological ambiguity and radicalism.
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Henderson, Conor M., Marc Mazodier, and Aparna Sundar. "The Color of Support: The Effect of Sponsor–Team Visual Congruence on Sponsorship Performance." Journal of Marketing 83, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919831672.
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Brand sponsorship connects brands with large, passionate audiences. The sponsorship literature emphasizes the importance of brand sponsor–team congruence; however, prior research has largely focused on the relevance of the brand to the sport or geographic area. This article offers the first real-world empirical investigation of the effects of visual congruence through color matching on sponsorship performance. A wide-scale study of 703 Major League Baseball fans’ evaluations of their team’s sponsors, merged with real stadium signage data, offers evidence of the benefits of visual congruence. Two experiments in the contexts of product packaging and online advertising provide converging evidence of the positive effects of created visual congruence on attitudes toward the sponsorship, brand attitudes, and intentions. Brands without an inherent match to a team can enjoy enhanced sponsorship benefits with little additional costs simply by adopting the team’s colors in visual displays. However, the viewer’s motivation (fan status), opportunity (fan exposure), and ability (lack of color blindness) to process visual congruence moderates its effectiveness. By using the proposed framework, managers can maximize the value of their sponsorship rights.
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Drace, Sasa, and Olivier Desrichard. "Mood congruence effect in autobiographical recall: Is mood a mediator?" Psihologija 46, no. 3 (2013): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi130525001d.
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In the present study we test the hypothesis that the effect of mood congruence in autobiographical recall is underlain by mood. Thirty-eight female participants were subjected to positive, negative and neutral mood inductions, and then asked to recall three personal memories. Participants? mood was assessed using self-report questionnaires and by electromyograph (EMG) measurements of corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscle activity. We replicated the congruence effect between the mood inductions and the valence of the participants? recalled memories. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by mood, as measured by EMG and self-report questionnaires. The results suggest that mood influences the mood congruence effect in a way that cannot be explained by semantic priming alone.
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Xin, Xiao Long, Xiu Juan Hua, and Xi Zhu. "Roughness in Lattice Ordered Effect Algebras." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/542846.
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Many authors have studied roughness on various algebraic systems. In this paper, we consider a lattice ordered effect algebra and discuss its roughness in this context. Moreover, we introduce the notions of the interior and the closure of a subset and give some of their properties in effect algebras. Finally, we use a Riesz ideal induced congruence and define a functione(a,b)in a lattice ordered effect algebraEand build a relationship between it and congruence classes. Then we study some properties about approximation of lattice ordered effect algebras.
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Hirschhorn, Daniel B. "Why is the SsA Triangle-Congruence Theorem not Included in Textbooks?" Mathematics Teacher 83, no. 5 (May 1990): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.83.5.0358.
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An SSA congruence theorem does exist. The theorem has been the subject of two articles in the Mathematics Teacher since 1981 (Litwiller and Duncan [1981] and Yeshurun and Kay [1983]). These articles, it appears, have had no effect on geometry textbooks. Although current textbooks correctly point out that SSA in its most general form is not enough to prove triangles congruent (Hirsch et al. 1987; Jurgensen, Brown, and Jurgensen 1988; Nichols et al. 1986; Travers et al. 1987; Sobel et al., 1986), the SSA theorem discussed in these articles can be used to prove triangles congruent.
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Arie, Zuky, Matin Fuadi Febrian, and Netania Emilisa. "The Effect of Work Life Balance, Follower-Leader Goal Congruence on Intention to Stay which is Mediated by Organizational Commitment of e-Commerce Employees." Management Journal of Binaniaga 9, no. 01 (June 30, 2024): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/mjb.v9i01.64.
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This research is intended to identify the effect of Work Life Balance, Follower-Leader Goal Congruence, and Organizational Commitment on Intention To Stay at PT Tokopedia and Bukapalak. This research is descriptive quantitative research through the distribution of a questionnaire. The method implemented is hypothesis testing. Hypothesis testing utilizes simple regression analysis with SPSS 27.0 software. The data collected in this research were employees of PT Bukalapak and Tokopedia. Sample data was collected from 110 PT employee participants. Bukalapak and Tokopedia. The independent variables of this research include Work Life Balance, Follower-Leader Goal Congruence, and Organizational Commitment. The dependent variable is Intention To Stay. The results of the analysis identified that there was no positive effect of Work Life Balance on Intention To Stay, there was a positive effect of Follower-Leader Goal Congruence on Intention To Stay, a positive effect of Organizational Commitment on Intention To Stay, a positive effect of Work Life Balance on Organizational Commitment, a positive effect of Follower- Leader Goal Congruence on Organizational Commitment, the positive effect of Organizational Commitment which mediates Work Life Balance on Intention To Stay, and the positive effect of Organizational Commitment which mediates Follower-Leader Goal Congruence on Intention To Stay.
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Aguiló-Lemoine, Àngela Elisa, Francisco Rejón-Guardia, and María Antonia García-Sastre. "Congruence Effects on the Effectiveness of Sponsorship of Sport Event Websites: An Experimental Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 8173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198173.
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Emerging online marketing strategies are an opportunity for the sport sponsorship industry as a way of complementing traditional methods. However, in-depth attention has not been given to the study of congruence effects on the effectiveness of sponsorship of sport event websites, and specifically to study the role and effects of sponsor logos. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the congruence effect of sponsor brands featured on the website of a sports event on sponsorship effectiveness in visual, attitude-related and behavioural terms, using an eye-tracker to monitor memory activation and changes in attitudes and intentions. In study 1, the role of congruence on website sponsorship was analysed, using real brands sponsoring the ninth edition of the “Mallorca 312” Cycletourist Tour (42 participants). In study 2, the congruence of fictitious brands was analysed on the effects of website sponsorship of the 37th edition of the MAPFRE (competitions brand name) Copa del Rey regatta (101 participants). Congruence is preferable to incongruence in sponsor brands, except when the sponsorship aims to boost a recall of new market brands. The results validate the importance of managing congruence levels in the online sponsorship of sports events due to the influence on sponsorship effectiveness and its impact on cognitive processing.