Academic literature on the topic 'Congruent melting'

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Journal articles on the topic "Congruent melting"

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Huang, Shuzhao, Chen Zhou, Shichao Cheng, and Feng Yu. "K5B19O31: A Deep‐Ultraviolet Congruent Melting Compound." ChemistrySelect 4, no. 35 (September 17, 2019): 10436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201902453.

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Greenwood, James P., and Paul C. Hess. "Congruent melting kinetics of albite: Theory and experiment." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B12 (December 10, 1998): 29815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jb02300.

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Hao, Wenyu, Yemao Han, Rongjin Huang, Kai Feng, Wenlong Yin, Jiyong Yao, and Yicheng Wu. "Ag1.75InSb5.75Se11: A new noncentrosymmetric compound with congruent-melting behavior." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 218 (October 2014): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.06.026.

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Yao, Jiyong, Dajiang Mei, Lei Bai, Zheshuai Lin, Wenlong Yin, Peizhen Fu, and Yicheng Wu. "BaGa4Se7: A New Congruent-Melting IR Nonlinear Optical Material." Inorganic Chemistry 49, no. 20 (October 18, 2010): 9212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic1006742.

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Kunieda, H., H. Ito, S. Takebayashi, and M. Kodama. "Azeotropic-like (congruent melting) phenomena of lamellar liquid crystals." Colloid & Polymer Science 271, no. 10 (October 1993): 952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00654855.

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Glew, David N. "Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions — Part XX: Formula of structure I methane hydrate, congruent dissociation melting point, and formula of the metastable hydrate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-156.

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Sixteen new measurements of high precision for structure I methane hydrate with water between 31.93 and 47.39 °C are shown to be metastable and exhibit higher methane pressures than found by earlier workers. Comparison of earlier measurements between 26.7 and 47.2 °C permit positive identification of the structure II and the structure I hydrates. Forty-nine equilibrium constants Kp(h1[Formula: see text]l1g) for dissociation of structure I methane hydrate into water and methane, 32 between –0.29 and 26.7 °C for the stable hydrate and 17 between 31.93 and 47.39 °C for the metastable hydrate, are best represented by a three-parameter thermodynamic equation, which indicates a standard error (SE) of 0.63% on a single Kp(h1[Formula: see text]l1g) determination. The congruent dissociation melting point C(h1l1gxm) of metastable structure I methane hydrate is at 47.41 °C with SE 0.02 °C and at pressure 505 MPa. The congruent equilibrium constant Kp(h1[Formula: see text]l1g) is 102.3 MPa with SE 0.2 MPa. ΔH°t(h1[Formula: see text]l1g) is 62 281 J mol–1 with SE 184 J mol–1, and the congruent formula is CH4·5.750H2O with SE 0.059H2O. At the congruent point, ΔV(h1[Formula: see text]l1g) is zero within experimental precision, and its estimate is 1.3 with SE 1.6 cm3 mol–1. The stability range of structure I methane hydrate with water extends from quadruple point Q(s1h1l1g) at –0.29 °C up to quadruple point Q(h1h2l1g) at 26.7 °C, and its metastability range with water extends from 26.7 °C up to the congruent dissociation melting point C(h1l1gxm) at 47.41 °C. Key words: methane hydrate, clathrate structure I, metastability range, dissociation equilibrium constant, formula, congruent melting point, metastability of structure I hydrate.
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White, Mary Anne, and Randall T. Perry. "Melting Behavior in Binary Compounds: Inclusion Compounds as Examples of Congruent vs Incongruent Melting." Chemistry of Materials 6, no. 5 (May 1994): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00041a008.

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Welland, M. J., W. T. Thompson, B. J. Lewis, and D. Manara. "Computer simulations of non-congruent melting of hyperstoichiometric uranium dioxide." Journal of Nuclear Materials 385, no. 2 (March 2009): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.023.

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Dong, Xiaoyu, Liang Cui, Yunjing Shi, Shilie Pan, Zhongxiang Zhou, Zhihua Yang, Bingbing Zhang, et al. "Ba2Cd(B3O6)2: A Congruent-Melting Compound with Isolated B3O6Units." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 639, no. 6 (April 26, 2013): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201300047.

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Rouland, J. C., S. Makki, J. L. Fournival, and R. Céolin. "Congruent melting of binary compounds with non-negligible vapour pressure." Journal of Thermal Analysis 45, no. 6 (December 1995): 1507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02547444.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Congruent melting"

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Gunasekara, Saman Nimali. "Phase Equilibrium-aided Design of Phase Change Materials from Blends : For Thermal Energy Storage." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212440.

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Climate change is no longer imminent but eminent. To combat climate change, effective, efficient and smart energy use is imperative. Thermal energy storage (TES) with phase change materials (PCMs) is one attractive choice to realize this. Besides suitable phase change temperatures and enthalpies, the PCMs should also be robust, non-toxic, environmental-friendly and cost-effective. Cost-effective PCMs can be realized in bulk blends. Blends however do not have robust phase change unless chosen articulately. This thesis links bulk blends and robust, cost-effective PCMs via the systematic design of blends as PCMs involving phase equilibrium evaluations. The key fundamental phase equilibrium knowledge vital to accurately select robust PCMs within blends is established here. A congruent melting composition is the most PCM-ideal among blends. Eutectics are nearly ideal if supercooling is absent. Any incongruent melting composition, including peritectics, are unsuitable as PCMs. A comprehensive state-of-the-art evaluation of the phase equilibrium-based PCM design exposed the underinvestigated categories: congruent melting compositions, metal alloys, polyols and fats. Here the methods and conditions essential for a comprehensive and transparent phase equilibrium assessment for designing PCMs in blends are specified. The phase diagrams of the systems erythritol-xylitol and dodecane-tridecane with PCM potential are comprehensively evaluated. The erythritol-xylitol system contains a eutectic in a partially isomorphous system unlike in a non-isomorphous system as previous literature proposed. The dodecane-tridecane system forms a probable congruent minimum-melting solid solution, but not a maximum-melting liquidus or a eutectic as was previously proposed. The sustainability aspects of a PCM-based TES system are also investigated. Erythritol becomes cost-effective if produced using glycerol from bio-diesel production. Olive oil is cost-effective and has potential PCM compositions for cold storage. A critical need exists in the standardization of methods and transparent results reporting of the phase equilibrium investigations in the PCM-context. This can be achieved e.g. through international TES collaboration platforms.
Energi är en integrerad del av samhället men energiprocesser leder till miljöbelastning, och klimatförändringar. Därför är effektiv energianvändning, ökad energieffektivitet och smart energihantering nödvändigt. Värmeenergilagring (TES) är ett attraktivt val för att bemöta detta behov, där ett lagringsalternativ med hög densitet är s.k. fasomvandlingsmaterial (PCM). Ett exempel på ett billigt, vanligt förekommande PCM är systemet vatten-is, vilket har använts av människor i tusentals år. För att tillgodose de många värme- och kylbehov som idag uppstår inom ett brett temperaturintervall, är det viktigt med innovativ design av PCM. Förutom lämplig fasförändringstemperaturer, entalpi och andra termofysikaliska egenskaper, bör PCM också ha robust fasändring, vara miljövänlig och kostnadseffektiv. För att förverkliga storskaliga TES system med PCM, är måste kostnadseffektivitet och robust funktion under många cykler bland de viktigaste utmaningarna. Kostnadseffektiva PCM kan bäst erhållas från naturliga eller industriella material i bulkskala, vilket i huvudsak leder till materialblandningar, snarare än rena ämnen. Blandningar uppvisar dock komplexa fasförändringsförlopp, underkylning och/eller inkongruent smältprocess som leder till fasseparation. Denna doktorsavhandling ger ny kunskap som möjliggör att bulkblandningar kan bli kostnadseffektiva och robusta PCM-material, med hjälp av den systematiskutvärdering av fasjämvikt och fasdiagram. Arbetet visar att detta kräver förståelse av relevanta grundläggande fasjämviktsteorier, omfattande termiska och fysikalisk-kemiska karakteriseringar, och allmänt tillämpliga teoretiska utvärderingar. Denna avhandling specificerar befintlig fasjämviktsteori för PCM-sammanhang, men sikte på att kunna välja robusta PCM blandningar med specifika egenskaper, beroende på tillämpning. Analysen visar att blandningar med en sammansättning som leder till kongruent smältande, där faser i jämvikt har samma sammansättning, är ideala bland PCM-blandningar. Kongruent smältande fasta faser som utgör föreningar eller fasta lösningar av ingående komponenter är därför ideala. Eutektiska blandningar är nästan lika bra som PCM, så länge underkylning inte förekommer. Därmed finns en stor potential för att finna och karakterisera PCM-ideala blandningar som bildar kongruent smältande föreningar eller fasta lösningar. Därigenom kan blandningar med en skarp, reversibel fasändring och utan fasseparation erhållas – egenskaper som liknar rena materialens fasändringsprocess. Vidare kan man, via fasdiagram, påvisa de blandningar som är inkongruent smältande, inklusive peritektiska blandningar, som är direkt olämpliga som PCM. Denna avhandling ger grundläggande kunskap som är en förutsättning för att designa PCM i blandningar. Genom en omfattande state-of-the-art utvärdering av fas-jämviktsbaserad PCM-design lyfter arbetet de PCM-idealiska blandningarna som hittills inte fått någon uppmärksamhet, såsom kongruenta smältande blandningar, och materialkategorierna metallegeringar, polyoler och fetter. Resultatet av arbetet visar dessutom att vissa PCM-material som ibland föreslås är direkt olämpliga då fasdiagram undersöks, bl a pga underkylning och även peritektiska system med fasseparation och degradering av kapaciteten (t ex Glauber-salt och natriumacetat-trihydrat). Denna avhandling specificerar och upprättar grundläggande teori samt tekniker, tillvägagångssätt och förhållanden som är nödvändiga för en omfattande och genomsynlig fasjämviktsbedömning, för utformning av PCM från blandningar för energilagering. Med detta som bas har följande fasdiagramtagits fram fullständigt: för erytritol-xylitol och för dodekan-tridekan, med PCM-potential för låg temperaturuppvärmning (60-120 °C) respektive frysning (-10 °C till -20 °C) utvärderas fullständigt. Erytritol-xylitol systemet har funnits vara eutektiskt i ett delvis isomorft system, snarare än ett icke-isomorft system vilket har föreslagits tidigare litteratur. Dodekan-tridekan systemet bildar ett system med kongruent smältande fast lösning (idealisk som en PCM) vid en minimumtemperatur, till skillnad från tidigare litteratur som föreslagt en maximumtemperatur, eller ett eutektiskt system. Teoretisk modellering av fasjämvikt har också genomförts för att komplettera det experimentella fasdiagrammet för systemet erytritol-xylitol. Efter granskning av de metoder som använts tidigare i PCM-litteraturen har här valts ett generiskt tillvägagångssätt (CALPHAD-metoden). Denna generiska metod kan bedöma vilken typ av material och fasändring som helst, till skillnad från en tidigare använda metoder som är specifika för materialtyper eller kemiska egenskaper. Denna teoretiska studie bekräftar termodynamiskt solvus, solidus, eutektisk punkt och erytritol-xylitol fasdiagrammet i sin helhet. Vad gäller hållbarhetsaspekter med PCM-baserad TES, lyfter denna avhandling fokus på förnybara och kostnadseffektiva material (t.ex. polyoler och fetter) som PCM. Som exempel har här undersökts erytritol och olivolja, med förnybart ursprung. Erytritol skulle kunna bli ett kostnadseffektivt PCM (163 USD/kWh), om det produceras av glycerol vilket är en biprodukt från biodiesel/bioetanolframställning. Olivolja är ännu ett kostnadseffektivt material (144 USD/kWh), och som här har påvisats innehålla potentiella PCM sammansättningar med lämpliga fasändringsegenskaper för kylatillämpningar. En övergripande slutsats från denna avhandling är att det finns ett behov av att standardisera tekniker, metoder och transparent resultatrapportering när det gäller undersökningar av fasjämvikt och fasdiagram i PCM-sammanhang. Internationella samarbetsplattformar för TES är en väg att koordinera arbetet.

QC 20170830

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Book chapters on the topic "Congruent melting"

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Buttrey, D. J., R. R. Schartman, J. M. Honig, Bruce F. Collier, and J. E. Greedan. "Congruent Growth of Single-Crystal La2NiO4and Other Layered Nickelates by Radiofrequency Skull Melting." In Inorganic Syntheses, 133–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132616.ch28.

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Fedorov, P. P. "Compositions of Congruently Melting Three-Component Solid Solutions Determined by Finding Acnodes on Ternary-System Fusion Surfaces." In Growth of Crystals, 103–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1141-6_10.

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"congruent melting." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 277. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_34153.

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"congruent melting point." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 277. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_34154.

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Haq, Farooq, and Anita Medhekar. "Strategic Indicators of the Role of Government in Developing Dubai as a Medical Tourism Hub." In Global Developments in Healthcare and Medical Tourism, 52–77. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9787-2.ch004.

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Medical tourism is a growing phenomenon in the Middle East. Dubai is strategically located to competitively attract patients from Islamic backgrounds given the cultural congruence with the Middle Eastern countries for medical tourism. Dubai is famous for its shopping, sightseeing, desert safaris, state-of-the art tourism facilities, and as a melting pot for Eastern and Western civilizations. The government of United Arab Emirates is playing a key role to support the development of Dubai as a medical tourism hub of the Middle East and diversify the oil-based economy in an innovative way. It is developing various niche tourism products and services embedded in the non-oil sectors of the economy by applying the five strategic indicators required to study the role of governments in planning and supporting sustainable tourism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Congruent melting"

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Zhang, Guoquan, Guangyin Zhang, Simin Liu, Jingjun Xu, and Qian Sun. "Defect chemistry analysis and congruent melting compositions of LiNbO 3 :Mg crystals." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Francis T. S. Yu and Shizhuo Yin. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.326871.

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Fratello, V. J., C. D. Brandle, and A. J. Valentino. "Growth of congruently melting gadolinium scandium gallium garnet." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1986.fa5.

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Usov, Eduard, Nikolay Pribaturin, Vladimir Chukhno, Ilya Klimonov, Anton Butov, Ivan Kudashov, Albert Gafiyatullin, and Pavel Lobanov. "Development of Approaches to Simulate Fuel Rod Destruction With Different Fuel Type." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16326.

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Abstract Due to the revival of interest to the development of fast reactors cooled by liquid metals, the problem of carrying out theoretical research in support of their safety is actual. A detailed calculation of all stages of the accident from the beginning to the end requires knowledge of the laws for modeling physical processes occurring in the reactor in an emergency. The most serious are accidents with the destruction of the core. Simulation of severe accident in nuclear reactor is the key element in safety analysis of nuclear power plants. Destruction of fuel rods is one of the most important processes that should be calculated during core degradation. For different type of fuels the mechanism of the degradation are different too. For example, oxide and metallic fuels usually melt congruently at high temperature, but nitride fuel dissociates. The main objective of the proposed research is developing of models and numerical algorithms for calculation fuel rods destruction with oxide, metallic and nitride fuels. The models of the destruction processes and some calculation results are presented in the paper. The processes are investigated for the first phase of severe accidents covering the period from the onset of fuel-rod melting to the melt escape from the core center.
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Streibl, T., K. D. Landes, and G. Forster. "PSI: New Diagnostics for the Determination of Particle Size and Shape in Thermal Spray Processes." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0067.

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Abstract In the thermal spraying process the quality of the produced coating is determined by the state of the particles before they impact on the substrate[l]. For the spray particle diagnostics a new method is offered by the development of the Particle-Shape-Imaging (PSI) technique. This method is intended for the analysis of size and shape of individual particles within the plasma jet. The method is based on telemicroscopic imaging of the particle shades. Similar to the Laser-Doppler-Anemometry a cw laser beam is split into two beams of equal intensity, which are superimposed in the focal plane of a Long-Distance-Microscope. The detection system consists of a CCD camera with a Micro-Channel-Plate intensifier allowing exposure times of few nanoseconds. When a particle passes the measuring volume exactly in the focal plane, the two laser beams generate individual shades, which congruently superimpose on the CCD Chip in the image plane of the telemicroscope. If a particle passes the measuring volume not exactly in the focal plane, the two generated shades are separated in the image plane. By this effect the position of the particle relatively to the focal plane can be measured. From the area and the contours of the shades, particles can be classified regarding size and form. Corresponding distributions of the particles within the plasma jet as well as changes of the particle form in the melting process can be determined.
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Mukunoki, Atsushi, Tamotsu Chiba, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Kenji Yamaguchi, Tomofumi Sakuragi, and Tokuro Nanba. "Further Development of Iodine Immobilization Technique by Low Temperature Vitrification With BiPbO2I." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16268.

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The authors describe progress in the development of low temperature vitrification with BiPbO2I (BPI) as a promising immobilization technique by which Iodine-129 is recovered by BiPbO2NO3 to form BPI, and then solidified into a lead-boron-zinc glass matrix (PbO-B2O3-ZnO) using a low temperature vitrification process. The microscopic structure of BPI glass was analyzed by various analytical techniques, such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance analysis), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), using several types of glass samples. The results obtained provide structural information on key elements in BPI glass and can be applied for modeling the structure of the BPI glass, simulated by molecular dynamics. The previous work suggested that the leaching behavior of iodine from BPI glass depended upon the chemical conditions of the solution. Further leaching tests using solutions under varying conditions were carried out in order to predict mechanisms of iodine leaching. Normalized elemental mass loss values of iodine in simulated seawater and bentonite pore water are almost the same as those of boron, showing that iodine dissolves congruently with BPI glass, whereas iodine dissolves incongruently in Ca(OH)2 solutions of pH 9 and 11. To demonstrate the feasibility of the BPI vitrification process, recovery tests of iodine from spent iodine filters were conducted and a prototype melting furnace was developed for scale-up tests of glass sample. It was found that more than 95% of iodine can be recovered from the spent iodine filter and that the prototype furnace can produce approximately 0.5 liters of homogeneous glass.
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