Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conjonctions (linguistique)'
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LAVAUD, MARIE-PIERRE. "Pragmatique, logique naturelle et argumentation : le connecteur or et ses équivalents en espagnol." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL002.
Full textThis study deals with the French connecting word "or" and its Spanish equivalents (pero, ahora bien, puies bien, sin embargo, no obstante, y eso que, es asi que), in a perspective which combines pragmatical and logical aspects of the question, and which aims at conciliating "new linguistics" and tradition (data from dictionaries and grammar books). As far as pragmatics is concerned our leading methodology is drawn from o. Ducrot's works and the conversational theories as defined by the Geneva school. This study also relies on the mathematician and logician J-B Grize's works, in order to compare formal (mathematical) logic and a certain natural logic which is present in speech. This study consists in three parts: first an introduction to the theoretical apparatus, and then the study of the French connecting word "or". The study of its Spanish equivalents constitutes the third part, and as a conclusion a balance is proposed. Is it possible to give a single description of the French connecting word "or"? Which are the equivalents for it in the Spanish language? How far does the equivalence relationship go? In other words, does the Spanish language follow the same steps in thinking process as the French on does? All these are the questions the present study tries to answer
Ingouacka, Guy Cyr Rufin. "Conjonction et cohésion discursive en anglais : étude psychosystématique." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040032.
Full textThe work deals with discursive cohesion by leans of conjunctives in English, that is coordinative and subordinative conjunctions, linking adverbs and prepositions. We term that type of cohesion connexion, a transpredicative connexion because it is expressed by transpredicative words. Only coordinative and subordinative conjunctions have been examined properly. The formers can be defined as words bearing potentially in tongue a double phoric movement. In speech, it simultaneously refers to two elements placed before and after it. The latters are for the most part "nominalisateurs". They also link two linguistic elements that is the nominalized and the non nominalized, expressing then the nature of their link. The way conjunctives are used in a text, a speech etc. . . Can characterized a writer
Verjans, Thomas. "Essai de systématique diachronique : genèse des conjonctions dans l'histoire du français (IXe – XVIIe siècles)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040074.
Full textThis work deals with the modalities of a diachronical systematics illustrated by the history of conjunctive subordinators in French. First, we contrast psychomecanics of language and coserian linguistics with contemporary studies in linguistic change. Then, we formulate a hypothesis which allows us to grasp the evolution of conjunctions in systematic way, and we illustrate this with the example of avant que and the participial conjunctions. With this hypothesis we can take into account not only the marginal instances of this category, but also the processes of continuity and obsolescence which have governed there history
Camus, Rémi. "Contribution à l'étude du mot du discours da en russe contemporain : de l'assentiment au souhait." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070004.
Full textThis thesis is a first attempt at a unified description of the marker "da" in contemporary russian. The theoretical frame is a. Culioli's theory of enunciative and predicative operations. "Da" is a particle of assent ("yes"), a conjunction of coordination - copulative or adversative ("and" "but") -, inter intra-utterances connector, an optative particle. These phenomena are traditionally associated with the notion of polysemy. We begin by pointing out that the three phonetic realizations of "da" do not alter its morpho(pho)nological identity. Three patterns can be isolated according to the presence vs. Absence of a term x before "da" and of another terms x' after it. Different cases of salience of each term of the couple allow us to distinguish six main values with respect to distributional criteria. The nature of further sub-classes is determined by prosodic, taxical and lexical factors. Each one of the classes of utterances is organized around three points of view with reference to the attractor of the notional domain of x. We claim that the unicity of "da" is based on the disqualification of x' from the point of view of the enunciative origin
Dalimier, Catherine, and Apollonius Dyscole. "Apollonios Dyscolos,Traité des conjonctions, texte établi et traduit, avec introduction, commentaire et indices." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040252.
Full textThis is the first translation into a modern language of the famous Treatise on conjunctions, written in Greek by the Alexandrian grammarian Apollonios Dyscolos (2nd c. A. D. ). The text was first established by I. Bekker (1816) and R. Schneider (1878); it has been revised and completed after careful reading of the only remaining manuscript (parisinus graecus 2548). The explicative system of Apollonios appears ambitious and coherent: he reshapes the Alexandrian method and introduces units of analysis larger than the stoic molecular proposition, thus demonstrating the semantic and syntactic properties of most Greek conjunctions and particles, whose semantism had been neglected before
Mouret, François. "Grammaire des constructions coordonnées : coordinations simples et coordinations à redoublement en français contemporain." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271571.
Full textRouquier, Magali. "Le ce que - phrases en ancien français." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070008.
Full textXatard, Véronique. "Catégories grammaticales et distribution : les limites entre préposition, conjonction, adverbe." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10064.
Full textThis study is based on a distributional classification of those elements commonly known as prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs and uses an analytical model called the pronominal approach (1). This approach hypothesizes a general syntactic construction. Distributionnal analysis demonstrates a need of distinguish between an "external systax" and an "internal syntax" of those elements called particles. The external syntax shows great similarity to the analysis of "verbs constructions" as defined in the pronomical approach. Working with the internal syntax, certain properties rarely studied become apparent. One is rather particulary status for coordination, another is the existence of a paradigm of specific quantifiers that are characteristic of certain syntagms and finally a relationship of "reformulations" between the different constructions. This study steds new light on the set ideas about the use of prepositions-adverbs in spoken french, and supports the idea that the meaning of a term is clarified by the construction in which it is used. An exemple of this mechanism would be the particles that "express" spatio - temporal relationships. This study shows that it is the types of functionning of the particles that can be opposed, form a pair or a group rather than the particles themselves. The data is drawn from a corpus os spoken french which was compiled in aix, as well as from dictionary entry quotations, literary and journalistic texts
Fath, Nour-Eddine. "Vers une homogénéisation en termes de données, justification et prétention, des propriétés argumentativo-illocutoires assciées au connecteur donc." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1021.
Full textCondamines, Anne. "Subordination temporelle en français : analyse pour une représentation de l'itérativité dans une perspective de traitement informatisé du discours." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20011.
Full textIn a temporal subordinate clause sentence, the key element is the subordinating conjunction; its meaning acts upon all the other elements of the sentence. This conjunction may be built from a verb, an adverb, a preposition or a noun. Many noun-based connectives can be construed as temporal adverbials followed by a temporal pronoun. In the kind of connectives, plural determination affects the nature and the number of temporal intervals and their mutual relations. In a simple sentence, the plural interpretation of the process may be induced by the predicate, the tense, a plural subject or object, or a temporal adverbial. Considering the tense and the nature of adverbials, kleiber classifies repetitive clauses into iterative, frequentative and habitual. In a complex sentence, the temporal relation between the clauses, as well as the clauses themselves, may be singular, iterative frequentative or habitual. An habitual relation is the result of a tense combination including at least one imparfait or one present. Connectives may stop or favour the habitual interpretation. A frequentative relation may come from a connective which derives from an adverbial that brings about frequence. It may also come from the adverbial presence. Nevertheless, the interpretation remains sometimes ambigous: the clause or the relation may be frequentative. An algorithm is proposed: it gives the temporal relation nature considering connective, predicates and tense combination
Jacob-Geers, Nathalie. "Analyse logique, linguistique et pragmatique du travail déductif de traitement inférentiel de la conjonction, de la disjonction et de l'implication dans un énoncé en français en comparaison avec sa traduction simultanée en allemand." Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIML004.
Full textThis study is about the analysis of the deductive process that takes place by a listener when he listens to an utterance. The analysis explains the possibility that the conjuntions "and", "or" and "when" can generate a deductive process, based on logical rules of inference, when they are comparable with the equivalent logical connectives. The study of the functioning of the deductive process based on the propositional logic will be completed by the comparison between a corpus of natural language in french and its simultaneous translation in german. Some conjunctions, disjunctions and implications from the corpus are interesting because they bring new elements to the analysis of the interpretative process of an utterance. These examples take logical rules of inference and deductive equivalences into consideration, so that they show which may be the inferences of a listener by listening an utterance
Badiou-Monferran, Claire. "La liaison du discontinu ou les conjonctions de coordination dans Les Caractères de La Bruyère : étude linguistique, stylistique et littéraire." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040274.
Full textOur thesis deals with the function of conjunctions of coordination in La Bruyère's poetics. Our literary analyses (II) have been preceded by a linguistic study (I) explaining the functioning of conjunctions of coordination "in the language" (as opposed to "in the discourse"). In this first part, the history of conjunctions, as grammatical category, was briefly described, from the graeco-latin sphere to the nineteenth century, where coordinating words were distinguished from subordinating words. Then, the state of the problem in contemporary linguistics was set up; it appeared that no existing approach was explaining satisfactorily the relationship between conjunctions of coordination themselves (chapter I). Attempts were made to remedy to this situation by building up a system based upon the linguistic theory of enunciation. This was derived from contributions of G. Guillaume's linguistic theory, as well as O. Ducrot's theory about argumentation "in the language" (chapter II). In the second part of the thesis, this theoretical construction was applied to the literary analysis of les Caractères. Using this approach, we considered successively the relationships between grammar and rhetorics (I), grammar and ethics (II), grammar and religion (III). These three contributions have shown that beyond the "shattered style" (formal image of the diversity of the actual world). La Bruyère's eloquence, inclined towards polyphony as well as arrangement of connecting elements on a scale of meanings, and "figurative" lay-out (in the Christian sense of "prophecy in act")
Gallego, Julie. "Les subordonnées conjonctives de conséquence dans la prose historique latine." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20008.
Full textSpevak, Olga. "La concession en latin tardif." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040054.
Full textFleck, Frédérique. "Le latin quīn : syntaxe, sémantique et pragmatique : place dans le système des interrogatifs, connecteurs et subordonnants." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040149.
Full textThe Latin quīn is studied here from a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic point of view, in its various functions : as an interro-negative adverb of cause, as an enunciative particle, as an additive connector and copulative coordinating conjunction, and as a negative or positive subordinating conjunction introducing completive, consecutive, causal, comparative and pseudo-relative clauses. Particular attention is paid to the cases where a negation appears at the same time as an interrogation or a subordination, and to the diachronic evolution of quīn. The analysis is based on a corpus including most of the occurrences of quīn (circa 3000) in the works of the Latin writers from the third century B. C. To the fourth century A. D. The use of quīn is compared with the use of other lexems which have a similar meaning and function, such as quidnī, cūr nōn, quārē nōn, quōmŏdŏ nōn, immō, ăt, sĕd, uērum, ĕt, atquĕ, -quĕ, quōmĭnus, nē, ŭt nōn, quī
Kim, Hye-Rim. "Étude du fonctionnement du marqueur "parce que"." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1004.
Full textTorterat, Frédéric. "Approche des invariants de quelques joncteurs en français : pour une complémentarité notionnelle des termes de coordination et de jonction." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040058.
Full textMany linguists deplore the theoretical deficiency of the notion of coordination, whereas the common use of the term of junction, on the other hand, appears fortunately favourable, and yet in spite of any justification. .
Dhiabi, Tijani. "Polysémie et polyfonctionnalité du mot "si" : propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques en français préclassique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2001/document.
Full textThis thesis is a part of researches that deals with linguistic change has two main objectives. Firstly, to elaborate a full description of all the usages of the French word “si” (if) in pre-classical French. Secondly, to indicate the forms its uses in the pre-classical era, which is no longer used where they give way to other forms and other usages in French modern language. The first part deals with the history of the term “si” (if), dating from the pre-classic era to our contemporary age, however the second and the third examines the adverbial and conjunctional uses of this word as it appears in the pre-classical language. This study, which relies on examples taken from old literary works written during the beginning, the middle and the end of this era from 1550 to 1650, is on line with the theorists of Discourse analysis approaches whose postulates make it possible to account for the different types of syntactic, semantic, enunciative and pragmatic analysis. Then, the pre-classic “si” (if), if he shares common properties with its modern usage, there it is worth noting that no use of the pre-classical language corresponds perfectly to its current language. Furthermore, the modern “si” (if) is closer in its usage to modern than the medieval one. Despite this divergence, the pre-classical uses of the word “si” (if) tend to deviate from its uses of the medieval period and move progressively towards the system of the language of today
Sanei-Kashani, Nasrin. "Autour des relations conjonctives interphrastiques dans les productions écrites en français langue seconde d’apprenants universitaires : essai d’analyse textuelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC024.
Full textThe analysis of conjunction in written compositions of learners has never been very successful in linguistic research, particularly in the context of French as (mother tongue, second or foreign language). This relative lack of interest of scholarly literature regarding conjunction in written compositions, related to the learning process of languages is probably one of the reasons we chose the present study, especially because we can highlight throughout this topic the fact that analyzing the way allophone students write in French as second language, most of them are English speakers (a comparison made between two levels of linguistic competence, I.E. level 2 and level 4) may offer the opportunity to look more closely into the conjunctive means ( in terms of number, variety and use). Such an approach appeared very interesting to us, thanks to the numerous insights it generally provides into the conjunction problem and its other morpho-syntaxic and semantic substitutes. It is true that such a work, even so designed, could not be conducted without a first detour into the most well known works in French. As for the analysis grid we endeavoured to construct, it consists of four parts, each part is supposed to conduct a case-by-case analysis. But it is likely to achieve in general varied satisfactory results. These results, some of which seem to corroborate other works’ results focusing on the conjunction analysis in texts written in languages other than French, should also allow us, we believe,to be able to discern significant differences between the levels of observation regarding the number of conjunctive elements, both in their variety and in their various uses
Bezzina, Anne-Maria. "La variation stylistique en maltais : étude des usages concrets de la langue appuyée sur une approche contrastive des phénomènes variationnels en maltais et en français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100221.
Full textIntraspeaker variation takes place according to relevant situational conditions of language use, such as the spoken/written order, the framework and degree of formality of the situation, topic, tone, participants’ aims and identity issues, and context, which is co-constructed and reconstructed throughout the interaction. A distinction is made between institutional or protocol formality, practised by public speech professionals in serious, public, sometimes mediatic situations, and individual speakers’ formality, practised by all, normally within transactional frameworks. The type of bilingualism which characterises the Maltese language situation is described as relatively diglossic, from a social rather than an institutional point of view. This characterisation is based on the functional distribution of Maltese and English, and on the prestige associated with English, considered by the community and the private sector as the H variety, whilst Maltese is the H variety chosen by government institutions for protocol situations.A questionnaire delves into language use and attitudes on a societal level. Ambivalent attitudes emerge regarding regional dialects, as well as veneration of Semitic Maltese, and conflicting attitudes regarding the use of English. These results allow a better understanding of the sociolinguistic value of data obtained from a Maltese corpus. The spoken corpus is obtained thanks to eight key speakers (among which three public speech professionals), recorded in a variety of situations ranging from the formal to the informal. The written corpus is divided into informal (emails, chat) and formal (articles, literary prose, administration texts) sections.The corpus shows that variation takes place in Malta through register shifts and code-switching, thus covering variation patterns associated with both monolingual and bilingual situations. A study of adverb and conjunction distribution in Maltese confirms their susceptibility to formality, channel and genre. Clause junction and dislocation also vary according to style. Code-switching appears motivated by a will to teach children English and, for adults, by the prestige and the connotations of education associated with this language. The language situation in France is known for the significant difference between standard and non-standard forms; its causes are mentioned. In the Maltese context, variation inherent to Maltese and the possibility to resort to code-switching also provide a wide margin of variation possibilities. The standardisation process in the two situations diverges on several levels; language attitudes converge through an idea of language purity. Language areas susceptible to variation are analyzed, and it is proposed that variation is mostly tolerated in Maltese at the syntactic level. Stylistic variation dominates the non-diglossic French context; a hypothesis is proposed that social variation dominates the Maltese context
Lin, Ting-Shiu. "Coordinations de prédicats en mandarin contemporain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC052/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we study the syntactic and semantic features of several coordinators of predicates in contemporary Mandarin and analyze the syntactic structures of the coordinate constructions formed by these coordinators. We investigate not only simple but also correlative coordinations. We notice that, on the one hand, the Mandarin simple coordination has most likely a head-specifier-complement structure, as Zhang Ning (2010) has proposed: the coordinator is the head, the external conjunct is the specifier and the internal conjunct is the complement. On the other hand, in contrast to Zhang Ning’s (2008) claim, we discover that the correlative coordinations of Mandarin and those of Germanic languages do not have the same syntactic configurations: the former are composed of one silent conjunction and at least two focus-sensitive particles while the latter, as previous research has noted, are made up of one overt conjunction and one focus-sensitive particle. In addition, we find out that the Mandarin coordinators of predicates differ from one another in at least one of the following respects: the syntactic categories of the elements that they can coordinate, the semantic relationships that they may build between their conjuncts and the possession of a [V] feature or a [-V] feature. Last but not least, we notice that the predicates coordinated by some coordinators must, in most of the cases, have identical aspectual features. We argue that this tendency is related to the type of semantic relationship that these coordinators build between their conjuncts
Bonthoux-Philippe, Brigitte. "Is THAT all right ? : le rôle de la conjonction de subordination THAT dans les énoncés de structure de discours indirect classique en anglais américain contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0416.
Full textThis thesis tackles the question of the role played by THAT in the so-called Indirect Speech utterances. After exploring the information previously available in the first chapter, which shows that some contexts make the presence of the conjunction compulsory, the second and third chapters, organized around the non-neutral reporting verbs on one side and the commonest reporting verb say on the other, focus on its usage in American English through the use of the web-based Corpus of Contemporary American English. This leads to the exploration of the intentionality of the speaker using the pattern mentioned above. More specifically, this study tests the idea that the intentionality might impact the presence of THAT, and inversely, that its absence or presence can help recognize the intentionality of the speaker and thus can hint at differentiated occurrences having the same structure but not the same meaning. In turn, this implies that some items answer the definition of indirect speech when others fall outside its scope. In the former cases, its absence brings nuances (questioning the contents of the subordinate or showing it as false). In the latter cases, the substance of the seeming subordinate seems more important than the introducing clause which is therefore used to assert strongly, to introduce facts, or to present information without committing
Couasnon, Graziella. "« Cul et chemise », « Modes et travaux », « Émilie et Nathan » : étude des principes gouvernant la coordination par «et» de deux mots en français." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30022/document.
Full textThe concerns of this work are : first, to bring out the factors controlling two-word coordinating in French (nouns, adjectivies, tensed verbs and adverbs), second, to demonstrate the existence of active principles in choosing a preferential order to coordinate two nouns with “et”, third, to propose a study of coordinated words permutation, from a mainly phonological point of view. It seems indeed that, in examples such as “Cul et chemise”, “Mode et travaux” or “Emilie et Nathan”, the order displayed is the preferred one in French, either considering native speakers’ intuitive judgement or confirming it by a statistics survey. Speakers often spontaneously prefer an order, judged more natural, over the other in such structures. With this observation in mind, we asked ourselves a question: what are the factors that affect the order of those components in French. Many studies have taken an interest in that issue for other languages and in particular for English (Cooper and Ross (1975), Pinker and Birdong (1979), Wright, Hay and Bent (2002, 2005)). All of them tend to prove that several phonological and extra-phonological factors play an important part in the process of coordinating two words. There is however no study yet, as far as we know, about the phonological factors active in coordinating two words with “et” in French. We’ve this shortcoming. Aiming to that, with an empirical and experimental approach, we gathered statistically valid data, from which we drew general principles. Then, we made a phonological analysis in a constraint interaction framework inspired by Plénat [1996,1997], for which we looked at the “et”-coordinated two-word order preferred choice as the result of a conflict between principles or constraints
Gruntman, Carleen. "TOWARDS THE MEANING OF FOR: A CORPUS ANALYSIS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28155/28155.pdf.
Full textLafontaine, Fanny. "Description syntaxique des usages de la forme alors que en français contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3103.
Full textA number of recent studies dealing about the syntactic properties of French subordinating conjunctions such as que (which, who, that) (Deulofeu, 1999a), quand (when) (Benzitoun, 2006a), si (if) (Corminboeuf, 2009) or parce que, quoique, puisque and bien que (because, since, although) (Debaisieux, 2006) have brought an increased awareness of the various grammatical behaviors of such forms, which definitely cannot be reduced to a simple relation of syntactic dependency. Using this approach, the present dissertation will attempt to offer a precise account of the conjunction alors que (whereas) as it is used in spoken and written contemporary French. It will be demonstrated that the constructions introduced by alors que can be classified into five main syntactic types, only one of them presenting a truly “subordinating” effect. In addition to analyzing their specific syntactic structure, our different types will be described according to their particular semantic value
Gagnon, Odette. "Quelques connecteurs causals (car - parce que - puisque; comme -étant donne que - sous prétexte que) : dans un corpus québécois de textes écrits : description sémantico-pragmatique /." Thèse, Québec : Université Laval, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textCe mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Université Laval extensionné à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 152-156. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Lourson-Marque, Pascale. "Les propositions subordonnées conjonctives circonstancielles dans la Tétralogie de Blaise Cendrars." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040156.
Full textThe purpose of this researchis to study the circumstantial conjunctive subordinate clauses in contemporary French in Blaise Cendrars' set, the Tétralogie. The mecanism of subordination in these subordinate clauses is analysed through the various accounts composing this work, starting from the very specific sentence of Cendrars. The study focuses on the numerous subordinating conjunctions which introduce those clauses, on the structure of the sentences they belong to, but also on their order in relation to the main clause according to nuances they express and the mode of their verb. This work is composed of seven chapters corresponding to the seven circumstancial conjunctive subordinate clauses, traditionally recognized as temporal, concessive, hypothetical, causal, consecutive, final and of their order in Cendrars's style. Then we work on determining their us and function in the Cendrars' Tétralogie from their frequency in these books. Lastly, their importance on Cendrars' writing is analysed to determine their impact on the way his sentences are developed
Gourlet, François. ""Quand P" comme adverbial de localisation temporelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040110.
Full textIn this work, we adress the following question: how does "quand" change the interpretation that may be made of a sequence of clauses P. Q or Q. P when it prefixes P? After highlighting the problems that this matter raises in several pioneering studies in temporal semantics, we provide arguments to defend the theory E accepted by several authors E that quand P is a temporal locating adverbial. We show that the discourse properties of P, which is often treated in the literature as a presupposed proposition, is explained by the following single constraint: "quand" demands to treat this clause as the description of a time mark to be used in the interpretation of Q. We further show that the theory that "quand P" designates a time mark accounts for the constraints on the temporal relations that can be established between eP and eQ, the events of both clauses. In particular, we argue that the inference that eQ immediately follows eP reflects one of the relations that can be established between the referent of a temporal locating adverbial and the event it locates: the referent of the adverbial provides an initial bound to the interval of occurrence of the event. Finally, we study how the event description and the tense of P contribute to the semantics of the adverbial "quand P". We specify the quantificational and temporal properties imparted to the referent of quand P by the different tenses of French and explain these properties by co-occurrence constraints that impact the use of tenses in P and Q
Xu, Shiwen. "Subordonnées complétives objets : une analyse contrastive du français et du chinois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PA030004.
Full textObject complement subordinate clauses (SCO) play a crucial role in the construction of complex sentences in both French and Chinese. In French, these clauses are easily identifiable due to explicit conjunctions and a clear distinction between verbal moods. In contrast, recognizing SCOs in Chinese proves more challenging, given the lack of visible morphosyntactic markers. This comparative study explores the methods for delineating SCOs in both languages, using specific criteria and tests to identify these clauses, particularly in Chinese, where syntactic boundaries are less clear. We conducted an exhaustive analysis of sentences containing SCOs from four literary works, enabling a comprehensive statistical and comparative examination. The synchronic analysis reveals both similarities in the syntactic functions of SCOs in French and Chinese, as well as significant formal differences. Furthermore, a diachronic approach highlights the evolution of SCO usage over time in both languages. This research offers new insights into the mechanisms of subordination and the structural differences between French and Chinese
Pinson, Mathilde. "Norme et variation en anglais contemporain. Etude variationniste de quelques subordonnants : complémentation de " help " et " like " conjonction." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909397.
Full textSmith, Caitlin Vanessa. "The distributivity of coordinated constituents under negative scope." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25763/25763.pdf.
Full textMohamed, Abdelhamid Elgayly. "L'origine des difficultés liées à l'usage des connecteurs argumentatifs «mais, et, pourtant, d'ailleurs, par ailleurs et d'autre part», par les apprenants soudanais universitaires de FLE : le cas d'étude, les apprenants de quatrième année à l'Université du Soudan de Sciences et de Technologie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC007.
Full textThis current study attempts to identify the difficulties related to the usage of certain argumentative markers: mais, et, d’ailleurs, par ailleurs, pourtant and d’autre part”, by the Sudanese students of French as a foreign language. It examines more precisely the problem regarding the usage of argumentative connectors by these students when producing anargumentative text. Data were collected through writing production of the 4th year students at the French language department, college of languages – Sudan university of Sciences and Technology. Analyzing their written production aimed to know the origin of these difficulties so as to provide remedy to them. The study results showed that learners have serious problems when using connectors in their production. This is noticeable not only at the complex sentence level but at the text as well, affecting its coherence and cohesion. Inorder to solve this problem, the researcher proposed for each connecter a number of didactic sequences susceptible to enable the students to master their usage. This thesis presents results regarding the application of the sequences on the students. It also demonstrates that these proposed sequences constitute an effective solution for the acquisition of this essential dimension of the argumentative writing technique
Ciry, Guillaume. "Analyse multidimensionnelle des marqueurs discursifs commençant par "si"." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0028.
Full textFrom a resolutely classificatory perspective, this thesis proposes a multidimensional analysis of the subclass of French discourse markers which have the particularity of starting with “si” : si je veux, si tu veux / si vous voulez, si on veut, si tu permets, si tu me permets, si vous permettez, si vous me permettez, si je puis / peux dire, si on peut dire, si j’ose dire and si on ose dire. The multidimensional aspect of the study is due to the fact that these markers are polyfunctional: the same unit, in fact, can, for example, sometimes fulfill the function of softener, sometimes that of hardener. The study we propose is structurally multidimensional in that it articulates an approach that is both diachronic and synchronic. In diachrony, we first show the periods in which the markers appeared and then propose a detailed positional and combinatorial analysis. In this same diachronic perspective, we also deal with the question of the selection of the French verb dire for the markers being formed with this archiverb, the syntactic pattern at the origin of the studied units effectively evolving from the Si + Person + Verb scheme to the Si + Person + Verb + (Dire) scheme. To do this, we used the new functionalities of the Frantext 2 database and, within the framework of this exploitation, we set up a methodology that we describe and whose results we present. In synchrony, and on the basis of the exploration of several oral corpora, we offer a focus on two frequent, noticed and remarkable markers in modern and contemporary French, namely si tu veux / si vous voulez and si je puis dire. This approach ultimately allows us to highlight the existence of the French pragmatic-modal couple of vouloir/ pouvoir
Lyakhova, Moulin Mariya. "La concession en russe moderne." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30008/document.
Full textIn this thesis dedicated to concession in modern Russian we specified the concept by means of a prototypical schema which we applied to classify different types of concessive constructions. This schema aims at embracing the majority of sentences marked as concessive. The main mark of the proposed schema (p, C q), based on the idea of contrast between the implications of p and q contents, assessments of these contents or p and q speech acts, is the connective C, a concessive conjunction or preposition. We studied concessive relations in both complex sentences and simple sentences. They are classified according to the epistemic status of q and subdivided into non-Conditional, conditional and counterfactual. The second criterion of classification is the single or multiple status of q. According to it we have, on the one hand, non-Generalized concessive constructions and, on the other, generalized concessive constructions. Outstepping the traditional research, we made a point of studying illocutionary concession as part of the whole. Indeed, xotja in discourse is used by the speaker as a self-Correction technique in order to reject the previous utterance pointing thus the deviation of their thought. As a result of our research we come to the conclusion that concession has multiple forms and cannot be reduced to inoperant causality. Due to a wider research scope we managed to bridge the linguistic and rhetoric concessions and to give a broader view of different forms of concessive relations in modern Russian
Ben, Achour Riadh. "De la sémantique textuelle en arabe : cohésion discursive et sens lexical." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20014.
Full textThis work falls within the general framework of developing a working methodology for processing lexical meaning within a text. It seeks to apply François Rastier’s theory of interpretive semantics to Arabic texts and utterances. The thesis starts with a survey of the state of the text in both traditional Arabic thinking and modern linguistics. Such a survey reveals the key factors that have brought the textual level to the fore, in modern linguistics on the one hand, and Arabic traditional grammar, rhetoric and exegetics on the other hand. This study seeks to apply Rastier’s notion of interpretive semantics to texts and examples in Arabic. The overall objective of this close textual approach is to highlight the fundamental role of semantic analysis, semantic isotopy, context and the current social practices in assigning lexical meaning. The thesis attempts also to show the shortcomings of textual models offered by two semantic approaches, namely the formal (truth-conditional) and the cognitive approaches; in order to highlight the pertinence of Rastier’s model within a structural semantic approach to Arabic texts
Émond, Catherine. "La genèse d'une classe de mots : les conjonctions dans la tradition (pré-)grammaticale de l'Antiquité grecque." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4088.
Full textThis research is concerned with the theory of the parts of speech in Greek antiquity and more precisely with the topic of conjunctions. The first chapter examines the definition of the conjunction given in Aristotle’s Poetics, as well as the other texts of the Aristotelian corpus which allow us the get a better grasp on a still ill-defined grammatical entity. The second chapter deals with the conjunction within the logico-grammatical researches of the Stoic school. It examines the Stoic definition of the conjunction, as well as the various categories of conjunctions that were identified by the Stoics. The central role of conjunctions in the Stoic theory of complex assertions is emphasized, thus showing the close interrelation between logic and grammar at this point in the development of grammatical theory. The final chapter is concerned with the definition and the classes of conjunctions given in the Tekhnè grammatikè, a short grammatical treatise ascribed to the Alexandrian philologist Dionysius Thrax. It shows the influence of the Stoic theory of complex assertions on this first attempt at grammatical systematization, as well as the interference of philological concerns.