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1
Canning, Simon. "Conjugal visits may go ahead." Nursing Standard 8, no. 46 (1994): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.8.46.9.s19.
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Kajawo, Samson C. R. "Conjugal Visits in Prisons Discourse: Is it Even an Offender Rehabilitation Option in Africa?" Advanced Journal of Social Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.8.1.67-76.
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Conjugal rights issue in prisons is indeed an old debate. This article reviewed the literature on the genesis of prisoners’ conjugal visits programme, its global prevalence and the scholarly debate for and against its provision to understand if it can be a rehabilitation option in African countries’ prisons. It has been noted that conjugal visits programme was haphazardly started in the 1900s in Mississippi before becoming an official programme in 1989. Though they were discontinued later in 2014 in Mississippi, conjugal visits are still provided in many penitentiary facilities in America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Studies have revealed that conjugal visits are capable of reducing the problems of homosexuality, sexual assaults and physical violence in prisons. It has also been observed that, apart from the fact that denial of conjugal rights to the prisoners’ spouse could be a form of punishment to innocent victims, conjugal visits can be incentives for good prisoners’ behaviour and rehabilitation in prisons. However, apart from the fact the programme is likely to be expensive and costly to African countries whom their general strife is prisoners’ overcrowding, most of the arguments against conjugal visits are moral-based such as that the programme is likely to perpetrate one-parent family system and is prone to abuse by both prisoners and prison staff. It has, therefore, been concluded that it cannot hurt anybody if legally married prisoners and their spouses are provided with a right to enjoy conjugal visits especially in those jurisdictions which have embraced rehabilitation philosophy.
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Bernard-Giroux, Coralie, Catherine Lessard, Laurence Dubé, and Tamarha Pierce. "Débordement, transfert interpersonnel et les perceptions des mères et pères de leur relation coparentale." Psycause : revue scientifique étudiante de l'École de psychologie de l'Université Laval 10, no. 2 (2020): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51656/psycause.v10i2.40755.
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Cette étude examine la présence de débordement, de transfert interpersonnel et de différences de genre dans la perception de la qualité des relations coparentales (PQRC) de parents d’un jeune enfant. Les données sont issues d’un projet mené auprès de 54 couples dont le premier enfant avait 19 mois. À la maison et lors d’une visite en laboratoire, chacun des conjoints a rempli des questionnaires autorapportés incluant des mesures sociodémographiques, du niveau de difficulté de l’enfant, de leur bien-être subjectif, de leur stress perçu, de leurs conflits et satisfaction conjugale et de leur PQRC. Le bien-être subjectif et la satisfaction conjugale des pères, de même que le stress perçu et le conflit conjugal rapporté par les mères corrèlent significativement avec leur PQRC, appuyant l’hypothèse de débordement. De plus, le stress perçu et la satisfaction conjugale des pères corrèlent significativement avec la PQRC des mères, appuyant l’hypothèse de transfert interpersonnel. Les résultats n’appuient pas cette hypothèse pour les pères et ne révèlent aucune différence de genre significative. Cette étude soutient la nécessité de prendre en compte les perspectives et expériences distinctes des pères et des mères afin de comprendre leur relation coparentale ou intervenir auprès du couple coparental.
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Beattie, Peter M. "The Jealous Institution: Male Nubility, Conjugality, Sexuality, and Discipline on the Social Margins of Imperial Brazil." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 1 (2011): 180–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000678.
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In 1997, an “attempted rebellion” erupted in the Professor Barreto Campelo Penitentiary on Itamaracá Island, Pernambuco. A journalist reported that the suspension of conjugal visits sparked a brawl in which three inmates were stabbed before guards restored order. The warden clarified that conjugal visits had been suspended after fights broke out between rival cellblocks when someone pilfered objects visitors had brought to prisoners. A woman who desired anonymity informed, “The convicts notified us in the afternoon by way of notes that they would fight again that night. I think that the lack of contact with their female companions leaves all of the men agitated.” The warden brokered a truce with the inmates' leaders in part by promising that conjugal visits would resume the next week. The reporter concluded, almost as an afterthought, that inmates renewed protests about the overcrowding of eleven hundred inmates into a jail designed for four hundred.
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Durbin, Sienna, Debra Lundquist, Rachel Jimenez, et al. "Time burden and logistical intensity of early-phase clinical trials (EP-CTs)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.84.
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84 Background: EP-CTs are increasingly important options for patients with cancer and often involve intensive monitoring. Thus, characterizing the time burden and logistical intensity of EP-CTs could help patients and clinicians make informed decisions regarding trial participation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of consecutive patients enrolled in EP-CTs at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2017-2019 to obtain baseline characteristics (demographics and clinical factors), EP-CT investigational agent (immunomodulatory therapy [IM], targeted inhibitor(s) [TI], antibody drug conjugate [ADC]/chemotherapy prodrug), and logistical intensity (trial visit frequency, presence of extended visits, distance traveled in one direction from home zip code to trial site). We defined visit frequency as the number of visits per protocol within the first 28 days on trial. We defined an extended visit as six or more hours in clinic on at least one day during the first 28 days on study. We investigated associations among patient characteristics, investigational agent, and logistical intensity. Results: Among 421 patients (median age=60.6 years, 55.8% female, 97.4% metastatic disease), most (73.6%) had two or more sites of metastatic disease. EP-CTs included 43.2% IM, 43.0% TI, and 13.8% ADC/chemotherapy prodrug. Patients enrolled in ADC/prodrug trials had the highest burden of metastatic disease (mean sites: 2.8 [ADC] vs 2.4 [TI] vs 2.3 [IM], p = 0.007) and oldest age (mean years: 64.0 [ADC] vs 61.7 [IM] vs 58.5 [TI], p = 0.003). Patients enrolled on TI trials had the highest visit frequency compared with those enrolled on other trials (mean visits: 5.5 [TI] vs 5.3 [ADC] vs 5.0 [IM], p = 0.027) and the fewest days spent on trial (mean days: 78.3 [TI] vs 102.2 [IM] vs 131.8 [ADC], p = 0.003). Patients enrolled on TI trials were also most likely to have an extended visit (82.3% [TI] vs 58.2% [IM] vs 29.3% [ADC], p < 0.001) and least likely to receive first in human therapy (38.1% [TI] vs 74.1% [ADC] vs 74.2% [IM], p < 0.001). Distance traveled from home to clinic did not significantly differ across trial type (median miles traveled: 35.1 [TI] vs 34.1 [IM] vs 33.2 [ADC], p = 0.884). Conclusions: In this cohort of patients participating in EP-CTs, we found that a plurality enrolled in IM studies. Those receiving ADC/prodrug regimens were older and had a higher burden of disease. On average, patients participating in EP-CTs had over five visits in the first month, with those enrolled on TI trials having the highest visit frequency and greatest likelihood of extended visits. Patients on TI trials also spent the fewest total days on trial. Despite the lack of significant differences in distance traveled, most patients were still traveling over 30 miles to get to the trial site. These data highlight the time burden and logistical intensity of various EP-CTs, which may help inform patient-clinician discussions about trial participation.
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Khuc, Ngoc-Hang, Ben Tan, Rosalie Tuchscherer, Nigel SB Rawson, and Philippe De Wals. "Respiratory Infection and Otitis Media Visits in Relation to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 24, no. 4 (2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/385652.
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BACKGROUND: In Saskatchewan, pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) was offered to high-risk children in 2002 and to all infants in 2005.OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the frequency of medical visits for lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) and otitis media (OM) in relation to PCV use during the period 1990 to 2008.METHODS: Statistics regarding the number of children covered by the health insurance plan, PCV administration, and medical visits with a diagnostic code associated with LRI and OM were provided by Saskatchewan Health. Monthly rates were analyzed using dynamic state space models.RESULTS: In all series, there was a marked seasonal cycle and some higher-than-expected winter peak values, possibly associated with epidemics of specific respiratory viruses. Three abrupt decreases in baseline rate were observed for LRI and the final one, in February 2007, could be related to the increased proportion of children vaccinated with PCV. There was no statistical correlation between PCV use and OM visit frequency.CONCLUSION: Many environmental, biological and administrative factors may influence health services use, and an effect of low magnitude of a particular vaccine pertaining to nonspecific outcomes could be obscured in time-series analyses.
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Ben-Shimol, Shalom, Ron Dagan, Noga Givon-Lavi, Dekel Avital, Jacob Bar-Ziv, and David Greenberg. "Use of Chest Radiography Examination as a Probe for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Impact on Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Children." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 1 (2019): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz768.
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Abstract Background Community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) is considered a bacterial disease, mainly pneumococcal. CAAP rates markedly declined following 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introductions worldwide. In contrast, non-CAAP lower respiratory tract infections (NA-LRIs) are generally not considered pneumococcal diseases. We assessed CAAP, NA-LRIs, and overall visits with chest radiograph (CXR) examination rates in the pediatric emergency room in southern Israel before and after PCV implementation. Methods This was an ongoing, prospective observational study. Our hospital serves a captive population of approximately 75 000 children aged &lt;5 years, enabling incidence calculation. PCV7 and PCV13 were implemented in Israel in July 2009 and November 2010, respectively. All CXRs were analyzed according to the World Health Organization Standardization of Interpretation. We calculated CAAP, NA-LRI, and CXR examinations annual incidences from 2004 to 2017 and incidence rate ratios comparing the PCV13 (2014–2017) with the pre-PCV (2004–2008) periods. Results Overall, 72 746 CXR examinations were recorded: 14% CAAP and 86% NA-LRI. CAAP, NA-LRI, and CXR examination visit rates declined by 49%, 34%, and 37%, respectively. This pattern was seen in Jewish and Bedouin children (the 2 ethnically distinct populations), with steeper declines observed among Jewish children and children aged &gt;12 months. Conclusions PCV7/PCV13 implementation resulted in a marked decline in CAAP and overall visits with CXR examination rates in young children. Overall, approximately 14 750 hospital visits with CXR were prevented annually per 100 000 population aged &lt;5 years. These findings suggest that although NA-LRIs are usually not considered pneumococcal, many can be prevented by PCVs. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7/PCV13) implementation resulted in significant declines in community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) and overall chest radiography examination rates in young children. Although non-CAAP lower respiratory tract infections are usually not considered pneumococcal, many can be prevented by PCVs.
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Oksuzyan, Anna, Rune Jacobsen, Karen Glaser, Cecilia Tomassini, James W. Vaupel, and Kaare Christensen. "Sex Differences in Medication and Primary Healthcare Use before and after Spousal Bereavement at Older Ages in Denmark: Nationwide Register Study of over 6000 Bereavements." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/678289.
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Background. The study aimed to examine sex differences in healthcare use before and after widowhood to investigate whether reduced healthcare use among widowers compared with widows may partially explain excess mortality and more adverse health outcomes among men than women after spousal loss.Methods. All individuals alive and aged at least 60 years in 1996 and who became widowed in the period from 1996 to 2003 were selected from the 5% sample of the total Danish population and all Danish twins. The healthcare use was assessed as the average daily all-cause and major system-specific medication use and the average annual number of visits to general physicians (GPs).Results. The average daily use of all-cause and major system-specific medications, as well as the number of GP visits increased over the period from 1 year before and up to 5 years after a spouse's death, but there were no sex-specific patterns in the trajectories of medication use and number of GP visits after conjugal loss.Conclusion. We found little support for the hypothesis that reduced healthcare use contributes to the explanation of more adverse health outcomes after conjugal loss in men compared with women in Denmark.
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Jindracek, Lauren, and Jennifer E. Stark. "Identifying Missed Opportunities for the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 34, no. 1 (2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122517740364.
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Background: The recommendation for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults 65 years and older is recent, and the dosing schedule of PCV13 and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can be complex in this population. Objective: The authors assessed the rate of PCV13 immunization in patients 65 years of age and older and identified barriers that contributed to missed opportunities for PCV13. Methods: This retrospective review evaluated outpatient Veterans age 65 years or older who did not receive PCV13 at a scheduled primary care appointment despite an electronic reminder. Investigators recorded any documented reason for the patient not receiving PCV13. Results: The rate of PCV13 immunizations administered during the primary care visit study period was 37% (89 of 239 PCV13 eligible patients). Of the 150 patients identified who did not receive PCV13, 92% were not offered the vaccine, 6.7% declined vaccination, and 0.7% reported an allergy to vaccination. Electronic immunization records revealed that 48 of the 150 patients who did not receive PCV13 at their clinic appointment did receive PCV13 later the same year. Most patients received PCV13 in influenza vaccine season on the same day as receiving the influenza vaccine. Conclusion: The main barrier identified was not offering the vaccination during primary care visits. Pneumococcal vaccine administration was delayed until the influenza vaccine season in a significant portion of patients. This unexpected finding represents a target for education: ensuring health care professionals are reminded that PCV13 is not a seasonal vaccine like the influenza vaccine, but should be offered throughout the year.
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CARLSON, BONNIE E., and NEIL CERVERA. "Inmates and their Families." Criminal Justice and Behavior 18, no. 3 (1991): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854891018003005.
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The impact of incarceration on the family was studied in 63 inmates and 39 wives, half of whom received conjugal visits through the Family Reunion Program (FRP). Interview data and standardized measures assessed family functioning. Families in both groups were cohesive but not adaptable, and FRP inmates reported feeling closer to their families than non-FRP inmates.
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Kanaboshi, Naoki, and James F. Anderson. "Conjugal visits could test the limits of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause." Criminal Justice Studies 24, no. 4 (2011): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2011.625700.
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Krahn, Natasha Maria Wangen, Jalusa Silva De Arruda, and Jussara Carneiro Costa. "Conjugal visits in the context of incarceration of women and girls in the State of Bahia, Brazil: permissions, prohibitions and (in)visibilities." Oñati Socio-legal Series 10, no. 2 (2020): 415–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1052.
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This article analyzes the guarantee of the right to conjugal visits in contexts of incarceration for women and adolescent girls in a prison and in a socio-educational incarceration institution in the state of Bahia (Brazil). As exploratory research, the objective of this article is to understand how the right to conjugal visits is guaranteed (or not), the perceptions about this right, the difficulties for its fulfillment and the intersections with strategies of body control and sexuality of adult women and adolescents who are deprived of their liberty. Based on data obtained from literature review, documentary analysis and interviews with part of the staff at the incarceration institutions, it is possible to grasp the perceptions about the right to conjugal visitation by incarcerated women and adolescent girls, and the peculiarities of its implementation given gender specificities. Este artículo analiza la garantía del derecho a las visitas conyugales en contextos de encarcelamiento de mujeres y adolescentes en una prisión y en una institución de encarcelamiento socioeducativa en el estado de Bahía (Brasil). Como investigación exploratoria, el objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo se garantiza (o no) el derecho a las visitas conyugales, las percepciones sobre este derecho, las dificultades para su cumplimiento y las intersecciones con estrategias de control corporal y sexualidad de mujeres adultas y adolescentes privadas de libertad. A través de los datos obtenidos de la revisión de la literatura, el análisis documental y las entrevistas con parte del personal de las instituciones de encarcelamiento, es posible comprender las percepciones sobre el derecho a las visitas conyugales de mujeres y adolescentes encarceladas y las peculiaridades de su implementación dadas las especificidades de género.
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Borchardt, Stephanie M., Kailynn Mitchell, Taylor Larson, Ellen Ehlers, and Stephanie L. Schauer. "Applying the AFIX Quality Improvement Model to Increase Adult Immunization in Wisconsin." Public Health Reports 136, no. 5 (2021): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920974661.
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Objectives Assessment, Feedback, Incentives, and eXchange (AFIX) is a quality improvement model used to increase childhood and adolescent immunization rates in the United States. We evaluated implementation of a similar quality improvement model to boost adult immunization rates. Methods During November 2016 through May 2017, adult immunization outreach specialists conducted 124 in-person visits to clinics in Wisconsin that immunize adults, submit immunization information to the Wisconsin Immunization Registry (WIR), and agreed to participate in adult AFIX. Outreach specialists ran immunization assessment reports using the WIR and showed a paper copy of the report during the visit. Health care providers were encouraged to implement at least 1 of 18 strategies (eg, reminder-and-recall intervention, giving adult immunization resources to patients) to increase adult immunization rates. Outreach specialists conducted follow-up with health care providers at 3, 6, and 9-18 months after the initial visit to encourage strategy implementation. We compared AFIX sites with control clinics on practice type, geographic location, and clinic size. Results Clinics that participated in adult AFIX had a significantly larger increase in median adult immunization rates for completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series at the 9- to 18-month follow-up than control clinics did (10.4% vs 7.7%; P = .02). The median immunization rate for 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine/23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine completed in series was higher, but not significantly so, among adult AFIX clinics than among control clinics (12.6% vs 10.7%; P = .18). Conclusions Adult AFIX resulted in increased awareness about adult immunization recommendations and may be a useful tool for increasing adult immunization rates.
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Bourassa, Chantal, and Elda Savoie. "Le portrait de la violence conjugale dans le comté de Kent : une expérience de recherche-action." Articles hors thème 36, no. 2 (2007): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014504ar.
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Résumé Le Centre de prévention de la violence familiale de Kent et des gens de la communauté de Kent se sont associés à une chercheure universitaire dans une recherche-action auprès de femmes victimes ou ayant été victimes de violence conjugale. Cette recherche visait à mieux comprendre le problème de la violence conjugale dans le comté de Kent et à élaborer des recommandations pour mieux répondre aux besoins des victimes. Douze femmes ont été rencontrées, dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-dirigés, et six femmes ont participé à un groupe de discussion. Ces femmes nous ont parlé de leur situation de violence et de ses effets sur elles et leurs enfants. Elles nous ont aussi fait part des besoins des victimes de violence conjugale. La recherche a permis de mettre au jour les conditions difficiles vécues par les femmes victimes de violence et la rareté des ressources en violence conjugale dans le comté de Kent. C’est suite au point de vue des femmes et aux expériences qu’elles nous ont racontées que des actions ont été entreprises afin de mieux aider les victimes de violence conjugale et leurs enfants.
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Darr, Amber Y., and Sarah Gottfried. "Identifying vaccination rates of adult patients in ambulatory care clinics." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212093546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120935461.
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Background: While pharmacists have provided vaccinations to patients in the community pharmacy setting, pharmacist involvement within the medical office setting is not well documented in the literature. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists reports that ambulatory care pharmacists are screening for and administering vaccinations at a declining rate, despite standards of practice. Vaccination rates for adults 19–64 years of age remain low, based on Healthy People 2020 goals, putting them at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess vaccination rates of ambulatory care pharmacy clinic patients aged 19–64 years and to compare the rates between three clinics and to Healthy People 2020 goals. Methods: This was a baseline retrospective analysis of vaccination rates for patients aged 19–64 years who attended at least one pharmacy clinic visit at one of the three medical office practices. Age, sex, medical conditions, cigarette or alcohol use, immunosuppressive medications, and vaccines recommended and received were recorded. Vaccination status was assessed according to the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommendations. Data were collected from January 2016 to March 2017. The percentage of eligible patients who received each vaccine was determined overall and for each clinic. Results: There were 240 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 52.8 years. The percentage of patients with vaccination documented in the medical record was 25% for pneumococcal conjugate, 35.7% for pneumococcal polysaccharide, 26.9% for zoster vaccine live, 6.4% for hepatitis B, and 50.6% for tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. Vaccination rates for pneumococcal conjugate, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and zoster vaccine live were below established Healthy People 2020 goals. Conclusion: Vaccination rates remain low in adults 19–64 years of age. Ambulatory care pharmacists should consider assessing vaccination status during clinic visits as a component of comprehensive vaccination programs.
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Damant, Dominique, Catherine Lebossé, Simon Lapierre, et al. "« Ça se sépare-tu ça, la femme pis la mère ? »." Perspectives étatiques 22, no. 2 (2010): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044226ar.
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Le présent article fait état des résultats d’une recherche qui visait à documenter les expériences de la maternité des femmes vivant dans un contexte de concomitance de violence conjugale et de mauvais traitements envers les enfants. Les résultats présentent le point de vue de ces femmes, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’intervention des services de santé et des services sociaux avec lesquels elles ont été en contact.
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Dallaire, Louis-François, and Normand Brodeur. "Points de vue de professionnels intervenant auprès des conjoints ayant des comportements violents au sujet de la concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux." Canadian Social Work Review 33, no. 1 (2016): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037087ar.
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La concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux chez les conjoints violents est un sujet controversé, tant au plan conceptuel qu’au plan clinique. De nombreuses études ont objectivé la présence de troubles mentaux dans la population des conjoints violents, sans toutefois s’intéresser aux points de vue des professionnels qui accompagnent ces hommes dans un processus de changement. Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative qui visait à explorer les points de vue de professionnels spécialisés dans l’intervention auprès de conjoints violents quant à la concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux chez leur clientèle. Onze professionnels ont été rencontrés au cours d’une entrevue de recherche semi-dirigée. Les participants estiment que les conjoints violents souffrant de troubles mentaux (CVTM) se distinguent de l’ensemble des conjoints violents par un degré élevé de désorganisation, et conçoivent les troubles mentaux comme un facteur augmentant le risque d’exercer de la violence conjugale. Leurs points de vue sont observables à travers leurs énoncés verbaux et les conduites professionnelles qu’ils adoptent auprès des CVTM, soit l’évitement, la distanciation et l’intégration. Le discours des participants reflète les paradoxes associés à la catégorisation des CVTM et à l’intervention auprès de cette clientèle.
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Kawai, Kosuke, Eelam A. Adil, Devon Barrett, Juliana Manganella, and Margaret A. Kenna. "Ambulatory Visits for Otitis Media before and after the Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination." Journal of Pediatrics 201 (October 2018): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.047.
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Becker-Dreps, Sylvia, Bryan Blette, Rafaela Briceno, et al. "Changes in Pneumonia Incidence and Infant Mortality 5 Years Following Introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in a “3+0” Schedule in Nicaragua." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S67—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.161.
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Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes an estimated 826,000 deaths of children in the world each year and many health facility visits. To reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease, many nations have added pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to their national immunization schedules. Nicaragua was the first country eligible for funding from the GAVI Alliance to introduce the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), provided to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the population impact of the first five years of the program. Methods Numbers of visits for pneumonia, pneumonia-related deaths, bacterial meningitis, and infant deaths between 2008 and 2015 were collected from all 107 public health facilities in León Department. Vital statistics data provided additional counts of pneumonia-related deaths that occurred outside health facilities. Adjusted incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRa) in the vaccine (2011–2015) and pre-vaccine periods (2008–2010) were estimated using official population estimates as exposure time. Results The IRRa for pneumonia hospitalizations was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.75) for infants, and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99) for one year olds. The IRRa for post-neonatal infant mortality was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.77). In the population as a whole, ambulatory visits and hospitalizations for pneumonia, as well as pneumonia-related mortality and rates of bacterial meningitis were lower in the vaccine period. Conclusion Five years following program introduction, reductions were observed in health facility visits for pneumonia in immunized age groups and infant mortality, which would be hard to achieve with any other single public health intervention. Future study is warranted to understand whether the lack of a booster dose (e.g.,, at 12 months) may be responsible for the small reductions in pneumonia hospitalizations observed in one year-olds as compared with infants. Disclosures S. Becker-Dreps, Pfizer: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; D. J. Weber, Pfizer: Consultant and Speaker’s Bureau, Consulting fee and Speaker honorarium
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Torres, Juliana Lustosa, Rosângela Corrêa Dias, Fabiane Ribeiro Ferreira, James Macinko, and Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa. "Functional performance and social relations among the elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a population-based epidemiological study." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 5 (2014): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00102013.
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This study was conducted in a probabilistic sam- ple of 2,055 elderly in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, to examine components of social network (conjugal status and visits by the children, other relatives, and friends) and social support (satisfaction with personal relations and having persons on whom to rely) associated with limitations in performing basic activities of daily living (ADL). Multivariate analysis used the Hurdle model. Performance of ADL showed independent and statistically significant associations with social network (fewer meetings with friends and not having children) and personal support (dissatisfaction/indifference towards personal relations). These associations remained after adjusting for social and demographic characteristics, health status, and other indicators of social relations. Our results emphasize the need for greater attention to social network and social support for elderly with functional limitations and those with weak social networks and social support.
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Padovani, Natália Corazza. "No olho do furacão: conjugalidades homossexuais e o direito à visita íntima na Penitenciária Feminina da Capital." Cadernos Pagu, no. 37 (December 2011): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-83332011000200007.
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Neste artigo, analiso o direito à visita íntima em uma unidade penal específica: a Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (PFC). As visitas estão caracterizadas na Lei de Execução Penal (LEP) como forma de manutenção de relações familiares e matrimoniais das pessoas privadas de liberdade. Cabe questionar, entretanto, quais relações têm sido consideradas familiares e matrimoniais pelo corpo administrativo prisional. Essa questão tornou-se ainda mais complexa depois do dia 5 de maio de 2011, data em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal decidiu pela equalização legal das Uniões Civis Homossexuais às Heterossexuais. Argumento que esse acontecimento reitera uma lógica que empreende violência às relações sexuais não consideradas conjugais e que, ao mesmo tempo, responde a um desejo de sujeitos alijados de reconhecimento estatal. A disputa pelo direito à visita íntima homossexual está no centro desta contenda.
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La, Elizabeth M., Diana Garbinsky, Shannon Hunter, Sara Poston, Patricia Novy, and Parinaz Ghaswalla. "179. Individual and State-level Factors Associated with Receipt of Multiple Recommended Adolescent Vaccines in the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S218—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.489.
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Abstract Background The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) routinely recommends several adolescent vaccines, including human papillomavirus (HPV); quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY); and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. Limited data are available on the percentage of adolescents receiving this complement of ACIP-recommended vaccines and factors that may increase likelihood of completion. Methods This study used 2015–18 pooled National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data to estimate national and state-level completion rates by age 17 of a two-dose MenACWY series, two- or three- dose HPV series (depending on age at first vaccination), and a Tdap vaccine, using multivariable logistic regression modeling to adjust for individual characteristics. NIS-Teen data were then combined with public state-level data to construct a multilevel model evaluating effects of both individual- and state-level factors on completion. Results After adjusting for individual-level factors, the national completion rate for these ACIP-recommended vaccines by age 17 was 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1–31.0%). However, rates for individual states varied substantially, from 11.3% in Idaho (CI: 6.9–18.0%) to 56.4% in Rhode Island (CI: 49.8–62.8%) (Figure 1). In the multilevel model, individual characteristics associated with increased likelihood of receiving the recommended vaccines by age 17 included female gender, black or Hispanic race, Medicaid coverage (vs. private/other), last provider visit at age 16 or 17, generally having ≥1 provider visit in last year, and receiving a provider recommendation for HPV vaccination. Residing in a state with a MenACWY vaccination mandate for elementary and secondary schools was the only state-level variable that significantly increased the likelihood of completion (odds ratio: 1.6; CI: 1.2–2.3) (Figure 2). Figure 1: Model-Adjusted Completion Rates of ACIP-Recommended HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap Vaccines by Age 17 Years in the United States, 2015–18. ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; HPV, human papillomavirus; MenACWY, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate; Tdap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. Note: Vaccination completion is based on completion of the HPV series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses for individuals aged 9–14 years at first vaccination or receipt of 3 doses for individuals aged 15 years or older at first vaccination), completion of the MenACWY series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses), and receipt of a Tdap vaccine. Note: Model-adjusted composite vaccination completion is adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, mother’s educational attainment, health insurance status, continuity of health insurance coverage since age 11, whether the individual was 16 or 17 years old at their last checkup, number of physician or other healthcare professional visits in past 12 months, whether a doctor or other healthcare professional ever recommended that the individual receive HPV vaccination, and state. The model-adjusted estimate is generated by taking the average of the predicted probability of vaccination for each individual as if they were all from the same state (while retaining all other characteristics). Figure 2: Individual-Level and State-Level Characteristics Associated with an Individual’s Completion of ACIP-Recommended HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap Vaccines by Age 17 Years in the United States, 2015–18. ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; CI, confidence interval; HCP, healthcare professional; HPV, human papillomavirus; MenACWY, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate; ref, referent category; Tdap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. Note: Bold characters and darker circles indicate significant results. Note: Vaccination completion is based on completion of the HPV series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses for individuals aged 9–14 years at first vaccination or receipt of 3 doses for individuals aged 15 years or older at first vaccination), completion of the MenACWY series (i.e., receipt of 2 doses), and receipt of a Tdap vaccine. Conclusion Recommended adolescent vaccine completion rates are suboptimal and highly variable across states. Provider recommendations, visits at 16–17 years of age, and state mandates for MenACWY are implementable strategies associated with completion of recommended adolescent vaccines. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (study identifier: HO-19-19991) Disclosures Elizabeth M. La, PhD, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Diana Garbinsky, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, The study was conducted by RTI Health Solutions, which received consultancy fees from GSK. I am a salaried employee at RTI Health Solutions and received no direct compensation from GSK for the conduct of this study..) Shannon Hunter, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, Ms. Hunter is an employee of RTI Health Solutions, who received consultancy fees from GSK for conduct of the study. Ms. Hunter received no direct compensation from the Sponsor.) Sara Poston, PharmD, The GlaxoSmithKline group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Patricia Novy, PhD, GSK (Employee, Shareholder) Parinaz Ghaswalla, PhD, ORCID: 0000-0002-2883-5590, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder)
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Grijalva, C., K. Poehling, P. Nuorti, et al. "The Impact of Infant Immunization with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Outpatient Visits in the United States." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (2006): S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s202-c.
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Chandrasekaran, Priya R., and V. G. Madanagopalan. "KSI-301: antibody biopolymer conjugate in retinal disorders." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 13 (January 2021): 251584142110277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25158414211027708.
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KSI-301 is a new intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody biopolymer conjugate under investigation for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular oedema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Preclinical and early clinical trials so far have shown promising results in retinal vascular diseases. When using anti-VEGF agents for treatment of retinal disorders, the frequency of injections and follow-up visits has increased the treatment burden, greatly affecting the treatment outcome. There are new anti-VEGF agents in the horizon with extended duration of action, durability, safety profile and efficacy, which seem to address the above issues. PubMed search and Medline search were performed on newer anti-VEGF agents, KSI-301, antibody biopolymer conjugate in retina, KODIAK KSI-301, DAZZLE study, GLEAM study, GLIMMER study, GLOW study and BEACON study. This review article showcases the biophysical properties and ongoing trials related to KSI-301. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy and safety profile of KSI-301 on the basis of the results of available trials.
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Awofeso, Niyi, and Raymond Naoum. "Sex in prisons - a management guide." Australian Health Review 25, no. 4 (2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020149.
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Prisons are invariably unisex institutions where, besides many deprivations, heterosexual expression in its normal sense is absent. It is this characteristic that make prisons settings potentially fertile grounds for sexual aberrations. Since definite and accurate data concerning sexual activities among prison inmates are difficult to obtain, the phenomenon of sexual practices in prisons has traditionally been a topic of much speculation. However, the descriptions and explanations of most authors on the subject are often contradictory, and some of the best information are from unpublished sources.This article is an attempt to subsume many fragmented explanations about seven main types of sexual issues in prisons (i.e. consensual homosexuality, masturbation, transsexualism, prostitution, conjugal visits, sex between prisoners and prison staff, and rape among prison inmates) under more general criminological and management concepts. Suggestions for prison administrators on how to manage these complex issues in the best interests of security and inmates' health are also provided.
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Miller, Elizabeth, Nick Andrews, Pauline Waight, et al. "Safety and Immunogenicity of Coadministering a Combined Meningococcal Serogroup C andHaemophilus influenzaeType b Conjugate Vaccine with 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine at 12 Months of Age." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 3 (2010): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00516-10.
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ABSTRACTThe coadministration of the combined meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC)/Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) vaccine with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 12 months of age was investigated to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this regimen compared with separate administration of the conjugate vaccines. Children were randomized to receive MCC/Hib vaccine alone followed 1 month later by PCV7 with MMR vaccine or to receive all three vaccines concomitantly. Immunogenicity endpoints were MCC serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers of ≥8, Hib-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG antibody concentrations of ≥0.15 μg/ml, PCV serotype-specific IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 μg/ml, measles and mumps IgG concentrations of >120 arbitrary units (AU)/ml, and rubella IgG concentrations of ≥11 AU/ml. For safety assessment, the proportions of children with erythema, swelling, or tenderness at site of injection or fever or other systemic symptoms for 7 days after immunization were compared between regimens. No adverse consequences for either safety or immunogenicity were demonstrated when MCC/Hib vaccine was given concomitantly with PCV and MMR vaccine at 12 months of age or separately at 12 and 13 months of age. Any small differences in immunogenicity were largely in the direction of a higher response when all three vaccines were given concomitantly. For systemic symptoms, there was no evidence of an additive effect; rather, any differences between schedules showed benefit from the concomitant administration of all three vaccines, such as lower overall proportions with postvaccination fevers. The United Kingdom infant immunization schedule now recommends that these three vaccines may be offered at one visit at between 12 and 13 months of age.
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Ben-Shimol, Shalom, Noga Givon-Lavi, David Greenberg, and Ron Dagan. "Cocontribution of Rotavirus and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines to the Reduction of Pediatric Hospital Visits in Young Children." Journal of Pediatrics 182 (March 2017): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.041.
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FRIEDEL, V., S. ZILORA, D. BOGAARD, J. R. CASEY, and M. E. PICHICHERO. "Five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in Rochester, NY: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 10 (2013): 2186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003178.
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SUMMARYDuring a 5-year prospective study of nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization and acute otitis media (AOM) infections in children during the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) era (July 2006–June 2011) we studied risk factors for NP colonization and AOM. NP samples were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months during well-child visits. Additionally, NP and middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected at onset of every AOM episode. From 1825 visits (n = 464 children), 5301 NP and 570 MEF samples were collected and analysed for potential otopathogens. Daycare attendance, NP colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis, and siblings aged <5 years increased the risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae NP colonization. NP colonization with S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, or Haemophilus influenzae and a family history of OM increased the risk of AOM. Risk factors that increase the risk of pneumococcal AOM will be important to reassess as we move into a new 13-valent PCV era, especially co-colonization with other potential otopathogens.
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Zoma, Robert L., Jenny A. Walldorf, Felix Tarbangdo, et al. "Evaluation of the Impact of Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine Introduction on Second-Year-of-Life Vaccination Coverage in Burkina Faso." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (2019): S233—S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz304.
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Abstract Background After successful meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) campaigns since 2010, Burkina Faso introduced MACV in March 2017 into the routine Expanded Programme for Immunization schedule at age 15–18 months, concomitantly with second-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV2). We examined MCV2 coverage in pre- and post-MACV introduction cohorts to describe observed changes regionally and nationally. Methods A nationwide household cluster survey of children 18–41 months of age was conducted 1 year after MACV introduction. Coverage was assessed by verification of vaccination cards or recall. Two age groups were included to compare MCV2 coverage pre-MACV introduction (30–41 months) versus post-MACV introduction (18–26 months). Results In total, 15 925 households were surveyed; 7796 children were enrolled, including 3684 30–41 months of age and 3091 18–26 months of age. Vaccination documentation was observed for 86% of children. The MACV routine coverage was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56%–61%) with variation by region (41%–76%). The MCV2 coverage was 62% (95% CI, 59%–65%) pre-MACV introduction and 67% (95% CI, 64%–69%) post-MACV introduction, an increase of 4.5% (95% CI, 1.3%–7.7%). Among children who received routine MACV and MCV2, 93% (95% CI, 91%–94%) received both at the same visit. Lack of caregiver awareness about the 15- to 18-month visit and vaccine unavailability were common reported barriers to vaccination. Conclusions A small yet significant increase in national MCV2 coverage was observed 1 year post-MACV introduction. The MACV/MCV2 coadministration was common. Findings will help inform strategies to strengthen second-year-of-life immunization coverage, including to address the communication and vaccine availability barriers identified.
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Garg, Shivani, Katina Tsagaris, Raluca Cozmuta, and Aliza Lipson. "Improving the Combination Pneumococcal Vaccination Rate in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients at an Adult Rheumatology Practice." Journal of Rheumatology 45, no. 12 (2018): 1656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171377.
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Objective.The risk of developing invasive pneumococcal infection is 13 times higher in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with the general population. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention anticipates a US$7.6 million medical cost reduction by providing pneumococcal vaccination. The objective of this study was to improve the rate of combination pneumococcal vaccination (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 + pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13) in patients with SLE in our adult academic rheumatology practice.Methods.With the use of physician- and staff-based surveys, we analyzed the underlying barriers in providing vaccination. We then planned a multifaceted intervention including pre-visit planning, day-of-visit planning, weekly review, and monthly feedback.Results.Our project is one of the few studies planned to improve combination pneumococcal vaccination rates in adult patients with SLE and we report an impressive improvement from 10% baseline rate to 59% vaccination rate by the end of the study period. This highlights the role of planning an intervention with an integrated workflow and the importance of sharing performance data, which leads to high compliance among team members.Conclusion.The significant improvement in combination vaccination rate in eligible patients with SLE and the additional rise of vaccine rates seen in other eligible patients in the practice draws attention to the high adaptiveness of the intervention resulting in a true practice change. Our quality project design can serve as a model that can be adapted by other specialty clinics to achieve higher vaccination standards.
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Moen, J., J. A. Holtet, A. Pedersen, et al. "Cluster boundary layer measurements and optical observations at magnetically conjugate sites." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 10/12 (2001): 1655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1655-2001.
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Abstract. The Cluster spacecraft experienced several boundary layer encounters when flying outbound from the magnetosphere to the magnetosheath in the dusk sector on 14 January 2001. The dayside boundary layer was populated by magnetosheath electrons, but not with quite as high densities as in the magnetosheath itself. The Cluster ground track was calculated using the Tsyganenko-96 model which appears to be a strong tool for combining high-altitude satellite and ground observations, given that the solar wind conditions are known. This paper focuses on identifying auroral responses corresponding to boundary layer dynamics observed by Cluster. The first boundary layer encounter studied was a brief visit into a closed LLBL, most likely due to a boundary wave that travelled tailward over the spacecraft. A corresponding equatorward and eastward movement was seen in the post-noon aurora between Greenland and Svalbard. The second boundary encounter was in a high-latitude cusp, and occurred as a consequence of a transient reconfiguration of the cusp. The cusp expanded duskward over the spacecraft into the late post-noon sector. NOAA-12 probed the 16:30 MLT sector of this auroral activity, and measured a 1.4 keV electron beam located poleward of the 30 keV electron-trapping boundary. A sequence of three moving auroral forms emanating from this active region are likely candidates for flux transfer events. The auroral signatures are discussed in relation to earlier observations, and appear to be an example of accelerated electrons/discrete post-noon aurora on open magnetic field lines.Key words. Ionosphere (particle precipitation) Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers)
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Meropol, Sharon B., Michael R. Jacobs, Kurt C. Stange, Saralee Bajaksouzian, and Robert A. Bonomo. "Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 4 (2019): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz068.
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Abstract Background The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae during the first year of life within a community newborn infant cohort, and assess the relationship between antibiotic exposure and colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms. Methods During April 2013–February 2014, 326 infants were enrolled from an urban academic hospital well-baby nursery. At ages 4, 8, and 12 months, we collected antibiotic data, other exposure data, and nasopharyngeal cultures for pneumococcal isolation. Results Follow-up visits were completed for 211, 158, and 144 infants at ages 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively. By 12 months, 33% of infants attending the visits had ever been exposed to antibiotics, 67% if exposures to maternal antibiotics at birth are included. Pneumococci were isolated at 38/839 (4.5%) visits from 38 infants, including one 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype (6A). There were 1 (0.3%), 15 (7%), 7 (4%), and 15 (10%) infants who were colonized at 0-, 4-, 8-, and 12-month visits, respectively. By age 12 months, at least 35 (11%) infants had ever been colonized. Sixteen isolates (42%) exhibited nonsusceptibility to at least 1 antibiotic. Infants with recent antibiotic exposure were not more likely to be colonized or to harbor nonsusceptible organisms. Conclusions Within a hospital birth cohort followed in the community, pneumococcal colonization and related antibiotic resistance were lower than previously reported, likely associated with PCV13 use. Antibiotic exposure was not associated with subsequent colonization with resistant isolates. The influence of other environmental factors needs further study.
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González-Peña, Nuria. "Louis Kahn en Rochester." Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 5 (July 25, 2018): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2017.5.0.5149.
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El objetivo de esta comunicación es evaluar de modo crítico la influencia del pensamiento unitario en la concepción de la Primera Iglesia Unitaria de Rochester de Louis Kahn. Partiendo de la visita al templo y de la interacción con los feligreses, se recoge información de Louis Kahn y la Primera Iglesia Unitaria de Rochester.Las conexiones se establecen planteando las premisas de la Iglesia Unitaria sobre la revisión de los datos recogidos del arquitecto respecto a la concepción de la idea. Se estudia el proyecto final en relación a estas premisas, lo que aporta una triple lectura que conjuga las intenciones del arquitecto con las necesidades de la Iglesia y la evolución del proyecto.Croquis, dibujos y fotografías representan las distintas fases de la formalización del concepto. El arquitecto aporta una solución que, aunando traslaciones culturales y tecnológicas, el cliente identifica como propia.
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Eythorsson, Elias, Tinna L. Ásgeirsdóttir, Helga Erlendsdóttir, Birgir Hrafnkelsson, Karl G. Kristinsson, and Ásgeir Haraldsson. "The impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the paediatric immunisation programme in Iceland—A population-based time series analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249497.
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Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of infections that range in severity from acute otitis media (AOM) to pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) was introduced into the Icelandic paediatric immunisation programme in 2011. The aim was to estimate the population impact and cost-effectiveness of PHiD-CV10 introduction. Methods Data on primary care visits from 2005–2015 and hospitalisations from 2005–2017 were obtained from population-based registries. A Bayesian time series analysis with synthetic controls was employed to estimate the number of cases of AOM, pneumonia and IPD that would have occurred between 2013–2017, had PHiD-CV10 not been introduced. Prevented cases were calculated by subtracting the observed number of cases from this estimate. The cost of the programme was calculated accounting for cost-savings due to prevented cases. Results The introduction of PHiD-CV10 prevented 13,767 (95% credible interval [CI] 2,511–29,410) visits for AOM from 2013–2015, and prevented 1,814 (95%CI -523-4,512) hospitalisations for pneumonia and 53 (95%CI -17-177) admissions for IPD from 2013–2017. Visits for AOM decreased both among young children and among children 4–19 years of age, with rate ratios between 0.72–0.89. Decreases were observed in both pneumonia hospitalisations (rate ratios between 0.67–0.92) and IPD (rate ratios between 0.27–0.94). The total cost of implementing PHiD-CV10 in Iceland was -7,463,176 United States Dollars (USD) (95%CI -16,159,551–582,135) with 2.1 USD (95%CI 0.2–4.7) saved for every 1 USD spent. Conclusions The introduction of PHiD-CV10 was associated with large decreases in visits and hospitalisations for infections commonly caused by pneumococcus and was cost-saving during the first five years of the immunisation programme.
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Grijalva, C. G., K. A. Poehling, J. P. Nuorti, et al. "National Impact of Universal Childhood Immunization With Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Outpatient Medical Care Visits in the United States." PEDIATRICS 118, no. 3 (2006): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0492.
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Dein, Kalpana, and Paul Simon Williams. "Relationships between residents in secure psychiatric units: are safety and sensitivity really incompatible?" Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 8 (2008): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.011478.
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Since the 1960s, Western society has adopted a more liberal attitude to sexuality. Choice of sexual partners, sexual preferences, attitudes and practices are increasingly a matter of individual choice and freedom. These changes, however, have had little impact on the lives of psychiatric in-patients (Eiguer et al, 1974; Akhtar et al, 1977; Taylor & Swan, 1999). ‘Mental illness,’ it has been suggested, ‘is one of the few disabilities where people run the risk of losing their freedom in order to receive in-patient treatment’ (Cook, 2000). This loss of liberty and rights becomes more pronounced in secure settings where mentally disordered offenders can spend a substantial part of their adult (sexual/reproductive) lives. Prisoners in some US state prisons (of medium and low security) are afforded conjugal visits from their married partners, in view of the rights of the latter. Paradoxically, detention in secure units, which we consider a therapeutic and not a punitive measure, places constraints on the formation of new relationships and the maintenance of previously existing ones. New relationships are, in our experience, viewed with more concern than previously existing ones.
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Murphy, Timothy F. "Vaccines for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the Future Is Now." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 22, no. 5 (2015): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00089-15.
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ABSTRACTInfections due to nontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeresult in enormous global morbidity in two clinical settings: otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recurrent otitis media affects up to 20% of children and results in hearing loss, delays in speech and language development and, in developing countries, chronic suppurative otitis media. Infections in people with COPD result in clinic and emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and respiratory failure. An effective vaccine would prevent morbidity, help control health care costs, and reduce antibiotic use, a major contributor to the global crisis in bacterial antibiotic resistance. The widespread use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is causing a relative increase inH. influenzaeotitis media. The partial protection againstH. influenzaeotitis media induced by the pneumococcalH. influenzaeprotein D conjugate vaccine represents a proof of principle of the feasibility of a vaccine for nontypeableH. influenzae. An ideal vaccine antigen should be conserved among strains, have abundant epitopes on the bacterial surface, be immunogenic, and induce protective immune responses. Several surface proteins ofH. influenzaehave been identified as potential vaccine candidates and are in various stages of development. With continued research, progress toward a broadly effective vaccine to prevent infections caused by nontypeableH. influenzaeis expected over the next several years.
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Findlow, H., B. D. Plikaytis, A. Aase, et al. "Investigation of Different Group A Immunoassays following One Dose of Meningococcal Group A Conjugate Vaccine or A/C Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 7 (2009): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00068-09.
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ABSTRACT A double-blind, randomized, controlled phase I study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence of a new group A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) in volunteers aged 18 to 35 years was previously performed. Subjects received one dose of either the PsA-TT conjugate vaccine, meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine (PsA/C), or tetanus toxoid vaccine. The conjugate vaccine was shown to be safe and immunogenic as demonstrated by a standardized group A-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by a serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay using rabbit complement (rSBA). This report details further analysis of the sera using four additional immunologic assays to investigate the relationship between the different immunoassays. The immunoassays used were an SBA assay that used human complement (hSBA), a group A-specific IgG multiplexed bead assay, and two opsonophagocytic antibody (OPA) assays which used two different methodologies. For each vaccine group, geometric mean concentrations or geometric mean titers were determined for all assays before and 4, 24, and 48 weeks after vaccination. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the six assays using data from all available visits. An excellent correlation was observed between the group A-specific IgG concentrations obtained by ELISA and those obtained by the multiplexed bead assay. hSBA and rSBA titers correlated moderately, although proportions of subjects with putatively protective titers and those demonstrating a ≥4-fold rise were similar. The two OPA methods correlated weakly and achieved only a low correlation with the other immunoassays. The correlation between hSBA and group A-specific IgG was higher for the PsA-TT group than for the PsA/C group.
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Vianna, Fabiano Borba. "Revisitando Toulouse Le Mirail:." Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP 25, no. 47 (2018): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2762.v25i47p34-50.
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O artigo aborda a concepção e a recente demolição parcial do projeto Toulouse Le Mirail, de autoria do escritório francês Candilis-Josic-Woods, relacionando-o com o período do após-Guerra e com temas que emergiram durante discussões e encontros do Team 10. Investiga-se o encontro de Royaumont em 1962, oportunidade em que o projeto foi apresentado por Georges Candilis e recebeu críticas devido à sua grande escala, revelando o posicionamento de autores como Jaap Bakema, José Antonio Coderch, Fernando Távora e André Schimmerling, todos presentes ao encontro. O método conjuga pesquisa bibliográfica, investigação em arquivos do Team 10 pertencentes ao acervo do Het Nieuwe Instituut em Rotterdam, além de um componente empírico, com visita de campo à obra. Como resultado, questiona-se em que medida os valores arquitetônicos e urbanísticos relacionados ao projeto, podem ser reinterpretados para embasar novas reflexões condizentes com a realidade das intervenções em assentamentos habitacionais de grande escala.
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Pozzenato Silazaki, Raquel, and Renata Portela Rinaldi. "AS ESCOLAS COM JORNADA AMPLIADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAÇATUBA: A PESQUISA E UMA EXPERIÊNCIA CONJUGADA." COLLOQUIUM HUMANARUM 15, Especial 2 (2018): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2018.v15.nesp2.001090.
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This paper presents a part of the research developed within the Post Praduate Program in Education of the FCT – UNESP/PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE, in the Municipal Educational System of Araçatuba-SP, with the Elementary School’s Pedagogical Coordinators (CoP) of Full-Time and Complementary Activities Schools. It addressed the conceptions about the training of these professionals and their professional learning processes. As part of the work and data collection an ongoing training course was developed with the CoP’s. In conducting this training process, emerged the interest in knowing the State reality, and two visits were made to state schools with extended hours. Of qualitative approach, the research was developed through bibliographic, documentary and data collection, from a constructive-collaborative perspective (COLE; KNOWLES, 1993), of intervention research. The experience was very rich and allowed to know different realities of the municipal schools, validated as a process that combined challenges, concerns, but, above all, learning.
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HUSSAIN, M., A. MELEGARO, R. G. PEBODY, et al. "A longitudinal household study of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in a UK setting." Epidemiology and Infection 133, no. 5 (2005): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805004012.
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A 10-month longitudinal household study of pre-school children and their families was undertaken with monthly visits collecting epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs in Hertfordshire, England from 2001 to 2002. Pneumococcal culture was with standard methods. In total, 121 families (489 individuals) took part. Mean prevalence of carriage ranged from 52% for age groups 0–2 years, 45% for 3–4 years, 21% for 5–17 years and 8% for [ges ]18 years. Carriage occurred more than once in 86% of children aged 0–2 years compared to 36% of those aged [ges ]18 years. The most prevalent serotypes in the 0–2 years age group were 6B followed by 19F, 23F, 6A and 14. Young children were responsible for the majority of introductions of new serotypes into a household. Erythromycin resistance (alone or in combination) occurred in 10% of samples and penicillin non-susceptibility in 3·7%. Overall the recently licensed 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV) would protect against 64% of serotypes with no intra-serogroup cross protection and 82% with such protection. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae is common in a UK setting in the pre-conjugate vaccine era. PCV would protect against a large proportion of carriage isolates. However, the impact of vaccination on non-vaccine serotypes will need to be monitored.
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Bonfim, Evandro. "O espírito santo e o "rei do fim do mundo”." Ciencias Sociales y Religión/Ciências Sociais e Religião 22 (September 30, 2020): e020025. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/csr.v22i00.13541.
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A eleição de Jair Bolsonaro como presidente do Brasil teve o apoio, dentre outras alianças, de três lideranças religiosas de grande relevância para o Cristianismo brasileiro: o pastor Silas Malafaia, da Assembleia de Deus, o bispo Edir Macedo, da Igreja Universal, e o Monsenhor Jonas Abib, da Comunidade Canção Nova (CN). Após a eleição, Bolsonaro fez demonstrações públicas de agradecimento aos religiosos, tendo comparecido a eventos na Assembleia de Deus e na Chácara Santa Cruz, sede da CN no Vale do Paraíba Paulista, e mais recentemente ao Templo de Salomão, da IURD. A visita à Canção Nova foi marcada por um ritual descrito pelos meios de comunicação como “oração”, mas que corresponde ao complexo ritual de “imposição de mãos”, que inclui, além de rezas, a transferência do Espírito Santo, entidade espiritual que faz parte do processo de constituição da pessoa carismática (Bonfim 2012). O objetivo do artigo é conjugar o aspecto ontológico e ritual da comunicação pneumática contemporânea da Canção Nova dentro das relações entre o religioso e o político, mobilizadas com a ascensão de um governo de direita no Brasil.
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Twele, L., S. Haider, A. Nettel-Aguirre, A. Reslan, F. Belanger, and J. Kellner. "O14 Has the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) reduced hospital visits and admissions for pneumonia in young children in Calgary?" International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 34 (July 2009): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70161-x.
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LEDUC, Francine. "Le rapport canadien Pour l'amour des enfants : autonomie et droits des enfants, groupes de femmes et groupes de père." Lien social et Politiques, no. 44 (October 2, 2002): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/005141ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Au Canada, depuis une trentaine d'années, les politiques sociales et les lois ont soutenu les femmes et leurs enfants sur les questions reliées aux ruptures d'unions conjugales. Ainsi, la perception automatique et la fixation du montant des pensions alimentaires ont consolidé le rôle des mères comme « parent principal » et celui des pères comme « pourvoyeurs ». Les pères revendiquent auprès du gouvernement leur droit à la paternité, qui, selon leur dire, leur est refusé par les mères et les tribunaux canadiens. C'est dans ce contexte que des groupes de pression formés de pères ont réussi à obtenir qu'un Comité parlementaire examine leur situation. Des tensions importantes entre les groupes de pression (groupes de femmes, de mères, de pères, organisations de professionnels) ont caractérisé les travaux du Comité mixte spécial sur la garde et le droit de visite des enfants.
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Jugovic, Aleksandar, and Dragica Bogetic. "Media representations of the prison." Sociologija 60, no. 4 (2018): 769–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1804769j.
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The objective of the paper is to scientifically analyze the media?s portrayal of the prison in the social, cultural and historical context. The method used is content analysis. The paper is based on the pluralistic theoretical orientation of the author grounded in the theory of social constructivism. The prison is most commonly depicted as a place occupied by violent and ?sinful? persons where their vicious behaviour continues, sending a message of the prison as an unparalleled and crucial means of social control of individuals not conformed to the norms of society. Media representations of the prison as a total institution range between two typical simplifying images: one, where this total institution (the ?smug hack? model) is shown as a system that is corrupted, dehumanized and incapable of conducting resocialization and where prisoners are subjected to sexual assaults, physical torture and discrimination by staff or other prisoners; other, or stereotype about ?spoiled prisoners? (the ?country club corrections? model) and prisons as places filled with undeserved privileges for criminals - pleasant work, conjugal visits, love rooms, free time filled with hedonism and fun. Typical representations of the prison as a total institution include it representing a place of social revenge, punishment for serious crimes, violence, loss of freedom, systemic torture, identity destruction, repentance, strengthening of criminal habits and convictions (?education for crime?) and corruption.
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Ekström, Nina, Heidi Åhman, Arto Palmu, Sinikka Grönholm, Terhi Kilpi, and Helena Käyhty. "Concentration and High Avidity of Pneumococcal Antibodies Persist at Least 4 Years after Immunization with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infancy." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 7 (2013): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00039-13.
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ABSTRACTTo provide more extensive evidence of long-term effects of vaccination on immunity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae, a follow-up study of the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) Vaccine Trial was conducted. One of the objectives was to assess the persistence and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies 4 years after pneumococcal vaccination given in infancy. Children with complete follow-up in the FinOM trial up to 24 months of age were invited to a single visit in their fifth year of life. A blood sample was taken from all children for determination of anticapsular antibody concentrations to vaccine serotypes and avidity of antibodies to three serotypes. Children had been vaccinated at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age with 7-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, CRM197 conjugate vaccine (PCV7), or a control vaccine. Serum IgG antibody concentrations to vaccine serotypes remained significantly higher in children who had received PCV7 than in control children for 4 years after the fourth PCV7 dose. Concentrations of antibodies to frequently carried serotypes (6B and 19F) declined less than those of antibodies to a rarely carried serotype (4), suggesting that natural boosting contributed to antibody persistence. Furthermore, antibody avidity was significantly higher in PCV7 than control vaccine recipients. Four doses of PCV7 given in infancy elicit long-lasting antibody responses with high avidity. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00378417.)
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Campbell, Angela P., Constance E. Ogokeh, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, et al. "178. Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-associated Hospitalizations and Emergency Department (ED) Visits Among Children in the United States in the 2019–2020 Season." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S217—S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.488.
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Abstract Background The 2019–20 influenza season was predominated by early onset B/Victoria viruses followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulation. Over 95% of circulating B/Victoria viruses were subclade V1A.3, different from the Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain. Annual estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are important because of frequent changes in circulating and vaccine viruses. Methods We assessed VE among children 6 months–17 years old with acute respiratory illness and &lt;10 days of symptoms enrolled during the 2019–20 influenza season at 7 pediatric hospitals (ED patients &lt; 5 years at 3 sites) in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Combined mid-turbinate/throat swabs were tested for influenza virus using molecular assays. We estimated age-stratified VE from a test-negative design using logistic regression to compare odds of vaccination among children testing positive versus negative for influenza, adjusting for age in years, enrollment month, and site. For these preliminary analyses, vaccination status was by parental report. Results Among 2022 inpatients, 324 (16%) were influenza positive: 38% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 44% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone (Table). Among 2066 ED children, 653 (32%) were influenza positive: 45% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 43% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone. VE was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51%–70%) against any influenza-related hospitalizations, 68% (95% CI, 55%–78%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 55% (95% CI, 35%–69%) for B/Victoria. VE by age group for any influenza-related hospitalizations was 57% (95% CI, 40%–69%) among children 6 months to &lt; 5 years and 66% (95% CI, 49%–77%) among children 5–17 years. VE was 53% (95% CI, 42%–62%) against any influenza-related ED visits, 46% (95% CI, 28%–60%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 54% (95% CI, 39%–66%) for B/Victoria. VE by age group was 52% (95% CI, 37%–63%) among children 6 months to &lt; 5 years and 42% (95% CI, 16%–60%) among children 5–17 years. Conclusion Influenza vaccination in the 2019–20 season provided substantial protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and ED visits associated with the two predominantly circulating influenza viruses among children, including against the emerging B/Victoria virus V1A.3 subclade. Disclosures Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK group of companies (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meissa vaccines (Consultant)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant) John V. Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Advisor or Review Panel member)IDConnect (Advisor or Review Panel member)Quidel (Advisor or Review Panel member) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech (Other Financial or Material Support, I receive an honorarium for lectures - it’s a education grant, supported by genetech)Karius (Consultant)Moderna (Consultant)Quidel (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)Sanofi (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support) Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK (Grant/Research Support, Infant menigiciccal B conjugate vaccine trial)Merck (Research Grant or Support, Infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial)
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Ajibola, Gbolahan, Kara Bennett, Kathleen M. Powis, et al. "Decreased diarrheal and respiratory disease in HIV exposed uninfected children following vaccination with rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244100.
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Background Rotavirus vaccine (RV) and pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) decrease diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence and severity, but there are few data about the effects of these vaccines among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children. Methods We recorded RV and PCV vaccination history in a placebo-controlled trial that studied the need for cotrimoxazole among HEU infants in Botswana (the Mpepu Study). We categorized infants by enrollment before or after the simultaneous April 2012 introduction of RV and PCV, and compared diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia (grade 3/4), hospitalizations, and deaths from both disease conditions through the 12-month study visit by vaccine era/status across two sites (a city and a village) by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results Two thousand six hundred and thirty-five HEU infants were included in this secondary analysis, of these 1689 (64%) were enrolled in Gaborone (344 pre-vaccine, 1345 vaccine) and 946 (36%) in Molepolole (209 pre-vaccine, 737 vaccine). We observed substantial reduction in hazard of hospitalization or death for reason of diarrhea and pneumonia in the vaccine era versus the pre-vaccine era in Molepolole (hazard ratio, HR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.28, 0.71) with smaller reduction in Gaborone (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.45). Similar downward trends were observed for diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia separately during the vaccine versus pre-vaccine era. Conclusions Although temporal confounding cannot be excluded, significant declines in the burden of diarrheal and respiratory illness were observed among HEU children in Botswana following the introduction of RV and PCV. RV and PCV may maximally benefit HEU children in rural areas with higher disease burden.
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Zhou, Xiaofeng, Cynthia de Luise, Michael Gaffney, et al. "National impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on ambulatory care visits for otitis media in children under 5 years in the United States." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 119 (April 2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.023.
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Klein, Rolf, Elmar Langetepe, Barbara Schwarzwald, Christos Levcopoulos, and Andrzej Lingas. "On a Fire Fighter’s Problem." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 30, no. 02 (2019): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054119500023.
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Suppose that a circular fire spreads in the plane at unit speed. A single fire fighter can build a barrier at speed [Formula: see text]. How large must [Formula: see text] be to ensure that the fire can be contained, and how should the fire fighter proceed? We contribute two results. First, we analyze the natural curve [Formula: see text] that develops when the fighter keeps building, at speed [Formula: see text], a barrier along the boundary of the expanding fire. We prove that the behavior of this spiralling curve is governed by a complex function [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are real functions of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] all zeroes are complex conjugate pairs. If [Formula: see text] denotes the complex argument of the conjugate pair nearest to the origin then, by residue calculus, the fire fighter needs [Formula: see text] rounds before the fire is contained. As [Formula: see text] decreases towards [Formula: see text] these two zeroes merge into a real one, so that argument [Formula: see text] goes to 0. Thus, curve [Formula: see text] does not contain the fire if the fighter moves at speed [Formula: see text]. (That speed [Formula: see text] is sufficient for containing the fire has been proposed before by Bressan et al. [6], who constructed a sequence of logarithmic spiral segments that stay strictly away from the fire.) Second, we show that for any curve that visits the four coordinate half-axes in cyclic order, and in increasing distances from the origin the fire can not be contained if the speed [Formula: see text] is less than 1.618…, the golden ratio.