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Journal articles on the topic 'Conjugated Copolymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Jarosz, Tomasz, Karolina Gebka, and Agnieszka Stolarczyk. "Recent Advances in Conjugated Graft Copolymers: Approaches and Applications." Molecules 24, no. 16 (2019): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163019.

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The main goal of this mini review is to summarise the most recent progress in the field of conjugated graft copolymers featuring conjugation across the main chain, across side chains or across both. The main approaches to the synthesis of conjugated graft copolymers are highlighted, and the various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions of their applications are explored.

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2

Cimrová, Věra, Veronika Pokorná, Vagif Dzhabarov, and Drahomír Výprachtický. "Semiconducting Conjugated Copolymer Series for Organic Photonics and Electronics." Materials Science Forum 851 (April 2016): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.851.173.

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Donor–acceptor copolymer series containing 4,6-di (thien-2′-yl) thieno [3,4-c][1,2,5] thiadiazole or its derivatives serving as electron-acceptor units and various electron-donor units such as 9,9-bis (alkyl) fluorene, benzene, bithiophene or carbazole derivatives is reported. These copolymers possess narrow optical band gap in the range of 1.0 - 1.5 eV depending on the character of the donor units. They exhibit relatively high electron affinity. Absorption of copolymer thin films covers the whole visible spectral region extended up to NIR for some copolymers. The influence of side chain natur

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3

Wang, Meng, Dongdong Cai, Jingming Xin, Wei Ma, Qisheng Tu, and Qingdong Zheng. "A ternary conjugated D–A copolymer yields over 9.0% efficiency in organic solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03316h.

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4

Brymora, Katarzyna, Wissem Khelifi, Hussein Awada, et al. "Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of near infrared absorbing copolymers based on dithienosilole." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 21 (2020): 3637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00330a.

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5

Hou, Qiong, Dan Dan Ruan, Lin Tao Hou, and Hong Zhu. "Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of Fluorene-Based Three-Component Red Light-Emitting Copolymers." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1221.

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Novel soluble three-component conjugated copolymers are synthesized by palladium- catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction from 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF), 9-ethylhexylcarbazole (Cz) and 4,7-dithien-2-yl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) with Cz composition varying from 1-15 mol% in the copolymer. All of the polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and are highly photoluminescent. The electrochemical, optical, photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) properties of the copolymers were studied. When the hole transmitting material carbazole is introduced into the copolymer PFO-DBT, the hole m

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6

Lin, Meijuan, Caiping Luo, Guang Xing, Longjie Chen, and Qidan Ling. "Influence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on the luminescence properties of non-conjugated copolymers based on iridium complex and carbazole units." RSC Advances 7, no. 63 (2017): 39512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07316j.

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The non-conjugated copolymers with the carrier-transporting carbazole units, phosphorescence iridium complex units and nano-scale particles POSS were synthesized. The effects of POSS on the performance of copolymer hybrid materials were investigated.

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7

Scherf, Ullrich, Andrea Gutacker, and Nils Koenen. "All-Conjugated Block Copolymers." Accounts of Chemical Research 41, no. 9 (2008): 1086–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar7002539.

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8

Lin, Yen-Hao, Seth B. Darling, Maxim P. Nikiforov, Joseph Strzalka, and Rafael Verduzco. "Supramolecular Conjugated Block Copolymers." Macromolecules 45, no. 16 (2012): 6571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma300829u.

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9

Botta, Chiara, Laura Rossi, Silvia Destri, and Riccardo Tubino. "Photoexcitations in Conjugated Copolymers." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 256, no. 1 (1994): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408039279.

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10

Gutacker, Andrea, Sylwia Adamczyk, Anke Helfer, et al. "All-conjugated polyelectrolyteblock copolymers." J. Mater. Chem. 20, no. 8 (2010): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b918583f.

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11

Jarosz, Tomasz, Karolina Gebka, Kinga Kepska, et al. "Investigation of the Effects of Non-Conjugated Co-Grafts on the Spectroelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties of Novel Conjugated Graft Copolymers Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene)." Polymers 10, no. 10 (2018): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101064.

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A new type of polysiloxane copolymers, with conjugated–regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and non-conjugated-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafts have been synthesised, and their properties have been studied alongside those of the parent conjugated polymer (P3HT). Spectroelectrochemical and conductometric analyses revealed an early rise of the conductance of the polymers. Once spectral changes begin taking place, the conductance is stable, implying a loss of mobility of charge carriers, even though standard doping/dedoping patterns are observed. Prototype bulk heterojunction solar cells

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12

Liu, Tongchao, Dexun Xie, Jinjia Xu, and Chengjun Pan. "Structure and Doping Optimization of IDT-Based Copolymers for Thermoelectrics." Polymers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071463.

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π-conjugated backbones play a fundamental role in determining the thermoelectric (TE) properties of organic semiconductors. Understanding the relationship between the structure–property–function can help us screen valuable materials. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of conjugated copolymers (P1, P2, and P3) based on an indacenodithiophene (IDT) building block. A copolymer (P3) with an alternating donor–acceptor (D-A) structure exhibits a narrower band gap and higher carrier mobility, which may be due to the D-A structure that helps reduce the charge carrier transport obstacl

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13

Gao, Xin, Lei Deng, Jianfeng Hu, and Hao Zhang. "Ferrocene-Containing Conjugated Oligomers Synthesized by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081334.

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A series of conjugated, symmetrical, and ferrocene-containing main-chain monomers was prepared following a gentle coupling reaction. Ferrocene-containing oligomers with all-trans-configured vinylene bonds could be synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. These oligomers had a larger Stokes shift (2400 to 2600 cm−1) and both exhibited stable and reversible electrochemistry. Meanwhile, the copolymerization of 1,1’-bis[1-methyl-2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethenyl]ferrocene with 2,7-divinyl-9,9-dioctylfluorene was achieved. The structurally regular copolymers proved their optical and

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14

Honsho, Yoshihito, Akinori Saeki, and Shu Seki. "Effects of Molecular Structure on Intramolecular Charge Carrier Transport in Dithieno [3,2-b: -d] Pyrrole-Based Conjugated Copolymers." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2012 (April 8, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/983523.

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Intramolecular mobility of positive charge carriers in conjugated polymer films based on dithieno [2,3-b: -d] pyrrole (DTP) is studied by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). A series of DTP homopolymer and copolymers combined with phenyl, 2,-biphenyl, thiophene, 2,-bithiophene, and 9,-dioctylfluorene were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura and Yamamoto coupling reactions. Polymers containing DTP unit are reported to show high value of hole mobility measured by FET method, and this type of polymers is expected to have stable HOMO orbitals which are important for hole transportation. Among t

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15

Schmitt, Cristopher, Heinz-Georg Nothofer, Aurélie Falcou, and Ullrich Scherf. "Conjugated Polyfluorene/Polyaniline Block Copolymers." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 22, no. 8 (2001): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20010501)22:8<624::aid-marc624>3.0.co;2-3.

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16

Guan, Jun, Zejun Sun, Ramin Ansari, et al. "Conjugated Copolymers That Shouldn't Be." Angewandte Chemie 133, no. 20 (2021): 11215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202014932.

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17

Guan, Jun, Zejun Sun, Ramin Ansari, et al. "Conjugated Copolymers That Shouldn't Be." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, no. 20 (2021): 11115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202014932.

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18

Liu, Feng, Yonggang Wu, Chao Wang, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Fully Conjugated Ladder Naphthalene Bisimide Copolymers." Polymers 10, no. 7 (2018): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070790.

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Fully conjugated ladder copolymers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique fused-ring structure and optoelectronic properties. In this study, two fully conjugated ladder naphthalene diimide (NDI) copolymers, P(NDI-CZL) and P(NDI-TTL) with imine-bridged structures are presented in high yields. Both of the two copolymers have good solubility and high thermal stability. The corresponding compounds with the same structure as the copolymers were synthesized as model system. The yields for each step of the synthesis of the model compounds are higher than 95%. These results suggest

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19

Saqafi, Batoul, and Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh. "Specific targeting of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing breast cancer cells by polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethyleneimine modified with anti-HER2 single-domain antibody." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 33, no. 1 (2017): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911517707775.

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Polyethyleneimine is one of the most efficient non-viral gene delivery agents. However, some limitations such as non-specific cell binding, interactions with blood components, and relatively high cytotoxicity restrict its in vivo applications. In order to improve the properties of this molecule as a gene transfection vector, in this study, we developed a nano-carrier system based on polyethyleneimine derivatives synthesized by grafting bi-functional polyethylene glycol molecules (MAL-PEG3500-NHS) to 25 kDa branched polyethyleneimine polymer at three different molar ratios of 10, 20, and 30 (po

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20

Rodriguez, Yeimy J., Luis F. Quejada, Jean C. Villamil, Yolima Baena, Claudia M. Parra-Giraldo та Leon D. Perez. "Development of Amphotericin B Micellar Formulations Based on Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Conjugated with Retinol". Pharmaceutics 12, № 3 (2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030196.

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Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad spectrum of antifungal drug used to treat antifungal diseases. However, due to the high toxicity of AmB, treated patients may suffer the risk of side effects, such as renal failure. Nanoencapsulation strategies have been reported to elicit low toxicity, albeit most of them possess low encapsulation efficiency. The aim of this research is to develop micellar delivery systems for AmB with reduced toxicity while maintaining its affectivity by employing retinol (RET)-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) as precursors. Copolymers composed of poly(ε-caprolac

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21

Luo, Jian Xin, Li Yan Liang, and Man Geng Lu. "Synthesis and Photophysics of Two Dipolar Copolymers Containing Hole-Transporting Unit and Alq₃ Unit." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.875.

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Two novel copolymers combining the electron-transporting group (Alq3), hole-transporting group (carbazole and phenothiazine) and chromophore had been obtained. The copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and UV-vis absorption spectrum, and exhibited good solubility in a wide range of organic solvents such as toluene, THF, chloroform, DMF and DMSO. GPC shows moderate molecular masses of the copolymers around 15000 and a narrower weight distribution (PDI≈1.4). The DSC and TGA measurements indicated that the resulting copolymers have excellent thermal stability and higher glass transition tem

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22

Yu, Yang-Yen, Chung-Yi Hsu, and Guo-You Li. "Synthesis and Morphological Transformation of Conjugated Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers in Mixed Solvents." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/498920.

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The synthesis, morphological transformation, and photophysical properties of a rod-coil block copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)]-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PF-b-P2VP), with P2VP coils of various lengths in a mixed methanol/tetrahydrofuran (MeOH/THF) solvent are reported. Various morphological structures of PF-b-P2VP aggregates, including spheres, short worm-like structures, long cylinders, and large compound micelles (LCMs), were observed after varying the coil length of PF-b-P2VP and the selectivity of mixed solvents. These aggregated structures demonstrated considerable variation w

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23

Soleimani, Abdolrasoul, Mahmoud M. Abd Rabo Moustafa, Aneta Borecki, and Elizabeth R. Gillies. "A comparison of covalent and noncovalent strategies for paclitaxel release using poly(ester amide) graft copolymer micelles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 4 (2015): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0349.

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Micelles formed from amphiphilic copolymers are promising for the delivery of drug molecules, potentially leading to enhanced properties and efficacies. Critical aspects of these systems include the use of biocompatible, biodegradable polymer backbones as well as the ability to control the incorporation of drugs and their release rates. In this work, a poly(ester amide)–poly(ethylene oxide) graft copolymer with paclitaxel conjugated via ester linkages was prepared and assembled into micelles. For comparison, micelles with physically encapsulated paclitaxel were also prepared. The release rates

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24

REMIL, ABDERRAHMANNE, YOUNES MOUCHAAL, ABDELKARIM BENDOUKHA REGUIG, et al. "SYNTHESIS OF NEW NITROBENZYLIDENE DERIVATIVES AND PYRROLE-BASED COPOLYMERS FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS: EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENT ON OPTO-ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF DIP-COATED THIN FILMS." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 06 (2018): 1850116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501160.

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The mastery of the optoelectronic properties of conjugated copolymers by substituting their radicals is a promising way for increasing the light absorption and charge career transport in the organic devices active layer. In this paper, we present the chemical synthesis of four different conjugated benzaldehyde derivatives and pyrrole-based copolymers (P–P:B) followed by their conception in thin films on glass substrates by dip coating root from a solution in dichloromethane. UV–Vis measurements showed absorption in good part of the visible region, with an optical gap around 2 eV. Morphological

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25

Leysen, Pieter, Stien Vertommen, and Guy Koeckelberghs. "Chiral expression in conjugated helical block copolymers." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 13 (2019): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01490f.

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26

Wu, Jhong-Sian, Sheng-Wen Cheng, Yen-Ju Cheng, and Chain-Shu Hsu. "Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on multifused ladder-type arenes for organic solar cells." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 5 (2015): 1113–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00250d.

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27

Chao, Ying-Chieh, Jhe-Han Chen, Yi-Jie Chiou, et al. "Design of Thienothiophene-Based Copolymers with Various Side Chain-End Groups for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122964.

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Three two-dimensional donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers consisting of a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene derivative and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with a conjugated side chain were designed and synthesized for use in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) or nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). Through attaching various acceptor end groups to the conjugated side chain on the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety, the electronic, photophysical, and morphological properties of these copolymers were significantly affected. It was found that the intermolecular charge transfer interactions were enhanced with the incre

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28

Komarov, P. V., P. O. Baburkin, V. A. Ivanov, Show-An Chen, and A. R. Khokhlov. "Controlling morphology of polymer photoactive layer in photovoltaic elements: mesoscopic simulation." Доклады Академии наук 485, no. 1 (2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652485153-57.

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A concept of fabrication of well-organized conductive pathways in CP/NP blends in photovoltaic devices. It is assumed that to succeed in this task, one can use the property of AB diblock copolymers that, depending on the chemical structure of A and B blocks and the ratio between their lengths, these copolymers undergo microphase separation in bulk to form thermodynamically stable domains of cubic symmetry with 3D periodicity. Using a mesoscale simulation technique, we demonstrated that the morphology of the photoactive layer of photovoltaic devices can be controlled by selecting the surface NP

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29

Li, Yong, Kuldeep Shetye, Khagendra Baral, et al. "Main-chain polyoxometalate-containing donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers: synthesis, characterization, morphological studies and applications in single-component photovoltaic cells." RSC Advances 6, no. 36 (2016): 29909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03251f.

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30

Kudryashova, E. V., K. V. Suhoverkov, and N. N. Sokolov. "PEG-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of erwinia carotovora recombinant L-asparaginase." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 61, no. 4 (2015): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20156104480.

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A new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora (EwA), a promising antitumor agent. New branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, designated as PEG-chitosan, have been synthesized. PEG-chitosan copolymers were further conjugated with EwA. In order to optimize the catalytic properties of asparaginase two types of conjugates differing in their architecture have been synthesized: (1) crow

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31

Wang, Mengqi, Xiaowu Jiang, Yanjing Luo, Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, and Xiulin Zhu. "Facile synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polystyrene copolymers mediated by an iniferter agent using a single methodology." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 38 (2017): 5918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01222e.

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32

Nakajima, Kuniharu, та Hiromasa Goto. "Preparation of Network π-Conjugated Copolymers with Ullmann Type Polycondensation". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 25 (січень 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.25.33.

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Ullmann type polycondensations in the presence of CuI and a base were carried out to afford network type π-conjugated copolymers. Infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements and surface observation using a scanning electron microscopy are carried out. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the cross-linked copolymers thus obtained contain small amount of copper. This polymerization conveniently allows production of network π-conjugated polymers. The polymer can be expected to have thermo-resistance.

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33

Bai, Lubing, Yamin Han, Chen Sun, et al. "Unveiling the Effects of Interchain Hydrogen Bonds on Solution Gelation and Mechanical Properties of Diarylfluorene-Based Semiconductor Polymers." Research 2020 (September 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/3405826.

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The intrinsically rigid and limited strain of most conjugated polymers has encouraged us to optimize the extensible properties of conjugated polymers. Herein, learning from the hydrogen bonds in glucose, which were facilitated to the toughness enhancement of cellulose, we introduced interchain hydrogen bonds to polydiarylfluorene by amide-containing side chains. Through tuning the copolymerization ratio, we systematically investigated their influence on the hierarchical condensed structures, rheology behavior, tensile performances, and optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. Compared

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34

Fei, Zhuping, Yang Han, Jaime Martin, et al. "Conjugated Copolymers of Vinylene Flanked Naphthalene Diimide." Macromolecules 49, no. 17 (2016): 6384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01423.

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35

Sun, S., Z. Fan, Y. Wang, et al. "Conjugated Block Copolymers for Opto-Electronic Functions." Synthetic Metals 137, no. 1-3 (2003): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)01124-4.

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36

Brouwer, H. J., A. Hilberer, V. V. Krasnikov, M. Werts, J. Wildeman, and G. Hadziioannou. "LEDs based on conjugated PPV block copolymers." Synthetic Metals 84, no. 1-3 (1997): 881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(96)04193-8.

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37

Ying, Lei, Ben B. Y. Hsu, Hongmei Zhan та ін. "Regioregular Pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole π-Conjugated Copolymers". Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, № 46 (2011): 18538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja207543g.

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38

Wang, Hengbin, Man-Kit Ng, Liming Wang, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Conjugated Diblock Copolymers." Chemistry - A European Journal 8, no. 14 (2002): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20020715)8:14<3246::aid-chem3246>3.0.co;2-h.

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39

Xiao, Xing, Yaqin Fu, Minghao Sun, Lin Li, and Zhishan Bo. "Synthesis and characterization of conjugated triblock copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 12 (2007): 2410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22003.

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40

Wang, Hengbin, Wei You, Ping Jiang, Luping Yu, and H. Hau Wang. "Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Conjugated Diblock Copolymers." Chemistry - A European Journal 10, no. 4 (2004): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200305554.

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41

Thilanga Liyanage, A. D., Begoña Milián-Medina, Bei Zhang, Johannes Gierschner, and Mark D. Watson. "¿Conjugated? Copolymers from a Pechmann Dye Derivative." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 217, no. 18 (2016): 2068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201600175.

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42

Maier, J. Charlie, and Nicholas E. Jackson. "Sequence-Controlled Electron Transport in Conjugated Copolymers." Macromolecules 54, no. 15 (2021): 7060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01194.

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43

Jin, Jing, Jian Peng Xue, Si Si Cui, Jie Cao, Dong Yin Zhang, and Yue Qing Gu. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Folate-Conjugated Themoresponsive Micelles." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.555.

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In this study, a amphiphilic copolymer, poly ((N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylamide-co- (octadecylacrylate)-co-(Falate-(polyethyleneglycol)-(acrylicacid)))(P(NIPA-co-AAm-co-ODA-co-FPA)) micelles was synthesized by free radical random copolymerization. The obtained amphiphilic copolymers were self-assembled into micelles, which exhibited thermally sensitivity. LCST of the micelles was detected by uv-vis spectrophotometer. The diameter and morphology of micelles were determined by laser particle size analyzer (LPSA) and transmittance electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The micelle with a di

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44

Jarosz, Tomasz, Agnieszka Stolarczyk та Karolina Glosz. "Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Copolymers Bearing π-Conjugated Systems and Methods for the Identification of their Structure". Current Organic Chemistry 24, № 4 (2020): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824666200221112907.

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The main goal of this review is to summarise the most recent progress in the electrochemical synthesis of copolymers from conjugated co-monomers. The main approaches to electrochemical copolymerisation are highlighted and various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions of their applications are explored. The article includes a discussion of various Authors’ approaches to investigate the structure of the obtained products, indicating the key points of interest and the importance of comprehensive identification of the products of electrochemical polymeris

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45

Schiefer, Daniel, Ralf Hanselmann, and Michael Sommer. "All-conjugated P3HT donor PCDTBT acceptor graft copolymers synthesised via a grafting through approach." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 30 (2017): 4368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00612h.

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46

Li, Bing Jun, and Qing Xu. "Highly Solution-Processible Red Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers Based on Benzothiadiazole." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.39.

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A series of high molecular weight，readily soluble conjugated copolymers derived from 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF) and 4,7-di(3- hexylthien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DHTBT) were designed and synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with different ratios of DOF to DHTBT. Thermal stability, solubility, absorption spectra, photoluminescent spectra and electrochemical of the copolymers were investigated in detail. In the solid film, these copolymers showed saturated red light. These properties made them potential soluble red light-emitting candidates for polymer light-emitting

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Wang, Meng, Di Ma, Keli Shi, et al. "The role of conjugated side chains in high performance photovoltaic polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 6 (2015): 2802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05445h.

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Four new D–A type copolymers, namely, PBDT-DFQX-PP, PBDT-DFQX-TP, PBDT-DFQX-PT and PBDT-DFQX-TT, were designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of conjugated side chain pattern on photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers.

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Nayebsadrian, M., J. Varshosaz, F. Hassanzadeh, H. Sadeghi, M. Banitalebi, and M. Rostami. "Screening the Most Effective Variables on Physical Properties of Folate-Targeted Dextran/Retinoic Acid Micelles by Taguchi Design." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/860691.

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Amphiphilic copolymers with self-assembling properties produce micelles in aqueous solutions and are made of two hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. The objective of this study was optimization of the production of folate-conjugated dextran/retinoic acid (DEX/RA) micelles of doxorubicin. Micelles were prepared by direct dissolution method, and different effective parameters on their production were studied by a Taguchi design. The studied variables included CMC of the copolymer, polymer and drug contents, DEX Mw, stirring time, and rate and temperature. The effects of variables on responses

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Wei, Congyuan, Weifeng Zhang, Yankai Zhou та ін. "High-performance ternary π-conjugated copolymers containing diarylethylene units: synthesis, properties, and study of substituent effects on molecular aggregation and charge transport characteristics". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, № 2 (2019): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04940h.

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Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya, Maria Sygletou, Emmanuel Kymakis, et al. "The role of the ethynylene bond on the optical and electronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers." RSC Adv. 4, no. 102 (2014): 58404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11487f.

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