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Journal articles on the topic 'Conjunctival injection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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Kim, Dong Hyun, Hee Kyung Yang, Sang Beom Han, and Jeong-Min Hwang. "Effect of Topical Brimonidine 0.15% on Conjunctival Injection after Strabismus Surgery in Children." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574194.

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Purpose. To investigate the effects of topical brimonidine 0.15% instillation on conjunctival injection after strabismus surgery in children. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 63 Korean children who underwent strabismus surgery for intermittent exotropia. Patients received topical brimonidine 0.15% after surgery for up to 4 weeks. Conjunctival injection was objectively assessed using a software that automatically scored the region of interest from the image of the bulbar conjunctiva. Conjunctival injection scores were compared with those of the control group who were not prescribed topical brimonidine. Results. The mean scores of conjunctival injection after rectus muscle recession and resection were significantly lower in the brimonidine group than the controls at 4 weeks after surgery ( P = 0.008 and 0.046 , respectively). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups. No adverse effects, such as dry mouth, fatigue/drowsiness, headache, sedation, hypotension, or bradycardia, were reported. Conclusions. Administration of topical brimonidine 0.15% after strabismus surgery is efficacious and safe in reducing postoperative conjunctival injection.

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Zahavi, Alon, and John R. Grigg. "Hyaluronidase injection for improved tissue dissection in Baerveldt tube surgery." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 3 (2017): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5001065.

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Purpose: To describe a novel technique for tissue dissection during Baerveldt tube surgery. Methods: We present a technique for posterior dissection of conjunctiva and Tenon tissue for the placement of a glaucoma drainage device. Hyaluronidase is used in the early stages of surgery in order to minimize tissue trauma and facilitate easy dissection even through existing adhesions and conjunctival scarring. Results: The technique facilitates convenient dissection through tissues. We did not experience any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusions: The described technique has substantial advantages for Baerveldt tube surgery, specifically in cases of previous ocular surgery and subsequent conjunctival scarring. It is safe and easy to perform, and should be considered in cases of glaucoma drainage device implantation surgeries.

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Fujishima, Hiroshi, Naoko Okada, Kenji Matsumoto, Eisuke Shimizu, Shinji Fukuda, and Masaru Tomita. "Conjunctival Injection Reduction in Patients with Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis Due to Synergic Effect of Bovine Enteric-Coated Lactoferrin in 0.1% Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Suspension." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (2020): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103093.

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Lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, is reported to have immunoregulatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether enteric-coated LF (eLF) could improve symptoms in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single-center trial comprised Japanese patients (n = 20; aged 22–60 years) with AKC. Patients treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension (TALYMUS®) were administered eLF (400 mg/d of bovine LF) or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Conjunctival injection was examined, papillae formation in the palpebral conjunctiva was evaluated, and corneal fluorescein score, itchy sensation in end-point itching scale, and serum allergic parameters were assessed. Conjunctival injection was significantly reduced in the LF group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0017, Mann–Whitney U-test). Papillae formation in the palpebral conjunctiva showed a statistical decrease in the LF group than in the placebo group (p = 0.010, unpaired T-test). LF combined with TALYMUS® could be a promising treatment strategy to mitigate AKC.

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Reynolds, Margaret M., Sharon L. Mercill, Amber L. Wirkus, Kerryl Greenwood Quaintance, and Jose S. Pulido. "Topical proparacaine eye drops to improve the experience of patients undergoing intravitreal injections: A randomized controlled trial." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (2020): 1454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672120902026.

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Purpose: We sought to evaluate whether additional topical anesthetic, specifically proparacaine 0.5%, improved patient experience with intravitreal injections without hindering antisepsis. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted including 36 eyes of 36 patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Patients were randomized to treatment with additional topical proparacaine 0.5% versus control after undergoing informed consent. All patients prior to intravitreal injection underwent conjunctival culture after one drop of topical proparacaine 0.5% was placed. Half of patients then received an additional drop of proparacaine and then underwent a second conjunctival culture. The other half of patients had a drop of povidone iodine and then a second conjunctival culture. Intravitreal injection followed conjunctival cultures. To evaluate their experience, patients were provided with a survey. Results: In total, 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had positive conjunctival cultures after proparacaine eye drops alone. One of 17 (5.8%) patients had a positive conjunctival culture after a second drop of proparacaine. One of 19 (5.3%) patients had a positive culture after proparacaine and povidone iodine. By noninferiority analysis, proparacaine was inferior to povidone iodine ( p = .28). Patient experience surveys did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Patient perception did not significantly differ whether or not additional proparacaine drops were used prior to intravitreal injection in a randomized controlled trial. While proparacaine has some antiseptic properties, these were found to be inferior to those of povidone iodine. Therefore, while povidone iodine is essential for antisepsis, additional proparacaine drops should not interfere with antisepsis.

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Ageeva, Elena Vladimirovna, Anna Evgen'yevna Grodnenskaya, and Kseniya Aleksandrovna Popova. "The role of preventive topical antibiotic treatment prior to intravitreal injection." Ophthalmology journal 8, no. 2 (2015): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov2015279-83.

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Treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) requires frequent intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, sometimes on monthly basis during a long period of time. Endophthalmitis is a rare but extremely severe complication of intravitreal injections. As it has been proven before, the flora from the conjunctival surface is the main source for endophthalmitis. Using Povidone-iodine solution (Betadine10 % Povidone-iodine, EGIS PHARMACEUTICALS) is the only way to prevent endophthalmitis. The efficacy of it was proven by numerous studies. No evidence exists that topical antibiotiotics prior and after injections could be effective for prevention of endophthalmitis. Purpose: To study the advisability of topical antibiotic application before intravitreal injection. Materials and methods: Under investigation, there were 25 eyes of 25 patients with wet AMD treated by anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. All patients used topical antibiotics 3 days before injection. Conjunctival culture from injection eye was collected three times: before topical antibiotic use; after topical antibiotic use, and after Betadine 5 % application. Results: The rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis before and after topical antibiotic use were approximately equal. However there was no Staphylococcus epidermidis found after Betadine 5 % application. Conclusion: Our study showed the effectiveness of Betadine 5 % solution in conjunctival flora reduction. Use of topical antibiotics 3 days prior intravitreal injections is not effective. Key words: age-related macular degeneration; endophthalmitis; intravitreal injection; topical antibiotics; endophthalmitis prevention.

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Jana, Subhasis, Sumi Ghorai, Asim K Dey, and Mousumi Banerjee. "Primary Pterygium Surgery: An Alternative Method Utilizing Conjunctival Tissue Over Thepterygium Itself Retaining its Own Vascular Supply." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 12 (2022): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.141206.

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ntroduction: The gold standard management of pterygium is pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft utilizing the superior bulbar conjunctiva, but its preservation is essential for future glaucoma surgery. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the outcome and complications of primary pterygium excision utilising the conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself to cover the bare area retaining its own vascular supply and to preserve the superior bulbar conjunctiva for future uses. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective non-comparative study, 42 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision utilising conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself maintaining its original position and retaining its vascular supply for the period of 2018-2020. Methodology: In this technique two conjunctival incisions were given, one at the neck of the pterygium and other at 5-5.5 mm away from the limbus. The underlying fibrovascular tissue was separated and removed. Conjunctival tissue was placed in its normal position over the bare sclera maintaining its own vascular supply. Results: Mean age of the study population was 44.86 ± 11.68 years. Mean follow-up period was 12.62 ± 3.96 months. No recurrence was detected in the follow-up periods. The main two complications were subconjunctival injection and graft edema which were 100% and 33.33% respectively. Conclusion: This study results provide that utilization of the conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself with retaining its own vascular supply can be a useful alternative technique for the management of primary pterygium and thus the superior bulbar conjunctiva can be preserved for future uses.

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Hernandez-Siman, Jonathan, Kyle Marra, and Jorge Arroyo. "Sub-conjunctival lidocaine injection before intravitreal injection." Survey of Ophthalmology 59, no. 6 (2014): 672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.01.008.

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Reibaldi, Michele, Teresio Avitabile, Francesco Bandello, et al. "The Effectiveness of 0.6% Povidone Iodine Eye Drops in Reducing the Conjunctival Bacterial Load and Needle Contamination in Patients Undergoing Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injection: A Prospective, Randomized Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7 (2019): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071031.

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The study purpose was to assess the efficacy of a preservative-free 0.6% povidone iodine eye drops as perioperative prophylactic treatment for reducing conjunctival bacterial load and the rate of needle contamination in patients undergoing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Enrolled patients were randomized to either the study group (0.6% povidone iodine, three day-prophylactic treatment before the injection) or to the control group (placebo, three day-prophylactic treatment). Conjunctival swabs were obtained before and after the prophylactic treatment in both groups. Intravitreal injections were performed in a sterile fashion. The injection needle and a control needle were collected for microbiological culture. Data from 254 and 253 eyes in the study group and control group, respectively, were analyzed. Bacterial growth from conjunctival swab cultures was significantly lower after 0.6% povidone iodine prophylaxis compared to baseline and to placebo prophylaxis (p < 0.001), showing an 82% eradication rate in the study group. No injection needle showed bacterial contamination in the study group, whereas six needles were culture-positive in the control group (p = 0.015). No serious ocular and non-ocular adverse events were recorded. The 0.6% povidone iodine solution proved an effective treatment in reducing conjunctival bacterial load and risk of needle contamination.

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Liechty, Jacob J., Michael J. Wilkinson, and Esther M. Bowie. "Assessment of Intravitreal Injection Training among U.S.-Based Ophthalmology Residents." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 11, no. 01 (2019): e43-e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688912.

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Purpose To describe the intravitreal injection training of ophthalmology residents in the United States in 2018. Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods An anonymous, 29-question, internet-based survey was emailed to 119 ophthalmology residency program directors with the instructions to forward the survey to their ophthalmology residents. Results A total of 117 ophthalmology residents (7.89%) responded to the survey. The majority of residents stated that their intravitreal injection training began during their first year of ophthalmology training, PGY 2 year, (92.3%). The majority of residents performed at least 25 injections per year (78.6%). All residents use antiseptic on the conjunctiva prior to the injection, 94% use a lid speculum, and 84.6% avoided talking in the procedure room. Most injections are performed with gloves (83.8%). A minority of residents stated that they are trained to use povidone-iodine on the eyelids prior to performing an injection (45.3%). Only 6.0% of residents claimed to use postinjection antibiotic drops. Performance of bilateral, simultaneous intravitreal injections was split with nearly half of residents not being trained in this method (47.9%). Conclusion Ophthalmology residents from across the country experience a variety of different injection protocols when being trained on how to perform intravitreal injections. Conjunctival antisepsis has reached a clear consensus while topics such as simultaneous, bilateral injections and eyelid antisepsis are still uncertain among the resident community.

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Wei, Shanshan, Yuexin Wang, Faqiang Shi, Siman Sun, and Xuemin Li. "Developing a Deep Learning Model to Evaluate Bulbar Conjunctival Injection with Color Anterior Segment Photographs." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (2023): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020715.

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The present research aims to evaluate the feasibility of a deep-learning model in identifying bulbar conjunctival injection grading. Methods: We collected 1401 color anterior segment photographs demonstrating the cornea and bulbar conjunctival. The ground truth was bulbar conjunctival injection scores labeled by human ophthalmologists. Two convolutional neural network-based models were constructed and trained. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Kappa, and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the deep learning models. The micro-average and macro-average AUC values for model grading bulbar conjunctival injection were 0.98 and 0.98, respectively. The deep learning model achieved a high accuracy of 87.12%, a precision of 87.13%, a recall of 87.12%, an F1-score of 87.07%, and Cohen’s Kappa of 0.8153. The deep learning model demonstrated excellent performance in evaluating the severity of bulbar conjunctival injection, and it has the potential to help evaluate ocular surface diseases and determine disease progression and recovery.

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Koylu, Mehmet, Gokcen Gokce, and Yusuf Uysal. "Unexpected cause of conjunctival injection." Saudi Medical Journal 36, no. 4 (2015): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.4.11342.

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Agrawal, Shishir, Jaya Agrawal, and Trilok Prakash Agrawal. "Conjunctival ulceration following triamcinolone injection." American Journal of Ophthalmology 136, no. 3 (2003): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00320-9.

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Woo, Jongjin, Gi-Won Nam, Han-beet Kim, et al. "Long-term Observation of Therapeutic Effect of Onabotulinumtoxin A on Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 42, no. 4 (2024): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2024.0037.

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Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by severe intractable stabbing headache and accompanying tearing and conjunctival injections. In this report, we present a case of a patient with SUNCT who achieved sustained remarkable improvement more than 6 months following successful treatment with a single session of botulinum toxin A, after being refractory or intolerant to several preventives for 4 months.

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Huang, Lillian Y., and Albert O. Edwards. "Acute Bacterial Tenonitis and Conjunctivitis following Intravitreal Injection." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 12, no. 1 (2021): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511862.

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A 73-year-old man presented 3 days after intravitreal injection (IVI) with bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with pain and redness around the injection site. Examination showed conjunctival edema and injection around the injection site and a central infiltrate at the injection site consistent with infection of Tenon’s capsule and the conjunctiva. Infection of a vitreous wick was considered, but vitreous inflammation was not present. Acute bacterial tenonitis and conjunctivitis were diagnosed, and the patient was prescribed topical antibiotic drops. The patient’s symptoms were resolved within 48 h following the use of topical antibiotic drops, so a culture was not performed. The patient did not develop endophthalmitis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute bacterial tenonitis and conjunctivitis of the injection site following IVI. Even with the use of betadine, infection of Tenon’s capsule and the conjunctiva may occur after IVI and must be differentiated from other causes of postinjection ocular redness such as chemical irritation of the ocular surface, corneal abrasions, and endophthalmitis.

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Nguyen, Chu Luan, Tony S. Chen, Khoi Tran, James E. H. Smith, and Noni Lewis. "Simultaneous Subconjunctival Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Injections for Management of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in Children." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2018 (June 5, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2602487.

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Purpose. To report the efficacy of subconjunctival triamcinolone (Kenalog A-40, Alcon) and bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) injections in fraternal twins with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) causing progressive, bilateral corneal neovascularization and scarring. Methods. In this retrospective observational case series, two three-year-old male twins with BKC had presented with bilateral red eyes, photophobia, and frequent blinking. Examination of each child showed bilateral deep stromal and superficial corneal neovascularization, corneal infiltrates, multiple follicles on the palpebral conjunctiva bilaterally with blepharitis, and thick turbid sebum expressed from the Meibomian glands. Their disease progressed despite conventional treatment. Both twins were managed with subconjunctival triamcinolone injection and subconjunctival bevacizumab injection of each eye. Results. The treatment resulted in improvement of symptoms, and examination over an 8-10-month period postinjections showed fading stromal corneal infiltrates, partially regressed corneal neovascularization, and reduced conjunctival injection without complications. Conclusion. This case series highlights the potential vision threatening complications of BKC. In addition to conventional management options, this report is the first published use of subconjunctival triamcinolone and bevacizumab injections for BKC in children in an attempt to minimize and improve corneal neovascularization and scarring and subsequently to retain useful vision.

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Minhas, Shailender, Rajeev Tuli, and Gaurav Sharma. "Clinical presentation of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 9 (2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20193764.

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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly associated with a personal or family history of atopy. It is characterized by severe itching, foreign body sensation, thick ropy discharge, photophobia and conjunctival injection. VKC has palpebral, limbal and mixed forms. The classical conjunctival sign in palpebral VKC is the presence of giant papillae, which are predominantly seen on the superior tarsal conjunctiva. The limbal form occurs in dark skinned individuals and the papillae tend to occur at the limbus and have a thick gelatinous appearance. Clinical findings and laboratory investigations support the presence of IgE mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Involvement of CD4 T helper (Th2) driven type IV hypersensitivity has also been confirmed. There has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic disorders in recent years and exaggerated manifestations of these diseases have been recognized in patients living with Human immunodeficiency virus.

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Jeong, Jee Hyun, Kyung Tae Kang, and Yu Cheol Kim. "Ocular Inflammation with Use of Oral Bisphosphonates." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 66, no. 2 (2025): 128–31. https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2025.66.2.128.

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Purpose: To report a case of ocular inflammation after bisphosphonate use in a patient with osteoporosis.Case summary: A 54-year-old female presented to our clinic with eye pain and conjunctival and episcleral vessel injection in both eyes for 1 month. The patient was diagnosed with osteoporosis by the Department of Endocrinology 7 weeks ago and prescribed risedronate, a bisphosphonate. After using risedronate for 3 weeks, the patient developed generalized body pain, eye pain, and conjunctival injection. Slit lamp examination demonstrated conjunctival injection, whereas fundus examination did not reveal any cells in the anterior chamber or any other abnormal findings. Subsequently, risedronate was discontinued, which relieved the pain. At the 2-month follow-up visit in the outpatient department, the patient was asymptomatic, and there was no conjunctival injection.Conclusions: Bisphosphonates can lead to ocular adverse effects, which should be considered in patients with osteoporosis presenting with nonspecific ocular inflammation.

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Ersan, Ismail, Aydin Yildiz, Ismail Ersan, and Aydin Yildiz. "Reflux after intravitreal injection: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study." Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System 10, no. 1 (2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2020.10.00376.

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Purpose: To investigate the intraocular pressure and conjunctival thickness changes following the intravitreal injection Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients having intravitreal injection for age-related macular degeneration, macular edema associated with diabetes, central retinal vein occlusion, and branch retinal vein occlusion were enrolled. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Tonopen-Avia (Reichert Inc., NY, USA) in sitting position and five superior-temporal conjunctival images were obtained using the Anterior Segment 5 Line Raster scanning protocol of Cirrus HD-OCT 4000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) just before the intravitreal injection. 0.05 ml bevacizumab with 27-gauge needle, 0.05 ml ranibizumab with 30-gauge needle, or dexamethasone implant with 23-gauge needle was injected into the vitreous cavity. The second IOP measurements and OCT measurements were taken within 5 mins of injection. Results: The ranibizumab group included 25 subjects, the bevacizumab group included 23 subjects, and the dexamethasone group included 12 subjects. IOP increases following intravitreal injection were significantly higher in ranibizumab and bevacizumab groups compared with Dexamethasone implant group (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Although, the increase of conjunctival thickness following the intravitreal injection was highest in Dexamethasone implant group, the differences between the groups did not reach statistically significance (p=0.153). Conclusion: A higher IOP elevation is observed if a small-gauge needle is used for intravitreal injection. The conjunctival thickness changes following the intravitreal injection did not differ between the groups

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Valverde, R., L. Calzado, and F. Vanaclocha. "Vesicular Eruption Associated With Conjunctival Injection." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 99, no. 2 (2008): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1578-2190(08)70217-8.

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Thadasina, Meenal, Peter Paul Lim, Jaskirat Takhar, Margaret Kuper-Sasse, and David Zhang. "Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis caused by Escherichia coli in a newborn." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 11 (January 2023): 2050313X2311599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x231159964.

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Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, caused by inflammation of the conjunctiva, is characterized by conjunctival injection, mucopurulent discharge, and formation of a thin membrane overlying the conjunctiva. This is often caused by a viral or bacterial infection. This case report discusses pseudomembranous conjunctivitis from Escherichia coli in a newborn infant which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in relevant literature. This infection was likely transmitted perinatally given that the mother of the infant had blood cultures growing E. coli with the same susceptibilities as the newborn. In addition, we discuss relevant literature on the subject including etiologies, management, and complications of pseudomembranous conjunctivitis.

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Krivolapova, D. A., A. Y. Andreev, A. M. Subbot, and E. O. Osidak. "Collagen matrix in conjunctival reconstruction: evaluation of morphofunctional results in vivo." Modern technologies in ophtalmology 60, no. 2 (2025): 267–68. https://doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2025-2-267-268.

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Relevance Pathological conditions associated with conjunctival damage occur with the proliferation of fibrous tissue, scarring of the fornices and their shortening, which can lead to the development of erosions and ulcers of the cornea [1, 2]. Various modifications of surgical methods and the developing field of tissue engineering offer promising modern approaches to the replacement of conjunctival defects [3–5]. Objective To evaluate the healing process of bulbar conjunctival defects in an in vivo experiment after collagen membrane (CM) transplantation. Material and methods The studies were conducted at the Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases. The experiment involved 16 female Chinchilla rabbits (32 eyes) aged 6 months and weighing 3.5 kg. During the operation, the animals underwent transplantation of Viscoll CM with a collagen concentration of 30 mg/ml and a thickness of 100 μm into the conjunctival defect zone. Biomicroscopy with photo registration, staining of the ocular surface with fluorescein, optical coherence tomography on a SOLIX tomograph (Optovue, USA) in the Corneal line mode on the 1st, 7th, 14th day, 1, 3 and 6 months after transplantation and histological examination after 1, 3 and 6 months from the beginning of the experiment were performed. Results Moderate conjunctival injection in the experimental group took place on the 7th day. OCT showed the presence of conjunctival epithelium in the form of a strip of hyporeflective tissue covering the hyperreflective zone of the transplant. Histological examination showed complete replacement of CM with newly formed tissue covered with multilayered flat nonkeratinizing epithelium of varying thickness with migration of conjunctival cells into the thickness of newly formed tissue, as well as the absence of fibrous tissue. Conclusion Replacement of conjunctival defects with CM promotes the process of cell migration into the structure of the material while maintaining the epitheliomorphic structure and intercellular contacts, which indicates the biocompatibility of the material under study and creates the prerequisites for its further use in clinical practice to eliminate conjunctival defects. Key words: conjunctiva; conjunctival reconstruction; tissue engineering; conjunctival epithelium; collagen

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Hussain, Nazimul. "Conjunctival Pigmentation at the Sclerotomy Site following 23 G Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil Injection." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2022 (November 29, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4978924.

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54-year-old gentleman undergoing 23 Gauge vitrectomy with silicone oil injection developing conjunctival pigmentation at one of the entry sites of trocar and cannula 1 week postoperative. The conjunctival tissue was biopsied at the time of silicone oil removal and correlated histopathological. Biopsy of the conjunctival tissue showed intracellular and stromal melanin pigments. This report highlights conjunctival pigmentation in suture less entry site and silicone oil as intraocular tamponade than earlier published reports of with or without intraocular gas tamponade.

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Mohamad Rusli, Nur Hafeela, Safinaz Mohd Khialdin, and Jemaima Che-Hamzah. "Autologous blood injection: alternative treatment for bleb leak." Malaysian Journal of Ophthalmology 4, no. 2 (2022): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/myjo.v4i2.265.

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Background: To report a case of post-glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery with multiple small conjunctival defects treated with autologous blood injection.Case presentation: A 28-year-old female with a history of juvenile open-angle glaucoma who had undergone multiple glaucoma surgeries with antimetabolite injections for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) of the left eye since 2006 underwent Baerveldt glaucoma implantation in 2017. One year postoperatively, she experienced persistent hypotony, which could not be resolved with a scleral bandage contact lens. Ocular examination revealed visual acuity of 6/9 and IOP of 8 mmHg. Multiple leakage points were identified with fluorescein at the junction between the plate and the tube. Subconjunctival injection of 1 ml autologous blood was administered near the conjunctival defects. Five months postoperatively, the leakage was sealed with IOP of 12 mmHg.Conclusion: Autologous blood injection can be used as an alternative procedure for treating leaking blebs after a GDD surgery.

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Rodríguez-Avila, J. Oswaldo, Dolores Ríos y Valles-Valles, Ivette Hernández-Ayuso, Abelardo A. Rodríguez-Reyes, Virgilio Morales Cantón, and Linda A. Cernichiaro-Espinosa. "Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent ocular globe penetration and vitreous involvement: Clinico-pathological correlation and scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 5 (2019): NP18—NP22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119850076.

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Purpose: The aim is to report a case of conjunctival tattooing with inadvertent injection of tattoo ink into the vitreous cavity and its consequences, the scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis of the ink components, and the microscopic findings of the affected conjunctiva and vitreous. Methods: Descriptive case report. Results: A 32-year-old man complained of ocular pain and blurred vision after undergoing a subconjuctival red ink tattoo in his left eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed best corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and intraocular pressure of 26 mmHg. Pain was elicited with eye movements. The bulbar conjunctiva was colored intense red. In the anterior chamber, pigment granules and filaments were suspended on the aqueous humor, and lens capsule was also stained red. Ultrasonography showed high-density non-mobile echoes in the conjunctiva; anterior chamber and vitreous cavity revealed high-density mobile echoes corresponding to pigment particles. Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent globe penetration was the clinical diagnosis. The patient received medical and surgical treatment. Histopathological examination of the conjunctiva showed red pigment globular deposits within the stroma, and neutrophils and sparse histiocytes with similar intracytoplasmic pigment granules were seen. No granulomatous foreign body reaction was noticed. Vitreous material contained pigment granules; no inflammatory cells were observed. Scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis of the tattoo red ink revealed significant signals of iron, barium, and copper. Conclusion: Conjunctival tattoo is a new form of body decoration gaining worldwide popularity. This procedure is performed by untrained professionals causing severe ocular complications including blindness. Safety regarding tattoo ink needs further study as the composition varies among colors. Strict regulations on this matter should be considered.

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Diltoer, Eva, and Marcel P. M. ten Tusscher. "Breast Cancer Metastasis Presenting as Conjunctival Chemosis." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 6, no. 3 (2015): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442519.

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A 72-year-old woman presented with a painful right eye. A few weeks before, she had noticed a red, swollen area in the conjunctiva of the same eye. On slit lamp examination, it appeared as chemosis and vascular injection; artificial tears were prescribed. A month later, a firm mass developed on the superotemporal orbital rim, in the area of the lacrimal gland. A CT scan revealed infiltrative structures in both the left and right orbit, with contrast staining in the right lacrimal gland and near the left optic nerve. A biopsy was taken of the conjunctival swelling as well as of the lacrimal gland. Both tissues showed infiltration with lobular breast carcinoma metastases.

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Kohli, Dr Gaurav. "PSEUDO NECROTIZING SCLERITIS FOLLOWING IMPROPER ADMINISTRATION OF POSTERIOR SUB TENON INJECTION: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND AS-OCT FEATURES." Era's Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2024.21.

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We present a case of pseudo necrotizing scleritis (NS,) following inadvertent subconjunctival administration of triamcinolone acetonide. Clinical presentation imitated that of necrotizing scleritis, with features of ulceration and episcleral inflammation. Diagnostic curratge of the lesion ruled out infectious etiology with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) of the lesion was helpul in localizing ruling out true scleritis. Herein we define and highlight the unreported features of pseudo NS as imaged by AS-OCT. A 34 year-old female patient, presented to us two weeks following an intraocular injection performed elsewhere for macular edema. Clinical examination of the anterior segment was suggestive to conjunctivo-scleral necrosis while the fundus examination revealed an active subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). Taking into consideration the clinical diagnosis and due to the lack of supportive documentation we assumed that the patient had probably received a dose of intra vitreal antivegf. Apresumptive diagnosis of NS following needle prick was made, pathological evaluation of the ulcer alongside the OCT features aided in ruling out true NS. The pathological evaluation of the specimen revealed presence of connective tissue with macrophages and triamcinolone particles. AS-OCT showed involvement of the conjunctiva and episleral tissue with no scleral edema or thickening. Improper administration of peri ocular triamcinolone can cause conjunctival necrosis and can imitate necrotizing scleritis, AS-OCTevaluation of the lesion can be helpful in differentiation from true scleral necrosis.

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Chiew, Ryan L. J., Denise T. M. Au Eong, and Kah Guan Au Eong. "Mucus fishing syndrome." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 4 (2022): e249188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249188.

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Mucus fishing syndrome is a chronic inflammatory ocular surface condition characterised by repetitive self-extraction of mucous strands from the eye.A man in his 30s presented with bilateral ocular redness, itch, irritation, tearing and sticky mucoid discharge for 3 months. Examination disclosed bilateral bulbar and tarsal conjunctival injection. Fluorescein staining disclosed a well-circumscribed area of tarsal conjunctival epithelial defect near the inferior lacrimal punctum in both eyes. The patient admitted to a habit of mechanically removing mucus from his eyes several times a day. Demonstration of the mucus extraction process disclosed direct contact of his fingers with the excoriated tarsal conjunctiva in each eye. He was diagnosed with mucus fishing syndrome and his condition resolved within a month after he stopped fishing mucus from his eyes and had a course of topical antibiotics and steroids.Mucus fishing syndrome is an important diagnostic consideration in patients with chronic conjunctivitis.

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Jindal, Ankur Kumar, Ravi Teja Indla, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, and Surjit Singh. "Non-Exudative Conjunctival Injection With Limbal Sparing." JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 26, no. 3 (2020): e59-e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0000000000000883.

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Lee, Jae Yeon, Yung Ju Yoo, and Sang Beom Han. "Efficacy of Subconjunctival Bevacizumab Injection after Pterygium Excision with Limbal Conjunctival Autograft in Recurred Pterygium." Annals of Optometry and Contact Lens 22, no. 4 (2023): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52725/aocl.2023.22.4.133.

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection after pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autograft and limbal fixation suture in recurred pterygium.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9 patients (11 eyes) who received subconjunctival bevacizumab injection after pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autograft and limbal fixation suture for recurred pterygium. All patients included in this study completed follow-up for at least 12 months. Demographic variables, postoperative clinical outcomes, and recurrence rate were analyzed. Recurrence of pterygium was evaluated at 12 months after surgery.Results: The study subjects comprised 5 male patients (5 eyes) and 4 female patients (6 eyes) with a mean age of 66.0 ± 13.0 years (range 43-78 years). Among the 11 eyes, no recurrence occurred after the follow-up period of 12 months.Conclusions: Subconjunctival bevacizumab injection after pterygium excision with limbal conjunctival autograft and limbal fixation suture appears to be an effective method of preventing the recurrence in recurred pterygium.

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Wong, Yee Ling, and Vikas Shankar. "Trauma-induced filtering bleb formation and blebitis 40 years following a penetrating eye injury." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 6 (2020): e234355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234355.

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A 49-year-old man presented to the emergency eye clinic with a 3-week history of redness, irritation and blurred vision in his right eye, with a noticeable lesion superotemporally on the conjunctiva. He had a previous ocular history of penetrating glass injury in the right eye at the age of 9 years (40 years ago), of which no surgical intervention was performed at that time, as his parents did not seek medical attention. Slit lamp examination revealed a thin, conjunctival cystic bleb at 10 o’clock position with surrounding conjunctival injection and chemosis at close proximity to the site of previous ocular trauma. Investigations confirmed a diagnosis of trauma-induced filtering bleb with blebitis (bleb inflammation). The patient was treated with a combination of steroid and antibiotic drops for duration of 2 weeks. Subsequent follow-up revealed marked improvement of symptoms with reduced inflammation. Patient is being monitored regularly to prevent recurrence of blebitis and bleb associated complications.

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Pareja, JA, M. Barón, P. Gili, et al. "Objective Assessment of Autonomic Signs During Triggered First Division Trigeminal Neuralgia." Cephalalgia 22, no. 4 (2002): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00330.x.

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A total of 26 episodes of V-1 trigeminal neuralgia attacks have been recorded in two female patients. Autonomic phenomena were assessed according to a semiquantitative scale. Attacks lasted 17 ± 5 s. Mild lacrimation without conjunctival hyperaemia, rhinorrhea or ptosis was observed, even in relatively long lasting episodes. This is in clear contradiction with SUNCT (shortlasting, unilateral, neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection, tearing and rhinorrhea) attacks that are always dramatically accompanied by both lacrimation and conjunctival injection of the symptomatic side from the very onset of symptoms. Carbamazepine provided complete and sustained relief of symptoms in both patients. Herein we will show differential autonomic features of V-1 trigeminal neuralgia vs. SUNCT that will both aid the clinician to distinguish both syndromes and stress that both entities are nosologicaly different.

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Soh, Yu Qiang, Nathalie Pei Yu Chiam, Andrew Shih Hsiang Tsai, et al. "Intravitreal Injection with a Conjunctival Injection Device: A Single-Center Experience." Translational Vision Science & Technology 9, no. 8 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.8.28.

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Jacob, S., AR Saha, and YA Rajabally. "Post-Traumatic Short-Lasting Unilateral Headache With Cranial Autonomic Symptoms (SUNA)." Cephalalgia 28, no. 9 (2008): 991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01622.x.

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Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) syndrome is a rare headache syndrome classified among the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. It is usually idiopathic, although infrequent secondary forms have been described. Recently the term short-lasting unilateral headache with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) has been defined by the International Headache Society (ICHD-2) as similar to SUNCT with less prominent or absent conjunctival injection and lacrimation. We report two patients with paroxysmal orbito-fronto-temporal pains, phenotypically suggesting SUNA, occurring after traumatic head injury.

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Hong, Chae Min, Woong-Sun Yoo, and Seong-Jae Kim. "A Case of Chronic Conjunctivitis Caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum Misdiagnosed as Inclusion Conjunctivitis." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 65, no. 9 (2024): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.9.635.

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Purpose: To report a case of chronic conjunctivitis caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum misdiagnosed as adult inclusion conjunctivitis.Case summary: A 48-year-old female visited our clinic complaining of conjunctival injection and discharge in her right eye that had started 9 months earlier. Slit lamp examination showed conjunctival exudates with follicular hypertrophy on the upper and lower palpebral conjunctiva of the right eye. Adult inclusion conjunctivitis was suspected, and polymerase chain reaction tests for 12 sexually transmitted infections, serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test, sputum tests, and urine tests were performed. The serum trachomatis IgM was negative, but IgG was positive; there were no other specific findings. The patient was treated with oral doxycycline and topical antibiotics eyedrops for 1 week, but there was no improvement. Fusobacterium nucleatum was detected in a conjunctival swab culture. The oral antibiotic was changed to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. After 1 week, the symptoms improved and the chronic conjunctivitis and follicles decreased; 4 weeks later, recovery was complete.Conclusions: Chronic conjunctivitis caused by bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum should be considered if adult inclusion conjunctivitis is suspected and does not respond to treatment.

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Taga, Arens, and Irene Florindo. "Ictal headache: Insights from two cases." Cephalalgia 38, no. 13 (2018): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102418758281.

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Background We report the first literature description of ictal epileptic headaches closely mimicking glossopharyngeal neuralgia and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing. Case 1 A 37-year-old man complained of short-lasting, electric-shock like headache, confined to the pharynx. During the episodes, he could not speak because he felt “words blocked at the throat”. An EEG recorded epileptic discharges concomitant with headache; a brain MRI disclosed frontal polymicrogyria. Case 2 A 66-year-old man complained of short-lasting, right periocular headache, associated with ipsilateral ptosis, conjunctival injection and lacrimation. Some episodes were followed by tonic contraction of the right facial and limb muscles; on one occasion, headache was followed by a generalized seizure. A brain MRI revealed hippocampal abnormalities. Discussion These cases highlight the complex relationship between headache and epilepsy, and suggest a possible contribution of cortical structures to the genesis of paroxysmal headaches such as glossopharyngeal neuralgia and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing.

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Rajagopal, Rama, Divya Giridhar, Kirthi Koka, and Karthick Jayavel. "Successful outcome with injection bleomycin in primary lymphangioma of the conjunctiva – Clinical and anterior segment optical coherence tomography-based approach." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 3, no. 4 (2023): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_493_23.

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Primary conjunctival lymphangioma is characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymphatic vessels and usually presents as a diffuse or localized conjunctival swelling. We present a case of a conjunctival lymphangioma managed successfully with intralesional bleomycin. There was no recurrence of the lesion both clinically and on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at 1-year follow-up. We are unaware of any case in literature like ours which highlights the role of AS-OCT both to complement clinical findings and as an adjuvant in understanding response to treatment in primary conjunctival lymphangioma.

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Hakim, Affannul, and Christina Aritonang. "Good Outcome of Corneal Ulcer With Hypopion After Long Use of Contact Lens." Vision Science and Eye Health Journal 2, no. 3 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vsehj.v2i3.2023.74-79.

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Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a corneal infection caused by microorganisms and is characterized by a profound corneal epithelial defect that infects the cornea and causes severe and progressive visual loss. In recent years, the incidence of microbial keratitis has increased. One of the critical risk factors for increasing this incidence is using contact lenses. As the number of contact lens users increases, the number of corneal ulcers associated with contact lenses also increases. Case Presentation: A 25-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of gradually blurry vision in his left eye four days after using contact lenses for overnight uses since the previous few days and did not routinely clean contact lenses or replace contact lens cleaning fluid. The visual acuity of the patient's left eye was hand movement with conjunctival and pericorneal injection in the conjunctiva and 6 x 7 mm stromal level infiltrate, blurred margin, and whitish color in the center of the cornea. After 28 days of treatment, an examination showed the patient's left eye improvement. Visual acuity was 3/60, conjunctival injection disappeared, corneal swelling significantly resolved, hypopyon disappeared, and ulcer completely re-epithelialized. Conclusions: Empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and other adjunctive therapy has a good outcome in treating contact lens-related corneal ulcers.

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Palamar, Melis, Helin Yaldız, Sait Eğrilmez, and Ayşe Yağcı. "Conjunctival Necrosis Due to Subconjunctival Depot Corticosteroid Injection." Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 40, no. 4 (2010): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tod.40.248.

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Sagiv, Oded, Ilia Piven, and Mordechai Rosner. "CONJUNCTIVAL PYOGENIC GRANULOMA ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB INJECTION." Retinal Cases & Brief Reports 7, no. 3 (2013): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icb.0b013e31828ef010.

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Srinivasan, Sathish, and Somdutt Prasad. "Conjunctival Necrosis Following Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide." Cornea 24, no. 8 (2005): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ico.0000159754.05736.8c.

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Sierpina, David Isaiah, Caleb Chin Tao Ng, Michael Edward Rauser, and Joseph Taung-Jow Fan. "Ciprofloxacin and Conjunctival Flora Resistance after Intravitreal Injection." Ophthalmology Retina 3, no. 8 (2019): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2019.04.017.

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Fogla, Rajesh, Srinivas K. Rao, and Jyotirmay Biswas. "Avoiding Conjunctival Necrosis After Periocular Depot Corticosteroid Injection." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 26, no. 2 (2000): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(99)00449-6.

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Kaminska, Edidiong Celestine Ntuen, Zoey Yu, John Kress, Vesna Petronic-Rosic, and Keyoumars Soltani. "Erythematous Eruption With Marked Conjunctival Injection—Quiz Case." Archives of Dermatology 148, no. 10 (2012): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.148.10.1199-d.

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Tara, Akiko, Takatoshi Kobayashi, Ryohsuke Kohmoto, et al. "A Case of Fungal Endophthalmitis Caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus that Might Have Spread from the Sclera into the Intraocular Space." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 11, no. 2 (2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508389.

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The aim of this report was to describe a case of fungal endophthalmitis possibly caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus(PL) penetrating the sclera from a conjunctival abscess. This case study involved an 83-year-old male patient with a past history of scleral buckling, subtenon steroid injection, and cataract surgery. The vitreous opacity and a conjunctival abscess appeared in the inferonasal quadrant of his right eye at 5 months after cataract surgery. PL was isolated from a cultured conjunctival discharge specimen obtained from the patient’s right eye. Although the treatment with antifungal agents relieved the conjunctival abscess, the vitreous opacity became worse. Thus, vitrectomy was subsequently performed. Intraoperative findings revealed severe vitreous opacity in the inferonasal quadrant, adjacent to the sclera at the site of the conjunctival abscess. Our findings indicate that fungal endophthalmitis appeared to have been caused by PL in the conjunctival abscess that may have penetrated the sclera and spread into the intraocular space.

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Tubek, Katarzyna, Tomasz Berus, and Robert Leszek. "The girl with the eyeball tattoo—what the ophthalmologist may expect? Case report and a review of literature." European Journal of Ophthalmology 29, no. 5 (2018): NP1—NP4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672118803855.

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Introduction: We report a case of patient who underwent bilateral eyeball tattoo procedure for cosmetic purpose complicated with intraocular dye injection which led to ocular inflammation, secondary glaucoma, and cataract. Case description: A 21-year-old female presented to emergency department with severe right eye pain and photophobia 21 days after conjunctival tattooing procedure. Slit-lamp examination revealed right-sided eyelid edema and black deposits of tattoo ink under the bulbar conjunctiva. Dye deposits were also present in anterior chamber, covering corneal endothelium, iris and anterior lens’ capsule. Ocular inflammation and secondary glaucoma were diagnosed. The patient underwent surgical treatment to control ocular inflammation. Intraocular pressure remained stable after Nd:YAG iridotomy and on topical drugs. Moreover, during the follow-up, in contralateral eye, we observed “conjunctival lumps”—local hypersensitivity reaction to the dye, which were asymptomatic to the patient. Conclusion: Eyeball tattooing complications are new challenges that ophthalmologist may have to face nowadays. We also reviewed for the first time possible complications of eyeball tattooing described in available literature.

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Ong, Keith, Ru Ming Ong, and Daisy Shu. "Diluting 5-fluorouracil with normal saline reduces patient discomfort." Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 4 (2019): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.573.

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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite and is used to improve the success rate of trabeculectomies by inhibition of subconjunctival fibrosis. It can be administered postoperatively as a subconjunctival injection or given intraoperatively via cellulose sponge soaked in 5-FU and placed between the sclera and conjunctival flap. The advantage of injecting 5-FU subconjunctivally postoperatively is that the dose and frequency can be titrated according to patients’ needs. Subconjunctival injection may be uncomfortable and this could be due to the alkaline nature of 5-FU (pH 9.20) and its osmolarity of 384 mmol/l. It would be beneficial if this discomfort can be minimised as the injection may need to be given several times.

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Natarajan, Radhika, Divya Giridhar, Narayanasamy Angayarkanni, and Muthuvel Bharathselvi. "Conjunctival necrosis due to periocular clear steroid injection mimicking scleral nodule." Journal of Cornea and Ocular Surface 1, no. 2 (2023): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcos.jcos_7_22.

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Abstract Conjunctival necrosis with or without scleritis is a rare complication following periocular administration of corticosteroids. A 60-year-old lady presented with a diffuse scleral nodule with an overlying sinus in her left eye following cataract surgery. Tests for immune and infective etiology were negative. Due to its recalcitrant nature despite scraping, antibiotic, and steroid treatment, she underwent a scleral biopsy of the affected area, which was negative for organisms. However, high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector revealed a significant presence of dexamethasone in the biopsy samples, which was the possible cause of conjunctival necrosis and ulceration mimicking scleritis.

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Rashid, Noor-Khairul, Zarifah Zam, Siti-Suraya MdNoor, Ishak Siti-Raihan, and Yaakub Azhany. "Pasteurella canisIsolation following Penetrating Eye Injury: A Case Report." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/362369.

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A 3-year-old boy presented with history of trauma to the left eye after he accidentally injured his eye with a broom stick made up from coconut skewers. There was history of cats as their pets but not dogs. Ocular examination revealed left superonasal conjunctival laceration and scleral perforation with prolapsed vitreous. Fundus examination showed minimal vitreous haemorrhage and flat retina. Conjunctiva swab at the wound site was sent for gram staining, culture, and sensitivity. He underwent scleral suturing, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection of Ceftazidime and Amikacin. Vitreous tap was sent for gram stained, culture and sensitivity. Postoperatively, he was started empirically on IV Ciprofloxacin 160 mg BD, Guttae Ciprofloxacin, and Guttae Ceftazidime. Conjunctiva swab grewPasteurella caniswhich was sensitive to all Beta lactams, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Aminoglycoside. Post-operative was uneventful, absent signs of endophthalmitis or orbital cellulitis.

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Akbani, Idris. "A Study of Management of Primary Chalazion in Adults by Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide." Perspectives in Medical Research 9, no. 3 (2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.0903.06.

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Abstract Introduction A chalazion is a common non-effective granuloma of the meibomian glands of eyelids. They are commonly found on the tarsal conjunctival surface and the eyelid margins. It may be ignored by the patients until it reaches a considerable size. Recently the use of intralesional corticosteroids has shown promising results. We in the present study tried to evaluate the outcomes of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection in the management of Chalazion. Methods The current study was carried on Patients with chalazion attending Ophthalmology OPD of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, [RIMS], Adilabad. Successive patients with small multiple marginal chalazia were included. Patients were selected based on the amenability of treatment with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections. A chalazion is a common non-infective granuloma of the meibomian glands of eyelids. They are commonly found on the tarsal conjunctival surface and the eyelid margins. It may be ignored by the patients until it reaches a considerable size. Recently the use of intralesional corticosteroids has shown promising results. We in the present study tried to evaluate the outcomes of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection in the management of Chalazion. Results Group I with very small-sized chalazia< 5 mm out of n=22 included in Group I resolution after one week following treatment was found in 72.72%. Resolution following repeated injection after one week was found in 18.18%. In group II (chalazia size 5-7 mm) out of n=28 cases, 46.24% resolved after first injection and 39.28% cases resolved after the second injection and no resolution was found in 14.28% cases after one month. Conclusion Patients with small chalazia who are not amenable to incision and curettage intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection appear to be a better option. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections were found to be effective in resolving acute and sub-acute chalazia of soft to firm consistency irrespective of their duration.

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Surjani, Lylys. "PENANGANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA VERNAL CONJUNGTIVITIS." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 10, no. 1 (2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol10no1.pp47-52.

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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an allergic eye disease with a chronic inflammatory condition, mostly bilateral, and affects upper tarsal conjunctiva. VKC is characterized by conjunctival infiltration by various types of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, although VKC was previously considered an IgE-mediated disease, but several other immunological pathways such as an increase of activated CD4 + T-lymphocytes, especially Th2, indicates that hypersensitivity reactions are found against unknown pathogens. The rate of eye infection with shield ulcers ranges from about 9-10% which Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumonia are the most common bacteria founded. Patients with VKC often present with symptoms which are intense itching, hyperemia conjunctiva, and watery eyes, photophobia, and a sensation like a foreign object. Clinical signs of VKC include papillary reactions of the upper tarsal conjunctiva and throughout the limbus. When eyelid eversion, bulbar and tarsal conjunctival hyperemia can be observed in the presence of papillae of varying size and occasionally a gelatinous infiltrate in the limbus area (Trantas Horner's nodule) which is necessary for the diagnosis of VKC. Avoiding specific/nonspecific triggers can prevent severe manifestations of VKC. Topical lubrication with artificial tears is used for the long-term management of VKC patients, both during the active and passive phases. The main focus of VKC medical management is to relieve symptoms and prevent complications, the types of medications used include antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, steroids, and immunosuppressive eye drops (Cyclosporin A (CsA) & Tacrolimus). Supratarsal injection of either short or medium-acting corticosteroids is recommended as a therapeutic approach in patients with VKC. Excision of the giant papilla of tarsal conjunctiva with 0.02% intraoperative mitomycin-C was recommended in cases resulting in ptosis.

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