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Journal articles on the topic 'Connected components labeling (CCL)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Putri, Audini Nifira, and I. Putu Gede Hendra Suputra. "Hijaiyah Letter Segmentation Using Connected Component Labeling Method." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 2 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i02.p12.

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Arabic letters or Hijaiyah letters recognition is a challenge in itself because one letter consists of more than one character, namely the main character, companion character such as dots and lines, and punctuation called harakat. The image segmentation process is the most important in a character recognition system because it affects the separation of objects in an image. In this research, Hijaiyah letter segmentation aims to separate the letters according to the character of each letter using the Connected Component Labeling (CCL) method. Merging labels on each character will be done by look

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Ammar, Maan, Muhammad Shamdeen, Mazen Kasedeh, Kinan Mansour, and Waad Ammar. "Using Distance Measure based Classification in Automatic Extraction of Lungs Cancer Nodules for Computer Aided Diagnosis." Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal 12, no. 3 (2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/sipij.2021.12303.

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We introduce in this paper a reliable method for automatic extraction of lungs nodules from CT chest images and shed the light on the details of using the Weighted Euclidean Distance (WED) for classifying lungs connected components into nodule and not-nodule. We explain also using Connected Component Labeling (CCL) in an effective and flexible method for extraction of lungs area from chest CT images with a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This lungs extraction method makes use of, as well as CCL, some morphological operations. Our tests have shown that the performance of the introduce method

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Dharmajaya, Gede Putra, and I. Dewa Made Bayu Atmaja Darmawan. "Tempo Tracking on Guru Ding Dong Transcript using Connected Component Labeling (CCL) Method." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 8, no. 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2019.v08.i02.p05.

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Music notation is a system of writing musical expressions as outlined in the form of symbols in the form of numbers or blocks. Music notation is used to document the composer's work in the form of songs so that it can be used by the public. In Balinese culture there is also a musical notation called Guru Ding Dong's Notation. This study discusses the segmentation of guru ding dong transcript to determine the tempo of each notation using the Connected Component Labeling method and the rule-based method. CCL algorithm applies Graph theory, where all pixels in an area that have a relationship wit

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Dung, Le, and Makoto Mizukawa. "Fast Hand Feature Extraction Based on Connected Component Labeling, Distance Transform and Hough Transform." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 6 (2009): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0726.

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In hand gesture recognition or hand tracking systems relied on hand modeling methods, it is usually required to extract from a hand image some hand features. This paper presents a new robust method based on connected component labeling (CCL), distance transform (DT) and Hough transform (HT) to fast and precisely extract the center of the hand, the directions and the fingertip positions of all outstretched fingers on a skin color detection image. First, the method uses a simple but reliable technique that is performed on both the connected component labeling image and the distance transform ima

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Suriani, Uci, and Tri Basuki Kurniawan. "Comparing the Prediction of Numeric Patterns on Form C1 Using the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) Method and a Combination of K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) with Connected Component Labeling (CCL)." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 4 (2023): 1569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v5i4.592.

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Indonesia's elections serve as a cornerstone of its democratic system, with the active participation of its citizens being of paramount importance. To bolster transparency and civic engagement during these elections, the SITUNG system (Election Result Information System) is employed for the tabulation of election results. However, the current tabulation process remains manual, potentially leading to data entry errors and a reduced accuracy of election outcomes. This research endeavor seeks to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of election result tabulation by employing the K-Nearest Neighbors

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Aissou, B., and A. Belhadj Aissa. "AN ADAPTED CONNECTED COMPONENT LABELING FOR CLUSTERING NON-PLANAR OBJECTS FROM AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT CLOUD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-191-2020.

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Abstract. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is an active remote sensing technology used for several applications. A segmentation of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point cloud is very important task that still interest many scientists. In this paper, the Connected Component Analysis (CCA), or Connected Component Labeling is proposed for clustering non-planar objects from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) LiDAR point cloud. From raw point cloud, sub-surface segmentation method is applied as preliminary filter to remove planar surfaces. Starting from unassigned points , CCA is applied on 3D data con

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Kowalczyk, Marcin, Piotr Ciarach, Dominika Przewlocka-Rus, Hubert Szolc, and Tomasz Kryjak. "Real-Time FPGA Implementation of Parallel Connected Component Labelling for a 4K Video Stream." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 93, no. 5 (2021): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-021-01636-4.

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AbstractIn this paper, a hardware implementation in reconfigurable logic of a single-pass connected component labelling (CCL) and connected component analysis (CCA) module is presented. The main novelty of the design is the support of a video stream in 2 and 4 pixel per clock format (2 and 4 ppc) and real-time processing of 4K/UHD video stream (3840 x 2160 pixels) at 60 frames per second. We discuss several approaches to the issue and present in detail the selected ones. The proposed module was verified in an exemplary application – skin colour areas segmentation – on the ZCU 102 and ZCU 104 e

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Tian, Yifei, Wei Song, Long Chen, Yunsick Sung, Jeonghoon Kwak, and Su Sun. "A Fast Spatial Clustering Method for Sparse LiDAR Point Clouds Using GPU Programming." Sensors 20, no. 8 (2020): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082309.

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Fast and accurate obstacle detection is essential for accurate perception of mobile vehicles’ environment. Because point clouds sensed by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are sparse and unstructured, traditional obstacle clustering on raw point clouds are inaccurate and time consuming. Thus, to achieve fast obstacle clustering in an unknown terrain, this paper proposes an elevation-reference connected component labeling (ER-CCL) algorithm using graphic processing unit (GPU) programing. LiDAR points are first projected onto a rasterized x–z plane so that sparse points are mapped into

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Rakhmadi. "Connected Component Labeling Using Components Neighbors-Scan Labeling Approach." Journal of Computer Science 6, no. 10 (2010): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2010.1099.1107.

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Asano, Tetsuo, and Hiroshi Tanaka. "In-Place Algorithm for Connected Components Labeling." Journal of Pattern Recognition Research 5, no. 1 (2010): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13176/11.218.

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Bolelli, Federico, Stefano Allegretti, Lorenzo Baraldi, and Costantino Grana. "Spaghetti Labeling: Directed Acyclic Graphs for Block-Based Connected Components Labeling." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 29 (2020): 1999–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2946979.

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Banjarnahor, Jepri, Well Friend Giawa, Wanda Pratama Putra Simamora, Dina Pratiwi, Rafif Rahil, and Evta Indra. "ANALISIS SISTEM MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUBSTRAKSI UNTUK MODEL LALU LINTAS KENDARAAN SECARA REALTIME." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Prima(JUSIKOM PRIMA) 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jurnalsisteminformasidanilmukomputer.v5i1.1891.

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Pengetahuan tentang teknologi visi komputer semakin maju serta sejalan dengan kebutuhan akan sistem yang terkendali secara terus menerus, menyebabkan penelitian di bidang visi komputer akan terus dilakukan. Kebutuhan akan sistem kendali pengaturan volume kendaraan (TrafikPlan) sudah sangat dibutuhkan pada era sekarang ini dikarenakan tingkat penjualan kendaraan semakin meningkat tetapi peningkatan jalan yang tersedia tidak mencukupi. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk membuat sebuah model lalu lintas dengan beberapa metode pada visi komputer hough transform sebagai batas area yang akan dideteksi ser

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Zhang, Danyang, Huadong Ma, and Linqiang Pan. "A gamma-signal-regulated connected components labeling algorithm." Pattern Recognition 91 (July 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.02.022.

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ITO, YASUAKI, and KOJI NAKANO. "LOW-LATENCY CONNECTED COMPONENT LABELING USING AN FPGA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 21, no. 03 (2010): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054110007337.

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Connected component labeling is a process that assigns unique labels to the connected components of a binary image. The main contribution of this paper is to present a low-latency hardware connected component labeling algorithm for k-concave binary images designed and implemented in FPGA. Pixels of a binary image are given to the FPGA in raster order, and the resulting labels are also output in the same order. The advantage of our labeling algorithm is low latency and to use a small internal storage of the FPGA. We have implemented our hardware labeling algorithm in an Altera Stratix Family FP

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Lianqiang, Niu, Chen Xin, Peng Min, and Zhang Gang. "Connected components labeling based on union-find operations applied to connected branches." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 32, no. 5 (2017): 3739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169306.

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Kranke, Derrick, Shant Barmak, Eugenia Weiss, and Aram Dobalian. "The Application of a Self-Labeling Approach among Military-Connected Adolescents in a Public School Setting." Health & Social Work 44, no. 3 (2019): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz007.

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AbstractThe contextual factors and individual responses to the labeling of military-connected adolescents as “being in a military family” is an understudied yet important phenomenon. Minimal research construes the experience of being in a military family as a label applied to military-connected populations by people in society. However, social environmental factors associated with school setting among military-connected adolescents being in a military family have common components to the process of self-labeling. This article seeks to explore the concept and application of self-labeling by (a)

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Netzel, Pawel, and Tomasz F. Stepinski. "Connected components labeling for giga-cell multi-categorical rasters." Computers & Geosciences 59 (September 2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.014.

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Grana, Costantino, Daniele Borghesani, and Rita Cucchiara. "Optimized Block-Based Connected Components Labeling With Decision Trees." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 19, no. 6 (2010): 1596–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2010.2044963.

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Boiangiu, Costin-Anton, Giorgiana-Violeta Vlăsceanu, Constantin-Eduard Stăniloiu, Nicolae Tarbă, and Mihai-Lucian Voncilă. "A Novel Connected-Components Algorithm for 2D Binarized Images." Algorithms 18, no. 6 (2025): 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18060344.

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This paper introduces a new memory-efficient algorithm for connected-components labeling in binary images, which is based on run-length encoding. Unlike conventional pixel-based methods that scan and label individual pixels using global buffers or disjoint-set structures, our approach encodes rows as linked segments and merges them using a union-by-size strategy. We accelerate run detection by using a precomputed 16-bit cache of binary patterns, allowing for fast decoding without relying on bitwise CPU instructions. When compared against other run-length encoded algorithms, such as the Scan-Ba

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Muhammad Daffa Khairi, Bedy Purnama, Imamura Kosuke, and Miki Abo. "Estimate the Region of Interest, Movement and Magnitude of Ciliary Beat with Dense Optical Flow." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 20, no. 11 (2024): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v20i11.48029.

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In this study, we analyze mucociliary transport (MCT) by measuring the magnitude and identifying regions of ciliary beats using high-frame-rate microscopic videos. Our methodology, integrating dense optical flow (DOF), connected component labeling (CCL), Butterworth filter, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), captures ciliary movement and magnitude. We focus on region extraction, quantification of ciliary activity, and classification of power and recovery strokes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), which are crucial for evaluating MCT efficiency. Our approach was able to extract the ciliary region

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Bolelli, Federico, Michele Cancilla, Lorenzo Baraldi, and Costantino Grana. "Toward reliable experiments on the performance of Connected Components Labeling algorithms." Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 17, no. 2 (2018): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11554-018-0756-1.

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Stamatovic, Biljana, and Roman Trobec. "Cellular automata labeling of connected components in n-dimensional binary lattices." Journal of Supercomputing 72, no. 11 (2016): 4221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1761-4.

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Pradnyawati, Putu Indah, and I. Gede Arta Wibawa. "Character Segmentation to the Case Study Image of Quadratic Equation Expression." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 8, no. 3 (2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v08.i03.p10.

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The introduction of digital mathematical expressions can be said to be unusual because mathematical expressions consist of various symbols. The introduction of mathematical expressions can be divided into two main steps, namely the introduction of symbols and structural analysis. Segmentation of an image is an important part in the recognition of handwritten mathematical expressions, because segmentation is the first step of the recognition process. In this study, we will present the process of handwriting image segmentation for mathematical expressions in the form of quadratic equations using

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Ranganathan, N., R. Mehrotra, and S. Subramanian. "A high speed systolic architecture for labeling connected components in an image." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 25, no. 3 (1995): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.364855.

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Diederichs, Claas, and Sergej Fatikow. "FPGA-Based Object Detection and Motion Tracking in Micro- and Nanorobotics." International Journal of Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics 3, no. 1 (2013): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijimr.2013010103.

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Object-detection and classification is a key task in micro- and nanohandling. The microscopic imaging is often the only available sensing technique to detect information about the positions and orientations of objects. FPGA-based image processing is superior to state of the art PC-based image processing in terms of achievable update rate, latency and jitter. A connected component labeling algorithm is presented and analyzed for its high speed object detection and classification feasibility. The features of connected components are discussed and analyzed for their feasibility with a single-pass

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GU, Qingyi, Takeshi TAKAKI, and Idaku ISHII. "A Fast Multi-Object Extraction Algorithm Based on Cell-Based Connected Components Labeling." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E95-D, no. 2 (2012): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e95.d.636.

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Yu Xiaoyu, 于潇宇, 郭玉波 Guo Yubo, 陈刚 Chen Gang, and 叶东 Ye Dong. "Real-Time Point Feature Extraction Based on Connected Components Labeling and Distributed Computing." Acta Optica Sinica 35, no. 2 (2015): 0210001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201535.0210001.

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HE, LIFENG, YUYAN CHAO, and KENJI SUZUKI. "A RUN-BASED ONE-AND-A-HALF-SCAN CONNECTED-COMPONENT LABELING ALGORITHM." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 04 (2010): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410008032.

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This paper presents a run- and label-equivalence-based one-and-a-half-scan algorithm for labeling connected components in a binary image. Major differences between our algorithm and conventional label-equivalence-based algorithms are: (1) all conventional label-equivalence-based algorithms scan all pixels in the given image at least twice, whereas our algorithm scans background pixels once and object pixels twice; (2) all conventional label-equivalence-based algorithms assign a provisional label to each object pixel in the first scan and relabel the pixel in the later scan(s), whereas our algo

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Marsidi, Dafik, Susanto, Arika Indah Kristiana, Ika Hesti Agustin, and M. Venkatachalam. "Reflexive Edge Strength in Certain Graphs with Dominant Vertex." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 13, no. 6 (2025): 2434–47. https://doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-2210.

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Consider a basic, connected graph G with an edge set of $E(G)$ and a vertex set of $V(G)$. The functions $f_e$ and $f_v$, which take $k=max\{k_e, 2k_v\}$, from the edge set to the first $k_e$ natural number and the non-negative even number up to $2k_v$, respectively, are the components of total $k$-labeling. An \textit{edge irregular reflexive $k$ labeling} of the graph $G$ is the total $k$-labeling, if for every two different edges $x_1x_2$ and $x_1'x_2'$ of $G$, $wt(x_1x_2) \neq wt(x_1'x_2')$, where $wt(x_1x_2)=f_v(x_1)+f_e(x_1x_2)+f_v(x_2)$. The reflexive edge strength of graph $G$ is defin

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Gabbur, Prasad, Hong Hua, and Kobus Barnard. "A fast connected components labeling algorithm and its application to real-time pupil detection." Machine Vision and Applications 21, no. 5 (2009): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00138-009-0183-1.

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Thurfjell, Lennart, Ewert Bengtsson, and Bo Nordin. "A new three-dimensional connected components labeling algorithm with simultaneous object feature extraction capability." CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing 54, no. 4 (1992): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-9652(92)90083-a.

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Wu, Shao Bao, and Dong Sheng Shen. "Blind Detection of Tampered JPEG Image Based on Blocking Artifacts of Double Quantization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 3104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.3104.

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In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to detect JPEG image forgery based on the inconsistencies of quantization tables. The primary quantization table of tempered image is firstly estimated. Then the blocking artifact measure (BAM) of each 8×8 DCT coefficient block is computed using the estimated quantization matrix, and the BAMs of all blocks are sorted in descending order. Select a certain number of blocks of which the BAM is in the front of the order. Labeling the connected components of blocks in order to eliminate some abnormal blocks and gain the connected doctored blocks. Experime

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Asad, Pedro, Ricardo Marroquim, and Andrea L. e. L. Souza. "On GPU Connected Components and Properties: A Systematic Evaluation of Connected Component Labeling Algorithms and Their Extension for Property Extraction." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 28, no. 1 (2019): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2851445.

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Fatichah, Chastine, Joko Lianto Buliali, Ahmad Saikhu, and Silvester Tena. "A HYBRID FUZZY MORPHOLOGY AND CONNECTED COMPONENTS LABELING METHODS FOR VEHICLE DETECTION AND COUNTING SYSTEM." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 9, no. 2 (2016): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-894.

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Gilani, S. A. N., M. Awrangjeb, and G. Lu. "FUSION OF LIDAR DATA AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR EFFECTIVE BUILDING DETECTION BASED ON GRAPH AND CONNECTED COMPONENT ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W2 (March 10, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w2-65-2015.

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Building detection in complex scenes is a non-trivial exercise due to building shape variability, irregular terrain, shadows, and occlusion by highly dense vegetation. In this research, we present a graph based algorithm, which combines multispectral imagery and airborne LiDAR information to completely delineate the building boundaries in urban and densely vegetated area. In the first phase, LiDAR data is divided into two groups: ground and non-ground data, using ground height from a bare-earth DEM. A mask, known as the primary building mask, is generated from the non-ground LiDAR points where

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Pérez-Aguila, Ricardo. "Efficient Boundary Extraction from Orthogonal Pseudo-Polytopes: An Approach Based on the D-EVM." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2011 (2011): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/937263.

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This work is devoted to contribute with two algorithms for performing, in an efficient way, connected components labeling and boundary extraction from orthogonal pseudo-polytopes. The proposals are specified in terms of the extreme vertices model in the -dimensional space (D-EVM). An overview of the model is presented, considering aspects such as its fundamentals and basic algorithms. The temporal efficiency of the two proposed algorithms is sustained in empirical way and by taking into account both lower dimensional cases (2D and 3D) and higher-dimensional cases (4D and 5D).

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ALNUWEIRI, HUSSEIN M. "A FAST RECONFIGURABLE NETWORK FOR GRAPH CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSITIVE CLOSURE." Parallel Processing Letters 04, no. 01n02 (1994): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626494000120.

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This paper presents a VLSI array for labeling the connected components of a graph on N nodes in O(r) steps using a reconfigurable bus of width m bits, such that [Formula: see text] and 1≤r≤m. The network architecture consists of an array of simple logic nodes which are connected by a reconfigurable bus. To solve a problem on N nodes, the array uses N processors and N(N−1)/2 switches. The proposed connectivity and transitive closure algorithms are based on a processor indexing scheme which employs constant-weight codes. It is shown that when r is a constant, then the algorithm takes O(1) time u

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Kurniasari, Arvita Agus, Ali Ridho Barakbah, and Achmad Basuki. "Content-Dependent Image Search System for Aggregation of Color, Shape and Texture Features." EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 7, no. 1 (2019): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v7i1.361.

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The existing image search system often faces difficulty to find a appropriate retrieved image corresponding to an image query. The difficulty is commonly caused by that the usersâ€™ intention for searching image is different with dominant information of the image collected from feature extraction. In this paper we present a new approach for content-dependent image search system. The system utilizes information of color distribution inside an image and detects a cloud of clustered colors as something - supposed as an object. We applies segmentation of image as content-dependent process before f

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Zhou, Chuanyou, Yongming He, Lu Wang, et al. "A Method for Enhancing the Simulation Continuity of the Snesim Algorithm in 2D Using Multiple Search Trees." Energies 17, no. 5 (2024): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051022.

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Multiple-point geostatistics (MPS) has more advantages than two-point geostatistics in reproducing the continuity of geobodies in subsurface reservoir modeling. For fluvial reservoir modeling, the more continuous a channel, the more consistent it is with geological knowledge in general, and fluvial continuity is also of paramount importance when simulating fluid flow. Based on the pixel-based MPS algorithm Snesim, this study proposes a method that utilizes multiple search trees (MSTs) to enhance simulation continuity in 2D fluvial reservoir modeling. The objective of the MST method is to captu

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Wattanavekin, Theeraphol, Taiki Ogata, Tatsunori Hara, and Jun Ota. "Mobile Robot Exploration by Using Environmental Boundary Information." ISRN Robotics 2013 (July 18, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/954610.

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We present the method of exploration using environmental boundary information for an indoor map generation problem of a mobile robot. We introduce an exploration method by (i) integration of the exploration method with Reaction-Diffusion Equation on a Graph (RDEG) and connected components labeling and (ii) a replanning framework in updating exploration plan for the currently obtained sensor information. Our approach has been implemented in simulation environments and has been compared with two existing methods: frontier-based exploration method and zig-zag method. The results demonstrate the e

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Syahyuniar, Rusuminto, Muhammad Rezki Fitri Putra, Agustian Noor, and Yuli Fitriyani. "PERANCANGAN SIMULATOR SISTEM SIRKULASI PENDINGIN." ELEMEN : JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN 8, no. 2 (2022): 96–100. https://doi.org/10.34128/je.v8i2.180.

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The refrigerator is an electric household appliance that uses refrigeration (cooling process) to help preserve food. The refrigerator works using a phase change heat pump operating in a refrigeration cycle. The refrigeration engine is a circuit capable of working to produce cold temperatures or temperatures. The manufacturing process; The first is that the compressor is connected to a copper pipe (there is a valve), a condenser, filter, capillary tube, evaporator, and back to the compressor. Tool advantage refrigerator refrigeration simulator is a switch, thermometer, k3 symbol, labeling compo

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Binti, Shaonil, Adison G. Linder, Philip T. Edeen, and David S. Fay. "A conserved protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN-22, functions in diverse developmental processes in C. elegans." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 8 (2024): e1011219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011219.

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Protein tyrosine phosphatases non-receptor type (PTPNs) have been studied extensively in the context of the adaptive immune system; however, their roles beyond immunoregulation are less well explored. Here we identify novel functions for the conserved C. elegans phosphatase PTPN-22, establishing its role in nematode molting, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal regulation. Through a non-biased genetic screen, we found that loss of PTPN-22 phosphatase activity suppressed molting defects caused by loss-of-function mutations in the conserved NIMA-related kinases NEKL-2 (human NEK8/NEK9) and NEKL-3 (hu

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Ashaq, Hussain Bhat, and R.S. Patel Dr. "Study of Simplicial Methods with Stability." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 10, no. 2 (2025): 786–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14936497.

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This paper begins with the introduction of the concepts of standard triangulation, essential set, approximate essential set etc. This study presents some new findings about simplicial algorithms that take into account the continuities of approximate fixed point sets. The subsistence of finite essential connected components in approximate fixed point sets by vector-valued labels is obtained by proving the upper semi-continuity of a set-valued mapping of approximate fixed points with the help of simplicial methods that are vector-valued; examples are provided to demonstrate how this differs sign

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Kim, Hyun-Koo, Kook-Yeol Yoo, Ju H. Park, and Ho-Youl Jung. "Traffic Light Recognition Based on Binary Semantic Segmentation Network." Sensors 19, no. 7 (2019): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071700.

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A traffic light recognition system is a very important building block in an advanced driving assistance system and an autonomous vehicle system. In this paper, we propose a two-staged deep-learning-based traffic light recognition method that consists of a pixel-wise semantic segmentation technique and a novel fully convolutional network. For candidate detection, we employ a binary-semantic segmentation network that is suitable for detecting small objects such as traffic lights. Connected components labeling with an eight-connected neighborhood is applied to obtain bounding boxes of candidate r

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Gargoum, Suliman A., James C. Koch, and Karim El-Basyouny. "A Voxel-Based Method for Automated Detection and Mapping of Light Poles on Rural Highways using LiDAR Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 45 (2018): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118787657.

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The number of light poles and their position (in terms of density and offset off the roadside) have significant impacts on the safe operation of highways. In current practice, inventory of such information is performed in periodic site visits, which are tedious and time consuming. This makes inventory and health monitoring of poles at a network level extremely challenging. To relieve the burden associated with manual inventory of poles, this paper proposes a novel algorithm which can automatically obtain such information from remotely sensing data. The proposed algorithm works by first tiling

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Fiedler, Christian, Paul-Philipp Jacobs, Marcel Müller, et al. "A Comparative Study of Automatic Localization Algorithms for Spherical Markers within 3D MRI Data." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070876.

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Localization of features and structures in images is an important task in medical image-processing. Characteristic structures and features are used in diagnostics and surgery planning for spatial adjustments of the volumetric data, including image registration or localization of bone-anchors and fiducials. Since this task is highly recurrent, a fast, reliable and automated approach without human interaction and parameter adjustment is of high interest. In this paper we propose and compare four image processing pipelines, including algorithms for automatic detection and localization of spherica

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Fu, Gang, Lei Zhao, Erin Dymek, et al. "Structural organization of the C1a-e-c supercomplex within the ciliary central apparatus." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 12 (2019): 4236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201906006.

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Nearly all motile cilia contain a central apparatus (CA) composed of two connected singlet microtubules with attached projections that play crucial roles in regulating ciliary motility. Defects in CA assembly usually result in motility-impaired or paralyzed cilia, which in humans causes disease. Despite their importance, the protein composition and functions of the CA projections are largely unknown. Here, we integrated biochemical and genetic approaches with cryo-electron tomography to compare the CA of wild-type Chlamydomonas with CA mutants. We identified a large (&gt;2 MD) complex, the

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Sahare, Parul, Jitendra V. Tembhurne, Mayur R. Parate, Tausif Diwan, and Sanjay B. Dhok. "Script-Independent Text Segmentation from Document Images." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaci.313967.

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Document image analysis finds broad application in the digital world for the purpose of information retrieval. This includes optical character recognition (OCR), indexing of digital libraries, web image processing, etc. One of the important steps in this field is text segmentation. This segmentation becomes complicated for the documents containing text of uneven spacing and characters of varying font sizes. In this paper, script-independent text-line segmentation and word segmentation algorithms are presented. Fast marching method is used for text-line segmentation, whereas wavelet transform w

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Hijikata, T., T. Murakami, M. Imamura, N. Fujimaki, and H. Ishikawa. "Plectin is a linker of intermediate filaments to Z-discs in skeletal muscle fibers." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 6 (1999): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.6.867.

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Plectin is a versatile linker protein which is associated with various types of cytoskeletal components and/or filaments including intermediate filaments, and its deficiency causes the disruption of myofibrils, or muscular dystrophy. To better understand the functional role of plectin in skeletal muscle fibers, we have examined the topological and structural relationships of plectin to intermediate filaments and Z-discs in rat diaphragm muscles by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that plectin was colocalized with desmin at the periphery of Z-discs. T

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Nowosad, J., T. F. Stepinski, and M. Iwicki. "A METHOD FOR UNIVERSAL SUPERCELLS-BASED REGIONALIZATION (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (August 6, 2022): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-337-2022.

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Abstract. Geospatial data comes in various forms, including multi and hyperspectral images but also rasters of local composition, local time series, local patterns, etc. Thus, we generalize the SLIC algorithm to work with a library of different data distance measures that are pertinent to geospatial rasters. This contribution includes a description of the generalized SLIC algorithm and a demonstration of its application to the regionalization of the raster of local compositions (of land cover classes). Two workflows were tested, both starting with SLIC preprocessing. In the first, superpixels

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