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LEE, Y. S. "Individual Cell Equalization for Series Connected Lithium-Ion Batteries." IEICE Transactions on Communications E89-B, no. 9 (2006): 2596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e89-b.9.2596.
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Feldman, Elana R., Amy Gannon, and William A. Kahn. "Separate yet connected: Developmental networks as forums for individual growth." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 10540. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.10540abstract.
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Reilly, Jack Lyons. "Social connectedness and political behavior." Research & Politics 4, no. 3 (2017): 205316801771917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168017719173.
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One of the focal points of social networks research has been the process by which individuals utilize information and cues from their social networks and communities to form political attitudes and make decisions about how and when to participate in politics. Not all individuals, however, have large social networks or are strongly connected to their local social environments. Furthermore, despite concerns about rising social isolation in American society, the role that relatively socially disconnected individuals play in politics is not well understood. Using a nationally representative data set with information about communities, social networks, and individual-level variables, this paper examines social connectedness and political behavior. Those who are more socially isolated, it is found, are neither more conservative nor liberal on any particular political issues, but clearly participate in politics less than individuals who are well connected to those around them. Finally, while individual political ideology is not correlated with isolation, the contextual influence of the local environment on individual preferences is correlated with social connectedness. When compared with well connected citizens, individuals who are more isolated are less likely to have their vote choices influenced by those around them. Individual social connectedness conditions the effect of contextual social influence.
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Ekins, Merrick, Dirk Erpenbeck, Gert Wörheide, and John N. A. Hooper. "Staying well connected – Lithistid sponges on seamounts." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 2 (2015): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000831.
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Three species of lithistid sponges, Neoaulaxinia zingiberadix, Isabella mirabilis and Neoschrammeniella fulvodesmus were collected from deep seamounts off New Caledonia to address questions about their population structure, gene flow and the relative contribution of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies to their populations. The sponges were tested by sequencing the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and CO1 regions of their genomes. These rare and presumably ancient sponges have a distribution restricted to seamounts in the south-western Pacific. Deep seamounts represent geographically separated islands. Although the sponges could be expected to have sexual reproduction restricted to near neighbours due to low sexual dispersal opportunities via larvae, this study found surprisingly high levels of gene flow between the seamounts. Amongst the specimens of N. zingiberadix taken from two seamounts there was no population structure; CO1 resulted in identical genotypes. For the population structure within N. fulvodesmus, as revealed by ITS, most of the variation was within each individual from the six seamounts on which it occurred and CO1 revealed no difference between individuals or seamounts. The third species I. mirabilis showed four genotypes based on CO1, which were distributed across all the seamounts. Indirect measures of different species showed a range of reproductive strategies from asexual to sexual, but with much higher connection between seamounts than previously thought. Individual seamounts did not show a separate population structure as one might expect from ‘islands’. The conclusion must be that these sponges have mechanisms to attain greater dispersal than previously thought.
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Curry, Oliver, and R. I. M. Dunbar. "Altruism in networks: the effect of connections." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1202.
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Why are individuals altruistic to their friends? Theory suggests that individual, relationship and network factors will all influence the levels of altruism; but to date, the effects of social network structure have received relatively little attention. The present study uses a novel correlational design to test the prediction that an individual will be more altruistic to friends who are well-connected to the individual's other friends. The result shows that, as predicted, even when controlling for a range of individual and relationship factors, the network factor (number of connections) makes a significant contribution to altruism, thus showing that individuals are more likely to be altruistic to better-connected members of their social networks. The implications of incorporating network structure into studies of altruism are discussed.
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Dove, Edward S. "The connected self: the ethics and governance of the genetic individual." New Genetics and Society 32, no. 4 (2013): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2013.850021.
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Cudd, Ann E. "CONNECTED SELF-OWNERSHIP AND OUR OBLIGATIONS TO OTHERS." Social Philosophy and Policy 36, no. 2 (2019): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000402.
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Abstract:This essay explores the concept of the connected self-owner, which takes account of the metaphysical significance of relations among persons for persons’ capacities to be owners. This concept of the self-owner conflicts with the traditional libertarian understanding of the self-owner as atomistic or essentially separable from all others. I argue that the atomistic self cannot be a self-owner. A self-owner is a moral person with intentions, desires, and thoughts. But in order to have intentions, desires, and thoughts a being must relate to others through language and norm-guided behavior. Individual beings require the pre-existence of norms and norm-givers to bootstrap their selves, and norms, norm-givers, and norm-takers are necessary to continue to support the self. That means, I argue, that the self who can be an owner is essentially connected. Next, I ask how humans become connected selves and whether that connection matters morally. I distinguish among those connections that support development of valuable capacities. One such capacity is the autonomous individual. I argue that the social connections that allow the development of autonomous individuals have moral value and should be fostered. On the basis of these two values, I argue that we can support at least two nonvoluntary obligations, one negative and one positive, that we can ground in our metaphysical essence as connected self-owners.
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Niinimäki, Kirsi, Marium Durrani, and Cindy Kohtala. "Emerging DIY activities to enable well-being and connected societies." Craft Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00038_1.
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In recent years we have witnessed an emergence of various do-it-yourself (DIY) activities in urban spaces. This article aims to shed light on these DIY activities in Helsinki, particularly within the textile and garment sector. Six DIY groups were selected, their organizers interviewed, and their respective activities were examined. The aims of this investigation are to understand these activities, the motivations behind them and the implications of making for well-being. The research interest focuses on the collectives and communities Doing It Together (DIT) and Doing It With Others (DIWO) more than individual activities. The main findings indicate that these activities aim to influence well-being at individual, community and societal levels by activating and integrating individuals into the community and society. DIY activities in the current study are based on sustainability-oriented values; they indicate how consumers enter into slower fashion consumption and how designers exercise more meaningful and fluid expertise in design practice. We argue that DIY activities, while niche, are strongly embedded locally, can drive change towards enhanced sustainability and well-being in urban contexts and can even contribute to the aspect of more connected societies.
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Golob, Tea, and Matej Makarovič. "Od svijesti do ponašanja: individualna, socijalna i ekološka odgovornost slovenske mladeži." Socijalna ekologija 30, no. 1 (2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/socekol.30.1.2.
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Individualization trends encouraging young people to focus on their achievements seem to contradict the need for socially and environmentally sustainable behavior, and this requires additional empirical testing. The purpose of this paper is to present and provide basic testing of an original model of responsible behavior. The model is inspired by the theory of planned behavior distinguishing between consciousness, intentions, and behavior. The presented model applies these to an individual as well as to social and environmental responsibility while taking into account the social, technological, and natural environments. The research is based on the presumption that it is crucial to connect the individual dimension of responsibility with the environmental and social dimensions to achieve environmental and social sustainability at the micro-level. Data for the preliminary testing of the model was collected from an online social survey among Slovenian youth and analyzed through partial correlations and path analysis. The results show that individual responsibility is strongly connected to social and environmental responsibilities, but only in terms of behavior, and not values and intentions. Responsibility is also strongly connected to the social and technological environment, especially to the ways how young people are using digital technology.
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Joksimovic, Snezana. "Individual characteristics and religiousness among adolescents." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 37, no. 2 (2005): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0502115j.
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The paper analyses the research data on religiousness collected at different periods in Serbia and former Yugoslavia. The aim of the paper is to point to the tendencies in religious practice and the expansion of religiousness among young people in different periods, as well as individual psychological factors of religiousness. The data shows that the number of young people who declare themselves religious has increased significantly in the last 15 years, compared to the period of a quarter of century ago. In addition to the revival of tradition as an answer to social crisis and uncertainty which affects young people most, the increase in religiousness is connected to certain forms of social democratization as well as it being socially desirable. The data on social-demographic correlates of religiousness shows that the degree of religiousness varies depending on the age, gender, social background and education level. However, the more recent research data shows that these differences have become smaller which indicates a certain homogenization among young people. Religiousness is consistently and positively connected to authoritarianism, conformism and intolerance, while certain changes have occurred in regard to its connection with desirable social values. Similar to the tendency observed in other research on values the data on factors and correlates of religiousness, especially among young people, point to a specific value relativism and confused values.
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CHEN, CHAO-LIANG. "Pricing of a resettable guarantee of a salary-connected individual pension account." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 15, no. 4 (2015): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747214000481.
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AbstractThe present paper numerically prices a resettable guarantee of a salary-connected individual pension account (IPA). The results indicate that a principal guarantee without a reset feature is not worth much unless the volatility of assets in the IPA is huge, while the death benefit contributes a very small proportion to the guarantee value. Deferred proportional funding is an alternative to reducing problems from the difficulty in modeling salary behavior, because the required deferred proportional cost is impacted less by the salary behavior. Moreover, if the lapse from a guarantee is possible, then the guarantee is not necessarily more valuable for a younger individual.
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Jia, Lin, Yuting Tan, Feiyu Han, Yi Zhou, Chu Zhang, and Yufei Zhang. "Factors Affecting Chinese Young Adults’ Acceptance of Connected Health." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (2019): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082376.
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The global health care industry faces several challenges, such as an aging population, insufficient medical resources, and uneven allocation of high-quality medical resources. These challenges impede the development of a sustainable medical care system. Connected health aims to relieve these challenges by deploying information technology in healthcare. However, there is a lack of research on adoption of connected health and as a result, its acceptance rate is still low. This study summarized 25 potential factors that may affect its acceptance, and ranked their importance by performing a best–worst scaling experiment. Fifteen important factors were distinguished, which included nine technological factors, five individual factors, and one environmental factor. To explore how these factors affect individuals’ acceptance of connected health, this study conducted a qualitative study based on grounded theory. We coded the contents collected in a semi-structural interview by applying open coding, axial coding, and selective coding techniques. Finally, nine core categories were distinguished, and a conceptual model was proposed to explain how these core categories affect individuals’ acceptance of connected health. This study deepens our understanding of factors affecting the acceptance of connected health and helps build a sustainable medical care system.
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Gómez, José M., and Francisco Perfectti. "Fitness consequences of centrality in mutualistic individual-based networks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2244.
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The relationships among the members of a population can be visualized using individual networks, where each individual is a node connected to each other by means of links describing the interactions. The centrality of a given node captures its importance within the network. We hypothesize that in mutualistic networks, the centrality of a node should benefit its fitness. We test this idea studying eight individual-based networks originated from the interaction between Erysimum mediohispanicum and its flower visitors. In these networks, each plant was considered a node and was connected to conspecifics sharing flower visitors. Centrality indicates how well connected is a given E. mediohispanicum individual with the rest of the co-occurring conspecifics because of sharing flower visitors. The centrality was estimated by three network metrics: betweenness, closeness and degree. The complex relationship between centrality, phenotype and fitness was explored by structural equation modelling. We found that the centrality of a plant was related to its fitness, with plants occupying central positions having higher fitness than those occupying peripheral positions. The structural equation models (SEMs) indicated that the centrality effect on fitness was not merely an effect of the abundance of visits and the species richness of visitors. Centrality has an effect even when simultaneously accounting for these predictors. The SEMs also indicated that the centrality effect on fitness was because of the specific phenotype of each plant, with attractive plants occupying central positions in networks, in relation to the distribution of conspecific phenotypes. This finding suggests that centrality, owing to its dependence on social interactions, may be an appropriate surrogate for the interacting phenotype of individuals.
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Saunders, Gabrielle H., and Theresa H. Chisolm. "Connected Audiological Rehabilitation: 21st Century Innovations." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 09 (2015): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14062.
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Background: Tele-audiology provides a means to offer audiologic rehabilitation (AR) in a cost-, resource-, and time-effective manner. If designed appropriately, it also has the capability of personalizing rehabilitation to the user in terms of content, depth of detail, etc., thus permitting selection of the best content for a particular individual. Synchronous/real-time data collection, store and forward telehealth, remote monitoring and mobile health using smartphone applications have each been applied to components of audiologic rehabilitation intervention (sensory management, instruction in the use of technology and control of the listening environment, perceptual and communication strategies training, and counseling). In this article, the current state of tele-audiological rehabilitation interventions are described and discussed. Results: The provision of AR via tele-audiology potentially provides a cost-effective mechanism for addressing barriers to the routine provision of AR beyond provisions of hearing technology. Furthermore, if designed appropriately, it has the capability of personalizing rehabilitation to the user in terms of content, depth of detail, etc., thus permitting selection of the best content for a particular individual. However, effective widespread implementation of tele-audiology will be dependent on good education of patients and clinician alike, and researchers must continue to examine the effectiveness of these new approaches to AR in order to ensure clinicians provide effective evidence-based rehabilitation to their patients. Conclusions: While several barriers to the widespread use of tele-audiology for audiologic rehabilitation currently exist, it is concluded that through education of patients and clinicians alike, it will gain greater support from practitioners and patients over time and will become successfully and widely implemented.
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Voss, Grażyna. "Rachunkowe problemy audytu środków unijnych w Polsce." Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 6 (January 1, 2010): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.6.27.
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Casilio, Marianne, Kindle Rising, Pélagie M. Beeson, Kate Bunton, and Stephen M. Wilson. "Auditory-Perceptual Rating of Connected Speech in Aphasia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 2 (2019): 550–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-18-0192.
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Purpose Auditory-perceptual assessment, in which trained listeners rate a large number of perceptual features of speech samples, is the gold standard for the differential diagnosis of motor speech disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying a similar, formalized auditory-perceptual approach to the assessment of language deficits in connected speech samples from individuals with aphasia. Method Twenty-seven common features of connected speech in aphasia were defined, each of which was rated on a 5-point scale. Three experienced researchers evaluated 24 connected speech samples from the AphasiaBank database, and 12 student clinicians evaluated subsets of 8 speech samples each. We calculated interrater reliability for each group of raters and investigated the validity of the auditory-perceptual approach by comparing feature ratings to related quantitative measures derived from transcripts and clinical measures, and by examining patterns of feature co-occurrence. Results Most features were rated with good-to-excellent interrater reliability by researchers and student clinicians. Most features demonstrated strong concurrent validity with respect to quantitative connected speech measures computed from AphasiaBank transcripts and/or clinical aphasia battery subscores. Factor analysis showed that 4 underlying factors, which we labeled Paraphasia, Logopenia, Agrammatism, and Motor Speech, accounted for 79% of the variance in connected speech profiles. Examination of individual patients' factor scores revealed striking diversity among individuals classified with a given aphasia type. Conclusion Auditory-perceptual rating of connected speech in aphasia shows potential to be a comprehensive, efficient, reliable, and valid approach for characterizing connected speech in aphasia.
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D’Ambrosio, Salvatore, Salvatore De Pasquale, Gerardo Iannone, et al. "Energy consumption and privacy in mobile Web browsing: Individual issues and connected solutions." Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems 11 (September 2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2016.02.003.
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Gren, Lucas, Alessia Knauss, and Christoph Johann Stettina. "Non-technical individual skills are weakly connected to the maturity of agile practices." Information and Software Technology 99 (July 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2018.02.006.
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Иванова, M. Ivanova, Плеханова, and I. Plekhanova. "Portfolio as Reflection of Pupil’s Individual Achievements." Primary Education 3, no. 3 (2015): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11733.
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An experience practice of St. Petersburg’s lyceum No. 265 on maintaining pupil’s portfolio as one of essential means for assessment of junior
 schoolchild achievements is revealed in this paper. The special attention is paid to representation of education results connected with achievements
 of personal, meta subject and subject planned results in the light of the Federal State Educational Standard for the primary general education of
 the second generation. The presented analysis of portfolio’s content and sections can give practical help to employees of educational institutions.
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Yang, Hao, and Ken Oguchi. "Advisory Lane-Changing Assistant at Vehicle Incidents with Connected Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119849055.
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Vehicle incidents on roads result in lane closure and severe traffic congestion, and the frequent mandatory lane changes of the upstream vehicles generate capacity drops ahead of the incidents, which further increase road congestion. With the development of connected vehicles, vehicle incidents can be detected by individual vehicles, and immediate driving assistance can be provided to help them pass the incidents efficiently. This paper proposes a distributed lane-changing assistant (DLCA) system with connected vehicles to advise individual vehicles with the optimal lanes to pass incidents with smaller delays. The system introduces connected vehicles to detect the location and the lane closure information of an incident and broadcast the information to the upstream connected vehicles. To determine the optimal lane for each connected vehicle, a speed index is defined for each lane based on the incident information and the downstream connected vehicle dynamics. The DLCA system is evaluated with a microscopic traffic simulator, INTEGRATION, to illustrate its benefits in improving the performance of individual vehicles and mitigating road congestion. A sensitivity analysis of market penetration rates and demand levels of connected vehicles is also conducted in this paper. The results indicate that the DLCA system can reduce the delay by about 22.1% for the connected vehicles, and it has higher benefits on improving the performance of the entire road at higher market penetration rates. In addition, there exists an optimal demand level to maximize the benefits of the system.
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Ghann, Patricia, Chang Da Wang, and Cong Hua Zhou. "Usage Control: A Solution to Access Control in a Distributed-Network-Connected Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.742.
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Computer and information technology has evaded our every aspect of life. Information technology is seen in all aspect of the individual from banking and investing to shopping and communicating through the use of the internet services such as emails and chat rooms. Organizations and industries also utilize computer and information technology to collect information on individuals leading to the creation of warehouse of databases that enable them to achieve their objectives. In a distributed network environment today, information security is a very important issue in ensuring a safe computing environment.
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Kelly, S. Graham. "Free and Forced Vibrations of Elastically Connected Structures." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2010 (January 2, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/984361.
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A general theory for the free and forced responses of elastically connected parallel structures is developed. It is shown that if the stiffness operator for an individual structure is self-adjoint with respect to an inner product defined for , then the stiffness operator for the set of elastically connected structures is self-adjoint with respect to an inner product defined on . This leads to the definition of energy inner products defined on . When a normal mode solution is used to develop the free response, it is shown that the natural frequencies are the square roots of the eigenvalues of an operator that is self-adjoint with respect to the energy inner product. The completeness of the eigenvectors in is used to develop a forced response. Special cases are considered. When the individual stiffness operators are proportional, the problem for the natural frequencies and mode shapes reduces to a matrix eigenvalue problem, and it is shown that for each spatial mode there is a set of intramodal mode shapes. When the structures are identical, uniform, or nonuniform, the differential equations are uncoupled through diagonalization of a coupling stiffness matrix. The most general case requires an iterative solution.
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Koldanov, A. P., P. A. Koldanov, and D. P. Semenov. "Confidence set for connected stocks of stock market." Journal of the New Economic Association 50, no. 2 (2021): 12–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2021-50-2-1.
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The problem of analysis of pairwise connections between stocks of financial market by observations on stock returns is considered. Such problem arise in stock market network analysis. It is assumed that joint distribution of stock returns belongs to the wide class of elliptical distributions. Classical Pearson correlation, Fechner correlation and Kendall correlation are used as measure of dependence. The construction problems of sets of stocks with strong connections between its returns are investigated. The construction problems of sets of stocks with strong connections between its returns are investigated. To construct such sets the multiple hypotheses testing procedures on values of correlations are used. The properties of these statistical procedures are investigated by simulations. The simulation results show that procedures based on individual Fechner and Kendall tests lead to such sets of stocks with given confidence probability unlike procedure based on Pearson individual tests which do not control the confidence probability. At the same time it is emphasized that for Student distribution the constructed set is nearly the same to the confidence set. The procedure of consistency testing with elliptical model is proposed and exemplified. The peculiarities of the model are discussed.
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Horrigan, John B. "What are the Consequences of Being Disconnected in a Broadband-Connected World?" Daedalus 140, no. 4 (2011): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00112.
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The evolution of the Internet in the past decade — from a slow, stationary, and primarily communications-based technology to a mobile, fast technology that supports a range of communication, participatory, and transactional applications — has made access more valuable, and disconnection more consequential, for individuals. This evolution means that stakeholders should embrace a different framing of the digital divide, focusing on the costs of digital exclusion. These costs can fall on an individual, if the Internet is the only way to carry out some tasks, and on society, if expensive and less-efficient legacy systems must be maintained to serve a shrinking minority without access. Whereas the digital divide debate concerns technology scarcity for certain population segments, addressing the costs of digital exclusion is about developing people's capacity to manage today's abundance of digital resources. This essay offers suggestions on a framework to develop tools that will enable individuals to take advantage of the affordances of broadband.
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Dakin, Roslyn, and T. Brandt Ryder. "Reciprocity and behavioral heterogeneity govern the stability of social networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 6 (2020): 2993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913284117.
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The dynamics of social networks can determine the transmission of information, the spread of diseases, and the evolution of behavior. Despite this broad importance, a general framework for predicting social network stability has not been proposed. Here we present longitudinal data on the social dynamics of a cooperative bird species, the wire-tailed manakin, to evaluate the potential causes of temporal network stability. We find that when partners interact less frequently and when social connectedness increases, the network is subsequently less stable. Social connectivity was also negatively associated with the temporal persistence of coalition partnerships on an annual timescale. This negative association between connectivity and stability was surprising, especially given that individual manakins who were more connected also had more stable partnerships. This apparent paradox arises from a within-individual behavioral trade-off between partnership quantity and quality. Crucially, this trade-off is easily masked by behavioral variation among individuals. Using a simulation, we show that these results are explained by a simple model that combines among-individual behavioral heterogeneity and reciprocity within the network. As social networks become more connected, individuals face a trade-off between partnership quantity and maintenance. This model also demonstrates how among-individual behavioral heterogeneity, a ubiquitous feature of natural societies, can improve social stability. Together, these findings provide unifying principles that are expected to govern diverse social systems.
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Klimashin, A. G. "Individual information security in digital era." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 64, no. 2 (2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2019-64-2-145-150.
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Тhe article presents topical issues related to the emergence of new technologies and technical solutions, in particular connected to the Internet. Over the last years, the importance of digital technologies for solving the problems of communication between criminal communities, of search and collecting personal data not only for their recruitment, but also for psychoactivity has increased significantly. At the same time, the digital space is actively used by separate States, corporations and groups of individuals for information and algorithmic warfare and impact on public consciousness, and technologies of distributed networks began to promote financing of the prohibited organizations. The author analyzes not only legal and technical possibilities to ensure safety of the individual, but also the sociological aspect associated with the impact that these considered factors have on safety and security of the state and individual.
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Campbell, Nicolas A., Patrick E. Phelan, Miguel Peinado-Guerrero, and Jesus R. Villalobos. "Improved Air-Conditioning Demand Response of Connected Communities over Individually Optimized Buildings." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185926.
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Connected communities potentially offer much greater demand response capabilities over singular building energy management systems (BEMS) through an increase of connectivity. The potential increase in benefits from this next step in connectivity is still under investigation, especially when applied to existing buildings. This work utilizes EnergyPlus simulation results on eight different commercial prototype buildings to estimate the potential savings on peak demand and energy costs using a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model is used in two cases: a fully connected community and eight separate buildings with BEMS. The connected community is optimized using all zones as variables, while the individual buildings are optimized separately and then aggregated. These optimization problems are run for a range of individual zone flexibility values. The results indicate that a connected community offered 60.0% and 24.8% more peak demand savings for low and high flexibility scenarios, relative to individually optimized buildings. Energy cost optimization results show only marginally better savings of 2.9% and 6.1% for low and high flexibility, respectively.
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Ma, Linda, Boya Song, Thomas Curran, Nhu Phong, Emilie Dressaire, and Marcus Roper. "Defining individual size in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1826 (2016): 20152470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2470.
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It is challenging to apply the tenets of individuality to filamentous fungi: a fungal mycelium can contain millions of genetically diverse but totipotent nuclei, each capable of founding new mycelia. Moreover, a single mycelium can potentially stretch over kilometres, and it is unlikely that its distant parts share resources or have the same fitness. Here, we directly measure how a single mycelium of the model ascomycete Neurospora crassa is patterned into reproductive units (RUs), meaning subpopulations of nuclei that propagate together as spores, and function as reproductive individuals. The density of RUs is sensitive to the geometry of growth; we detected 50-fold smaller RUs when mycelia had expanding frontiers than when they were constrained to grow in one direction only. RUs fragmented further when the mycelial network was perturbed. In mycelia with expanding frontiers, RU composition was strongly influenced by the distribution of genotypes early in development. Our results provide a concept of fungal individuality that is directly connected to reproductive potential, and therefore to theories of how fungal individuals adapt and evolve over time. Our data show that the size of reproductive individuals is a dynamic and environment-dependent property, even within apparently totally connected fungal mycelia.
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Jennings, Bridget J., Susan E. Ozanne, and C. Nicholas Hales. "Nutrition, Oxidative Damage, Telomere Shortening, and Cellular Senescence: Individual or Connected Agents of Aging?" Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 71, no. 1-2 (2000): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mgme.2000.3077.
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Moran, Lisa, Bernadine Brady, Cormac Forkan, and Liam Coen. "‘Individual and connected’: an exploration of young people’s discourses about youth cafes in Ireland." Journal of Youth Studies 21, no. 8 (2018): 1127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2018.1441981.
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Elfar, Amr, Connie Xavier, Alireza Talebpour, and Hani S. Mahmassani. "Traffic Shockwave Detection in a Connected Environment using the Speed Distribution of Individual Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 20 (2018): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794717.
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Traffic shockwaves reflect a transition from the free-flow traffic state to the congested state. They create potentially unsafe situations for drivers, increase travel time, and significantly reduce freeway capacity. Several shockwave detection methods based on loop detector data and other traditional databases have been around for years. However, these methods face certain accuracy and reliability issues, many of which are due to the nature and accuracy of available data. Connected-vehicles technology is expected to provide reliable and accurate data about individual vehicles that can be potentially used for shockwave detection. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel method to identify shockwave formation and track its propagation based on the speed distribution of individual vehicles available through connected-vehicles technology. In addition, this paper analyzes the impact of partial connectivity on shockwave identification and compares the accuracy of the proposed method to a wavelet transformation-based method. Vehicle trajectories from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) US-101 dataset were analyzed. The analysis shows a consistent pattern in which shockwave formation, indicated by a drop in speed propagating over space and time, is associated with a sharp increase in the value of speed standard deviation (SSD). Furthermore, the analysis shows that shockwaves can be accurately identified using vehicle trajectory data from connected vehicles at minimum 30% market penetration rates. Finally, the results show that the SSD of individual vehicles is more responsive to shockwave formation than the mean speed wavelet transformation, which can lead to improved shockwave detection accuracy.
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Pluta, Anna, and Aleksandra Rudawska. "Holistic approach to human resources and organizational acceleration." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 2 (2016): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-11-2014-0210.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose holistic approach to human resources in the situation of organizational acceleration. Authors are postulating that the holistic approach to HR helps in maintaining sustainable individual resources of employees in the situation of continuous organizational changes and time pressure that further can prevent from the individual resources exhaustion. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper builds on the problem of occupational stress that is connected with organizational acceleration. Authors define stress as the individually perceived inability to match expectations caused by the deficiency of individual resources. They conceptualize the individual resources of employees basing on the concepts of human capital and the individual energy at work and propose a framework of individual resources of employees that enables holistic view of an individual in an organization. Findings – In the situation of organizational acceleration HRM function plays important role in sustaining individual resources of employees in order to minimize threat of occupational stress and further burnout. HR practices should apply multidimensionality of individual resources and threat it holistically aiming at sustaining all four potentials – spiritual, intellectual, emotional and physical. Research limitations/implications – Authors indicate that managers need to understand how to deal with the acceleration in order to overcome the negative consequences for individuals. There is still need for identifying HR practices that are the key success factors in the situation of organizational acceleration. Originality/value – Authors take up the current problem of organizational acceleration from the individual perspective. They propose a concept of individual resources of employees and connected to it holistic approach to HR in the times of great time pressure, work overload, occupational stress and burnout threat.
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Kováč, J., and M. Mikleš. " Research on individual parameters for cutting power of woodcutting process by circular saws." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 6 (2010): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/94/2009-jfs.
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Nowadays, the wood cutting process looks like a technological scheme consisting of several connected and relatively inseparable parts. Wood crosscutting is the most widespread operation in the process of forest exploitation; it is used at tree exploitation, shortening stems and assortment production. The article deals with the influence of the cutting edge geometry of circular saws on the torque and also on the cutting performance at wood crosscutting, therefore there is an influence on the whole cutting process. In the present article measurement procedure, used measuring devices and the process of result analysis are described in detailed. Knowledge of the wood crosscutting process and choice of suitable cutting conditions and cutting tools will contribute to a reduction in production costs and to energy saving.
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Pyles, Loretta, and Kyung Mee Kim. "A Multilevel Approach to Cultural Competence: A Study of the Community Response to Underserved Domestic Violence Victims." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 87, no. 2 (2006): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3515.
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Social workers have often considered cultural competence to be an individual ability or skill (Green;, 1999; Ponterotto, Sanchez, & Magids, 1990). Some scholars, however, have transcended this individual-based approach and addressed cultural competence at the interpersonal, agency and systems levels. (Yan & Wong, 2005; Hyde, 2004). In this study, the authors pursued a multilevel approach to studying cultural competence, conceptualized as the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of individuals, agencies, and wider systems to address the needs of underserved and minority populations. Professionals who work with victims of domestic violence were surveyed to assess cultural competence. There were positive relationships between individual cultural competence and both agency and systems cultural competence, indicating that individual, agency, and systems cultural competence are connected and that a multilevel approach to addressing the needs of underserved individuals could prove useful in promoting the ends of social justice.
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Kofia, Victor, Ruth Isserlin, Alison M. J. Buchan, and Gary D. Bader. "Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-publication networks." F1000Research 4 (August 5, 2015): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6804.1.
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Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-publication links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-publication networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.
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Kofia, Victor, Ruth Isserlin, Alison M. J. Buchan, and Gary D. Bader. "Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-authorship networks." F1000Research 4 (October 8, 2015): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6804.2.
Full textAbstract:
Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-authorship links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-authorship networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.
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Kofia, Victor, Ruth Isserlin, Alison M. J. Buchan, and Gary D. Bader. "Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-authorship networks." F1000Research 4 (December 23, 2015): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6804.3.
Full textAbstract:
Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-authorship links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-authorship networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.
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Seo, Myong-Won, Youngdeok Kim, Hyun Chul Jung, Jung-Hyun Kim, and Jung-Min Lee. "Does Online Social Connectivity Promote Physical Activity in a Wearable Tracker-Based Intervention? A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218803.
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Wearable activity trackers have gained popularity among individuals who want to track their physical activity (PA). The features of wearable tracking technology that are known to facilitate positive behavior changes such as self-monitoring and social connectedness) are well documented; yet, the existing evidence is not conclusive in the literature requiring further investigation. This study was an 8-week pilot randomized controlled study examining the effectiveness of PA intervention incorporating a wearable activity tracker’s online connectivity feature. Forty participants were equally randomized into either an individual-based (n = 20) or a connected group (n = 20). A Jawbone UP24 tracker was provided to all participants in both groups as a means of self-monitoring PA for eight weeks, but the connected group was additionally instructed to share their PA levels with the others using the accompanying smartphone application. Participants’ weekly step counts were evaluated each week to examine the change in PA. Participants’ biometric variables such as body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and psychological status, including self-efficacy (SE) and exercise motivation (EM), were measured from both groups before and after the intervention period. Additionally, the social support questionnaire (SSQ) was measured among the connected group. The statistical significance level was set at <0.05. The average step counts for eight weeks were significantly increased only in the connected group (p < 0.001). Significant differences in step count improved from the baseline to week 8 in the connected user group (p < 0.01), but only baseline vs. week 7 in the individual users. Also, no significant interaction effects for biometric variables, EM, and SE were founded. However, SSQ was significantly improved in the connected user group (p < 0.001). PA intervention combining a wearable activity tracker and online social connectivity feature shows a greater effectiveness of promoting PA than a wearable tracker alone
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Garnov, A. P., and M. M. Levkevich. "Debatable Aspects of Progressive Taxation of Individual Incomes in Russia." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-5-13.
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The present research deals with debatable aspects connected with introduction of progressive taxation of individual incomes in this country. In spite of the fact that in 2021 an attempt was made to introduce the progressive scale on income tax, different political parties put forward their own approaches substantiating them by demonstrating their regulating impact on economy. It is necessary to realize that progression in taxation involves not only the scale alteration. Today the possibility of progressive tax introduction is being discussed on the background of cutting their number in the fiscal system. In fact such innovations, despite their advantages, could have irrevocable consequences. Among key threats we can mention an increase in the shadow share of economy; administration challenges connected with labour intensity and extra costs; growing capital outflow abroad; general drop in economy competitiveness due to declining entrepreneurial urge towards profit maximization, etc. The article systematizes approaches presented by political parties for discussion and structures the author's approach to introduction of progressive rates based on generalized experience of best practices, adapted to Russian reality. The results of practical testing of authors' vision illustrated by income tax by different rates gives an opportunity to compare the tax burden, which can be estimated in order to enlarge citizens' groups with different levels of incomes.
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Bianchi, Pietro A., Diana Falsetta, Miguel Minutti-Meza, and Eric Weisbrod. "Joint Audit Engagements and Client Tax Avoidance: Evidence from the Italian Statutory Audit Regime." Journal of the American Taxation Association 41, no. 1 (2018): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-52151.
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ABSTRACT Under the Italian statutory audit regime, three individual accountants are jointly appointed to audit each client's annual financial statements and sign off on the tax return. These individuals can belong to the same or different accounting firms and through multiple and repeated collaborations they form a professional network. We use network measures of centrality to capture individuals' ability to acquire and apply tax expertise across clients. We demonstrate that clients engaging better-connected individual auditors have comparatively lower effective tax rates. Our results are robust to controlling for a number of client, individual, and accounting firm characteristics, as well as for alternative network connections between clients. We also use instrumental variables, individual fixed effects, and matching to mitigate the effect of endogenous pairing of clients and auditors. Our findings demonstrate that in a joint audit environment, individual auditor professional networks have consequences for tax outcomes. Data Availability: Data are obtainable from the public sources cited in the text and are available upon request.
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Uchmański, Janusz, Krzysztof W. Kopaliński, Karolina Rau, and Alexei V. Uvarov. "Dispersal and individual variability: laboratory experiments with the woodlouse Porcellio scaber." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 15, no. 4 (2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2017.15.4.02.
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Laboratory experiments on the dispersal of woodlouse Porcellio scaber showed that the possibility to disperse diminished the intensity of intraspecific competition. The decision to disperse from local habitat to another one didn’t depend on the weight of individual. The only category of individuals that tried to avoid dispersal were females carrying eggs. This can be connected with the Brownian way of movement of woodlouse during penetration of surrounding environment or with the arrangement of the experiment in which the costs of dispersal were low.
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Judge, George. "Micro-Macro Connected Stochastic Dynamic Economic Behavior Systems." Econometrics 6, no. 4 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics6040046.
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In this paper, we borrow some of the key concepts of nonequilibrium statistical systems, to develop a framework for analyzing a self-organizing-optimizing system of independent interacting agents, with nonlinear dynamics at the macro level that is based on stochastic individual behavior at the micro level. We demonstrate the use of entropy-divergence methods and micro income data to evaluate and understand the hidden aspects of stochastic dynamics that drives macroeconomic behavior systems and discuss how to empirically represent and evaluate their nonequilibrium nature. Empirical applications of the information theoretic family of power divergence measures-entropic functions, interpreted in a probability context with Markov dynamics, are presented.
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Kaschuba-Holtgrave, Andreas, Angela Rohr, Stefanie Rolfsmeier, and Oliver Solcher. "Individual unit and guard-zone airtightness tests of apartment buildings." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 4 (2018): 301–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118786977.
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The airtightness of eight apartment buildings containing six to 11 units each on three or four floors was tested with and without guard-zone pressure, that is, with and without consideration of internal leakages. The layouts of these buildings varied: two of them had no central stairwell; in two other buildings, only some of the apartments were connected to the central stairwell; and the third type had all apartments connected to a central stairwell. Airtightness tests were performed with and without guard-zone pressure conditions. During these tests, two to eight BlowerDoor systems were used simultaneously to create guard-zone pressure conditions. In this report, the authors evaluate the test results of three buildings of different layout types. Furthermore, a reference model for the natural air permeability of all construction materials used in the interior and exterior envelopes of each apartment was created for two buildings in accordance with the German Industrial Standards (DIN). We present the results of this assessment and put them in context with the airtightness tests with and without guard-zone pressure. The results indicate that the air leakage contribution of internal partitions is significant, namely 32% and 27%. As this affects sound transmission, fire protection, odor transfer, and the quality of ventilation, it is essential to assess the airtightness of not only the exterior but also the interior envelope of each apartment.
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Sourav, Shams, Ashraful Hossain Rifat, Muhammed Hasnain Kabir Nayeem, and Md Abu Taher Ali. "Experimental Study of Twin Connected Pipe Jets." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2314.
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Two parallel pipe jets of 20 mm diameter were placed 1.2 mm diameter apart and were connected by a 4 mm wide channel all along the central plane of the jets. The mean velocity flow field of the jets was investigated for three Reynolds number 16300, 34400 and 49200. The Reynolds number was based on the exit velocity of the jets and jet diameter. The experiment was performed in an air jet facility and yaw meter was used for measurement of mean velocity and its direction. Their variations along the longitudinal, transverse, and lateral directions have been analyzed. A significant change of the jet flow field is observed near the exit of the jet. The combined effect of the jets diminishes the presence of recirculation region at the immediate exit rather enhances the energy and momentum transfer between their individual flow fields. Static pressure and kinetic energy distribution are also studied and a momentous variations have been noticed with varying Reynolds number.
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Bhaskar, Dhananjay, William Y. Zhang, and Ian Y. Wong. "Topological data analysis of collective and individual epithelial cells using persistent homology of loops." Soft Matter 17, no. 17 (2021): 4653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00072a.
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Topology-based machine learning classifies complex spatial patterns of epithelial cells into distinct phases. The presence and stability of spatially-connected loops is an effective measure of topological similarity, even when population size varies significantly due to proliferation.
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Baraniak, Marta, and Dorota Starzyńska. "The Innovativeness of Individual Farms in the Łódź Region." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.1.7-17.
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<p>The aim of this paper is to characterise the innovativeness of individual farms in the Łódź region. Based on a domestic and foreign literature study, the most frequently used variables connected with farms (namely, the type of agricultural activity, economic size and VAT settlement system) were selected. The analysis of selected variables that characterise the innovative activity of the researched entities was carried out using the basic measures of structural analysis and interdependence of phenomena. The analysis was based on the results of questionnaire interviews conducted among 150 individual farms from the Łódź region which keep accounting books under the Polish FADN.</p>
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Wilsz, Jolanta. "Theoretical Analysis of Occupational Development Aspects from the Viewpoint of the Personality’s Constant Individual Traits Concept." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 5, no. 1 (2015): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0015.
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Abstract The concept of personality’s constant individual traits and its significance, as well as implications for problems connected with choosing an occupation have been presented in the paper. Selected theories of occupational development have been analyzed from the concept viewpoint and certain traits of occupational personality presented by authors of occupational development theories have been confronted with constant individual traits of personality. Six types of J. Holland’s occupational personality (i.e. realistic, investigative, artistic, social. industrious and conventional) have been analyzed. The number of kinds of each type has been calculated, after considering constant individual traits of personality. It has been concluded that due to constant individual traits of personality the processes connected with choosing an occupation should be highly individualised. Possibility of applying the concept to preparing a list of occupations and typology of occupational careers has been pointed out. Including constant individual traits of personality among basic determinants of occupational success has been suggested.
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Borgias, Fransiskus. "Manggaraian Idea Of “Moral-Self”: Study Of Manggaraian Traditional Texts." International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47043/ijipth.v1i1.3.
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Western philosophers called the idea of “individual-self” a “modern project”. Charles Taylor traced its historical development back to great philosophers of European rationalism (Kant, Hegel, Rousseau, J. G. Herder) with the birth of modern awareness of “individual-self” connected to western-modern individualistic society. Based on a study of “ethical-texts” preserved in Manggaraian oral-tradition, however, I postulate that indigenous tribes have their own way-of-thinking about individual-self, particularly individual-moral-self. Manggaraian people, though mainstream anthropology categorize it communal-traditional society, have some basic knowledge of the idea of moral-self, in the philosophical terminology of Taylor. Strong awareness of moral-self endorses people to have courage to make a personal-individual moral decision (Tillich). Traditional-ethical texts endorse individuals to have their own opinion on important issues of social-moral life, though they will different from the mainstream. Individuals do not depend upon social-communal values. Also in traditional community individuals are endorsed to make their own moral considerations though it means they contradict society. In moral issues individuals should make their own decision. This study traces such tendency in one of traditional community, Manggarai, in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. It is based on several field research conducted in Manggarai for a project of doctoral dissertation.
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Janus, Tomasz, Mateusz Skomra, and Marcin Dziubiński. "Individual Security and Network Design with Malicious Nodes." Information 9, no. 9 (2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9090214.
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Networks are beneficial to those being connected but can also be used as carriers of contagious hostile attacks. These attacks are often facilitated by exploiting corrupt network users. To protect against the attacks, users can resort to costly defense. The decentralized nature of such protection is known to be inefficient, but the inefficiencies can be mitigated by a careful network design. Is network design still effective when not all users can be trusted? We propose a model of network design and defense with byzantine nodes to address this question. We study the optimal defended networks in the case of centralized defense and, for the case of decentralized defense, we show that the inefficiencies due to decentralization can be mitigated arbitrarily well when the number of nodes in the network is sufficiently large, despite the presence of the byzantine nodes.
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Burzurí, Enrique, Amador García-Fuente, Victor García-Suárez, et al. "Spin-state dependent conductance switching in single molecule-graphene junctions." Nanoscale 10, no. 17 (2018): 7905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00261d.
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