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Academic literature on the topic 'Connectivité paysagère'
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Journal articles on the topic "Connectivité paysagère"
BONCOURT, Étienne, André EVETTE, Laurent BERGÈS, and Maria ALP. "Le génie végétal au secours de la connectivité écologique des berges de cours d’eau." Sciences Eaux & Territoires, no. 46 (November 12, 2024): 8072. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revue-set.2024.46.8072.
Full textXu, Wenjing, Richard Fayrer-Hosken, Marguerite Madden, Chenay Simms, Lan Mu, and Andrea Presotto. "Coupling African elephant movement and habitat modeling for landscape availability-suitability-connectivity assessment in Kruger National Park." Pachyderm 58 (November 11, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v58i.422.
Full textCLAUZEL, Céline, Christophe EGGERT, Simon TARABON, Lili PASQUET, Gilles VUIDEL, Marion BAILLEUL, Claude MIAUD, and Claire GODET. "Analyser la connectivité de la trame turquoise : définition, caractérisation et enjeux opérationnels." Sciences Eaux & Territoires, no. 43 (October 16, 2023): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revue-set.2023.43.7642.
Full textFoltête, Jean-Christophe. "Mesure de la connectivité du paysage à travers un maillage spatial." Revue internationale de géomatique 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2004): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.14.59-82.
Full textGUILLEMOIS, Mathilde, Daniel DELAHAYE, and Romain REULIER. "Évolution des trajectoires paysagères et des connectivités hydrologiques dans deux bassins versants bocagers normands depuis deux siècles." Sciences Eaux & Territoires, no. 44 (May 14, 2024): 7978. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revue-set.2024.44.7978.
Full textVillanueva, Antonio, and Jacques Imbernon. "Réalité et contraintes d'un corridor biologique dans la zone centrale du Mexique." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 318, no. 318 (December 1, 2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.318.a20517.
Full textGratton, Louise, and Jessica Levine. "L’initiative Staying Connected : pour reconnecter la nature et les humains par-delà les frontières." Connectivité et adaptation aux changements climatiques 143, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054112ar.
Full textLeopizzi, Marcella. "La Méditerranée dans Corinne ou l’Italie de Mme de Staël : un espace littéraire de connectivité soi / autre / autres." Babel 49 (2024): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.4000/13cuk.
Full textBourgeois, Marc, Étienne Cossart, and Mathieu Fressard. "Mesurer et spatialiser la connectivité pour modéliser les changements des systèmes environnementaux. Approches comparées en écologie du paysage et en géomorphologie." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 23, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.11895.
Full textMetzel, Ruth, and Florencia Montagnini. "From Farm to Forest: Factors Associated with Protecting and Planting Trees in a Panamanian Agricultural Landscape." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 322, no. 322 (October 17, 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.322.a31225.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Connectivité paysagère"
Tournant, Pierline. "Impact du paysage sur la distribution spatiale et génétique des colonies de petit rhinolophe." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2047.
Full textThe lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros was formerly widespread and quite common in north-westernEurope, but has undergone a dramatic decline from the 1960s. Habitat reduction and fragmentation have beensuggested as main factors explaining the decline of this species. Following this assumption, we expected habitatconnectivity to influence the spatial distribution of the maternity roosts. We firstly estimated the functionalconnectivity of the bat’s habitat and modeled the distribution of its colonies in Franche-Comté region (France). Weapplied a landscape graph-based approach to extract several patch-level metrics representing the functionalconnectivity of the landscape at different spatial scales. Those metrics were integrated in a predictive model of thematernity roosts presence according to the landscape context which confirms the role of landscape connectivity in thespecies distribution. Results showed that, at the colony local scale, roost’s presence depends on the availability ofwooded elements near small built areas. At the regional scale, roost’s presence depends on their spatial integration intoa connected network allowing exchanges of individuals among them. The second assumption is that restricted geneflows among colonies due to variations of functional connectivity among maternity roosts may lead to geneticdifferentiation between distant colonies. Based on bat droppings sampling and using eight microsatellite loci, wetested this hypothesis by examining the genetic differentiation of maternity colony at regional scale according tolandscape structure. Despite strong female philopatry our results emphasized a weak but structured geneticdifferentiation within maternity colonies. This genetic structure was neither related to isolation by distance nor tolandscape measures. We could conclude that the Franche-Comté region presents a good overall connectivity for thelesser horseshoe bat. Our results also suggest that genetic exchanges occurred between geographically closed colonies,probably due to male dispersal events. Inter-colony gene flows might occur during mating in the fall, just before malesand females gathering in winter roosts
Auvray, Alexandre. "Intégrer les enjeux de biodiversité dans l'aménagement des quartiers à fortes contraintes techniques ? : quartiers de gare, acteurs et paysages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA01H086.
Full textStation districts are characterised by a distinctive set of technical functions and stakeholder structures, which set them apart from other urban forms. These districts are essential for cities and the transition to low-carbon mobility. Historically, they have been designed and managed by specialists who have devised solutions to the planning constraints associated with the presence of passenger flows. However, this know-how is now being reconsidered in light of the challenges of urban ecology. Indeed, the urban characteristics of station districts affect landscape connectivity, thus influencing the life cycle of wildlife and, consequently, the maintenance of biodiversity. In order to gain insight into these issues, the thesis situates its geographical framework within the context of the Transilien line N, situated in the western region of the Île-de-France area. The landscape connectivity of over 70 animal species is analysed using ecological network modelling tools derived from landscape ecology. The contribution of station districts to ecological networks is evaluated by comparing these districts with other urban fabrics of a similar nature situated at a distance from railway networks. The results demonstrate that the impact of urban density on the ecological network varies between station areas and non-station areas. In rural settings, station districts exert a diminished influence on landscape connectivity relative to the broader urban fabric. Conversely, in densely populated regions, certain station districts exhibit a distinctive positive influence compared to the surrounding urban fabric. These findings offer potential avenues for development, aimed at mitigating adverse effects or restoring connectivity. In order to facilitate the translation of these fndings into the practices of operational players, namely station district planners and biodiversity stakeholders, a participatory approach was employed, consisting of the organisation of four workshops distributed throughout the course of the thesis. The sociology of translation was employed to design these workshops and to analyse the processes of co-elaboration and co-evaluation of the models. Stakeholders, acting as intermediaries representing different communities (e.g. wildlife, scientific or planning professions), were able to provide their opinions on the models’ ability to represent matters of importance to them. At the same time, more than 50 interviews were carried out with the various actors involved in issues relating to the railway and biodiversity : environmental associations, employees of various SNCF companies and subsidiaries, local authorities. Following the "modes of existence" approach, these interviews highlighted the hybrid collectives of humans and non-humans who participate in, support and frame the social interactions between station areas and biodiversity. Thus, specific organisational structures or standardisation documents may act as obstacles to the consideration of biodiversity. On the other hand, certain key actors in the projects or certain extra-company collaborative initiatives support good practice. Driving change towards a ’biodiverse station area’ therefore requires new collaborative practices and new non-humans to support them, while enabling sufficiently faithful and sufficiently permissive translations
Perez, Grégoire. "Influence du paysage sur les communautés de micromammifères hôtes d'agents infectieux transmis par les tiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B008/document.
Full textAn increase in the emergence or in the reemergence of infectious diseases of human and his domestic animals has been observed in the last decades. Most of these diseases are zoonotic, i.e. originated from wildlife, and imply often a vector for their transmission. At the same time, land use changes linked to agricultural intensification have modified the landscapes. The aim of the thesis was to enhance the state of knowledge on the influence of the landscape on the relationships between hosts, vectors and pathogens. In Europe, small mammals can be abundant in most of terrestrial ecosystems; they are thus preferred hosts for the generalist tick species Ixodes ricinus. They are also reservoirs of tick-borne infectious agents. The results of this thesis are based on two years of sampling, in spring and autumn, of small mammals and ticks in different landscapes. We analyzed them for three of the infectious agents they host and transmit: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Lyme disease), Anaplasma phagocytophylum (anaplasmosis) and Theileria (Babesia) microti (piroplasmosis), this last one could not be exploited because of too low prevalence. The 24 sampling sites were half in the core or the edge of a forest and half in agricultural landscapes with a gradient of land cover and of landscape openness. The best explanatory variable for nymph abundance was the presence of I. ricinus larvae the previous year. The results also indicate a relationship between the number of larvae attached on wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus ; 76,5% of the catches) and the abundance of nymphs the following year. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus ; 22,3% of the catches) harbored less larvae in spring, certainly because of an acquired resistance to ticks in the overwintering individuals. Despite that these two species react differently to the composition and configuration features of the landscape, the abundances of nymphs were not related to these features. Other hosts, like roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), meteorological and microclimatic factors probably influence the abundances and the distribution of ticks in the landscape. The host specific richness and the abundance of bank voles, which were threefold more infected than wood mice, likely amplified the prevalence of A. phagocytophylum of these two rodent species. Conversely, landscape fragmentation, via the reduction of host population sizes, seems to act negatively on this prevalence. No clear spatial pattern was observed for B. burgdorferi s.l.. Likewise, no link could be established between the prevalence of the rodents and the prevalence of the nymphs. These results suggest a possible role of more specialist tick species, I. trianguliceps and I. acuminatus, in the circulation of the studied infectious agents, emphasizing the possible interest of considering the whole vector community in further studies. The results also emphasize the importance of considering a maximum of small mammal reservoir hosts, even at low abundances, at the landscape scale to better understand the transmission of these vector-borne infectious diseases
Percel, Gwendoline. "Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée : approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2055/document.
Full textIntensive forestry induces a simplification of forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics, resulting in a decrease of density and diversity of old-growth forest attributes (deadwood and tree-related microhabitats). These elements represent critical habitats for lignicolous species. At the landscape scale, forest management planning create a spatial discontinuity of these microhabitats, which can be perceived as a fragmentation process for many species. Although habitat fragmentation is currently recognized as one of the major threats to biodiversity, its impact on species in managed temperate forest are still poorly understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of microhabitat availability (quantity and configuration) on species communities and populations, at multiple spatial scales, in order to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the spatial arrangement of conservation strategies. We proposed a statistical methodology to predict the microhabitats distribution within the complex of the Compiègne forest (France). Based on this predictive mapping, we showed that different guilds of saproxylic beetles, defined according to their life history traits related to dispersal abilities, respond to the landscape structure at different spatial scales. Modelling metapopulation dynamics of an epixylic bryophyte (Dicranum viride) has highlighted the importance of dispersal on colonization/extinction processes that underlie the species’ occurrence patterns observed at the forest scale. Our results emphasize the key role of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats, which can be considered as relevant management leverage. Increase their quantity and optimize their spatial arrangement within and between forest stands, appears to be essential for persistence of the lignicolous species within managed forests
Remon, Jonathan. "Connectivité fonctionnelle en paysage fragmenté : apport des données génétiques et démographiques pour étudier l'impact multi-spécifique des infrastructures linéaires de transport." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30327.
Full textImplementing networks of ecological continuities requires estimation of functional connectivity in landscapes. Particularly when those landscapes are fragmented by Large-scale Transportation Infrastructures (LTIs). In this context, four terrestrial species were monitored using genetic and demographic surveys across six LTIs in south-western France. The results showed that a significant amount of genetic variability was explained by LTIs (38%), that are mostly acting as dispersal barriers. However, LTI effects are variable depending on the species under study and, in some cases, they can even act as infrastructures enhancing dispersal. Furthermore, the combined use of genetic tools and demographic surveys showed that depending on the selected approach, results might differ. Therefore, these two approaches should be more used simultaneously in landscape surveys
Boncourt, Etienne. "Quantifier la perméabilité des domaines skiables pour la Grenouille rousse (Rana temporaria) : une approche combinant suivi GPS et génétique du paysage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV011/document.
Full textAnimal disperal is a key process for maintaining populations and metapopulations. In particular, amphibians move a lot during their life cycle made of seasonal migrations. This makes them sensitive to the structure of the landscape. Indeed, anthropogenic changes such as linear infrastructure can act as ecological barriers for animals and limit gene flow within the landscape. While the effects of roads and railways on animal movements have been widely studied, the effects of infrastructure related to winter sports activities such as ski slopes and lifts are less well known. Thus, the permeability of anthropized mountain environments is little known. This thesis aims to quantify the ecological permeability (or functional connectivity) of ski areas for a widely distributed mountain amphibian: the European common frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758). To do this, we combine individual movement tracking and landscape genetics studies to better understand the factors influencing frog movements and gene flow within the landscape. Individual tracking is carried out by means of GPS tags and step selection analysis. The landscape genetics study is carried out by gathering DNA samples from three ski areas in Savoie and a control area located in the Vanoise National Park. We tested the influence of several landscape variables related to topography (slope, altitude...), habitats (wetland network, land cover...) or human activities (presence of roads, ski slopes) on gene flow. By using a new method of resistance surface optimization, we show the importance of the wetland network for mountain amphibians. On the one hand, they serve as preferential habitat and, on the other hand, a dense network of wetlands ensures good landscape connectivity for the Common frog. We also highlight that the heterogeneity in effective population sizes in a landscape can distort the genetic distances measured between populations and we recommend the use of techniques to overcome such problems. Our work is important for the sustainable management of ski areas, the development of ski slopes or other recreational infrastructure that can be accompanied by the destruction of wetlands
Bourgeois, Marc. "Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1029/document.
Full textThe global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species’ ecological networks. This research work promotes a modelling approach both on the field of theoretical and quantitative geography and landscape ecology.This approach follows three main steps: (1) simulating residential development and its associated road traffic changes using five prospective scenarios of differentiated urban forms; (2) modelling landscape graphs of various animal species using land-cover maps and ecological data; (3) assessing the potential impacts of each scenario on ecological networks from these graphs using connectivity metrics, with measures of the connectivity decrease attributable to each residential development scenario. Contrary to sprawled cities, the results show that compact and dense urban forms best promote the maintenance of ecological connectivity for the majority of species groups. Further analysis highlights the great contribution of road traffic evolutions regarding the ecological impacts of each scenario.According to some sensitivity analysis, the model used is quite robust. It demonstrates the interest of modelling in the decision-making process for environmental conservation and urban planning to think out the city of tomorrow in a sustainable way
Flavenot, Théo. "Évaluation de l'effet des carrières de granulats sur la connectivité du paysage." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0001.
Full textGirardet, Xavier. "Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069242.
Full textCochard, Arnaud. "Influence des facteurs paysagers sur la flore des habitats herbacés sous influence urbaine : approche taxonomiques et fonctionnelles." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARH102/document.
Full textThe process of urbanisation leads to a series of transformations and disturbances that may have consequences for wild plant communities. This thesis presents a study of the plant communities of ordinary grasslands distributed among three cities of western France: Angers, Nantes and La Roche-sur-Yon. Using both taxonomical and functional approaches, the aim is to analyse the variation in plant diversity and composition along landscape gradients, in particular those of urbanisation and habitat connectivity. Such grassland habitats appear to be diverse, despite a low number of exotic species. The urban-rural gradient structures such communities, in particular by strongly modifying species composition; and this despite an absence of variation in species richness or of homogenisation. These modifications in community structure are linked to traits for ecological requirements (for habitat, pH, humidity or light)or for adaptation to higher levels of disturbance in towns. These relationships vary according to species’ local or regional abundance, suggesting that other mecanisms accompany the filtering process. Taking into account three functional traits (height, SLA and phenology) measured in situ shows that the filtering process also has consequences at intraspecific level. Taken together, the results show how common species are assembled in response to ecological processes operating in urban environments and open up new perspectives and applications for the integration of grassland plant communities into biodiversity conservation objectives in urban areas