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Journal articles on the topic 'Conscious memory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Schiffer, Anne-Marike. "Recording conscious memory." Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 11 (2019): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0774-4.

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Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, Bianca, Thomas Krüger, and Jürgen Bredenkamp. "Process-Dissociation Procedure: A Testable Model for Considering Assumptions About the Stochastic Relation Between Consciously Controlled and Automatic Processes." Experimental Psychology 49, no. 1 (2002): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.49.1.3.

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Abstract. This paper presents an extension of the process-dissociation procedure with wordstem completion, which makes possible the measurement of the stochastic relationship between consciously controlled and automatic processes. By means of an indirect wordstem completion test, the conditional probabilities of conscious remembering with and without automatic processes can be successfully determined. A multinomial model for the evaluation of this extended process-dissociation procedure is presented. This model makes the distinction between voluntary and involuntary conscious memory processes

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3

David, Daniel, and Richard J. Brown. "The Impact of Different Directed Forgetting Instructions on Implicit and Explicit Memory: New Evidence from a Modified process Dissociation Procedure." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 56, no. 2 (2003): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000431.

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In contrast to previous research on directed forgetting, the present studies adopted a recent modification of the process dissociation procedure (Jacoby, 1991; Richardson-Klavehn & Gardiner, 1995) to accommodate the cross-contamination of memory test performance by implicit and explicit memorial factors. In Experiment 1, 120 subjects were compared in global directed forgetting, item-by-item directed forgetting, and control conditions on estimates of voluntary conscious memory, involuntary conscious memory, and involuntary unconscious memory performance. In Experiment 2, 80 subjects were co

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Lu, Hui Jing. "Adaptive Malleability of Memory: Involuntary Memory in Executing Interpersonal Self-Deception." International Journal of Psychological Studies 8, no. 3 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n3p17.

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<p>Extending earlier work on the function of memory in executing self-deception, we hypothesized that involuntary conscious memory was temporarily lost or distorted to help the deceiver keep truthful information away from both self and others, whereas unconscious memory remained intact. In two experiments, participants were instructed to deceive a high- or low-status target by concealing previously studied words. Results showed that involuntary conscious memory but not voluntary conscious memory or unconscious memory of the participants differed between the two conditions of deception an

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5

Nadin, G., and P. Coulthard. "Memory and midazolam conscious sedation." British Dental Journal 183, no. 11 (1997): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809520.

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6

Squire, Larry R., and Adam J. O. Dede. "Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 7, no. 3 (2015): a021667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a021667.

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7

Spear, Norman E. "Conscious constraints on episodic memory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 3 (1986): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00047245.

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8

Frith, Chris. "When Conscious Recollection Disrupts Memory." Archives of General Psychiatry 56, no. 7 (1999): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.645.

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9

Laleh, Fakhraee Faruji. "BRAIN Journal - Declarative vs. Procedural Memory: Roles in Second Language Acquisition." BRAIN - Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (2012): 37–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1042706.

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ABSTRACT Memory is not a single faculty but is a combination of multiple distinct abilities (Schacter, 1987). The declarative-procedural distinction is used both with regard to knowledge and memory that stores this knowledge. Ellis (2008) used the terms explicit/implicit, and declarative/procedural interchangeably. In this article the researcher aims at identifying the different aspects of declarative/procedural memory, interaction between these two types of memory, and the role they may play in second language acquisition.

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Shirvalkar, Prasad R. "Hippocampal Neural Assemblies and Conscious Remembering." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 5 (2009): 2197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91363.2008.

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The hippocampal formation is needed to encode episodic memories, which may be consciously recalled at some future time. This review examines recent advances in understanding recollection in the context of spatiotemporally organized relational memory coding and discusses predictions and challenges for future research on conscious remembering.

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11

Hamann, Stephan B., and Larry R. Squire. "Intact perceptual memory in the absence of conscious memory." Behavioral Neuroscience 111, no. 4 (1997): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.111.4.850.

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12

Pinto, Yair, Annelinde R. Vandenbroucke, Marte Otten, Ilja G. Sligte, Anil K. Seth, and Victor A. F. Lamme. "Conscious visual memory with minimal attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 146, no. 2 (2017): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000255.

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13

Eichenbaum, Howard. "Conscious awareness, memory and the hippocampus." Nature Neuroscience 2, no. 9 (1999): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/12137.

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14

Stein, Timo, Daniel Kaiser, and Guido Hesselmann. "Can working memory be non-conscious?" Neuroscience of Consciousness 2016, no. 1 (2016): niv011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nc/niv011.

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15

MACE, JOHN H. "Involuntary conscious memory facilitates cued recall performance: Further evidence that chaining occurs during voluntary recall." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 3 (2009): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784409.

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Abstract Recent studies have shown that conscious recollection of the past occurs spontaneously when subjects voluntarily recall their own past experiences or a list of previously studied words. Naturalistic diary studies and laboratory studies of this phenomenon, often called involuntary conscious memory (ICM), show that it occurs in 2 ways. One is direct ICM retrieval, which occurs when a cue spontaneously triggers a conscious memory; the other is chained ICM retrieval, which occurs when a retrieved conscious memory spontaneously triggers another. Laboratory studies investigating ICM show th

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16

Wirth, Joachim, Ferdinand Stebner, Melanie Trypke, Corinna Schuster, and Detlev Leutner. "An Interactive Layers Model of Self-Regulated Learning and Cognitive Load." Educational Psychology Review 32, no. 4 (2020): 1127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09568-4.

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Abstract Models of self-regulated learning emphasize the active and intentional role of learners and, thereby, focus mainly on conscious processes in working memory and long-term memory. Cognitive load theory supports this view on learning. As a result, both fields of research ignore the potential role of unconscious processes for learning. In this review paper, we propose an interactive layers model on self-regulated learning and cognitive load that considers sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory. The model distinguishes between (a) unconscious self-regulated learning initiated

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17

Paller, Ken A. "Neural Measures of Conscious and Unconscious Memory." Behavioural Neurology 12, no. 3 (2000): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/865250.

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Neuropsychological studies of memory disorders have played a prominent role in the development of theories of memory. To test and refine such theories in future, it will be advantageous to include research that utilizes physiological measures of the neural events responsible for memory. Measures of the electrical activity of the brain in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) provide one source of such information. Recent results suggest that these real-time measures reflect relevant encoding and retrieval operations. In particular, distinct electrical responses have been associated with

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18

Moscovitch, Morris. "Recovered consciousness: A proposal for making consciousness integral to neuropsychological theories of memory in humans and nonhumans." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (1996): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043946.

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AbstractWhy is consciousness associated with recovery of memories that are initially dependent on the hippocampal system? A hypothesis is proposed that the medial temporal lobe/hippocampal complex (MTL/H) receives as its input only information that is consciously apprehended. By a process termed “cohesion,” the MTL/H binds into a memory trace those neural elements that mediated the conscious experience so that effectively, “consciousness” is an integral part of the memory trace. It is the phenomenological records of events (Conway 1992), integrated consciousness-content packets, that are recov

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19

Lubke, Gitta H., Chantal Kerssens, Raphael Y. Gershon, and Peter S. Sebel. "Memory Formation during General Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Sections." Anesthesiology 92, no. 4 (2000): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200004000-00020.

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Background Occurrence of explicit memory (i.e., conscious recall) has been reported especially after surgical procedures in which anesthesia is considered to be "light." In addition, previous research has shown that implicit memory (e.g., improved memory test performance in absence of conscious recall) decreases with increasing hypnotic state. The current study investigated explicit and implicit memory during emergency cesarean sections with consistently light levels of hypnotic state. Method Words were presented via headphones, and the bispectral index was recorded throughout surgery. Memory

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20

Sergent, Claire. "The offline stream of conscious representations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1755 (2018): 20170349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0349.

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When do we become conscious of a stimulus after its presentation? We would all agree that this necessarily takes time and that it is not instantaneous. Here, I would like to propose not only that conscious access is delayed relative to the external stimulation, but also that it can flexibly desynchronize from external stimulation; it can process some information ‘offline’, if and when it becomes relevant. Thus, in contrast with initial sensory processing, conscious experience might not strictly follow the sequence of events in the environment. In this article, I will review gathering evidence

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21

Stefaniak, Nicolas, Coralie Giot, Sarah Terrien, and Chrystel Besche-Richard. "Impaired conscious memory in non-clinical schizotypy." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 20, no. 3 (2015): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2015.1020147.

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22

Baars, Bernard J., and Stan Franklin. "How conscious experience and working memory interact." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7, no. 4 (2003): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00056-1.

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23

Anwar, Ashraf, and Stan Franklin. "Sparse distributed memory for ‘conscious’ software agents." Cognitive Systems Research 4, no. 4 (2003): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-0417(03)00015-9.

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24

Rosenthal, Clive R., and David Soto. "The Anatomy of Non-conscious Recognition Memory." Trends in Neurosciences 39, no. 11 (2016): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.005.

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25

Bergström, Fredrik, and Johan Eriksson. "Neural Evidence for Non-conscious Working Memory." Cerebral Cortex 28, no. 9 (2017): 3217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx193.

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26

Stuart, Susan A. J. "Conscious machines: Memory, melody and muscular imagination." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9, no. 1 (2009): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-009-9134-6.

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27

Kuldas, Seffetullah, Shahabuddin Hashim, Hairul Nizam Ismail, and Zainudin Abu Bakar. "Reviewing the Role of Cognitive Load, Expertise Level, Motivation, and Unconscious Processing in Working Memory Performance." International Journal of Educational Psychology 4, no. 2 (2015): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2015.832.

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<p class="p1">Human cognitive capacity is unavailable for conscious processing of every amount of instructional messages. Aligning an instructional design with learner expertise level would allow better use of available working memory capacity in a cognitive learning task. Motivating students to learn consciously is also an essential determinant of the capacity usage. However, motivational factors are often subject to unconscious rather than conscious emotional processing. This review sets out the need for further studies to elucidate the role of motivation and unconscious processing in

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28

Duijn, Tina van, Simon Thomas, and Rich SW Masters. "Chipping in on the role of conscious processing during children's motor learning by analogy." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 3 (2019): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119841162.

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The capacity for storing and manipulating information (a function of working memory) is not fully developed until adulthood, so children are not always able to process explicit instructions when learning a new skill. A teaching method that may solve this problem is analogy learning, which compares the to-be-learned skill with a well-known concept by way of a single metaphorical instruction. In adults, analogy learning has been shown to lead to lower load on working memory by reducing the need for conscious processing; however, the effects are unclear in children. If analogy instructions work s

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29

Shruthi, Sukhadev Jarali. "Methods for enhancing memory performance in a type of learning (forgetting) of categorized mind states." i-manager's Journal on Educational Psychology 18, no. 2 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.18.2.21046.

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The various ways in which forgetting, an inherent component of the human memory process, occurs are essential for understanding cognitive function and memory control. This paper investigates the main categories of forgetting, including retrieval failure, decay, interference, motivated or conscious forgetting, and encoding failures. Retrieval failure, which is frequently associated with the phenomenon of the tongue tipping over, happens when memories are present but momentarily unavailable. Information from before or after can interfere with memory retention. This interference can be either pro

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30

Lechowski, Paweł. "The Philosophy of Myth as the Interaction of Anticipation and Memory." Philosophical Discourses 1 (2019): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pd.2019.01.16.

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In this article, apart from a brief review of the relationship between mythos and logos, the author, who has based his study on the Freudian category of the social unconscious and Durkheim’s category of social consciousness, presents the characteristics of three modes of social memory: unconscious memory, interconscious memory and conscious memory. Based on Gilbert Durand’s mytho-analytical tool, the structure of the triad of memory: THE UNCONCIOUS – AWAITING – THE CONSCIOUS is shown as the memory of the Father, Son and Mother. The mythological aspect of elapsing, past, reminiscence, living me

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31

Poe, Melinda K., and Lauren S. Seifert. "Implicit and Explicit Tests: Evidence for Dissociable Motor Skills in Probable Alzheimer's Dementia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 2 (1997): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259708500201.

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Previous authors reported evidence for intact implicit memories (those retrieved without conscious effort) in a serial reaction time task for both Alzheimer's subjects and age-matched controls, although performance on an explicit memory task (requiring conscious effort for retrieval) was poor. The current study assessed latencies on a puzzle-assembly task to assess implicit (procedural) memory for 23 female volunteers. Nine participants suffered from probable Alzheimer's Disease and fourteen did not. Even when subjects had no explicit memory of practicing the task, they demonstrated savings up

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32

Kerssens, Chantal, Gitta H. Lubke, Jan Klein, Andries van der Woerd, and Benno Bonke. "Memory Function during Propofol and Alfentanil Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 97, no. 2 (2002): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200208000-00015.

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Background Conscious recall and implicit memory have been shown to depend on hypnotic state as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) bispectral index (BIS). A third expression of memory (unconscious-controlled memory) was recently observed after moderate to light sedation (BIS, 70-80). The present study investigated memory function during deep sedation (BIS, 60-70). As memory effects are small, the authors studied potential predictors of individual differences in memory performance. Methods Memory function and speed of information processing were assessed in 56 outpatients before surgery.

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Azam, Muhammad, Tanveer Rafiq, Falak Gul Naz, Maria Ghafoor, Maher Un Nisa, and Hammad Malik. "A Novel Model of Narrative Memory for Conscious Agents." International Journal of Information Systems and Computer Technologies 3, no. 1 (2024): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58325/ijisct.003.01.0080.

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The aim of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is to build machines with cognitive abilities on par with humans. These abilities include sensing, reasoning, decision-making, and social interaction. Although great strides have been achieved in creating intelligent agents that can observe and form opinions about their surroundings, problems still arise when it comes to their ability to reason and make decisions. The lack of a narrative structure inside these intelligent beings is a major drawback. This study suggests creating a narrative memory model with a dedicated module for use by self-awa

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34

Landinez-Martínez, Daniel-Alfredo, David-Andrés Montoya-Arenas, and David-Antonio Pineda-Salazar. "Working memory and consciousness:." ÁNFORA 29, no. 53 (2022): 244–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30854/anf.v29.n53.2022.800.

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The view of working memory as a conscious process has allowed to define consciousness as the content of working memory. However, concerns have emerged over comparisons between consciousness and working memory. Although the relationship between these two study fields has been the matter of psychology, philosophy and neuroscience, a theoretical review addressing the core elements of highly cited perspectives would enrich the discussion in this study area. This review focuses on three theoretical frameworks: 1) the multi-component model of working memory, 2) the global workspace theory, 3) the hi

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35

Thakral, Preston P., and Scott D. Slotnick. "The sensory timecourses associated with conscious visual item memory and source memory." Behavioural Brain Research 290 (September 2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.045.

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36

Schneider, Else, Marc Alain Züst, Sergej Wuethrich, et al. "Larger capacity for unconscious versus conscious episodic memory." Current Biology 31, no. 16 (2021): 3551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.012.

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37

Slotnick, Scott D., and Daniel L. Schacter. "Conscious and nonconscious memory effects are temporally dissociable." Cognitive Neuroscience 1, no. 1 (2010): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17588920903474263.

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38

Dutta, Agneish, Kushal Shah, Juha Silvanto, and David Soto. "Neural basis of non-conscious visual working memory." NeuroImage 91 (May 2014): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.016.

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39

Li-mei, Sun, Song Bao-yan, Yu Ya-xin, Li Fang-fang, and Yu Ge. "Cache-conscious index mechanism for main-memory databases." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 11, no. 1 (2006): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02831753.

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40

Stolz, Jennifer A., and Philip M. Merikle. "Conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Temporal dynamics." Memory 8, no. 5 (2000): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210050117753.

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41

Richardson-klavehn, Alan, John M. Gardiner, and Rosalind I. Java. "Involuntary conscious memory and the method of opposition." Memory 2, no. 1 (1994): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658219408251490.

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42

Rao, Jun, and Kenneth A. Ross. "Making B+- trees cache conscious in main memory." ACM SIGMOD Record 29, no. 2 (2000): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/335191.335449.

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43

Brainerd, C. J., L. M. Stein, and V. F. Reyna. "On the development of conscious and unconscious memory." Developmental Psychology 34, no. 2 (1998): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.342.

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44

Mr., Asim Debray. "Core Reality Science Unifying Motion, Space-Time, Gravity, Quantum Particle and Conscious Energy." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION 04, no. 02 (2025): 199–218. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15244475.

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Here in this research Core Reality Science establishes universal Consciousness, i.e., God on a scientific base. This science unifies natural science, philosophy and spirituality, thus develops natural science & technology along with modesty, morality and purity in human beings. This science gives joy to live, drives out blind belief and superstition, takes away crime and corruption to happen and brings the world to a heavenly goal. In this science Present is a physical thing and the Past is a non-physical thing, smallest unit of Time is a single Past, i.e a single universal Memory. Many si

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45

Jacobs, Christianne, and Juha Silvanto. "How is working memory content consciously experienced? The ‘conscious copy’ model of WM introspection." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 55 (August 2015): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.003.

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46

Reggia, James A., Garrett E. Katz, and Gregory P. Davis. "Artificial Conscious Intelligence." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness 07, no. 01 (2020): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s270507852050006x.

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The field of artificial consciousness (AC) has largely developed outside of mainstream artificial intelligence (AI), with separate goals and criteria for success and with only a minimal exchange of ideas. This is unfortunate as the two fields appear to be synergistic. For example, here we consider the question of how concepts developed in AC research might contribute to more effective future AI systems. We first briefly discuss several past hypotheses about the function(s) of human consciousness, and present our own hypothesis that short-term working memory and very rapid learning should be a

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Anooshian, Linda J. "Understanding Age Differences in Memory: Disentangling Conscious and Unconscious Processes." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 1 (1999): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383973.

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Distinct processes involved in memory development were explored by obtaining separate measures of preschoolers’ and college students’ use of familiarity and conscious recollection in picture recognition. In each of two testing sessions (separated by one week; with different video materials), participants viewed pictures in the context of hearing a story. Further phases of the experimental procedure were based on process dissociation, a methodology that provides separate estimates of the contributions of conscious recollection and familiarity. Consistent with existing literature on separate imp

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48

Thorsteinson, Todd J., and Scott Withrow. "Does unconscious thought outperform conscious thought on complex decisions? A further examination." Judgment and Decision Making 4, no. 3 (2009): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001765.

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AbstractTwo experiments examined the benefits of unconscious thought on complex decisions (Dijksterhuis, 2004). Experiment 1 attempted to replicate and extend past research by examining the effect of providing reasons prior to rating the options. Results indicated no significant differences between the conditions. Experiment 2 attempted to replicate the findings of Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren, and van Baaren (2006) and determine if a memory aid could overcome the limitations of conscious thought on complex tasks. Results revealed that a memory aid improved decisions compared to the conscious t

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Urgolites, Zhisen J., Christine N. Smith, and Larry R. Squire. "Eye movements support the link between conscious memory and medial temporal lobe function." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 29 (2018): 7599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803791115.

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When individuals select the recently studied (and familiar) item in a multiple-choice memory test, they direct a greater proportion of viewing time toward the to-be-selected item when their choice is correct than when their choice is incorrect. Thus, for both correct and incorrect choices, individuals indicate that the chosen item is old, but viewing time nevertheless distinguishes between old and new items. What kind of memory supports this preferential viewing effect? We recorded eye movements while participants made three-alternative, forced-choice recognition memory judgments for scenes. I

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50

Calero-Fernandez, M. R. "Explicit memory in Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73063-2.

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ObjectiveStudy of explicit memory of schizophrenic patients. Compared with control subjects.Methodsn = 21:-Schizophrenia Group (GE): 14 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria)-Control Group (CG): 7 subjects with no psychiatric diagnosis.Data analysis:-Analysis of variance for comparison between groups-Contrast-Test Means for intragroup analysis performanceResultsVariables: gender, age, duration, and medication, as well as attitude, mood, attention, comprehension, difficulty and interest shown in the tests.Significant differences were observed between schizophrenic and control i

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