Relevant bibliographies by topics / Consecutive failures

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Consecutive failures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Consecutive failures"

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Jipp, Meike. "Reaction Times to Consecutive Automation Failures." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58, no. 8 (2016): 1248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816662374.

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Objective: This study explored whether working memory and sustained attention influence cognitive lock-up, which is a delay in the response to consecutive automation failures. Background: Previous research has demonstrated that the information that automation provides about failures and the time pressure that is associated with a task influence cognitive lock-up. Previous research has also demonstrated considerable variability in cognitive lock-up between participants. This is why individual differences might influence cognitive lock-up. The present study tested whether working memory—including flexibility in executive functioning—and sustained attention might be crucial in this regard. Method: Eighty-five participants were asked to monitor automated aircraft functions. The experimental manipulation consisted of whether or not an initial automation failure was followed by a consecutive failure. Reaction times to the failures were recorded. Participants’ working-memory and sustained-attention abilities were assessed with standardized tests. Results: As expected, participants’ reactions to consecutive failures were slower than their reactions to initial failures. In addition, working-memory and sustained-attention abilities enhanced the speed with which participants reacted to failures, more so with regard to consecutive than to initial failures. Conclusion: The findings highlight that operators with better working memory and sustained attention have small advantages when initial failures occur, but their advantages increase across consecutive failures. Application: The results stress the need to consider personnel selection strategies to mitigate cognitive lock-up in general and training procedures to enhance the performance of low ability operators.
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Joung, Junegak, Ki-Hun Kim, and Kwangsoo Kim. "Data-Driven Approach to Dual Service Failure Monitoring From Negative Online Reviews: Managerial Perspective." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (2021): 215824402098824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988249.

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Monitoring of dual service failures (e.g., trends in service failures and consecutive service failures) in business is emphasized for service quality management. Previous studies analyzing negative online reviews to conduct dual service failure monitoring from a managerial perspective are scarce. Numerous negative online reviews are useful sources for dual service failure monitoring because they can be easily collected at a low cost. This article proposes a data-driven approach to monitor service failure trends and consecutive service failures from negative online reviews. In the proposed approach, first a classifier is developed to categorize newly collected negative reviews into service failures by Latent Dirichlet allocation. Subsequently, a threshold value is provided to identify a new type of service failure, which was not achieved previously using a control chart. Finally, the probability of consecutive service failures is obtained by association rule mining. A case study of Uber is conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results exhibit that the proposed approach can perform dual service failure monitoring. This study can increase marketing intelligence for dynamic management of service failure and allow rapid responses to service failures.
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Noshaddel, Vahid, Hoseein Porahmad Sefat, Anahita Farahshour, and Seyed Bahar Garakoui. "Consecutive Failures : Repeat Entrepreneurial and no Experience." Singaporean Journal of Business , Economics and Management Studies 1, no. 7 (2013): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0003763.

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Wu, Cou-Chen, and Yu Husan Lo. "Customer reactions to encountering consecutive service failures." Journal of Consumer Behaviour 11, no. 3 (2012): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.1376.

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Jafary, Bentolhoda, Lance Fiondella, and Liudong Xing. "Discrete and Continuous Consecutive 2-Out-of-n:F System Reliability with Correlated Components." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 24, no. 04 (2017): 1750016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539317500164.

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A linear consecutive [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]:failed system, henceforth written consecutive [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]:F, is an [Formula: see text]-component system that fails if [Formula: see text] or more consecutive components in positions [Formula: see text] fail, where [Formula: see text]. The consecutive [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]:F system model is particularly valuable for characterizing critical infrastructures such as telecommunications that provide essential services to society. However, events that impact critical infrastructures such as natural disasters often produce geospatially correlated failures, necessitating reliability models that can accommodate these scenarios where component failures may be correlated. This paper presents a method to explicitly model the correlation between component failures of a consecutive [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]:F system. The approach produces analytical expressions for the reliability of discrete and continuous systems in terms of component reliabilities and correlation between the component failures. The explicit correlation parameter simplifies sensitivity analysis for a variety of measures of interest, including reliability, density function, hazard rate, mean time to failure (MTTF), availability, and mean residual life (MRL). It is illustrated through examples where correlated failures can negatively influence system reliability. Thus, the approach can quantify improvements to system reliability that could be achieved by lowering the correlation between failures of system components.
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O'Rourke, PK, G. Fordyce, RG Holroyd, and RM Sullivan. "Mortality, wastage, and lifetime productivity of Bos indicus cows under extensive grazing in northern Australia. 3. Comparison of culling strategies." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 3 (1995): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950307.

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were evaluated for 2 herds at Swan's Lagoon in the northern speargrass region and 1 herd at Kidman Springs in the semi-arid tropics by editing the records from actual culling to simulate more stringent culling policies. The greatest impact was for young cows, with 13.6 and 27.5% of 2-year-old cows in the 2 herds at Swan's Lagoon failing to rear a calf, and 39.8% at Kidman Springs failing to rear a calf. The corresponding failure rates as 3-year-old cows were 48.1, 54.9, and 80.2%, respectively. Culling for 2 consecutive reproductive failures at Kidman Springs resulted in cumulative wastage of cows >60% by 4 years of age. Other strategies based on 1 or 2 failures had cumulative wastage 80% by 5 years of age and were too severe to be sustained in the harsh environment at Kidman Springs, with low productivity. At Swan's Lagoon, heifer replacement rates were 17.5-22.2% for strategies based on 2 failures and averaged 37.3% for a single reproductive failure but were 28.7% when failure as a 3-year-old was not penalised. At Kidman Springs, heifer replacement rates were 29.3% for 2 consecutive reproductive failures and reduced to 21.3% when 2-year-olds were retained but were very high (33.7-56.7%) for stricter culling strategies. With current branding rates, only culling on 2 reproductive failures in the speargrass region and extremely limited culling on 3 failures in the semi-arid tropics can be recommended as practical options. The lifetime number of calves reared from cows up to 10 years of age at Swan's Lagoon averaged 3.1 when culling was based on 2 failures and 2.2 for culling on a single failure; this increased to 2.8 calves reared when the strategy was relaxed for 3-year-olds. At Kidman Springs the number of calves reared was 2.3 with culling on 2 consecutive reproductive failures but was closer to the actual level at 2.9 when 2-year-old cows were not culled for reproductive failure.
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KAMALJA, KIRTEE K. "BIRNBAUM IMPORTANCE FOR CONSECUTIVE-k SYSTEMS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 19, no. 04 (2012): 1250016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539312500167.

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Reliability importance of components of various systems is an important part in the reliability study. In this paper Birnbaum-reliability importance (B-importance) of components of three popular consecutive-type systems as consecutive-k-out-of-n: F-system, m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F system and r-within-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F system is studied. The B-importance is studied when the survival probabilities of components of the system are Markov dependent. This study is based on conditional distribution of number of occurrences of failure runs of length k and number of occurrences of scanning windows of length k containing r failures in the sequence of Markov Bernoulli trials. Simplified formulae for calculation of B-importance of each component of the three consecutive-type systems are developed in terms of survival probabilities. To demonstrate the simplicity of the derived results, numerical study is also included.
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Bollinger, Richard C., and Anthony A. Salvia. "Consecutive-k-out-of-n:F System With Sequential Failures." IEEE Transactions on Reliability R-34, no. 1 (1985): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.1985.5221923.

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Gera, Amos E. "A Start-Up Demonstration Test Involving Distant Failures." Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering 2013 (November 28, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/469546.

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A new procedure for determining the acceptance or rejection of a system that undergoes a start-up demonstration set of tests is presented. It is a generalization of the recently introduced CSDF model (consecutive successes distant failures). According to the new total successes consecutive successes total failures distant failures (TSCSTFDF) procedure, a unit is accepted when either a total number of successful tests or a specified number of consecutive successes are observed before a total number of failures or the occurrence of near failures which are too close to each other. The practical advantage of this new procedure is the significant reduction in the expected number of required tests together with improved second-order statistics (standard deviation).
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Mirghani, Haïtham, Geoffrey Mortuaire, Gian Luca Armas, et al. "Sinonasal cancer: Analysis of oncological failures in 156 consecutive cases." Head & Neck 36, no. 5 (2013): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.23356.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consecutive failures"

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Suriyawongse, Somboon. "A comparison of the Effects of Different Sizes of Ceiling Rules on the Estimates of Reliability of a Mathematics Achievement Test." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331183/.

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This study compared the estimates of reliability made using one, two, three, four, five, and unlimited consecutive failures as ceiling rules in scoring a mathematics achievement test which is part of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skill (ITBS), Form 8. There were 700 students randomly selected from a population (N=2640) of students enrolled in the eight grades in a large urban school district in the southwestern United States. These 700 students were randomly divided into seven subgroups so that each subgroup had 100 students. The responses of all those students to three subtests of the mathematics achievement battery, which included mathematical concepts (44 items), problem solving (32 items), and computation (45 items), were analyzed to obtain the item difficulties and a total score for each student. The items in each subtest then were rearranged based on the item difficulties from the highest to the lowest value. In each subgroup, the method using one, two, three, four, five, and unlimited consecutive failures as the ceiling rules were applied to score the individual responses. The total score for each individual was the sum of the correct responses prior to the point described by the ceiling rule. The correct responses after the ceiling rule were not part of the total score. The estimate of reliability in each method was computed by alpha coefficient of the SPSS-X. The results of this study indicated that the estimate of reliability using two, three, four, and five consecutive failures as the ceiling rules were an improvement over the methods using one and unlimited consecutive failures.
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Lo, Yu-husan, and 羅鈺琁. "Consumer Reactions to Encountering Two Consecutive Service Failures." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32146218609390428374.

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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>企業管理系<br>100<br>According to previous studies, many consumers in Taiwan have experienced consecutive service failures. Despite of these failures, many consumers still remain loyal to a service provider for a variety of reasons, such as money deposits, contractual agreements, associated costs, time constrains, and health concerns. We attempt to investigate the emotional reactions and expectations of consumers after they have experienced two consecutive service failures. Our findings reveal that for high involvement services, although customers display strong negative emotional reactions after each service failure, the reaction to the second service failure is less intensive than to the first one. Furthermore, our findings show that as long as the products or services remain in use, customers tend to retain high levels of expectation in regard to the service provider. Consumers to encountering the second service failure are impacted by positive/good and negative/bad news significantly. Consumer dissatisfactions continue to increase, negative emotional responses still intense, and the expections continue to downward. In short, the service provider should take care seriously of widespread consecutive service failures, in order to identifing main topic of the core service and finding out consumers need, and then prescribe the right strategies with actions to retaining loyalty customers and sustainable growth forever.
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Chen, Chih-Chung, and 陳志忠. "The Effect of Goal Orientation on Perceived Competence, Attributions, Emotions, Persistence, and Performance After Consecutive Failures." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60518899856933660068.

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碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>教練研究所<br>88<br>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of goal orientation on perceived competence, attributions, emotions, persistence, and performance after consecutive failures. Subjects were 60 male college students selected by using the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Subjects are either high task-/low ego-oriented (n=30) and or high ego-/low task-oriented (n=30) who participated in this study voluntarily. After completed a questionnaire which assess subjects’ perceived competence, subjects will be asked to compete on a computer game against three other persons. Two of four competitors are confederates. Two subjects received either a 3rd or 4th place bogus feedback after each trial. Subjects’ attributions, emotion, and perceived competence were assessed at the end of the fifth trial. Subjects’ practice time during the rest periods was considered as a measure of persistence. Subjects’ performance was measured by adding the total scores on each trial. A serial of t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that: (1) there was no significant effect of goal orientation on subjects’ perception of competence before and after the consecutive failures; (2) there was a significant effect of goal orientation on subjects’ negative emotions. Specifically, subjects’ who are high ego-/low task oriented reported greater “sad” and “frustrated” than high task-/low ego-oriented subjects; (3) There was no significant difference on attributions among high task-/low ego-oriented subjects and high ego-/low task oriented subjects; (4) “Controllability” significantly predicted specific emotion response “guilt” for high ego-/low task oriented subjects; (5) there was a significant effect of goal orientation on subjects’ persistence. Specifically, high task-/low ego-oriented subjects spent more time on practice than high ego-/low task oriented subjects did; (6) there was no significant effect of goal orientation on subjects’ performance. The results and implications of this study are discussed.
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Huang, Hsin-Yao, and 黃信堯. "The Impact of Consecutive Service Encounters (Success vs. Failure) on Customer Responses." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85268629138447125197.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理科學系所<br>98<br>For sellers, buyers’ evaluations of service are the most important thing. However, it is impossible to provide 100% successful service every time. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss a consumer’s evaluation of a company after each service encounter and answer the following question: How do buyers evaluate sellers after service experiences? This paper focuses on the way consumers formed their judgment by using the concept of mental accounting and prospect theory. We found that sellers’ credit to buyers would be different from successful to failed service outcomes, and it could be withdrawn with an increase in the number of failed service experiences. However, sellers’ credit could not be accumulated with the increase in successful service experiences. Equity theory made buyers take the successful service experience for granted because of their payment, and it made buyers regard the success as a necessity of the whole service encounter.
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Book chapters on the topic "Consecutive failures"

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Wei, Anjiang, Pu Yi, Tao Xie, Darko Marinov, and Wing Lam. "Probabilistic and Systematic Coverage of Consecutive Test-Method Pairs for Detecting Order-Dependent Flaky Tests." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_15.

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AbstractSoftware developers frequently check their code changes by running a set of tests against their code. Tests that can nondeterministically pass or fail when run on the same code version are called flaky tests. These tests are a major problem because they can mislead developers to debug their recent code changes when the failures are unrelated to these changes. One prominent category of flaky tests is order-dependent (OD) tests, which can deterministically pass or fail depending on the order in which the set of tests are run. By detecting OD tests in advance, developers can fix these tests before they change their code. Due to the high cost required to explore all possible orders (n! permutations for n tests), prior work has developed tools that randomize orders to detect OD tests. Experiments have shown that randomization can detect many OD tests, and that most OD tests depend on just one other test to fail. However, there was no analysis of the probability that randomized orders detect OD tests. In this paper, we present the first such analysis and also present a simple change for sampling random test orders to increase the probability. We finally present a novel algorithm to systematically explore all consecutive pairs of tests, guaranteeing to detect all OD tests that depend on one other test, while running substantially fewer orders and tests than simply running all test pairs.
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Peng, Rui, Di Wu, and Kaiye Gao. "Reliability of a Dual Linear Consecutive System with Three Failure Modes." In Stochastic Models in Reliability, Network Security and System Safety. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0864-6_12.

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Ksir, Brahim. "Asymptotic Results for the Failure Time of Consecutive k-out-of-n Systems." In Statistical and Probabilistic Models in Reliability. Birkhäuser Boston, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1782-4_17.

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Jafary, Bentolhoda, and Lance Fiondella. "Impact of Correlated Failure on the Maintenance of Multi-state Consecutive 2-out-of-n: Failed Systems." In Systems Engineering. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351056465-6.

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Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly. "The Marriage of Eurydice and Her Husband’s Rule." In Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280536.003.0002.

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This chapter, after consideration of the preceding dynastic disarray and violence, begins with discussion of the reign of Amyntas III, the husband of Eurydice, and proceeds to Amyntas’ two known marriages. It notes the fundamental problems with chronology that characterize the period and the failures of Amyntas’ reign, particularly the issue of whether he was forced to flee his kingdom once or twice. It also assesses his achievements, chiefly increased dynastic stability, in the later stages of his reign. The chapter then discusses Amyntas’ marriages: he had three sons by Eurydice and three by Gygaea. This chapter argues that Amyntas was polygamous and Gygaea was likely the second of the two wives. Amyntas’ marriage to Eurydice was a political alliance, related to the Illyrian invasion of Macedonia, but whether Eurydice herself was partly Illyrian remains disputed because of the uncertain ethnic identity of her mysterious father Sirras. This chapter considers it likely that her father was Illyrian. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the possible reasons for the consecutive succession of each of Eurydice’s three sons and the failure of any of Gygaea’s sons to rule.
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Negash, Hadush, Brhane Berhe, and Miglas Welay. "Immunological and Virological Failure among Individuals on Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy." In Viral Outbreaks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98593.

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Initiation of antiretroviral treatment decreased HIV related mortality and morbidity. Virological failure (a condition defined when the plasma viral load of HIV infected individuals greater than 1000 RNA copies/ml based on two consecutive viral load measurements with adherence support) have an increased risk of clinical progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. Nowadays, combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy is recommended to decrease the likelihood of drug resistance. However, there is emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure during treatment. Hence, managing and detecting antiretroviral treatment response is important to monitor the effectiveness of medication and possible drug switching for treatment regimens. Additionally, mechanisms of drug resistance and factors associated with immunological and virological treatment failure should be addressed.
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Malla, R., and B. Wang. "45. A method to determine dynamic response of truss structures during sudden consecutive member failure." In Space Structures 4. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ss4v1.19683.0045.

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Karampinis, Tassos. "Robotics-Based Learning Interventions and Experiences From our Implementations in the RobESL Framework." In Robotic Systems. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch085.

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In this article, the author presents Robotics-based learning interventions and the experiences at 56th Junior High School of Athens within the RoboESL Erasmus project; as well as a teaching approach using Educational Robotics. The RoboESL project aims to exploiting the potential of robotics for developing extra-curricular constructivist learning activities in schools that will help children at risk of failure or Early School Leaving (ESL) practice and develop their creativity skills, raise self-esteem, motivate their interest in schooling, and finally encourage them towards staying at school. During the implementation, students worked in a constructionist learning environment and were engaged in team activities. The author runs the project for two consecutive school years using EV3 Lego Mindstorms and participated in dissemination events organizing workshops where the students participated in the program taught elementary school pupils.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Kevin B. Mayes, Gene R. Wilde, Monica E. McGarrity, Brad D. Wolaver, and Todd G. Caldwell. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch14.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;.—The Brazos River crosses eight ecoregions on its journey from New Mexico through the heart of Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. This diverse stream ecosystem supports at least 85 fish species, many of which—including two endangered, migratory, pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids, Smalleye Shiner &lt;em&gt;Notropis buccula &lt;/em&gt;and Sharpnose Shiner &lt;em&gt;N. oxyrhynchus&lt;/em&gt;—have life histories that track the natural flow regime. These two shiners were listed as endangered in part because of severe range reductions that left each with one viable population in the upper Brazos River. Given their short life span, a single adverse event, such as a persistent drought of two consecutive years, could lead to extinction. This concern was nearly realized in 2011 when a record drought and heatwave resulted in complete reproductive failure of these species, which led to rescue efforts for imperiled shiners confined to drying pools. Seventeen major reservoirs control streamflow and create distinct, disconnected fragments in the Brazos River basin. Long-term ecological studies have provided a strong science foundation for guiding water and environmental flow management and watershed conservation. Implementation of both upland and riparian best management practices in the upper Brazos River watershed, including management of invasive saltcedar &lt;em&gt;Tamarix &lt;/em&gt;spp., seeks to improve habitat for fish and wildlife. Hydrological monitoring and modeling is being conducted to evaluate the potential for saltcedar control to improve base flows. Identification of stream reaches most threatened by drying and where aquifer pumping may reduce groundwater inflows to streams is the focus of ongoing research on groundwater–surface water relationships. Fish passage barriers hinder successful recruitment, migration, and recolonization of prairie fishes. Removal and mitigation of barriers, as appropriate, will be critical to restoring ecological functions and connectivity required for migratory fishes. Research on propagation and repatriation of prairie fishes is needed to inform conservation and recovery efforts. A watershed-scale, multidisciplinary approach coordinated across borders and among entities is critical to ensure conservation efforts result in the persistence of native fishes in the Great Plains, including the Brazos River.
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Conference papers on the topic "Consecutive failures"

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Yuge, Tetsushi. "Reliability of Systems with Simultaneous and Consecutive Failures." In 2019 4th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsrs48664.2019.8987614.

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Suárez-Castañón, Miguel S., Jehan-François Pâris, and Carlos Aguilar-Ibañez. "Protecting Data against Consecutive Disk Failures in RAID-5." In 2009 Mexican International Conference on Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enc.2009.56.

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Park, Taeju, and Kang G. Shin. "SNB: Reduction of Consecutive Message Reception Failures in C-V2X Communications." In 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348629.

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Xiao, Hui, Rui Peng, Wenbin Wang, and Fei Zhao. "Linear m-gap-consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n system with common supply failures." In 2014 International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety (ICRMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrms.2014.7107201.

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Parshutina, Galina, and Victoria Malakhova. "ON FEATURES OF CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, REASONS FOR FAILURES AND WAYS OF PREVENTING THEM IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS." In 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1767.

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Weizman, Yoav, Ezra Baruch, and Michael Zimin. "Pseudo-Dynamic Fault Isolation Technique Using Backside Emission Microscopy – Case Study, Where All Other Methods Fail." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0539.

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Abstract Emission microscopy is usually implemented for static operating conditions of the DUT. Under dynamic operation it is nearly impossible to identify a failure out of the noisy background. In this paper we describe a simple technique that could be used in cases where the temporal location of the failure was identified however the physical location is not known or partially known. The technique was originally introduced to investigate IDDq failures (1) in order to investigate timing related issues with automated tester equipment. Ishii et al (2) improved the technique and coupled an emission microscope to the tester for functional failure analysis of DRAMs and logic LSIs. Using consecutive step-by-step tester halting coupled to a sensitive emission microscope, one is able detect the failure while it occurs. We will describe a failure analysis case in which marginal design and process variations combined to create contention at certain logic states. Since the failure occurred arbitrarily, the use of the traditional LVP, that requires a stable failure, misled the analysts. Furthermore, even if we used advanced tools as PICA, which was actually designed to locate such failures, we believe that there would have been little chance of observing the failure since the failure appeared only below 1.3V where the PICA tool has diminished photon detection sensitivity. For this case the step-by-step halting technique helped to isolate the failure location after a short round of measurements. With the use of logic simulations, the root cause of the failure was clear once the failing gate was known.
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Gavi´n, Sergio D., and Maximiliano I. Gonella. "Custody Transfer Management in Pipelines." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64515.

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This paper focuses on the technical study of metering systems involved in custody transfer (metering instruments and its patterns) in order to calculate a measurement uncertainty for each component and for the system as a whole. Based on this, a tolerance for the operating balance of each batch is established. This definition applies to monthly balances for all the quantity of product that travels into the pipeline and for kind of it (gasoline, diesel, etc.). This methodology, of managing the custody transfer for the global pipeline and by product, helps to early detections of failures at the metering systems. Also, valorizing the transferred product in the interface between two consecutive batches, the company counts on an economic indicator to improve the batch cut points. In addition, it makes possible to fix the Refinery’s ‘quality giveaway’ (“quality gift”) since the volume of the transferences is related closely to the quality of the transported product. The greater the quality ‘giveaway’, the lower the volume of transferences.
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Manikandan, Arumugampillai, and Zeeshan Anwar. "Case Study: Consecutive Failure of Lube Oil Cooler Fans Coupling." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206120-ms.

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Abstract Do we analyze on why can even the most reliable turbomachinery are getting failure and stopped? In some cases, it's all about bad installation or design literally. This paper explores the challenges one site had with repeated failure of lube oil fin fan coolers coupling which caused the unit availability of more than 3 months. It outlines the troubleshooting attempts made to remedy this issue, its root cause, and the resulting solution. This issue occurred at a site with a train configuration of motor driven centrifugal compressors. The plant lube oil system has been configured with 3 trains. Each train has been configured with Main electric motor + Vorecon Gearbox + Low Pressure centrifugal compressor + High Pressure centrifugal compressor. Lube oil system of the train has been configured as 2 lube oil coolers and 2 working oil coolers. Lube oil coolers are having fins with air cooler type. Air is supplied by fin fans and each train has 2 lube oil cooler fans and 2 working oil cooler fans. In total site has 3 trains x 4 fin fans so it has 12 fin fan cooler fans. All cooler fans are driven by electric motor which is coupled with gearbox and gear box is connected with cooler fan. During normal operation of working oil cooler fan A- stopped rotation suddenly from normal operation. During investigation, motor shaft was found running freely. No movement was seen on cooler fan. Coupling between motor to gearbox was inspected. Coupling is shear plate coupling. Its spacer flexible element were found broken into several pieces. Further investigation revealed that motor coupling hub was moving free axially back and forth due to clearance between motor shaft to coupling hub internal diameter. Motor side Coupling hub bolt hole was found with loss of material and ovality in shape. Hub locking Allen screw was found in damaged condition. Missing materials were noted and broken shear plate materials were found around coupling guard area. While site team was conducting the investigation on the unit A, similar incident occurred in next unit and other 3 units with 2 days difference between them. During detailed investigation it has been noted that all motor to gear box coupling are shear plates and shear plates were broken. Coupling hub was found loose and coupling hub locking screw was found broken or partial damage.
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9

Engelbert, Christian, Mikael Nilsson, Ariane Sutor, and Francesco Montrone. "Application of a Reliability Model to Gas Turbine Design." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60100.

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The most important attribute of a product is quality. Quality influences the economics of an investment but also the economics of the manufacturer and can be a break point to the manufacturer’s prosperity. Consciously but often subconsciously quality is “just” expected and can therefore be seen as a straight measure of customer satisfaction — in the Kano-terminology quality is a “Must Have” parameter. In the power industry quality is generally being expressed and measured in RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety). For the development of new power generation equipment like gas turbines the targets are being laid out very early in the project. Since the development of gas turbine components can be a multi year undertaking it is paramount that the targets contain this element of future customer expectations. This ultimately drives the design team to challenge the technical boundaries — a gas turbine parameter that is satisfactory in today’s market environment might not be pleasing anymore in tomorrow’s changing environment. This is not only valid for the engines thermal performance but also for its reliability and availability. Siemens industrial gas turbines and components are therefore being developed with “Reliability Centered Design” in mind. This report describes the application of a predictive reliability engineering methodology to the development of new gas turbine components and how it influenced the design team’s decision making. The reliability analysis and prognosis is based on a predictive fault tree model with supporting Markov models to address consecutive failures or failure probabilities of stand by equipment. It has been validated with field data. While observation data retrieved from operational engines are being used for direct improvements of existing turbine designs the model based approach has its merits in supporting new designs by considering design or system alternatives. Further more it provides the sensitivities of the reliability of the gas turbine with respect to the components’ reliabilities. The model comprises the core engine but also the auxiliary systems within the package. This paper has been jointly prepared by the industrial gas turbine design team located in Lincoln (UK) and Finspa˚ng (Sweden) as well as Siemens reliability engineering team from Corporate Technology in Munich (Germany).
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Feng, Michael, Peter Kwok, Dariusz Pryputniewicz, Ryan Marinis, and Ryszard Pryputniewicz. "Dynamic Analysis to Confirm Lead Failure of a 352-Pin CQFP Under Shock." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11400.

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During qualification testing of an electronics module, several leads in one corner of a 352 pin ceramic quad flat pack (CQFP) component failed. The module was exposed to several different environments including sine vibration, thermal cycling, random vibration, and shock. The last test environment applied was seven consecutive shocks normal to the printed wiring board. Given the severity of the shock response spectrum, it was believed that the shocks normal to the board were the culprit. Therefore, a finite element model (FEM) was created of the module to diagnose the cause of the failure. The FEM modeled all 352 CQFP leads using quadratic beam elements. Besides the CQFP, the FEM also included the aluminum frame, the printed wiring board, and several adjacent components. It was validated by comparing the board’s mode frequencies and shapes computed in ANSYS to those imaged by optoelectronic holography on the test hardware. ANSYS was also used to rule out sine vibration, random vibration, and thermal cycling as causes of the failure. To evaluate the stress levels in the leads during the shock pulse, the actual acceleration experienced by the hardware during a shock pulse was recorded and used in an explicit dynamic analysis in LS-DYNA. In addition, a bilinear elastic-plastic material model was used for the kovar leads. The analysis showed that the suspect leads reached their ultimate tensile strength by the fourth consecutive shock. These results confirmed that the leads failed due to the consecutive shock pulses. The FEM was subsequently used to evaluate a redesign of the module to mitigate the risk to mechanical shock.
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